Properties of MatterProperties of Matter

Properties of matter describe matter. Properties of matter describe matter. Example might be its color, Example might be its color, hardness, shape, etc.hardness, shape, etc.

What properties can you think of to What properties can you think of to describe matter?describe matter?

All matter can change properties. All matter can change properties. For example Water can go from ice, For example Water can go from ice, to liquid form, and then to steam or to liquid form, and then to steam or water vapor.water vapor.

Characteristic PropertiesCharacteristic Properties Characteristic Properties are those Characteristic Properties are those

properties that hold true for a particular properties that hold true for a particular kind of substance or element and they kind of substance or element and they never change. This is why they are great never change. This is why they are great to use to identify substance, such as to use to identify substance, such as sulfur (think smell and color). sulfur (think smell and color).

Example would be diamonds, which are Example would be diamonds, which are made from the element Carbon. All made from the element Carbon. All diamonds share the characteristic diamonds share the characteristic property of being one of the hardest property of being one of the hardest substances we know of.substances we know of.

Characteristic Properties Characteristic Properties Boiling PointBoiling Point

Boiling point is what Boiling point is what temperature a liquid temperature a liquid boils at.boils at.

Each liquid has a Each liquid has a certain boiling point, certain boiling point, thus this characteristic thus this characteristic is used to help identify is used to help identify different liquids.different liquids.

Example would be Example would be water that boils at 100 water that boils at 100 degree Celsius.degree Celsius.

Melting PointMelting Point Melting Point is the Melting Point is the

temperature at which a temperature at which a solid will melt.solid will melt.

Each solid has a certain Each solid has a certain melting point, thus this melting point, thus this characteristic is used to characteristic is used to help identify different help identify different solids.solids.

Example would be ice Example would be ice melts at 0 degree melts at 0 degree CelsiusCelsius

• Many substance share similar characteristics such as boiling point, melting point, color, etc… Thus, usually you need to look at more than one characteristic property to accurately identify a substance.

Changes in MatterChanges in Matter

Physical ChangesPhysical Changes Physical changes alter Physical changes alter

the form of a the form of a substance, but doesn’t substance, but doesn’t change it identity or change it identity or what it is.what it is.

Example of Physical Example of Physical Change is water from Change is water from ice to liquid to water ice to liquid to water vapor or steam. Water vapor or steam. Water still holds its identity as still holds its identity as water, but has a water, but has a different form.different form.

Boiling or melting are Boiling or melting are examples of physical examples of physical change.change.

Can you think of other Can you think of other examples of physical examples of physical change?change?

Chemical ChangesChemical Changes In a chemical change In a chemical change

one or more substance one or more substance breaks apart or breaks apart or combines to form a combines to form a new substance.new substance.

This is what happens This is what happens when a chemical when a chemical compound is formed.compound is formed.

Heat a lot of the time is Heat a lot of the time is involved with chemical involved with chemical changes.changes.

Two example of Two example of chemical change would chemical change would be wood burning and be wood burning and Iron reacting with the Iron reacting with the Oxygen and Water in Oxygen and Water in the air producing rust.the air producing rust.

SolidSolid

Solid has a definite volume (the Solid has a definite volume (the amount of space that matter amount of space that matter occupies) and a definite shape. occupies) and a definite shape.

This is because the particles in a This is because the particles in a solid are packed tightly together and solid are packed tightly together and stay in fixed positions. stay in fixed positions.

Two types of Solids: Crystalline Two types of Solids: Crystalline Solids and amorphous solid.Solids and amorphous solid.

SolidSolidTwo types of Solids: Crystalline Solids and amorphous Two types of Solids: Crystalline Solids and amorphous

solid.solid.

Crystalline SolidCrystalline Solid Crystalline Solids Crystalline Solids

have a regular have a regular repeating pattern, repeating pattern, which form crystals.which form crystals.

Example would by Example would by salt, sugar, snow, salt, sugar, snow, etc…etc…

Has a distinct, Has a distinct, characteristic characteristic melting point.melting point.

Amorphous SolidAmorphous Solid Amorphous Solids Amorphous Solids

have no regular have no regular pattern. pattern.

Examples would be Examples would be plastic, rubber, plastic, rubber, glass, etc…glass, etc…

Doesn’t have a Doesn’t have a melting point, the melting point, the solid just becomes solid just becomes softer and softer.softer and softer.

LiquidLiquid Liquid had no shape and takes on the shape of its Liquid had no shape and takes on the shape of its

container.container. The reason for no shape is the particles are free to The reason for no shape is the particles are free to

move, however it does have a definite volume.move, however it does have a definite volume. Liquids don’t like to compress meaning their volume Liquids don’t like to compress meaning their volume

doesn’t change even though their shape might.doesn’t change even though their shape might. Particles in a liquid are free to move around, this is Particles in a liquid are free to move around, this is

called fluid.called fluid. The resistance of the particles to flow is called The resistance of the particles to flow is called

viscosity. Thus a liquid is said to have high viscosity viscosity. Thus a liquid is said to have high viscosity when it doesn’t flow or move very fast and said to when it doesn’t flow or move very fast and said to have low viscosity when it flows fast. You use this have low viscosity when it flows fast. You use this word with describing volcanic lavas.word with describing volcanic lavas.

GasGas

Gas can change volume and has no Gas can change volume and has no definite shape. definite shape.

Thus volume and shape of a Thus volume and shape of a container is the volume and shape of container is the volume and shape of a gas.a gas.

Gas particles spread apart, filling Gas particles spread apart, filling the space available to them.the space available to them.