Property of Lear Siegler

7 out of 10 Atmosphere & Airmasses, Pressure & Winds, Stability and Clouds7 out of 10Frontal Weather7 out of 10Weather Hazards7 out of 10Weather Reports & Forecasts7 out of 10Weather ChartsAvn Weather Exam June 4

Why is weather important?Weather affects everything we do!

What is weather?The state of the atmosphere with respect to temperature, moisture content, turbulence, and cloudiness.

Terminal Learning ObjectiveACTION: Plan a flight for weather considerationsCONDITION: Acting as an aviator and given an IFR or VFR flight mission and available weather information.STANDARD: In accordance with (IAW) Army Regulation (AR) 95-1, and Field Manual (FM) 1-230

Property of Lear Siegler Atmosphere and Air MassesAction: Identify the characteristics of the atmosphere and the air masses that will assist in predicting weather conditions for an assigned flight mission.Condition: When given pertinent information in a classroom environment.Standard: Answer questions pertaining to the composition of the atmosphere, characteristics of the troposphere, factors affecting the theory of circulation, types of heat energy transfer, temperature change with relationship to altitude, air mass characteristics, semi-permanent pressure areas affecting North American continents weather, air masses by their classification, stability of air masses, air mass movement, and typical weather associated with a specific type of air mass. Receive a GO by correctly answering the required number of questions on criterion referenced examination 011-0052 as defined in the test instructions.

ELO # 1ACTION: Identify the composition of the atmosphere and its effects on weather.CONDITION: Given pertinent information about the atmosphere.STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 para 2-2

OTHER GASES1%Property of Lear SieglerDry Air

Natural Air = Dry air + Condensation Nuclei and Water Vapor

ELO # 2ACTION: The student will identify the layers of the atmosphere, height, and in which layer weather occurs. CONDITION: Given pertinent information about the atmosphere.STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 para 2-3

Layers of Atmosphere Troposphere Tropopause Stratosphere

Property of Lear SieglerStratosphere

ELO # 3ACTION: The student will identify the atmospheric circulation, Coriolis force, and the three-cell theory. CONDITION: Given pertinent information about the atmosphere.STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 para 6-2, 3, 4

Property of Lear Siegler Atmospheric circulation begins with uneven heating.

Uneven heating from the sun Atmospheric circulation is modified by

Uneven heating from the sunCoriolis Force The apparent force caused by the unequal speed of rotation of the earths surface. This force deflects non-steerable bodies to the right in the Northern Hemisphere.Atmospheric circulation is modified by

Uneven heating from the sunCoriolis Force The apparent force caused by the unequal speed of rotation of the earths surface. This force deflects non-steerable bodies to the right in the Northern Hemisphere.Tilt of the earth

Atmospheric circulation is modified by

Coriolis Force

Uneven heating from the sunCoriolis Force The apparent force caused by the unequal speed of rotation of the earths surface. This force deflects non-steerable bodies to the right in the Northern Hemisphere.Tilt of the earth Atmospheric circulation is modified by

HHLLLHHHHLLLLLLLProperty of Lear SieglerHHHH

HHLLLHHHHLLLLLLLProperty of Lear SieglerHHHHGlobal Circulation

Local circulation discussed in future classes

ELO # 4ACTION: The student will identify the four types of heat transfer. CONDITION: Given pertinent information about heat energy.STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 para 3-5

METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFERRADIATIONProperty of Lear Siegler

METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFERRADIATIONProperty of Lear SieglerCONDUCTIONCONVECTIONStrongest thermal currents created over landmass during daylight hours

METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFERRADIATIONProperty of Lear SieglerCONDUCTIONCONVECTIONADVECTION

Insolation

Terrestrial Radiation

Conduction

Convection

Sea Breeze Effect

Land Breeze Effect

RADIATIONINSOLATION

TERRESTRIAL RADIATION

CONDUCTIONLCONVECTIONADVECTION

Be back prior to arrival at OZR. (ETA 00+10)

ELO # 5ACTION: The student will identify the relationship of temperature with altitude change, to include temperature inversions. CONDITION: Given pertinent information about the temperature.STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 para 3-7b

A MEASUREMENT OF THE LEVEL OF INTENSITY OF HEAT ENERGY MEASURED IN DEGREES CELSIUSProperty of Lear SieglerTemperature

