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16.362 Signal and System I roperties of discrete-time Fourier transform (1) Linearity ] [ n x ] [ n y ) ( j e X ) ( j e Y ] [ ] [ ] [ n By n Ax n z ) ( ) ( ) ( j j j e BY e AX e Z 2 0 ) ( 2 1 ] [ d e e X n x n j j n n j j e n x e X ] [ ) (

Properties of discrete-time Fourier transform

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Properties of discrete-time Fourier transform. (1) Linearity. (2) Time shifting. (3) Time reversal. (4) Time scaling. if n is a multiple of k. otherwise. (4) Time scaling. clear; clf ; N = 5; x(1:N) = 1; r = 3; Gn = floor(N/r); for k = 1:N*r gn = floor(k/r); if k/r == gn - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I • Properties of discrete-time Fourier transform

][nx

(1) Linearity

][ny

)( jeX

)( jeY

][][][ nBynAxnz )()()( jjj eBYeAXeZ

2

0)(

2

1][ deeXnx njj

n

njj enxeX ][)(

Page 2: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I

][ 0nnx

(2) Time shifting

0)( njj eeX

(3) Time reversal

][ nx

)( )( jeX

2

0)(

2

1][ deeXnx njj

n

njj enxeX ][)(

'

')(

))((

]'[

][

][)('

n

nj

n

nj

n

njj

enx

enx

enxeX

Page 3: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I

0

]/[][' )(

knxnx k

(4) Time scaling

jkeX

2

0)(

2

1][ deeXnx njj

n

njj enxeX ][)(

if n is a multiple of k

otherwise

m

mkj

n

njk

j

emx

enxeX

][

][')(' )(

jkj eXeG

Page 4: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I (4) Time scaling

2

0)(

2

1][ deeXnx njj

n

njj enxeX ][)(

Page 5: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

clear;clf;N = 5;x(1:N) = 1;r = 3;Gn = floor(N/r);for k = 1:N*r gn = floor(k/r); if k/r == gn g(k) = x(gn); else g(k) = 0; endendod = 0.001*2*pi;omega = -2*2*pi*r:od*r:2*2*pi*r;for m = 1:length(omega) X(m) = 0; G(m) = 0; for n=1:length(x) X(m) = X(m)+x(n)*exp(-j*omega(m)*n); end for nn=1:length(g) G(m) = G(m)+g(nn)*exp(-j*omega(m)*nn); endendomegap = -2*2*pi:od:2*2*pi;for m = 1:length(omegap) Gp(m) = X(m);end

plot(omega/(pi), abs(X));zoom on;hold on;plot(omega/(pi), abs(G),'r');hold off;figure(2)stem(x);hold on;stem(g, 'r');hold off;zoom on;figure(3)plot(omega/(pi), abs(X));zoom on;hold on;plot(omegap/(pi), abs(Gp),'g');hold off;

Page 6: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I

(4) Time scaling

2

0)(

2

1][ deeXnx njj

n

njj enxeX ][)(

][][ rnxng r is an integer

1

0

2*

2

0

1

0

'

2

0

)'('

2

0

''

)(1

)2*

'(')(

2

1')(

')(2

1

][)(

r

k

r

kj

r

k

j

n

nrjj

n

rnjjnj

n

njj

eXr

r

kdeX

edeX

deeXe

ernxeG

Page 7: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I (4) Time scaling

2

0)(

2

1][ deeXnx njj

n

njj enxeX ][)(

Page 8: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I (4) Time scaling

2

0)(

2

1][ deeXnx njj

n

njj enxeX ][)(

Page 9: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I clear;clf;N = 10;x(1:N) = 1;r = 3;Gn = floor(N/r);for k = 1:Gn g(k) = x(r*k);endod = 0.001*2*pi;omega = -2*2*pi:od:2*2*pi;for m = 1:length(omega) X(m) = 0; G(m) = 0; for n=1:length(x) X(m) = X(m)+x(n)*exp(-j*omega(m)*n); end for nn=1:length(g) G(m) = G(m)+g(nn)*exp(-j*omega(m)*nn); endendodp = od*2;omegap = -2*2*pi:odp:2*2*pi;for m = 1:length(omegap) Gp(m) = 0; for k = 0:r-1 sm =floor((omegap(m)/r+(2*pi/r)*k+2*2*pi)/od+1); Gp(m) = Gp(m)+X(sm); end Gp(m) = Gp(m)/r;end

plot(omega/(pi), abs(X));zoom on;hold on;plot(omega/(pi), abs(G),'r');hold off;figure(2)stem(x);hold on;stem(g, 'r');hold off;zoom on;figure(3)plot(omega/(pi), abs(X));zoom on;hold on;plot(omegap/(pi), abs(Gp),'g');hold off;

