Property Final Draft

8/18/2019 Property Final Draft

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DR. RAM MANOHAR LOHIYA NATIONAL

LAW UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW.

Session: 2015-2016

Subject : PROPERTY LAW - I

FINAL DRAFT

On

RIGHT TO MAINTENACE CAN NOT BE TRANSFERRED BUT

ARREAR OF MAINTENANCE CAN BE TRANSFERRED

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF: SUBMITTED BY:

Mr. RadheyShyam Prasad Shivam Kumar

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ssis!a"! Pr#$ess#r %&a'( B.. &&.B. %H#"s.(

DR. RM&N&U) &U*KNO+ SE*TION ,B- R# NO. /01

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped and supported me

during the writing of this project.

I would like to express my special thanks and gratitude to my teacher Mr.

RadheyShyam Prasad who gave me the golden opportunity to do this project

which also helped me in doing a lot of research work and I came to know about a

lot of new things.

I am really thankful to them.

Secondly I would also like to thank my friends who helped me a lot in finishing this

project within the limited time. I am making this project not only for marks but also

to increase my knowledge. Thanks again to all who helped me.

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- Shiv! "u!#

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Table of Contents

• The 2#"2e3! #$ Mai"!e"a"2e u"der I"dia" &a'..............................................4

• *#"di!i#"s $#r 2aimi"4 Mai"!e"a"2e.............................................................6

• Pers#"s e"!i!ed !# re2eive Mai"!e"a"2e.........................................................7

• Ri4h! #$ Mai"!e"a"2e u"der !he Tra"s$er #$ Pr#3er!y 2!) /550....................8

• Tra"s$er #$ Pr#3er!y: " I"!r#du2!i#".............................................................8

Su67Se2!i#" %Dd(: Mai"!e"a"2e.........................................................................../0

• Bi6i#4ra3hy..................................................................................................14

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The concept of Maintenance under Indian Law

Mai"!e"a"2e 'as re4arded as a du!y) a du!y #$ a Hi"du) +hi2h he #'ed !# his de3e"de"!

rea!i#"s a"d 6y 'hi2h 6#!h) !he 3ers#" a"d 3r#3er!y 'ere 6#u"d. There 'as a dis!i"2!i#"

6e!'ee" e4a a"d m#ra #6i4a!i#" !# 3ay mai"!e"a"2e. +he" i! 'as e4a) i! 'as 6i"di"4 eve" i$

!he 3ers#" did "#! have a"y 3r#3er!y) 6u! 'he" i! 'as m#ra a"d #3!i#"a8 i! 'as ma!!er #$

2#"s2ie"2e a"d 'as u"e"$#r2ea6e i" !he a' #$ 2#ur!s. H#'ever) #" !he dea!h #$ a Hi"du 'h#

had !he m#ra #6i4a!i#" !# 3ay mai"!e"a"2e) !he said m#ra #6i4a!i#" used !# 6e2#me

!ra"s$#rmed) i" ma9#ri!y #$ 2ases) i"!# a e4a #6i4a!i#". I! 2#ud !he" 6e e"$#r2ed a4ai"s! !he

3r#3er!y e$! 6y !he de2eased. Hi"du !he 3ri"2i3e u"deryi"4 su2h rue 'as !ha! !he heir #$ !he

de2eased !aes !he es!a!e "#! $#r his #'" 6e"e$i!) 6u! as# $#r !he s3iri!ua 6e"e$i! #$ !he 3ers#"

'h#se 3r#3er!y he i"heri!ed.

mae Hi"du 'as u"der !he #6i4a!i#" !# mai"!ai" his a4ed 3are"!s) u"married

dau4h!ers) e4i!ima!e s#"s a"d a 'i$e 'h# 'as 2has!e) 'he!her he 3#ssessed a"y 3r#3er!y #r "#!.