Warmest temperatures near ground Decreases with altitude Standard Lapse Rate OLR Observed Lapse Rate

10021245 11340 10437 98.630 8620 6815 5910 505 410 32-5 23-15 -5-40 -40CELSIUSFAHRENHEITBOILING POINTBODY TEMPSTANDARD SL TEMPMELTING POINTSAMEProperty of Lear Siegler

C = (F - 32) / 1.8

F = C 1.8 + 32

C = 5/9 (F+40) - 40

F = 9/5 (C+40) - 40CONVERSION FORMULASProperty of Lear Sieglercomp

Property of Lear SieglerTroposphere

TEMPERATUREINVERSIONSWARMER AIR ABOVE COLDER AIR NOCTURNAL FRONTALProperty of Lear Siegler

Property of Lear SieglerBest conditions for nocturnal inversion - clear and cool night

Property of Lear SieglerOvercast Sky / Greenhouse Effectprevents a temperature inversion

03o C05o C0o C

ELO # 6ACTION: The student will identify the characteristics, classification, stability and movement of an air mass. CONDITION: Given pertinent information about air masses.STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 Chapter 9

AIR MASS - A LARGE BODY OF AIR WHOSE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ARE HORIZONTALLY UNIFORMTEMP 2 CDP -10 CTEMP 30 CDP 25 CProperty of Lear Siegler

North American HighSiberian HighIcelandic HighBermuda HighPineapple High

AIR MASSCLASSIFICATIONc = CONTINENTAL AIR MASS (DRY AIR)

m = MARITIME AIR MASS (MOIST AIR)Property of Lear Siegler

AIR MASSCLASSIFICATIONA = ARTIC AIR MASS (70 TO 90)P = POLAR AIR MASS (40 T0 60)T = TROPICAL AIR MASS (10 TO 30)E = EQUATORIAL AIR MASS (O TO 10)Property of Lear Siegler

AIR MASS CLASSIFICATIONcPContinental PolarMaritime PolarmTMaritime Tropicalwarm, moistcTContinental Tropicalwarm, drycold, moistcold, drymPProperty of Lear SieglerContinental ArticEquatorialcAEcoldest, drywarmest, moist

AIR MASSSTABILITYw = Stable

k = UnstableProperty of Lear Siegler

20c35c0c15cStable air mass: air is warmer than the ground indicated by the symbol - wProperty of Lear Siegler

AIR MASS CHARACTERISTICSW TYPE AIR MASS

STRATUS CLOUDS FOG LOW CEILINGS POOR VISIBILITY SMOOTH FLYING CONDITIONS LIGHT OR CALM WINDS CONTINOUS LIGHT RAIN USUALLY IFR CONDITIONS


Unstable air mass: air is colder than the ground indicated by the symbol - K35c20c15c0cProperty of Lear Siegler

AIR MASS CHARACTERISTICSK TYPE AIR MASS

CUMULUS CLOUDS HIGH CEILINGS GOOD VISIBILITY TURBULENCE GUSTY SURFACE WINDS THUNDERSTORMS, HEAVY RAIN SHOWERS, HAIL, LIGHTNING


Hailstone sizeMeasurementUpdraft Speedin.cm.mphm/sbb< 1/4< 0.64< 24< 11pea1/40.642411marble1/21.33516dime7/101.83817penny3/41.94018nickel7/82.24621quarter12.54922half dollar1 1/43.25424walnut1 1/23.86027golf ball1 3/44.46429hen egg25.16931tennis ball2 1/26.47734baseball2 3/47.08136tea cup37.68438grapefruit410.19844softball4 1/211.410346

AIR MASS CLASSIFICATIONcPkmPkmTwcTkcPkcTkmPkmTwProperty of Lear Siegler

ELO # 7ACTION: The student will identify the typical weather associated with air masses. CONDITION: Given pertinent information about a type of air mass.STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 Chapter 9

FM 1-230 References for todayAtmosphere 2-1 thru 2-3Temperature 3-1 thru 3-5Atmospheric Circulation 6-1 thru 6-5Air Masses 9-1 thru 9-11

FM 1-230 Referencesfor tomorrowPressure 5-1 thru 5-7Atmospheric Circulation 6-6 thru 6-8

Safety FirstNothing we do is worth an accident.

STOPAbandon hope all ye who enter here You are entering the hidden slide Zone


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