Page 10: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I

(5) Conjugation and conjugate summary

][nx

)(tx Real

)()( txtx )()( jj eXeX

2

0)(

2

1][ deeXnx njj

n

njj enxeX ][)(

)(

][

][

][)('

)(

j

n

nj

n

nj

n

njj

eX

enx

enx

enxeX

)()( jj eXeX

Page 11: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I Differentiation in Frequency

][nx )( jeX

][

)(2

)(2

1

)(

2

1

)(2

1][

2

0

2

0

2

0

2

0

njnx

deeXjn

edXe

ded

edX

deeGng

njj

jnj

njj

njj

d

edXeG

jj )()(

d

edXjnnx

j )(][

Page 12: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I Differentiation in Frequency

][nx )( jeX

][)1(

)(2

)1(

)(2

1

)(

2

1

)(2

1][

2

0

2

0

)1(

2

0

2

0

nxnj

deeXnj

eeXde

ded

eedXe

deeGng

njj

jjnj

njjj

j

njj

d

edXeG

jj )()(

d

eedXjenxn

jjj )(

][)1(

Page 13: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I Differentiation in Frequency

][nx )( jeX

][)1(

)(2

)1(

)(

2

)1(

)(

2

1

)(

2

1

)(2

1][

2

2

0

)1(

2

0

)1(

2

0

)1(

2

0 2

2

2

0

nxn

eeXdenj

ded

eedXnj

d

eedXde

ded

eeXde

deeGng

jjnj

njjj

jjnj

njjj

j

njj

d

edXeG

jj )()(

2

2 )(][)1(

d

eeXdenxn

jjj

Page 14: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I Parseval’s Relation

][nx )( jeX

2

0

2

2

0

2

0

'

)'(2

0

2

0

'

2

0

''2

0

2

)(2

1

)'(2)(2

1)(

2

1

)(2

1)(

2

1

)(2

1)(

2

1

][][][

deX

deXdeX

edeXdeX

deeXdeeX

nxnxnx

j

jj

n

njjj

njj

n

njj

nn

2

0

22)(

2

1][ deXnx j

n

Page 15: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I The convolution property

][nx

)( jeH][nh

)( jeX

)()()( jjj eHeXeY ][][][ nhnxny

Example #1

][][ 0nnnh

0

][)(

nj

n

njj

e

enheH

)(

)()()(0

jnj

jjj

eXe

eHeXeY

][

][][

][)(

][][][

0

0

nnx

knxnk

knxkh

nhnxny

k

k

Page 16: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I Example #2

][][ nunh n

jj

jjj

ee

eHeXeY

11

1

)()()(

1

][][ nunx n ?][ ny][nh

][][ nunx n

jj

eeX

1

1)(

1

1

][][ nunh n 1

jj

eeH

1

1)(

When

jj

j

jj

jj

ee

e

ee

eeY

11

1

11

11)(

Page 17: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I Example #2

][][ nunh n 1

][][ nunx n ?][ ny][nh

][][ nunx n

jj

eeX

1

1)(

1

1

][][ nunh n 1

jj

eeH

1

1)(

When

jjj

eeeY

11

1)(][][][ nununy nn

Page 18: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I Example #2

][][ nunh n 1

][][ nunx n ?][ ny][nh

][][ nunx n

jj

eeX

1

1)(

1

1

][][ nunh n 1

jj

eeH

1

1)(

When

]1[1

1

1

2

1)1(

1

1

2

1

1

1

2

1][

2

0

)1(

2

0

)1(

2

0

nxn

de

enjj

ede

j

deed

dej

ny

jnj

jnj

njj

j

jj

j

j

ed

dej

eeY

1

1

1

1)( 2

]1[)1(][ nunny n

Page 19: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I The multiplication property

][nx

)( jeY][ny

)( jeX

][][][ nynxnz

2

0

)'('

2

0

''2

0

'

)'''(2

0

''2

0

'

2

0

''''2

0

''

')()(2

1

)'''(2'')(2

1')(

2

1

'')(2

1')(

2

1

'')(2

1')(

2

1

][][

][)(

deYeX

deYdeX

edeYdeX

edeeYdeeX

enynx

enzeZ

jj

jj

n

njjj

n

njnjjnjj

n

nj

n

njj

2

0

)'(' ')()(2

1)( deYeXeZ jjj

Page 20: Properties of discrete-time  Fourier  transform

16.362 Signal and System I The multiplication property, discrete-time

][nx

)( jeY][ny

)( jeX

][][][ nynxnz

2

0

)'(' ')()(2

1)( deYeXeZ jjj

The multiplication property, continuous-time

111 ))(()(

2

1)(

djYjXjZ)()()( tytxtz