Promotion of the FMSP Fishery Management and Stock Assessment Guides Part 1. The ‘Managers Guide’ Presented at: CRFM 2 nd Annual Science Conference Trinidad

Promotion of the FMSP Fishery ManagementPromotion of the FMSP Fishery Management and Stock Assessment Guides and Stock Assessment Guides

Part 1. The ‘Managers Guide’Part 1. The ‘Managers Guide’

Presented at:Presented at:

CRFM 2CRFM 2ndnd Annual Science Conference Annual Science Conference

Trinidad and Tobago, March 2006Trinidad and Tobago, March 2006

By Dan Hoggarth, By Dan Hoggarth, Scales Consulting LtdScales Consulting Ltd

BackgroundBackground

Funding from Fisheries Management Science Programme (FMSP) Funding from Fisheries Management Science Programme (FMSP)

of the UK Department for International Development (DFID)of the UK Department for International Development (DFID)

New guides developed by FMSP Project R8468 to develop capacity for the use New guides developed by FMSP Project R8468 to develop capacity for the use of existing FMSP stock assessment tools and management guidelines – of existing FMSP stock assessment tools and management guidelines – especially CEDA, LFDA, Yield and ParFishespecially CEDA, LFDA, Yield and ParFish

Developed as a collaboration between fisheries scientists (MRAG, Scales etc), Developed as a collaboration between fisheries scientists (MRAG, Scales etc), educators (UK Field Studies Council, Indian Centre for Environmental educators (UK Field Studies Council, Indian Centre for Environmental Education), and with input from potential users in India and CRFMEducation), and with input from potential users in India and CRFM

Guides build on discussions at 2005 CRFM Ad Hoc Methods ‘Communications’ Guides build on discussions at 2005 CRFM Ad Hoc Methods ‘Communications’ WG, re ‘unpacking’ of management objectivesWG, re ‘unpacking’ of management objectives

Objective to develop a simple, clear process, promoting the adoption of a Objective to develop a simple, clear process, promoting the adoption of a science-based framework for objectives-based managementscience-based framework for objectives-based management

FMSP Stock Assessment GuidelinesFMSP Stock Assessment Guidelines

Two part set from project R8468:Two part set from project R8468:I. I. How to manage a fishery – A simple guide to writing a fishery How to manage a fishery – A simple guide to writing a fishery management plan (the ‘Managers’ Guide’)management plan (the ‘Managers’ Guide’)

II. II. A guide to fisheries stock assessment using the FMSP toolsA guide to fisheries stock assessment using the FMSP tools

More detailed technical guide from project R8360:More detailed technical guide from project R8360:• FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 487. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 487.

Stock assessment for Fishery Management. A framework Stock assessment for Fishery Management. A framework

guide to the use of the FMSP stock assessment tools.guide to the use of the FMSP stock assessment tools.

Free downloads available as PDF filesFree downloads available as PDF files• from FMSP website (from FMSP website (www.fmsp.org.ukwww.fmsp.org.uk, on project R8468 page), , on project R8468 page),

• and from FAO website, oneFish etc.and from FAO website, oneFish etc.

http://www.fmsp.org.uk/

The new international legal regimeThe new international legal regime

1992 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity Convention on Biological Diversity

Chapter 17 of UNCED’s Agenda 21 Chapter 17 of UNCED’s Agenda 21

1995 1995 UN ‘Fish Stocks Agreement’ UN ‘Fish Stocks Agreement’

1995 1995 FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries

2002 2002 Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) Development (WSSD)

Require Require management planningmanagement planning, , precautionary approachprecautionary approach etc etc

Status of 1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement (as at 16 Sep 2005)Status of 1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement (as at 16 Sep 2005)

