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ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT CENTRE
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, GOVT. OF NCTD
PROMOTING
WASTE TO ENERGY PROJECTS
IN
LARGE MESSING AREAS
The daily per capita solid waste generationin our country ranges from about 300 g to500 g.
As per SOE Report, 2010, the total wastegeneration in Delhi is approx. 7400 metrictones per day.
Food waste contributes to around 25-30%of the total waste generated in the city.
Around 70 to 75% of waste generated bylarge Messing Areas, Kitchen/Canteens.Hotels, Restaurants, etc. is biodegradable
2
FOOD WASTE: POTENTIAL SOURCE OF ENERGY
Waste comprises of two components –Biodegradable(wet) waste and Non biodegradable (Dry)waste.
The wet waste comprises of food, vegetable and non-vegwaste whereas the dry waste comprises of plastic bottles,papers, plastic wrappers, HDPE, LLDPE bags etc.
The wet waste (mostly food waste) is a major cause ofmosquito breeding leading to malaria & dengue.
However , this wet waste or biodegradable waste can befermented through anaerobic digestion to generate biogaswhich can be utilized for cooking, heating, lighting, orgenerating electricity. The slurry produced is a goodmanure that can be used for Horticulture application.
3
FOOD WASTE: POTENTIAL SOURCE OF ENERGY
Biogas is a methane rich flammable gas that results from theanaerobic decomposition of organic waste material.
Biogas consists of methane (60 %), carbon dioxide, andtraces of other gases.
Biogas can be used to produce heat or power.
By-product produced during the process is a solid residuewhich is high-grade manure.
Biogas production from biomass is considered carbon dioxideneutral and therefore does not emit additional GreenhouseGases (GHG) into the atmosphere.
Has additional advantage of treating organic waste andreducing the environmental impact of these wastes.
BIOGAS PRODUCTION
BIOGAS PRODUCTION
Waste transportation cost is reduced by decentralizedtreatment of waste.
Reduce load on fast diminishing waste dumping sites.
Abatement strategy for food waste methane generation isto either capture the methane generated in the landfill andburn or use it OR Avoid such waste reaching the landfillthrough an alternative processing strategy could generatesubstantial carbon credits.
Biogas production will help Govt. to combat rising menaceof urban waste, global warming & earn carbon credits too.
Step towards sustainable energy sources.
BIOGAS PRODUCTION
BIOGAS TECHNOLOGIES
In recent years, there has been an increase in the numberof waste to energy projects in the country.
Various technology developers have emerged and havesetup biogas plants based on biodegradable wastes, whichhave facilitated decentralize treatment of waste.
These plants can be installed in different capacities rangingfrom ¼ m3 to 1000m3 and above depending on theavailability of quantity of biomass wastes.
While the small capacity plants up to 2m3 can be pre-fabricated, the higher capacity plants can be constructedin-situ.
BIOGAS TECHNOLOGIES
Basically two types of digester designs are used in Biogas technology:
Floating gas-holder type
Fixed dome type
Suitably modified designs have also been developed for treating different types of food wastes. These are:
MODIFIED USAB by MAILHEM
MODIFIED KVIC by BIOTECH
TEAM by TERI
NISARGRUNA by BARC
9
It is an indigenously developed technology by MailhemEngineers Pvt. Ltd.
It uses Modified Upward Anaerobic Sludge Blanket(USAB) technology to treat all types of solid & liquid wastehaving large percentage of suspended solids
It is a High rate Biomethanation technique which can treatsolid waste such as canteen, vegetable, poultry andslaughterhouse wastes, etc.
Biogas generated can either be used as fuel in lieu of LPGor to generate power using 100% Biogas Generator sets.
10
SECTOR WISE INSTALLATION RESIDENTIAL BIOGAS PLANTS
KITCHEN WASTE SEWAGE WASTE WATER (Grey Water)
COMBINED SEWAGE (Grey Water) & KITCHEN
INDUSTRIAL BIOGAS PLANTS
CANTEEN WASTE
FOOD PROCESSING WASTE
LEATHER SHAVINGS WASTE
POULTRY WASTE
SLAUGHTER HOUSE WASTE
COMBINED SEWAGE (Grey Water) AND CANTEEN
WASTE
DAIRY EFFLUENT
STARCH EFFLUENT MUNICIPAL/MIXED SOLID WASTE BASED
WASTE TO ENERGY PROJECTS
MIXED WASTE FROM:-
VEGETABLE MARKET YARD
FRUIT & FLOWER MARKET
ANIMAL DROPPINGS
LARGE HOTELS AND INDUSTRIAL CANTEEN
UNIQUE COMBINED SEWAGE AND MSW
TREATMENT PLANTS FOR MUNICIPAL BODIES
PROJECTS Projects executed in 25 cities in India
MANGALORE PUNE
BANGALORE GUJARAT
PORTABLE TYPE PACKAGE
BIOGAS PLANT
No civil construction required.
