Promoting Standards

Slide 1 NATO UNCLASSIFIED OC2013 – Porto – May 16th 2013

Promoting Standards: Interoperability, Collaboration and Cooperation in

Marine S&T

João Alves

Scientist / Project Leader NATO STO CMRE


• CMRE • Interoperability

– What is it ? – Why it maters ?

• Standards – The means towards the end – The work being done at CMRE

• Data collection

Overview


What is CMRE

• NURC is a NATO reserch centre located in La Spezia, Italy

• Conduct research in support of NATO maritime requirements

• Promote maritime innovation in NATO Nations

• Open to scientific and industrial collaboration


Collaboration At Sea R/V Alliance The NATO R/V Alliance (German flag) was commisioned in

1988 and since then is the NURC platform for blue water sea trials. Designed specifically for oceanographic and underwater research, it is one of the quietest motor vessels afloat. It is also the only ship owned by all original NATO nations.

Dimensions: 93 x 15.2 x 5.2 m. Displacement: 3180 tons. Machinery: Diesel-electric + 1 gas turbine generator, 2490 kW. Max. speed: 16.3 kts. Range: 7500 nm@12 kts. Crew: 24 + 23 scientists.

.

R/V Leonardo Coastal R/V Leonardo (Italian flag) construction embraced a wide

range of systems and hardware from numerous NATO nations. She was delivered in 2002. She is specifically suited for coastal research operations thanks to its great manoeuvrability, low noise and shallow draft.

Dimensions: 28.6 x 9 x 2.5 m. Displacement: 337 tons. Machinery: Diesel-electric driven thrusters, 1170 kW. Max. speed: 11 kts. Range: 1500 nm@11 kts. Crew: 5 + 7 scientists.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

NRV ALLIANCE Ocean going research vessel (3120 gt)(93m) capable of operating worldwide. Carries up to 25 scientific staff and crew of 24. Large laboratory facilities and extensive, heavy duty deck equipment and towing capability. Acoustically silent with specialised propulsion equipment and noise reduction technology. The vessel was built in 1988 and has an expected life of 40 – 50 years. A current replacement value is approximately US$ 120-150m. Flagged as an auxiliary vessel of the DEU Navy and operated under a MOU between SACT and DEU. There is an additional MOU with Italy for host nation support and operation in Italian waters. Technical, maintenance and crewing support is outsourced to a commercial ship management company, currently Anglo-Eastern (UK) Ltd. Current contract is due to expire in April 2017. Total crew pool size is 34 persons of DEU, GBR and ITA nationality. A crew rotation system is used to maximise operational availability of the vessel. NATO has a redundancy liability (LOJI) to the crew if the contract is terminated (standard industry practise, the ship owner retains liability). Total annual operating cost (2011) of 5.3m Euro allowing 120 days at sea. CRV LEONARDO Coastal research vessel (300 gt)(28m) capable of operating in shallow water and the coastal environment. Carries a crew of 6 and up to 9 scientific staff. A small vessel but highly capable and particularly well suited to harbour and port protection work. Some noise reduction technology but not as advanced as Alliance. The vessel was built in 2001 and has a life expectancy of 30-40 years. A current replacement value is approximately US$10m. The ship is flagged as a military vessel of Italy and is under the command of an ITA Navy officer with a military crew. Under a MOU between SACT and MoD Italy the crewing and maintenance support of the vessel is the responsibility of MoD Italy. NATO is responsible for funding of major maintenance, insurance, certification and the running costs of the ship. The MOU with ITA MoD is valid until May 2013 on a trial basis. The annual operating cost (2011) to NATO is approximately 400KEuro allowing 120 days at sea.


Core Competencies • Underwater acoustics

• Sensors and signal processing

• Ocean prediction

• Ocean physics

• Autonomy in the maritime domain

• Computation and data management

• Underwater communications engineering

• Exploitation of remote sensing at sea

• Modeling and simulation in the maritime domain

• Oceanographic instrumentation, platforms, and systems

• Hydrographic systems

• Portable sensors in the maritime domain

• Sonars, transducers, and arrays

• Ocean engineering

• Seagoing capability

• Operations research

• AUVs, USVs and gliders

• Calibration


50 years experience in conducting scientific and technical experiments at sea

Focal point in Europe for research, development, test and validation of concepts and systems for the maritime environment


• “Measure of the degree to which organizations or individuals are able to operate together to achieve a common goal”

• Promoter of cooperation • Enabler of collaboration

Interoperability: What is it ?


• Potentially cuts costs

• Eases the technology management process

• Brings people together

• Promotes multi-use technology

Interoperability: Why is it important ?

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Talk about the different ways Standards arise: The typical USB, 12V cigarrette lighter are always good crowd pleasers


• Interoperability has been central to NATO for more than 50 years !

• NATO (S&T) can be seen as a model – Multi-national – Multi-interests

• NATO is pushing for further interoperability with the smart defense concept

• Nations are taking the interoperability message onboard !