!h#u4h a Hi"du had "# married dau4h!er) 'he!her 'i"d#' #r #!her'ise 'as des!i!u!e 'as

u"a6e !# mai"!ai" herse$ $r#m !he s#ur2es #$ her hus6a"d #r a$!er !he dea!h #$ her $a!her) su2h

m#ra ri4h! #$ !he marria4e des!i!u!e dau4h!er used !# 2#"ver! i" !# a e4a ri4h! 'hi2h 2#ud 6e

e"$#r2ed a4ai"s! !he 3r#3er!y 'he!her se3ara!e #r 9#i"!) e$! 6y her $a!her. The 'id#'eddau4h!er7i"7a' had !he m#ra ri4h! !# 6e mai"!ai"ed 6y her $a!her7i"7a') !he m#ra ri4h! used !

ri3e" i" !# a e4a ri4h! a"d 'as e"$#r2ea6e a4ai"s! !he 3r#3er!y e$! 6y her $a!her7i"7 a'. The

3r#3er!y #$ a Hi"du i" !he ha"ds #$ his heirs 'as as# ia6e $#r !he mai" e"ha"2e #$ his 3re7

de2eased s#";s dau4h!er u"!i !heir marria4e a"d as# $#r 3r#vidi"4 reas#"a6e marria4e

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i$ she 'as "#! e"!i!e !# mai"!e"a"2e) 6u! i$ she had s!ayed 'i!h her 3aram#ur !i his dea!h a"d

!he 2#""e2!i#" had 6e2#me 3erma"e"! !he" eve" !he es!a!e #$ !ha! Hi"du i" !he ha"ds #$ his heirs

'as ia6e. H#'ever !he 2#"2u6i"e) #se her ri4h! #$ Mai"!e"a"2e #" her 6e2#mi"4 u"2has!e.

mem6er #$ !he $amiy 'h# 'as dis@uai$ied !# have a share i" !he 9#i"! $amiy 3r#3er!y 6e2ause

#$ his 6i"d"ess) dea$"ess) dum6"ess e!2) 'hi2h 'ere 2#"sidered as dis@uai$i2a!i#"s u"der !he

Hi"du a' #$ i" heri!a"2e) 'as e"!i!ed !# mai"!e"a"2e. The 'i$e a"d 2hidre" #$ su2h

dis@uai$ied heir 'ere as# e"!i!ed !# Mai"!e"a"2e. The ri4h! #$ mai"!e"a"2e 'as "#!

as2er!ai"ed) i@uida!ed #r s3e2i$ied !he" i! 'as "#! heri!a6e a"d !ra"s$era6e.

Thus A#i"! $amiy 3r#3er!y 'as as# ia6e $#r !he mai"!e"a"2e #$

every 2#3ar2e"er a"d his de3e"da"!s. The ri4h! #$ mai"!e"a"2e 'as a 3ers#" a"d "#"7

!ra"s$era6e. The ri4h! !# $u!ure mai"!e"a"2e 'as Su69e2! !# de6!s 'hi2h 'ere 3aya6e #u! #$ !he

3r#3er!y a4ai"s! 'hi2h !he ri4h! #$ mai"!e"a"2e 'as 6ei"4 e"$#r2ed. There 'as "# hard a"d $as!

rue !# de!ermi"e !he am#u"! #$ mai"!e"a"2e !# 6e a'arded !# a 3ers#" e"!i!ed !# i!) 6u! i!

de3e"ded u3#" a !he $a2!s #$ !he si!ua!i#". The #"y 3r#2edure #3e" !# re2#ver mai"!e"a"2e

'as !# i"s!i!u!e a sui!. The am#u"! #$ mai"!e"a"2e 2#ud 6e a!ered de3e"di"4 u3#" !he 2ha"4e

#$ 2ir2ums!a"2es. Re$usa !# mai"!ai" 'as 2#"sidered !# 6e a" #$$e"2e u"der Hi"du a'.

The 2#"2e3! #$ ,mai"!e"a"2e- i" I"dia is 2#vered 6#!h u"der Se2!i#"

/0 #$ !he *#de #$ *rimi"a Pr#2edure) /C1 %Se2!i#" /0( a"d !he 3ers#"a a's. This 2#"2e3!

$ur!her s!ems $r#m r!i2e /%1( rei"$#r2ed 6y r!i2e 1C #$ !he *#"s!i!u!i#" #$ I"dia) /C %!he

;*#"s!i!u!i#";(. U"der I"dia" a') !he !erm ,mai"!e"a"2e- i"2udes a" e"!i!eme"! !# $##d)

2#!hi"4 a"d she!er) 6ei"4 !y3i2ay avaia6e !# !he 'i$e) 2hidre" a"d 3are"!s. I! is a measure #$

s#2ia 9us!i2e a"d a" #u!2#me #$ !he "a!ura du!y #$ a ma" !# mai"!ai" his 'i$e) 2hidre" a"d

3are"!s) 'he" !hey are u"a6e !# mai"!ai" !hemseves./ The #69e2! #$ mai"!e"a"2e is !# 3reve"!

imm#rai!y a"d des!i!u!i#" a"d amei#ra!e !he e2#"#mi2 2#"di!i#" #$ '#me" a"d 2hidre".

1 Savitaben Somabhai Bhatiya v State of Gujarat an !ther" #2$$5%

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Mai"!e"a"2e 2a" 6e 2aimed u"der !he res3e2!ive 3ers#"a a's #$ 3e#3e $##'i"4 di$$ere"!

$ai!hs a"d 3r#2eedi"4s u"der su2h 3ers#"a a's are 2ivi i" "a!ure. Pr#2eedi"4s i"i!ia!ed u"der

Se2!i#" /0 h#'ever) are 2rimi"a 3r#2eedi"4s a"d) u"ie !he 3ers#"a a's) are #$ a summary

"a!ure a"d a33y !# every#"e re4ardess #$ 2as!e) 2reed #r rei4i#"0. The #69e2! #$ su2h

3r#2eedi"4s h#'ever) is "#! !# 3u"ish a 3ers#" $#r his 3as! "e4e2!. The said 3r#visi#" has 6ee"

e"a2!ed !# 3reve"! va4ra"2y 6y 2#m3ei"4 !h#se 'h# 2a" 3r#vide su33#r! !# !h#se 'h# are

u"a6e !# su33#r! !hemseves a"d have a m#ra 2aim !# su33#r! 1. Mai"!e"a"2e 2a" 6e 2aimed

ei!her a! !he i"!erim s!a4e) ie) duri"4 !he 3e"de"2y #$ 3r#2eedi"4s) #r !he $i"a s!a4e.

$on%itions &o# c'i!in( )intennce

U"der !he 3r#visi#"s #$ Se2!i#" /0) !he 6urde" ies u3#" !he 'i$e) ie) !he 2aima"!) !# 3r#ve !ha!

!he hus6a"d) ie) !he #!her 3ar!y) has ,su$$i2ie"! mea"s- a"d has ,"e4e2!ed #r re$used !# mai"!ai"-

her a"d !ha! she is ,u"a6e !# mai"!ai"- herse$.

I$ a" i"dividua is 2a3a6e #$ ear"i"4) irres3e2!ive #$ 'he!her he a2!uay has !he mea"s #r "#!) i!

2a" 6e 2#"2uded !ha! he has su$$i2ie"! mea"s. The #"us !he" shi$!s #"!# !he hus6a"d) !# 3r#ve

!ha! he d#es "#! have su$$i2ie"! mea"s !# 3r#vide !he mai"!e"a"2e.

The 3hrase ,u"a6e !# mai"!ai" herse$- is 'i!h re$ere"2e !# !he mea"s !ha! 'ere avaia6e !# !he

deser!ed 'i$e 'hie she 'as ivi"4 'i!h her hus6a"d. " a6a"d#"ed 'i$e #r div#r2ed '#ma"

"eed "#! 6e redu2ed !# a des!i!u!e s!a!e 6e$#re $ii"4 $#r mai"!e"a"2e $#r herse$ a"d her 2hidre".

