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1 TITLE: PROPOSAL FOR ADVANCED PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
FACILITY (2012-2017)
2 Complete address of the implementing School / centre/ office:
School of Biosciences
Mahatma Gandhi University
Kottayam
3 Abstract of the proposal:
The proposal is aimed at up gradation and expansion of the plant tissue
culture facility of the school, so as to benefit teaching, training and research in
the field. Since the school lacks sufficient space for the said facility a new
building is proposed The building is partitioned into five areas containing Foyer
area and coat room, Preparation room and Sterilization room ,Inoculation room
with multiple Laminar Air Flows and Incubation room (temperature, humidity,
light controlled) with 5 racks. The total expected budget outlay is Rs 26.35 lakhs
spread over a period of 5 years.
4 Introduction and motivation of the proposal
School of Biosciences with 4 M Sc programmes (M Sc in Biotechnology,
Microbiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics), M Phil programme and Research in
life sciences, train approximately 60 students every year. The existing plant
tissue culture facility was established long back to cater a far less number of
students. As the student input increased, there was no concomitant increase in
tissue culture laboratory facilities. Presently due to the unavailability of space,
preparation, inoculation and incubation facilities, the Research students are
forced to outsource their work by paying from their own pocket. Giving proper
training to the M Sc students is also impaired due to the above mentioned facts.
Presently about 10 research students, 5 M Phil students and 35 M Sc students
are actively involved in works. Concerning plant tissue culture and many more
are interested in the same in their future works as a part of their research work.
We found it quite difficult to continue on going research programmes. In view of
these we propose a new advanced tissue culture facility.
5 Regional and national importance
India contains over 5% of the worlds’ diversity though it covers only 2%
of the earth’s surface. It is also one of the biodiversity hotspots of the richest
and highly endangered eco-regions of the world. At present, there is a
worldwide movement for assessing the plant resources and searching for new
plants, which are of medicinal and economical value and importance.
Researchers are focusing mainly on ethno botanical and ethno medicinal
investigation to fulfill the increasing demand of herbal products. Hence
medicinal plants are now under great pressure due to their excessive
collection or exploitation. Continuous exploitation of several medicinal plant
species and substantial loss of their habitats have resulted in the population
decline of many high value medicinal plant species over the years (Planning
commission, Government of India, 2000) . The degree of threat to natural
populations of medicinal plants has increased because more than 90% of
medicinal plant raw material for herbal industries in India and also for export
is drawn from natural habitats. The primary threat to medicinal plants is, those
that affect any kind of biodiversity. The weakening of customary laws has
often proved to be easily diluted by modern socio-economic forces. There are
many other potential causes of rarity in medicinal plant species, such as
habitat specificity, narrow range of distribution, land use disturbance,
introduction of non-natives, habitat alteration, climatic changes, heavy
livestock grazing, and explosion of human population, fragmentation and
degradation of population, population bottleneck and genetic drift
Among the nearly 15,000 flowering plants documented, many of them
are used as sources of medicine. In the developing nations, almost 80%
people depend on these plants for medicine because of their easy availability
and low cost of treatment. The modern allopathic system of medicine is
known to produce serious side effects and resistance against antibiotics,
which make these drugs nonpotent. Western Ghats bordering the state of
Kerala is considered to be a biodiversity hotspot. . Many medicinal plants are
endemic to this region. Many of them are listed in the red data book and have
endangered status India is a major centre of origin and diversity of crop and
medicinal plants. It holds an extraordinary significance among the top gene-
rich countries of the world relating to its abundantly rich land race diversity in
agricultural and horticultural crops and their wild relatives. India possesses
about 20,000 species of higher plants and one third of it being endemic and
500 species are categorized to have medicinal value. The Southern Western
Ghats is one of the major repositories of endemic and medicinal plants. It
harbors around 4,000 species of higher plants of which 450 species
belonging to 150 Natural orders are endangered. The red list category in this
region is increasing and the valuable genetic resources are being lost at a
rapid rate due to habitat destruction, environmental changes, natural
calamities and more reasonably through over-exploitation.
Conservation and management of genetic resources is a very
important activity for developing new cultivars. Genetic resources are the raw
material with potential for valuable research effort and development. R and D
effort using modern in vitro conservation and cryobioligical techniques has
resulted in the development of conservation protocols outside the natural
habitats, besides conservation in their centers of origin and diversity. An
integrated approach for conservation and management should be adopted,
based on multiple conservation strategies. The conventional methods used to
conserve Genetic Resources have been supplemented in recent years by
rapid developments in plant biotechnology.