• NIAG SG-157 conducted a study on interoperability for multi-domain autonomy

Interoperability: The NATO perspective

Presenter

Presentation Notes



• Interoperability to Manage Risk • Interoperability to Reduce costs • Interoperability to promote cross-disciplinarity • Interoperability to promote wide research

networks • Interoperability to promote use beyond S&T

“realm” – Better obsolescence management – Modularity

Interoperability From a S&T perspective

Presenter

Presentation Notes



• CMRE is actively promoting standards for Maritime Communications all across the stack (including the stack itself)

• Interoperability across the communications “Stack” is fundamental to achieve cooperative and collaborative functionalities

Standards: the means to the end


JANUS

Cfreq Bw=Cfreq/3

Tchip=1/(Bw/Nbins)

3 Optional Wakeup tones

32 Chip Sequence

Wakeup time: 400 msecs Header data: 64 bits FH-BFSK (through convolutional encoder)

Payload data: User-defined size FH-BFSK (through convolutional encoder)

26 Orthogonal frequency bins

www.januswiki.org


Software-Defined Open Architecture Modem

CRO

SS-L

AYER

FRA

MEW

ORK

Network-enabled service: Navigation Aid

Network-enabled service: Time Synchronization

Other Network-enabled service(s)

Hardware Implementation:

Amplifiers, Transducers, etc.

Vehicle and Payload data

Routing Protocol Shell + Policy Engine

Protocol R.0

Protocol R.1

Protocol R.2

Protocol R.n

Transport Protocol Shell + Policy Engine

Protocol T.0

Protocol T.1

Protocol T.2

Protocol T.n

MAC Protocol Shell + Policy Engine

Protocol M.0

Protocol M.1

Protocol M.2

Protocol M.n

Physical Protocol Shell + Policy Engine

Protocol P.0

Protocol P.1

Protocol P.2

Protocol P.n


Model for incorporating “brainware”

CRO

SS-L

AYER

FRA

MEW

ORK

Network-enabled service: Navigation Aid

Network-enabled service: Time Synchronization

Other Network-enabled service(s)

Hardware Implementation:

Amplifiers, Transducers, etc.

Vehicle and Payload data

Routing Protocol Shell + Policy Engine

Protocol R.0

Protocol R.1

Protocol R.2

Protocol R.n

Transport Protocol Shell + Policy Engine

Protocol T.0

Protocol T.1

Protocol T.2

Protocol T.n

MAC Protocol Shell + Policy Engine

Protocol M.0

Protocol M.1

Protocol M.2

Protocol M.n

Physical Protocol Shell + Policy Engine

Protocol P.0

LICENSED #1

LICENSED #2

Protocol P.n


Experimentation and Data Gathering

• Data is fundamental to document the standardization procedure

• Data is THE scientific asset of excellence • Gathering data at sea is a costly and risky

endeavor

• Emerging Technique: Direct Replay: – Use REAL data to exercise protocols in the lab – Bridges the worlds of simulation and real sea trials – Requires pristine data sets


Replay Data – Physical Level Ti

me

dela

y (m

s)

Dop

pler

spr

ead

(Hz)


Replay Data – Packet Level 8-byte messages 64-byte messages


• Which Packet Sizes/ Transmit power to use ? • Which time scales to capture ? • What kind of space diversity to capture ? • Which non-acoustic data sets should be

acquired ? • Which metrics to use when evaluating

performance ?

Replay Data – The Questions:

Consensus is required for models and metrics of evaluation


• Reduce the costs when compared to a “full” sea trial

• Mitigate risks (e.g. weather) • Allows the study of long-term phenomena • Makes it possible to share the testing

infrastructure • Around-the-clock operations allow to stress-

test hardware and software

Persistent experiments with test beds


Towards Pristine Data Sets ACommsNet11

Constraint: Only one oceanographic sampling point ! Preliminary study to evaluate if that meant severe undersampling: Gasparini et al.:“Circulation and Biomass Distribution During warm Season In The Gulf Of La Spezia” in Journal of Marine Systems, vol. 78


June 2011 October 2011

Towards Pristine Data Sets



Dealing with the effects of bio-fouling


Towards Pristine Data Sets: CommsNet12

Early decodings from direct non-acoustic path: Initially “only” echoes. But looking closer…

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Direct path through the cable was providing early decodings


• Experimental procedures in CMRE follow quality guidelines from planning to final reporting

• The quality guidelines include procedures for joint trials with external institutions

• Data sets collected by CMRE at sea and respective reports are available for the Nations

Using these lessons in the future


• Standardize Experimental Procedures • Certify Equipment and Technicians • Establish agreed-upon, honest broker metrics • Create an experimental registry • Disseminate full trial documentation • Promote reporting and lessons learned



• Is it realistic to standardize everything ? • Standardizing is sometimes compromising • Can be costly and may in certain cases be

counter-productive • Adoption is surely not a given !

• So… where is the balance ?

But… How much is enough ?


CMRE’s efforts towards standardization on Maritime Communications:

– JANUS • Wiki • Stakeholder Meetings • STANAG

– SDOAM • Engagement with Manufacturers

– UCOMMS Workshop • Bringing the Scientific and Industrial communities together to

reach consensus – DTN Lite

• Invitation from IETF to write an Internet Draft

Summary


• Experimental repositories would greatly benefit the community

• To create an effective and usable trial registry: – Standardization of experimental procedures – Methodologies to maximize experiment

repeatability in order to validate results – Definition of honest-broker metrics

Summary (contd.)


Documents

Promoting Standards