Properties and Changes in Matter

• Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter that is present.

• volume

• mass

• the amount of energy in a substance.

Section 2 Matter and Its PropertiesChapter 1

Properties and Changes in Matter

• Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter present.

• melting point

• boiling point

• density

• ability to conduct electricity

• ability to transfer energy as heat

Section 2 Matter and Its PropertiesChapter 1

Click below to watch the Visual Concept.

Visual Concept

Chapter 1

Comparing Extensive and Intensive Properties

Section 2 Matter and Its Properties

Physical Properties and Physical Changes

• A physical property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.

• melting point and boiling point

• A physical change is a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance.

• grinding, cutting, melting, and boiling

Section 2 Matter and Its PropertiesChapter 1

Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes

• A chemical property relates to a substance’s ability

to undergo changes that transform it into different

substances

• A change in which one or more substances are

converted into different substances is called a

chemical change or chemical reaction.

Section 2 Matter and Its PropertiesChapter 1

Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes, continued

• The products are the substances that are formed by

the chemical change.

Section 2 Matter and Its PropertiesChapter 1

reactants product

• The reactants are the substances that react in a

chemical change.

Carbon plus oxygen yields (or forms) carbon dioxide.

carbon + oxygen carbon dioxide

Evidence of a Chemical Change

Section 2 Matter and Its PropertiesChapter 1

Section 3 ElementsChapter 1

Regions of the Periodic Table

Introduction to the Periodic Table

• The vertical columns of the periodic table are called

groups, or families. • Each group contains elements with similar

chemical properties.

• The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table

are called periods. • Physical and chemical properties change

somewhat regularly across a period.

Section 3 ElementsChapter 1

Types of Elements Metals

• A metal is an element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor.

• Properties of metals

• most are solids at room temperature

• malleable - they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets

• ductile - they can be drawn into a fine wire

• conduct electricity and heat well

Section 3 ElementsChapter 1

Types of Elements

• Gold, copper, and aluminum are metals

Section 3 ElementsChapter 1

Types of Elements

Nonmetals • A nonmetal is an element that is a poor conductor of

heat and electricity.

• Properties of nonmetals

• many are gases

• solids are brittle

• poor conductors of heat and electricity

Section 3 ElementsChapter 1

Types of Elements

• Various nonmetal elements (a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine

Section 3 ElementsChapter 1

Types of Elements

Metalloids • A metalloid is an element that has some

characteristics of metals and some characteristics of

nonmetals.

• Properties of metalloids• all metalloids are solids at room temperature• semiconductors of electricity

Section 3 ElementsChapter 1

Types of Elements

Noble Gases

Section 3 ElementsChapter 1

• elements in Group 18 of the periodic table• generally unreactive• gases at room temperature

Short Answer

11. In trying to identify a sample of a pure substance, we observe the following properties. Tell whether each one is a chemical property or a physical property.

A. Its mass is 124.3 g.

B. It is a shiny solid at room temperature.

C. It is easily etched by nitric acid.

D. It melts when heated to 670°C.

E. It is 31.7 centimeters long.

F. It is a good heat conductor.

G. It burns in air.

H. It is a good conductor of electrical energy.

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 1

11. In trying to identify a sample of a pure substance, we observe the following properties. Tell whether each one is a chemical property or a physical property.

A. Its mass is 124.3 g. physical property

B. It is a shiny solid at room temperature. physical

property

C. It is easily etched by nitric acid. chemical

property

D. It melts when heated to 670°C. physical

property

E. It is 31.7 centimeters long. physical

property

F. It is a good heat conductor. physical property

G. It burns in air. chemical

property

H. It is a good conductor of electrical energy. physical

property

Short Answer

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 1

Extended Response

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 1

13. Describe general properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

13. Describe general properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

Answer: metals: shiny; good conductors of heat; good conductors of electricity; malleable or ductile; most are solids at room temperature

nonmetals: poor conductors of heat; poor conductors of electricity; many are gases at room temperature; those that are solids are brittle rather than malleable or ductile

metalloids: properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals; less malleable than metals but not as brittle as solid nonmetals; most are semiconductors of electricity

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 1

Extended Response