Antigua and BarbudaAntigua and Barbuda

BahamasBahamas RatifiedRatified 19971997

BarbadosBarbados RatifiedRatified 20002000

BelizeBelize Signed and ratifiedSigned and ratified 20052005

CubaCuba

DominicaDominica

Dominican RepublicDominican Republic

GuyanaGuyana

HaitiHaiti

JamaicaJamaica SignedSigned

St Kitts and NevisSt Kitts and Nevis

St LuciaSt Lucia Signed and ratifiedSigned and ratified 19961996

St Vincent and the GrenadinesSt Vincent and the Grenadines

SurinameSuriname

Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago

UK (on behalf of overseas territories)UK (on behalf of overseas territories) Signed and ratifiedSigned and ratified 20012001

The ‘Managers Guide’ - Table of ContentsThe ‘Managers Guide’ - Table of Contents

Preface, Preface, Introduction…Introduction…

Phase I.Phase I. Preparing to write your management plan – Preparing to write your management plan – Where are you now?Where are you now?

Stages 1 – 4Stages 1 – 4

Phase II. Phase II. Developing the management plan – Developing the management plan – Where do you want to be?Where do you want to be?

Stages 5 – 8Stages 5 – 8

Phase III.Phase III. Developing the management plan – Developing the management plan – How are you going to get there?How are you going to get there?

Stages 9 – 11 Stages 9 – 11

Phase IV.Phase IV. Planning to implement, evaluate and review the management plan -Planning to implement, evaluate and review the management plan -

How will you know you are there?How will you know you are there? Stage 12 – 14 Stage 12 – 14

Annex 1.Annex 1. Glossary of termsGlossary of terms

Annex 2. Annex 2. Links to useful internet sitesLinks to useful internet sites

Annex 3. Annex 3. Example management plans for different goals and objectives.Example management plans for different goals and objectives.

Phases in the management planning processPhases in the management planning process

Phase I

Where are you now?

Phase II

Where do you want to be?

Phase III

How are you going to get there?

Time

Phase IV

How will you know you are there?

Plan

Do

Review

New plan

Do

ReviewNew plan

etc

Phase Stage

I. Preparation for developing the management planWhere are you Now?

1 Define Define the fishery your management plan is for

2 Stakeholder analysis Carry out a stakeholder analysis and decide how you are going to involve the stakeholders

3 Situation analysis Carry out a situation analysis and list the problems faced by your fishery

4 Management approach Decide on your management approach

II. Developing the management planWhere do you want to be?

5 PurposeAgree the overall purpose of your plan

6 GoalsDecide on the biological, ecological, social and economic goals needed to achieve your purpose

7 ObjectivesDefine objectives for each goal

8 Management standardsAgree the management standards – the reference points and indicators for each objective. In other words – what and how you are going to measure to show that you are achieving your objectives

III. Developing the management planHow are you going to get there?

9 Management measuresDecide the management measures – in other words, the actions - you are going to take to achieve the objectives

10 Control rulesAgree a set of decision control rules stating which measures and which levels of measures will be applied depending on the status of the fishery

11 ResourcesDecide what resources you will need to put your plan into action

IV. Planning for implementing, monitoring and reviewing the management plan How will you know you are there?

12 ImplementationMake an action plan to implement your management plan

13 MonitoringMonitor regularly how well your plan is achieving your objectives

14 ReviewingReview your plan every few years

Phases and stages in developing a management plan

(Managers Guide –

Table 1)

Manage-Manage-ment ment

planning planning as a as a

cyclic cyclic processprocess

1 – Define the fishery

2 – Stakeholder analysis

3 – Situation analysis

4 – Management approach

5 – Purpose

6 - Goals

7 - Objectives

8 – Management standards

9 Management measures

10 – Decision control rules

11 - Resources

12 - Implementation

13 - Monitoring

14 - Reviewing

Required Required flows of flows of information information between between managers managers and fishery and fishery scientistsscientists

(Managers (Managers GuideGuide

Table 2)Table 2)

Information that the fishery managers need to provide to fishery scientists

Ph-ase

Stage Information required by managers from fisheries scientists

Decision on what fishery the plan is for

I 1 Define the fishery

The unit stock for the target fishery based on the distribution of fish stocks and fishing activities

Stakeholders to be consulted 2 Stakeholder Analysis

Information on the distribution of the fishers etc engaged in the fishery

3 Situation Analysis

Historical data on fishing effort and fish catch etc, showing fishery trends.

Approach to precaution and uncertainty

4 Management Approach

Pros and cons of alternative approaches to decision making, allowing for uncertainty.

II 5 Purpose

6 Goals

7 Objectives

Objectives for each goal 8 Management standards

Suggest what indicators and reference points could be used as targets or limits to measure progress towards each objective – noting the feasibility and cost implications of any SA involved with each

Which management Measures are seen as socially, politically and technically feasible for this fishery

III 9 Management measures

Strategic advice on the expected impact on the indicators of alternative possible management measures, and alternative levels of any control measures

Approach to uncertainty and degree of risk tolerance

10 Control Rules Estimates of uncertainty in the indicators and reference points, and suggested precautionary adjustments to reference points to allow for risk and uncertainty

Resources available for monitoring

11 Resources What resources are needed for effective stock assessment

IV 12 Implement

13 Monitoring Tactical advice updating the estimate of the selected indicators – this is usually done each year – for comparison with the reference points and guiding management actions as agreed in the control rules

14 Reviewing Up-dated stock assessment advice allowing for the latest data from the fishery and any changes in the goals and situation.

What is a management plan?What is a management plan?

In simple terms, a document that:In simple terms, a document that:

• Analyzes the current situation in a fishery;Analyzes the current situation in a fishery;

• Sets out some principles that should be followed in management;Sets out some principles that should be followed in management;

• Details goals and objectives for the fishery;Details goals and objectives for the fishery;

• Says how they are to be achieved; andSays how they are to be achieved; and

• Says how they are to be monitored.Says how they are to be monitored.

To monitor progress, objectives must be expressed in quantitative To monitor progress, objectives must be expressed in quantitative termsterms

To achieve sustainable fisheries, the plan must have a base in stock To achieve sustainable fisheries, the plan must have a base in stock assessmentassessment

Summary of the management plan – the ‘why’ and the ‘how’Summary of the management plan – the ‘why’ and the ‘how’

Purpose Goals Objectives

Management Standards

Management Measures

Indicators Reference Points

Management Measures

Decision Control Rules

Biological

Ecological

Social

Economic

How to quantify the goals and objectives

How to achieve the goals and objectives

Phase II

Where do you want to be?

Phase III

How are you going to get there?

Phase I. Phase I. Preparing to write your management Preparing to write your management plan – plan – Where are you now?Where are you now?

Stage 1. Stage 1. Define the fisheryDefine the fishery. What is the fishery you are . What is the fishery you are writing the management plan for?writing the management plan for?

Stage 2. Stage 2. Stakeholder analysisStakeholder analysis. How are you going to . How are you going to involve the stakeholders?involve the stakeholders?

Stage 3. Stage 3. What is your fishery like now? What is your fishery like now? Situation analysis.Situation analysis.

Stage 4. Stage 4. What is your ‘What is your ‘management approachmanagement approach’?’?

Stage 1. Define the fisheryStage 1. Define the fishery

Decide on:Decide on:

•• the species or type of fish;the species or type of fish;

•• the area of water or seabed;the area of water or seabed;

•• the seasonality of fishing;the seasonality of fishing;

•• the method of fishing and class of boats; andthe method of fishing and class of boats; and

•• the people involved in the fishery.the people involved in the fishery.

And the level of ecological complexity:And the level of ecological complexity:

(a)(a) Single species management Single species management

(b)(b) Multi species managementMulti species management

(c)(c) Ecosystem managementEcosystem management

Stage 2. Stakeholder analysisStage 2. Stakeholder analysis

Describe stakeholder numbers, and their importance and Describe stakeholder numbers, and their importance and influenceinfluence

Decide approach for involving stakeholders in plan Decide approach for involving stakeholders in plan development (co-management). Effective participation is development (co-management). Effective participation is critically important.critically important.

For guidance on stakeholder analyses, see Adaptive For guidance on stakeholder analyses, see Adaptive Learning Guidelines produced by FMSP Project R8292 Learning Guidelines produced by FMSP Project R8292 (see (see www.adaptivelearning.infowww.adaptivelearning.info) and also in Tool 5 of the ) and also in Tool 5 of the ParFish Guidelines. ParFish Guidelines.

http://www.adaptivelearning.info/

Stage 3. Situation analysis – Stage 3. Situation analysis – What is your What is your fishery like now?fishery like now?

Consider each ‘dimension’ of the fishery:Consider each ‘dimension’ of the fishery:• BiologicalBiological

• EcologicalEcological

• SocialSocial

• EconomicEconomic

• Governance and others?Governance and others?

For each dimension, describe:For each dimension, describe:• the current situation and ‘how it works’;the current situation and ‘how it works’;

• how the situation is changing – the trends over timehow the situation is changing – the trends over time

Identify current problems and key management questions Identify current problems and key management questions • E.g. using ‘Pressure-State-Response’ or SWOT frameworksE.g. using ‘Pressure-State-Response’ or SWOT frameworks

Stage 4. Management ‘approach’Stage 4. Management ‘approach’

Two possible approaches to dealing with Two possible approaches to dealing with uncertaintyuncertainty::

The The precautionary approachprecautionary approach says ‘let’s be careful’. says ‘let’s be careful’.

Now required by UN Fish Stocks Agreement.Now required by UN Fish Stocks Agreement.

The The adaptive approachadaptive approach uses planned experiments to uses planned experiments to reduce uncertainty by ‘learning from experience’.reduce uncertainty by ‘learning from experience’.

Both approaches can be used togetherBoth approaches can be used together

Management plan should be Management plan should be proactiveproactive more than more than reactivereactive

Phase II. Developing the management plan – Phase II. Developing the management plan – Where do you want to be?Where do you want to be?

Stage 5. Overall Stage 5. Overall purposepurpose of your plan of your plan

Stage 6. What are your Stage 6. What are your goalsgoals??

Stage 7. Developing your Stage 7. Developing your objectivesobjectives

Stage 8. Setting management standards – Stage 8. Setting management standards – indicatorsindicators and and reference pointsreference points

Stage 5. Define the Purpose of the PlanStage 5. Define the Purpose of the Plan

A statement that summarises and combines all of the goals A statement that summarises and combines all of the goals of the fishery into one single sentence.of the fishery into one single sentence.

May be proactive, simply based on the stakeholder desires May be proactive, simply based on the stakeholder desires for the fishery, or also reactive if responding to some key for the fishery, or also reactive if responding to some key perceived problems.perceived problems.

Will usually emphasise ‘sustainable development’.Will usually emphasise ‘sustainable development’.

Stage 6. Setting the goalsStage 6. Setting the goals

Define one or more goals for each dimension of the fishery – biological, Define one or more goals for each dimension of the fishery – biological, ecological, social, economic etcecological, social, economic etc

In an ideal world, we would like to maximise each of these goals (or In an ideal world, we would like to maximise each of these goals (or minimise in some cases, such as bycatch)minimise in some cases, such as bycatch)

Goals Objec-tives

Management standards Management measures

Indicators Reference points

Management measures

Decision control rules

BiologicalTo maintain the ribbon fish stock at or above the levels necessary to ensure its continued productivity

EconomicTo maximise the net incomes of the participating fishers

SocialTo maximize employment opportunities for those dependent on the fishery for their livelihoods

e.g.

Stage 7. Setting the ObjectivesStage 7. Setting the Objectives

ObjectivesObjectives are used to clarify the goals in quantitative terms, are used to clarify the goals in quantitative terms, and to define the priorities between themand to define the priorities between them

Should be ‘SMART’ and may follow the format:Should be ‘SMART’ and may follow the format:

a a verbverb – an – an indicatorindicator – a – a relationrelation – and a – and a reference pointreference point

e.g.

To maintain… To maintain…

the ribbon fish stock… the ribbon fish stock…

at all times above… at all times above…

50% of its mean unexploited level 50% of its mean unexploited level

Prioritising the objectivesPrioritising the objectives

Goals Objectives Management standards

Management measures

Indic-ators

Reference points

Management measures



To maintain the ribbon fish stock at all times above 50% of its mean unexploited level


To maintain net income per fisher at a level above the national minimum desired income


To include as many of the existing participants in the fishery as is possible given the biological and economic objectives above

Constraint Constraint added hereadded here

Stage 8. Setting Management Standards – Stage 8. Setting Management Standards – Indicators and Reference PointsIndicators and Reference Points

Use indicators and reference points to help define the objectivesUse indicators and reference points to help define the objectives

• ‘‘IndicatorsIndicators’ show where you are at the moment, or where you might ’ show where you are at the moment, or where you might be in futurebe in future

• ‘‘Reference PointsReference Points’ show where you would like to be.’ show where you would like to be.

Indicators and ‘RP’s should be used in combination to express the Indicators and ‘RP’s should be used in combination to express the objectives in ways that can be measured in objectives in ways that can be measured in quantitativequantitative fisheries fisheries assessments. assessments.

IndicatorsIndicators

Key biological indicators fall into three categories:Key biological indicators fall into three categories:

The catch of fish (C)The catch of fish (C)

The size of the fish stock (the ‘biomass’, B)The size of the fish stock (the ‘biomass’, B)

The amount of fishing (the ‘pressure’ on the stock, F)The amount of fishing (the ‘pressure’ on the stock, F)

In the short term, these are directly related to each other as In the short term, these are directly related to each other as ….. C = F x B ….. C = F x B

Catch

Fishing effort Stock size (biomass)

Catch

Fishing effort

Catch per unit effort (CPUE)

or

Stock size (biomass)

Long term (equilibrium) Long term (equilibrium) relationships relationships

between Catch, Effort and between Catch, Effort and Stock size IndicatorsStock size Indicators

(not directly related!)(not directly related!)

Reference pointsReference points

Give the point to aim at (target) or to avoid (limit) for each Give the point to aim at (target) or to avoid (limit) for each indicator and objectiveindicator and objective

Can estimate using stock assessment tools (e.g. FCan estimate using stock assessment tools (e.g. FMSYMSY, F, F0.10.1) )

(or set as arbitrary, but agreed values, e.g. C=450mt)(or set as arbitrary, but agreed values, e.g. C=450mt)

Management advice is provided by comparing current Management advice is provided by comparing current values of indicators with the reference points, e.g.:values of indicators with the reference points, e.g.:

If If FFnownow > > FFMSYMSY ‘Over-fishing’‘Over-fishing’

If If FFnownow > > FF0.10.1 Potential over-fishingPotential over-fishing

If If FFnownow < < FF2/3 MSY2/3 MSY Assumed to be sustainableAssumed to be sustainable

e.g.

Risk of alternative reference pointsRisk of alternative reference points

Size ofCatch

Amount of Fishing

Maximum Catch at FMSY

Fcrash riskier

Point at which species

becomes extinct

Using reference points as targets or limitsUsing reference points as targets or limits(defining the objectives and control rules)(defining the objectives and control rules)

Target RP - aim here, slightly Target RP - aim here, slightly above or below both OKabove or below both OK

Indicator XIndicator X

Limit RP - avoid danger Limit RP - avoid danger zone below herezone below here

Indicator XIndicator XE.g. Catch rateE.g. Catch rate E.g. spawning stock size E.g. spawning stock size

And ‘precautionary’ reference points...And ‘precautionary’ reference points...

Limit Limit

RPRP

Indicator XIndicator X

Take action at the Take action at the Precautionary RP to Precautionary RP to avoid the risk of avoid the risk of getting to the Limit RPgetting to the Limit RP

Precautionary Precautionary

RPRP

Adding the Indicators and RPs to our example…Adding the Indicators and RPs to our example…

Goals Objectives Management standards Management measures

Indicators Reference points Management measures




Current stock size, Bnow, as estimated by

the Schaefer production model using X data and Y fitting method

50% of the carrying capacity, K, as estimated by the Schaefer production model (i.e. above BMSY) using X data

and Y fitting method



Net income per fisher measured using A data and economic model B

The national minimum desired income (e.g. US$10/day)



Number of fishers employed in the priority fishing fleets

Number of fishers that would maintain biomass above BMSY (i.e. fMSY) and

allow at least the minimum desired income per fisher

Phase III. Developing the management plan – Phase III. Developing the management plan – How are you going to get there?How are you going to get there?

Stage 9. Stage 9. Action – Action – Management measuresManagement measures

Stage 10. Stage 10. Decision control rulesDecision control rules

Stage 11. Stage 11. Finding the resources for your management planFinding the resources for your management plan

Stage 9. Management measuresStage 9. Management measures

• Input controls (fishing effort restrictions)Input controls (fishing effort restrictions)• Output controls (catch limits)Output controls (catch limits)• Technical measures (size limits, closed seasons, closed Technical measures (size limits, closed seasons, closed

areas etc) areas etc)

Input and output controls often vary between years, Input and output controls often vary between years, depending on the harvesting strategy and the state of depending on the harvesting strategy and the state of the stock (as measured by the indicators)the stock (as measured by the indicators)

Technical measures control where, when and how fish are Technical measures control where, when and how fish are caught, and are usually fixed, or only updated every few caught, and are usually fixed, or only updated every few years based on long-term assessmentsyears based on long-term assessments

Stage 10. Decision control rulesStage 10. Decision control rules

Decision control rules define which measures or levels of controls will Decision control rules define which measures or levels of controls will be used depending on the state of the fishery (as measured by the be used depending on the state of the fishery (as measured by the position of the indicators relative to the reference points).position of the indicators relative to the reference points).

% of immature % of immature Management measuresManagement measures

fish in the catchfish in the catch

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

20% or less 20% or less Management measure is workingManagement measure is working

Up to 30% Up to 30% Introduce a mesh size limit of X cmIntroduce a mesh size limit of X cm

30 - 40%% 30 - 40%% Increase the mesh size limit to X+5 cmIncrease the mesh size limit to X+5 cm

More than 40% More than 40% Introduce a closed area or closed season to Introduce a closed area or closed season to protect the nursery grounds or the seasons in protect the nursery grounds or the seasons in which juvenile fish are caughtwhich juvenile fish are caught

e.g.

BMSY Stock size this year

FMSY

If Bnow < BMSY, no fishing allowed next year (danger zone)

Fishing mortality rate to be allowed next year

If Bnow > BMSY, fishing allowed at rate of FMSY next year

Decision control rules for setting level of fishing effort Decision control rules for setting level of fishing effort – a simple ‘on-off’ example– a simple ‘on-off’ example

Blim BpaStock size this year

Flim

Fpa

Fishing mortality rate to be allowed next year

If Bnow > Bpa, fishing allowed at rate of Fpa next year

If Bnow < Blim, no fishing allowed next year (danger zone)

If Blim < Bnow < Bpa, fishing allowed next year at a rate below Fpa, as set by the sliding scale

And a more precautionary ‘sliding scale’ exampleAnd a more precautionary ‘sliding scale’ example

Allowing for uncertainty and risk in the RPsAllowing for uncertainty and risk in the RPs

Blim

(BMSY)

Bpa

(%ileBMSY)

Low risk Bpa at ~90th percentile of Blim distribution

Blim

(BMSY)

Bpa

(%ileBMSY)

Higher risk Bpa at ~75th percentile of Blim distribution

… … and for a higher risk thresholdand for a higher risk threshold

Completing our example Management Plan summary…Completing our example Management Plan summary…

Goals Objectives Management standards Management measures

Indicators Reference points Management measures




Current stock size, Bnow, as

estimated by the Schaefer production model using X data and Y fitting method

50% of the carrying capacity, K, as estimated by the Schaefer production model (i.e. above BMSY)

using X data and Y fitting method

Catch controls and/or effort controls, set at levels estimated by the production model that would maintain biomass above BMSY.

In combination with: technical measures, e.g. gear controls, allowing only low powered fishing vessels thereby employing large numbers of fishers.

If current stock size, Bnow is

less than BMSY,

then set next year’s catch or effort to zero.

If Bnow is

greater than BMSY, then set

next years catch or effort to the level that should achieve the long term MSY.

(See also alternative ‘sliding scale’ options below)



Net income per fisher measured using A data and economic model B

The national minimum desired income (e.g. US$10/day)



Number of fishers employed in the priority fishing fleets

Number of fishers that would maintain biomass above BMSY

(i.e. fMSY) and allow at

least the minimum desired income per fisher

Stage 11. Finding the resources for the planStage 11. Finding the resources for the plan

• • Budget : Budget : Have you got enough Have you got enough money?money?

• • Staff : Staff : Have you got enough staff – Have you got enough staff – in the right places and with the right skills in the right places and with the right skills and qualifications?and qualifications?

• • Facilities : Facilities : Have you got the right Have you got the right technical resources and equipment?technical resources and equipment?

• • Systems : Systems : Have you got the right Have you got the right management structure and systems in management structure and systems in place?place?

Note you would need to have thought about this before now!Note you would need to have thought about this before now!

Phase IV. Planning to implement, evaluate and Phase IV. Planning to implement, evaluate and review the management plan – review the management plan –

How will you know you are there?How will you know you are there?

Stage 12. Planning for implementationStage 12. Planning for implementation

Stage 13. Planning to Stage 13. Planning to monitormonitor your plan! your plan!

Stage 14. Planning the Stage 14. Planning the reviewreview process process

Stage 12. Implementation of the planStage 12. Implementation of the plan

Publish the plan and consult with stakeholders (again)Publish the plan and consult with stakeholders (again)

Develop detailed action plans with specific tasks:Develop detailed action plans with specific tasks:• Who should do each taskWho should do each task

• When should it be done byWhen should it be done by

• Who should check it has been done, etcWho should check it has been done, etc

• See e.g. in Table 12 of Manager’s GuideSee e.g. in Table 12 of Manager’s Guide

Stage 13. Planning to monitor the plan!Stage 13. Planning to monitor the plan!

Monitoring the indicators provides feedback on the state of Monitoring the indicators provides feedback on the state of the fishery for management by ‘decision control rules’ (see the fishery for management by ‘decision control rules’ (see next slide)next slide)

The fishery situation

If things around you change, then your plan

might also need to change

Your indicators (relative to your reference points)

How well are you achieving your objectives?

Are they moving you towards your goals?

Now

Goals

Your inputs

Are you carrying out the plan as intended?

Also Also monitoring monitoring other other factors factors may help may help to explain to explain the results the results observedobserved

Monitoring Monitoring fishery fishery indicators indicators against limit against limit and and precautionary precautionary reference reference pointspoints

The precautionary The precautionary plot used by ICES plot used by ICES (North Atlantic)(North Atlantic)

Note axes reversedNote axes reversedX-axis: fishingX-axis: fishingY-axis: stock sizeY-axis: stock size

Fpa Flim

Bpa

Blim

TARGET ZONE

BUFFER ZONE

OVERFISHED

OVERFISHING

HIGH RISK ZONE

Fishing mortality rate

Sto

ck s

ize

(bio

mas

s)

19901991

1992

1993

1994

1998 19961997

19951999

2000

Stage 14. Reviewing the planStage 14. Reviewing the plan

Monitor the fishery and adjust input/output controls or other Monitor the fishery and adjust input/output controls or other management measures as required say every 1-2 yearsmanagement measures as required say every 1-2 years

Review and update the plan say every 3-5 years, or when Review and update the plan say every 3-5 years, or when circumstances or policy priorities changecircumstances or policy priorities change

Annex 1. Glossary of terms usedAnnex 1. Glossary of terms used

Adaptive managementAdaptive managementCapacity (Management)Capacity (Management)Carrying CapacityCarrying CapacityDecision control rulesDecision control rulesEcosystem ManagementEcosystem ManagementFMSPFMSPGoalsGoalsIndicatorIndicatorInput / output controlsInput / output controlsLimit reference pointLimit reference pointLivelihoodLivelihoodManagement measuresManagement measuresManagement planManagement planManagement standardsManagement standards Mortality ratesMortality rates

ObjectivesObjectivesPrecautionary approachPrecautionary approachPrecautionary reference pointPrecautionary reference pointPrioritisation (of objectives) Prioritisation (of objectives) Reference pointReference pointRiskRisk StakeholderStakeholderStock Assessment (SA)Stock Assessment (SA)Stock assessment tools (SA tools)Stock assessment tools (SA tools)Strategic stock assessmentsStrategic stock assessmentsTactical stock assessmentsTactical stock assessmentsTarget reference pointTarget reference pointTechnical reference pointsTechnical reference pointsUncertaintyUncertaintyUnit stockUnit stock

Annex 2. Example management plansAnnex 2. Example management plans

Exam-Exam-pleple

FisheryFishery First priority goal/sFirst priority goal/s Secondary Secondary goal/sgoal/s

Assessment approach (see Assessment approach (see SA Guide)SA Guide)

1.1. Single speciesSingle species Biological (overall stock Biological (overall stock size)size)

Economic Economic and socialand social

Biomass dynamic (e.g. CEDA / Biomass dynamic (e.g. CEDA / ParFish)ParFish)



Analytical (e.g. LFDA and Analytical (e.g. LFDA and Yield)Yield)

3.3. Single speciesSingle species BiologicalBiological (spawning (spawning stock size)stock size)


Analytical (e.g. LFDA and Analytical (e.g. LFDA and Yield)Yield)

4.4. Multi-speciesMulti-species Biological (target species) Biological (target species) and ecological (by-catch and ecological (by-catch species and habitat)species and habitat)


Analytical or biomass dynamic Analytical or biomass dynamic for target species. for target species. No model for ecological goalsNo model for ecological goals

5.5. Multi-speciesMulti-species Biological and ecological Biological and ecological Economic Economic and socialand social

Analytical for both target and Analytical for both target and by-catch species. by-catch species.

6.6. Multi-speciesMulti-species Biological and ecologicalBiological and ecological EconomicEconomic Analytical approach including Analytical approach including economic sub-model.economic sub-model.


Fisher’s Fisher’s preferencespreferences

Biomass dynamic (ParFish)Biomass dynamic (ParFish)

Management process

Fishery Management Plan

Define management standardsFor each operational objective:• Conceptual reference points

(target, limit, precautionary)• Indicators • Technical reference points

Set management measures• Decision control rules defined by

reference points and harvesting strategy• Management strategy, comprising

one or more control measures (inputs; outputs; technical, ecological etc)

Monitoring Control and Surveillance

Sections 2.5.2 – 2.5.5

The management context

The legal regime• Domestic laws• International agreements

Management approach to uncertainty

• Precautionary or adaptive management? Or both?

Management scope• Single or multi-species?• Ecosystem approach?

Property rights• Use rights?• Control rights?

Stakeholder roles in management

• State or community control?• Co-management?

Fishery scale• Industrial or artisanal?• Economically important?

Management capacity• Technical skills, staff, funds?

Sections 1.1 and 2.1 – 2.4

Fishery Policy

Define management intentions• Policy goals and operational objectives (biological,

ecological, economic, social, other sectors)Section 2.5.1

Stock assessment process

Data/Inputs

Intermediate parameters

Indicators Reference points

Management advice in terms of risk,

allowing for uncertainty

Chapters 3 and 4 and Parts 2 and 3

For more details see other guidebook (FAO Fish. Tech. Paper 487)For more details see other guidebook (FAO Fish. Tech. Paper 487)

Documents

Promotion of the FMSP Fishery Management and Stock Assessment Guides Part 1. The ‘Managers Guide’ Presented at: CRFM 2 nd Annual Science Conference Trinidad