There are four main areas of biotechnology, which can assist plant
conservation programmes. 1) Molecular marker technology, 2) Molecular
diagnostics, 3) Tissue culture (in vitro technologies) and 4) Cryopreservation
Tissue culture (or in vitro) technologies have had a major impact on
the ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources and importantly, disease
indexed in vitro -maintained germplasm provides an excellent means of
mediating international germplasm exchange. Micropropagation, using
somatic embryo and shoot culture techniques assists many crop plant
improvement programmes and increasingly these methods are being used for
the conservation of endangered plant species. Crop plants, which are
vegetatively propagated, present particular conservation problems, as their
seeds are not available for banking. Whilst field gene banks provide important
conservation options, germplasm maintained in this manner can be at risk
from pathogen attack and climatic damage. For vegetatively propagated
species, in vitro conservation using tissue culture methods is the only reliable,
long-term means of preservation. Storage in the active growing state or under
reduced (slow) growth provides cost effective, medium-term conservation
options. Most major, international germplasm centers use in vitro
conservation as their method of choice for vegetatively propagated crops
6 Objectives
To upgrade and expand the plant tissue culture facility of the school,
1. To benefit teaching for M.Sc students
2. For developing training skills for students and teachers from out side
university
3. For improving research facility in this field.
7 &8 Methods of implementation and milestones
The proposed facility requires the construction of a new building since the
existing facility in the school is designed primarily for the purpose of MSc
teaching and training. The up gradation of the facility is required for the
development of the said facility for making it suit the needs of research.
The proposed building will be and of size 600 sq ft and partitioned into washing
area and a foyer, coat room, preparation room, inoculation room, and incubation
room to ensure maximum sterility akin to commercial ventures. The partitioning
of the building will be done by aluminum fabrication. The facility will be supplied
water supply and electricity on a continuous basis and the incubation room will
be temperature controlled. The following equipments also will be purchased for
the operation of the facility.
Laminar Air Flow chamber - 2
Racks - 5
Refrigerator - 1
Autoclave - 2
Shaker Incubator - 1
Deep Freezer -1
Milestones
Number of years Expected work to be completed at different stages
1st year
6 months
Planning of infrastructure of the building6months
2 nd year
and
3 rd year
6 months
Construction of building6 months
6 months
6 months
4 th year 6 months Electrification ,air conditioning, plumping
and aluminium fabrication 6 months
5 th year One year
Purchasing of instruments
Incubation room Inoculation room
Washing areaFoyer
Coat room
Autoclaving AreaShelf or ChemicalsStorageWashing and preparation
Figure 1 Rough sketch of the proposed facility
9. Expected outcome
A Modern plant tissue culture facility of industrial standards will be established.
10. Budget
Sl .
No.
Item 1 st yr 2 nd yr 3 rd yr 4 th yr 5 th yr Total
1 building Planning 40,000
2 building
Construction
7.2lak
hs3 building
4 building Electrification
and plumping
3
lakhs
5
instrume
ntation
Purchasing
of
instruments
16.15
lakhs
Grand
Total
26.35
lakhs
Estimate (approximate)
1) Infrastructure
A) Building 600sq.ft
Construction Expense@1200 per sq.ft - 7.2 lakhs
B) Plumbing, electrification and air conditioning - 2 lakhs
C) Partitioning by aluminium fabrication - 1 lakhs
Total 10.2 lakhs
2) Equipments
a) Laminar Air flow Chamber (2nos) 2x 50,000 = 1.0 lakhs
b) Tissue culture racks (5 nos) 5x 2, 00000 = 10 lakhs
c) Shaker incubator (1no) 80,000x1 = 0.8 lakhs
d) Refrigerator (1no ) 25,000x1 = 25000
e) Autoclave (2nos) 150000x2 = 3.0 lakhs
f) Deep freezer (-20oC)(1 no) 100,000x1 = 1 lakh
Total 16.15
Grand Total 26.35 lakhs
11. Justification of each head:
Construction of building: The existing plant tissue culture facility is not
sufficient for the students and research scholars in the school of biosciences due
to the unavailability of space, preparation, inoculation and incubation facilities. It
quite difficult to continue on going research programmes. In view of these we
propose a new advanced tissue culture facility.
Purchasing of instruments: for establishing a modern tissue culture lab with
industrial facilities.