Pre assembled & factory tested, hence can beinstalled & commissioned immediately.
Very Compact, hence conservation of space.
Only one trained operator is required.
Can be installed in the basement, parking area oreven on the terraces - if structure can take theload.
Easy to relocate, if required.
Saving in power consumption.
Modular type, hence capacity enhancement ispossible
14
15
TERI’s ENHANCED
ACIDIFICATION & METHANATION
TECHNOLOGHY
(TEAM)
High rate methane producing reactor.
Low Hydraulic Retention Time of 7 days.
Digested waste has high NPK values.
High methane content in biogas (>75%).
Elimination of Scum formation - a feature in small size plants.
Production of non-flowable / semisolid digested residue.
Suitability for small and decentralized application
Very low water requirement due to recycling within the
process.
Aesthetic look with low maintenance cost.
No environmental impact.
Successfully tested for leafy waste, food waste, press mud, food-
processing waste, tea waste, vegetable market waste, township
waste etc. 16
17
Shredder
Waste
UASB
Reactor
Acidification modules
BIOGAS
Treated effluent
for recycling
Dryer DRY MANURE
for sale
Digested
Sludge
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF TEAM PROCESS
18
CIDCO,
NAVI MUMBAI
GURGAON,
HARYANA
PROJECTS
19
MODIFIED KVIC / USAB TECHNOLOGY
BY BIOTECH
FEATURES Uses Modified KVIC / USAB technology for
treating biowaste at households and institutional
levels.
Has varying capacities starting from 1 cum.
ACHIEVEMENTS
Domestic installations - 16,000 Nos.
Toilet linked plants - 180 Nos.
Institutional plants - 235 Nos.
Waste to electricity projects - 42 Nos.
Integrated waste treatment - 6 Nos.
plants
Total installed capacity - 22,450 Cum per day
Annual biogas generation - 8194250 Cum.
BIOTECH PROJECTS
TRIVANDRUM
BIOTECH PROJECTS
STREET LIGHTING
BY BIOGAS
VEGETABLE
MARKET WASTE
TO ENERGY
24
It is an indigenous and appropriate technology developed by
BARC especially for Urban areas to convert municipal
organic solid waste into biogas and manure.
The 'Nisargruna' technology adopts biphasic reactor system
wherein the first reactor is operated under aerobic and
thermophilic conditions.
As a result of the first feature, the universal problem of odour
from waste processing biogas plants is eliminated and the
second feature leads to a faster process
Unlike conventional single phase digesters, which take 30-40
days, a 'Nisargruna' plant can digest organic solid waste
between 18-22 days. 25
This technology can process biodegradable waste such as
kitchen waste, paper, grass, gobar and dry leaves, etc.
It offers Zero garbage and Zero effluent and provides high
quality manure and methane gas.
Weed free manure obtained from such waste has high
nitrogen contents and acts as an excellent soil conditioner.
This plant could be set up for ecofriendly disposal of wet-
waste generated in kitchens/canteens of big Hospitals/Hotels/
Factories/residential complexes and can avoid health hazards
due to dump sites.
26
Plant
Capacity
Space
Requirem
ent
Biogas
generat
ed
m3/day
Manure
generated
(20-30%
moisture)
Kg/day
Ready to use
for irrigation
Liquid Fertilizer
*
In kiloliter
Estimat
ed Cost
Pay
back
in years
200 Kg 40sq.mt. 20 16-20 0.25 10 lacs 3.5 to 4
500 Kg 45sq.mt. 50 40-50 0.56 15 lacs 2 to 2.5
1 Ton 55sq.mt. 100 80-100 1.15 25 lacs 1.5 to 2
2 Ton 70sq.mt. 200 160-200 2.30 32.50
lacs
Less
than
one
year
Kitchen Waste to Biogas Plant Economics
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE
NAME OF SCHEME SUBSIDY
Waste to Energy plants
(Delhi Govt.)
A subsidy to the tune to 33% of the
plant cost may be availed from Delhi
Govt. for thermal as well as power
generation.
Biogas Based
Distributed/Grid Power
Generation Programme
(MNRE)
• Rs. 40,000 / Kw for 3-20 Kw
• Rs. 35,000 / Kw for >20-100 Kw
• Rs. 30,000 / Kw for >100-250 Kw
Special Area
Demonstration
Programme
(MNRE)
Demonstration of Renewable Energy
Systems and devices at Centralized
kitchens, roadside eating joints,
restaurants, etc.
•50% to Govt. bodies and 25 % to
private bodies
PROPOSAL FORMULATION
Resource Evaluation
Site survey
Basic data collection
Demand assessment
Thermal purposes
Power generation
Choice of Technology
Identification of the location
Formulation of the proposal.
Submission to EE &REM Centre.
THANK YOU