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Propagation delay in digital gates ESE 314 / Fall 2012 / Lecture 10 Let’s first take a look at simple switched capacitor network 1

Propagation delay in digital gates

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Page 1: Propagation delay in digital gates

Propagation delay in digital gates

ESE 314 / Fall 2012 / Lecture 10

Let’s first take a look at simple switched capacitor network

1

Page 2: Propagation delay in digital gates

Propagation delay in inverter

Consider ideal (zero rise/fall times) input signal

Definition of inverter propagation delay

Clearly, minimum clock period:

And, hence, maximum clock frequency:q y

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Page 3: Propagation delay in digital gates

Power dissipation

Total power dissipated:

major part

Power‐delay product:Power delay product:

For CMOS inverter operating at This is energy that is being For CMOS inverter operating at maximum clock frequency:

dissipated when output switches high‐low or low‐high:

Power‐delay product decreases when VDD is reduced.What about maximum operation clock?What about maximum operation clock?

Energy‐delay product:

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Page 4: Propagation delay in digital gates

Let’s first compute tPHLStill assume zero rise time of input pulse.

Expected V (t)Expected VOUT(t).

NMOS output IVp

hence

VTDD

DD VV2

V

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Page 5: Propagation delay in digital gates

Let’s first compute tPHLApproximate analysis

4A

Page 6: Propagation delay in digital gates

Let’s estimate tPLH

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Page 7: Propagation delay in digital gates

MOSFET capacitances revisited

Internal (fundamental)

Linear regime:

Saturation:

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Page 8: Propagation delay in digital gates

MOSFET capacitances revisited

External (parasitic)

External and internal capacitances are in parallel. 

6A

Page 9: Propagation delay in digital gates

Dynamic operation of CMOS inverter

Propagation delay tP is determined when inverter drives identical inverter.

Equivalent load capacitance

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Page 10: Propagation delay in digital gates

Another popular way of estimation of propagation delay

Equivalently

RON – nonlinear resistor, depends on VOUT , i.e. on time

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Page 11: Propagation delay in digital gates

Carrier velocity saturation in MOSFET channel

8A

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Intrinsic Delay

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Inverter Propagation Delay

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