The !es! is 'he!her !he '#ma" is i" a 3#si!i#" !# mai"!ai" herse$ i" a simiar ma""er as i" her

hus6a"d-s h#me.

2 &oh 'hme (han v Shah Bano Begum an !ther" #1)85%

3 *haturbhuj v Sita Bai #2$$8%

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Pe#sons entit'e% to #eceive )intennce

Mai"!e"a"2e may 6e 4ra"!ed !# de3e"de"! 2hidre") 3are"!s a"d e4ay 'edded 'ives) i"2udi"4

6u! "#! imi!ed !# a div#r2ed s3#use) mis!ress) ie4i!ima!e 2hidre") e!2.

I" 2er!ai" 2ases u"der 3ers#"a a') !he I"dia" 2#ur!s have ad#3!ed a e"ie"! vie' a"d 4ra"!ed

!he hus6a"d !he ri4h! !# re2eive mai"!e"a"2e. Su2h ri4h! h#'ever) is 2#"di!i#"a a"d !y3i2ay

2#"$erred u3#" !he hus6a"d) #"y i$ he is i"2a3a2i!a!ed due !# s#me a22ide"! #r disease a"dre"dered i"2a3a6e #$ ear"i"4 a iveih##d. Su2h a" e"!i!eme"! is "#! avaia6e !# a" a6e 3ers#")

d#i"4 "#!hi"4 $#r a ivi"4 #r a ,'as!re-.

The remedy u"der Se2!i#" /0 is s3eedy a"d i"e


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R!h" #$ Ma%"e%a%&e '%der "he Tra%s$er #$ Pr#(er"y A&", )**+

The '#rd ,3r#3er!y- mea"s !he ri4h! a"d i"!eres! 'hi2h a ma" has i" a"ds a"d 2ha!!es !# !he

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'#rd 2#"veysG i" Se2!i#" #$ !he I"dia" 2! is used i" !he 'ider se"se re$erred !# a6#ve.

Tra"s$er#r mus! have a" i"!eres! i" !he 3r#3er!y. He 2a""#! sever himse$ $r#m i! a"d ye! 2#"vey

i!.J ease 2#mes 'i!hi" !he mea"i"4 #$ !he '#rd !ra"s$erG.

The '#rds ivi"4 3ers#"G e


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i" a 3r#3er!y '#ud mea" 3ar!ia #r imi!ed i"!eres!. I" Su"i Sidhar!h6ai v. *#mmissi#"er #$

I"2#me Ta


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*#de as !# !he 3r#3er!y 'hi2h 2a""#! 6e a!!a2hed i" !he e


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*ause %h( Na!ure #$ i"!eres!) u"a'$u #69e2!) dis@uai$i2a!i#" #$ !ra"s$eree. This2ause deas

'i!h !hree 2ases. I! says "# !ra"s$er 2a" 6e made:

%i( i" s# $ar as i! is #33#sed !# !he "a!ure #$ !he i"!eres! a$$e2!ed !here6y8 #r

%ii( $#r a" u"a'$u #69e2! #r 2#"sidera!i#" 'i!hi" mea"i"4 #$ se2!i#" 01#$ I"dia" *#"!ra2! 2!)

/508 #r

%iii(!# a 3ers#" e4ay dis@uai$ied !# 6e !ra"s$eree.

*ause %i( U"!ra"s$era6e i"!eres!s

This 2ause rem#ves d#u6!s re4ardi"4 !he "#"7!ra"s$era6ii!y #$ #22u3a"2y ri4h!s. U"der

!his 2ause) a"y !e"a"! havi"4 a" !ra"s$era6e ri4h! #$ #22u3a"2y 2a""#! !ra"s$er his

i"!eres! as su2h !e"a"!. The $armer #$ a" es!a!e i" res3e2! #$ 'hi2h de$au! !has 6ee"

made i" 3ayi"4 reve"ue 2a""#! !ra"s$er his i"!eres! as su2h $armer a"d !he essee #$ a"

es!a!e u"der !he ma"a4eme"! #$ !he *#ur! #$ +ards 2a""#! assi4" his i"!eres! as su2h

essee !# a"y #!her 3ers#".

