Properties

electrolytes

turn litmus red

sour taste

react with metals to form H2 gas

slippery feel

turn litmus blue

bitter taste

ChemASAP

vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits

ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda

electrolytes

Definitions

In aqueous solution…In aqueous solution…

HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl– AcidsAcids dissociate into hydronium ions (H3O+)

H

HH H H

H

ClClO O

–+

acidCourtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

Definitions

In aqueous solution…In aqueous solution…

BasesBases dissociate into hydroxide ions (OH-)

NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-

H

H

HH H

H

N NO O–+

H

H

H H

baseCourtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

Common AcidsSulfuric Acid H2SO4

Nitric Acid HNO3

Phosphoric Acid H3PO4

Hydrochloric Acid HCl

Acetic Acid CH3COOH

Carbonic Acid H2CO3

Battery acid

To make fertilizersand explosives

Food flavoring

Stomach acid

Vinegar

Carbonated water

Common Bases

Sodium hydroxide NaOH lye or caustic soda

Potassium hydroxide KOH lye or caustic potash

Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 milk of magnesia

Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 slaked lime

Ammonia water NH3 H2O household ammonia

Name Formula Common Name

.NH4OH

NH41+ + OH1-

ammonium hydroxide

Strong vs. Weak

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 508

Acid-Base Neutralization

1+ 1-

+ +

Hydronium ion Hydroxide ion WaterH3O+ OH- H2O

Water

H2O

Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter 3rd Edition, page 584

Neutralization of Bug Bites

Wasp - stings with base

(neutralize with lemon juice or vinegar)

Red Ant - bites with acid

(neutralize with baking soda)

Neutralization

ACID + BASE ACID + BASE SALT + WATER SALT + WATER

HCl + NaOH HCl + NaOH NaCl + H NaCl + H22OO

HCHC22HH33OO22 + NaOH + NaOH NaC NaC22HH33OO22 + H + H22OOweak

strong strong

strong

salt

salt

Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem