Promotion of RAIN CITIES in Korea – Policies and Case …eng.warwick.ac.uk/ircsa/pdf/14th/Slides/k3 Han.pdf · • Star City, Seoul City, Suwon City, RAIN CITY ... Detention Infiltration

14th IRCSA Keynote Presentation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Promotion of RAIN CITIESin Korea – Policies and Case Studies-

Aug.3, 2009

Professor Mooyoung Han

Director, Rainwater Research Center, Seoul National UniversityChairman, IWA Rainwater Harvesting and Management Specialist Group

Where is Korea?

Koreans

Korean food

Scenery

Delft meeiting 29 November 2007

Contents

Introduction: Challenges in Water ManagementIntroduction: Challenges in Water Management

Scientific and Engineering findings for Rainwater ManagementScientific and Engineering findings for Rainwater Management

•Quality, Energy, and Climate Change Adaptation Potential

Case Studies in KoreaCase Studies in Korea

• Star City, Seoul City, Suwon City, RAIN CITY

• Rainwater Mangement Tradition in Korea

Conclusion and VisionConclusion and Vision

Delft meeiting 29 November 2007Problem : Flooding

Flood in Watershed

Delft meeiting 29 November 2007Problem : Flooding

Flood in Urban area

Delft meeiting 29 November 2007Problem : Drought

Water Shortage




Challenges in urban water management

DisasterpreventionSewer

Watersupply

Architecture

Urban water management

Amenity

UrbanizationImpervious areaRainfall Pattern

Climate change

ArtificialArtificialChallengesChallenges

Natural Natural ChallengesChallenges

SocialSocialChallengesChallenges

Oil ShockInfrastructure

Not Safe

Not Sustainable


Scientific and Engineering FindingsIn Rainwater Management

Scientific and Engineering FindingsIn Rainwater Management

Rainwater QualityEnergy RequirementClimate Change Adaptation Potential

Rainwater is free.


1. Rainwater is the origin of all water

Rainwater is the purest water in the world Precipitation

5 ppm

30 ppm60 ppm

400 ppmwell

sewer+ 320ppm

35000 ppmWTPW.WTP


Long term strategy for Climate Change-Energy saving-

0.00122

0.2405

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

tap water rainwater

energ

y c

onsum

pti

on

unit: kWhLong mileage vs. short mileage!

0.2018

Energy consumption in transmission

Using decentralized water supply system save a lot of Energy


Energy for water supply alternativesLo

w C

arbo

n

Green GrowthEffect to Environment

Ener

gy

small large

Reuse

현장공급(약 1.2KWh)

Desalination현장공급 (약 9.3KWh)

Water SupplyGroundwater

Rain현장공급(수처리

없음)(약 0.0012KWh)

Rainwater Spraying

↓

Can Reduce Cooling Energy


Climate Change Adaptation

MH

Storage+PumpRainfall Discharge

Full!Full!

Tank+Pump VS Outflow


Rain tank design to Increase Sewer Capacity

9.8

In the case of Seoul, 10㎥/100㎡ tank can control the 100 year peak runoff into 5 year peak


Case Studies ofUrban Water Management in Korea

Case Studies ofUrban Water Management in Korea

• Star City rainwater management

• Seoul City rainwater management

• Suwon City

• Rain-city Movement

Delft meeiting 29 November 2007 Star city RWH system

Star City Rainwater management

Cover Story of Water 21(12. 2008. IWA)


2

Star City

Star city RWH system


Star City Rainwater management system

Location Jayang-dong Gwangjin-gu Seoul

AreaTotal Area : 62,505.2M2

Building Area : 16,867.729M2

UsageApartment, Officetel,

Commercial & Cultural facilities

Construction

duration

October. 2003 ~ March. 2007

ForForFlood Flood

ControlControl ForForWaterWaterSavingSaving

ForForEmergencyEmergency

Delft meeiting 29 November 2007 Star city RWH system

Flood prevention

Water saving

Emergency

Rainwater Rainwater Tap waterPump Pump

Swimming PoolPublic Toilet

Rainwater from roof

Rainwater from terrace


Tank capacity 3,000ton (1,000ton×3 tanks)

Terrace 45,000CatchmentArea (㎡) Roof 6,200

Rainwater Usage Gardening, Brook, Public toilet

•Collection of rainwater up to the first rainfall of 100 mm

•Reuse of the infiltrated rainwater after the gardening




4 alls for all : Seoul City

They are now rushing for proactive rainwater management !!

Proactive project of rainwater management in Seoul "4 alls for all"Objective: Recovery of water circulation In the city

Vision: Human∙Nature∙Urban (all) live together

All rainwater

using Allmethods

by Allpeople

FromAll place


New Paradigm : Decentralized ManagementNew Paradigm : Decentralized Management


Source Control & Management by Area

1. Underground Cisterns

2. Surface runoffControl

3. Pavement Runoff Control

4. Total Rainwater Management in Complexes


Decentralized System

Localized Heavy Rain

Floodin Rural Area

Floodin Urban Area

Overflowing Repeated Disaster


Present SystemPresent System


Localized Heavy RainDecentralized SystemDecentralized System

Reduction of flow

Reduction of flow

Detention Infiltration & catchment facilitiesInfiltration & catchment facilities


Operational strategy of rainwater tank in SMG

ForForFlood Flood

ControlControl

ForForWaterWaterSavingSaving

Remote Rainwater Tank Monitoring system


Operational strategy of rainwater tank in SMG


Rain-City Project at Suwon (水原 ) CityRain-City Project at Suwon (水原 ) City


Rain-city Project at Suwon CityMOU for Rain-city

(b/w Suwon city and UNEP-SNU Rainwater Research Center)

Rain-city Project is the first case in the world !


Suwon city(水原)

Suwon

Name Suwon(水原)

Area 121.14 km2

Population 1.1 million Ave.

Temperature 13.0 oC

Ave.Precipitation 1,335mm

Rainwater

Origin of water

水原


Water Independency Ratio

External Supply 89%(Multi-regional water supply)

120 million ton/year

Total water usage :1.09millionXLPCD310LX365days=123millionm3/year // Rainwater : 21.07km2X1335mm=161miilion m3/year

Graywater (3%)Local water supply (3%)

Groundwater (4%)

Rainwater160 million ton/year

• Storage and infiltration • Groundwater recharge andUnderground Dam

• Water Independency Ratio50%


Other Cities are Rushing to become RAIN CITIES by making regulations

So far 21 Cities,But increase exponentially.

By next year, more than 50 Cities.

How about your country?

Other Cities are Rushing to become RAIN CITIES by making regulations

So far 21 Cities,But increase exponentially.

By next year, more than 50 Cities.

How about your country?


The secret of Korean rainwater managementThe secret of Korean rainwater management

• The worst natural condition (Climate and geological)

• Requirement for survival

• Philosophy and Tradition


Average Rainfall and Variance for several countries

Nature challenges : Climate condition


The Gradient distribution of the Korea Peninsula

Nature challenges : Geographic condition

Grade characteristics in Korea Peninsula

Source: Lee, 2000

0~1º 1~5º 5~10º 10~15º 15~20º 20º~ Total

Area(km2) 26,893 41,871 45,519 43,183 31,668 23,307 212,442

Percentage(%) 12.7 19.7 21.4 20.3 14.9 11.0 100.0

Grad.

Cont.

About 67% of the total Korea peninsula area

The map of gradient grades in the Korea Peninsula


Land of beautiful scenery

SpringSummer

Autumn WinterLand of beautiful scenery ((錦繡江山錦繡江山))What’s the secret?


Rainwater Managementin Korean History


Establishment of Korea

The first nation – Ghochosun founded in B.C. 2333

Govern the nation with three masters:

Rain (雨師), Cloud (雲師) and Wind (風伯)

Tangun Wanggum

( 檀君王儉 )The founder

Importance of Rainwater !

Ruling Philosophy“To make every party beneficial” (弘益人間)

Win – Win strategy


Agriculture and irrigation

Agriculture & Paddy field

Paddy field, Decentralized small damsFlood control, recharging groundwater

Preventing soil erosion


Agriculture and irrigation

Rainwater Management of Baikje (百濟)

Byukgolje in Kimje (town of rice)

King Biryu, the 11th King (AD 330)L: 3.3 km, H: 5.7mW: 21m (bottom), 10m (top)


The rain gauge

The rain gauge (since 1441)


Oriental Concept of Eco-village

People depending on same water

village= +

samewater

Watershed managementDevelopment should be such that the

water system is the same before and after the development


Conclusion and Vision

Rainwater is Clean. Rainwater is Free.

Decentralized Rainwater Management is a good strategy of Climate Change Adaptation by energy saving and flooding mitigation

Several Successful Case Studies such as Star City, Seoul City and Suwon City triggered to promote many Rain Cities in Korea

The Worst Natural Condition in Korea have cultivated the best Climate Change Adaptation Strategy in the form of philosophy and tradition, which resulted in rapid promotion of RainCities in Korea.

We need the promotion of Worldwide RainCities, starting from your city.


Notice !!!


Vision of Rainwater Management

• Conservation of

village

弘益人間“To make every party beneficial”

• Rainwater Utilization, Love the Earth

EarthEarth

HeavenHeaven

PeoplePeople

Rainwater Research Center

HarmonyHarmony

Documents

Promotion of RAIN CITIES in Korea – Policies and Case …eng.warwick.ac.uk/ircsa/pdf/14th/Slides/k3 Han.pdf · • Star City, Seoul City, Suwon City, RAIN CITY ... Detention Infiltration