Sub;Se,tion #:%< &aintenan,e

ri4h! !# $u!ure mai"!e"a"2e is s#ey $#r !he 3ers#"a 6e"e$i! #$ !he 3ers#" !# 'h#m i! is

4ra"!ed a"d) !here$#re) 2a""#! 6e !ra"s$erred. Be$#re !he i"ser!i#" #$ !his Su67se2!i#" i" /C0C)

!here 'as a 2#"$i2! #$ #3i"i#" 'he!her !he ri4h! !# $u!ure mai"!e"a"2e 'he" i! 'as $i


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The ri4h! #$ a Hi"du 'id#' !# mai"!e"a"2e is a 3ers#"a ri4h! a"d $r#m i!s "a!ure i"2a3a6e #$

assi4"me"!/58 6u! arrears #$ mai"!e"a"2e 2a" 6e a!!a2hed a"d s#d ie a"y #!her de6!/C. The

i"!eres! #$ a Hi"du 'id#' i" a"d 'hi2h has 6ee" a#!!ed !# her $#r her mai"!e"a"2e is "#!

3r#3er!y 'hi2h 2a" 6e a!!a2hed0. Bu! i$ a"d is assi4"ed !# a Hi"du 'id#' i" ieu #$

mai"!e"a"2e) !he !ra"s$er #$ su2h a"d is "#! a !ra"s$er #$ a ri4h! #$ mai"!e"a"2e a"d is vaid

duri"4 !he 'id#'-s i$e!ime0/. +he" via4es 'ere a#!!ed !# a 3ers#") u"der a 2#m3r#mise) $#r

his mai"!e"a"2e a"d 'i!h#u! 3#'er #$ !ra"s$er duri"4 his 6r#!her-s i$e!ime) !he Privy *#u"2i

hed !ha! his i"!eres! 'as a ri4h! #$ $u!ure mai"!e"a"2e a"d 2#ud "#! 6e a!!a2hed 00) 6u! a#'ed a

re2eiver !# 6e a33#i"!ed !# reaiLe !he re"!s a"d 3ay !here#u! 'ha! 'as su$$i2ie"! $#r !he

mai"!e"a"2e #$ !he 9ud4emem!7de6!#r a"d !he 6aa"2e !# his 2redi!#rs.

+here) h#'ever) a Mah#mede" 'id#' re!ai"s 3#ssessi#" #$ 3r#3er!y i" ieu #$ her d#'er de6!) she 2a""#! !ra"s$er !he 3r#3er!y eve" duri"4 her i$e!ime.

heredi!ary 4ra"! #$ a" a#'a"2e #$ 3addy #u! #$ !he me'aram #$ a"d is "#! a ri4h! #$

$u!ure mai"!e"a"2e01. >ra"!s #u! #$ !he reve"ue #$ a" im3ar!i6e es!a!e $#r !he 2ade!s #$ !he

$amiy are aiea"a6e 'i!h a reversi#" !# !he 4ra"!#r #" !he dea!h #$ !he as! mae heir 0 .

18 ana *han v. (i"han *han #1)$$% P... 2$)

1) (a"hee"huree v. Gree"h *huner #1866% 6 >.. &i",. 64

2$ :iai v. '0aji #1886% 1$ Bom. 342

21 :hu0 ath v. am *harritra #1)32% 54 '. 366

22 ajinra v. Sunara BiBi #1)25% 47 '. 385-52

23 aiyanatha v. ggia #1)$7% 3$ &a. 27)

24 :urgaut v. ame"har #1)$)% 36 *a. )43

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Bibiogra0hy

• Mua) The Tra"s$er #$ Pr#3er!y 2!) C !h Ed.) &e

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Property Final Draft