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December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Project, Technology, & Collaboration
H- Transport/Injection Workshop
G. William FosterDecember 9, 2004
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Talk Outline
• Whirlwind Project Introduction
• Near Term Plans
• Issues for this Workshop
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
8 GeV Synchrotron & Linac• SYNCHROTRON
– Sited West of the existing booster
– Re-uses existing linac enclosure
• 8 GeV LINAC– Design Study
injects at MI-30 straight section
– New Siting: Inside Ring
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
~ 700m Active Length8 GeV Linac
X-RAY FEL LAB8 GeVneutrino
MainInjector@2 MW
Anti-Proton
SY-120Fixed-Target
Neutrino“Super-
Beams”
NUMI
Off-Axis
& Long-Pulse Spallation Source
Neutrino Target
Neutrinosto “Homestake”
Short Baseline Detector Array
Target and Muon Cooling Channel
BunchingRing Recirculating
Linac for Neutrino Factory
SSC at Fermilab
Damping Ringsfor TESLA @ FNALWith 8 GeV e+ Preacc.
1% LC Systems Test
8 GeV Superconducting LinacWith X-Ray FEL, 8 GeV Neutrino & Spallation Sources, LC and Neutrino Factory
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
8 GeV SC Linac Proton Driver
• A Bridge Program to the Linear Collider
• Near Term Physics Program (neutrinos+)
• A seed project for Industrial Participation
and International Collaboration
50 cryomodules, 12 RF stations, ~1.5% of LC
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Common Physics Performance Specifications
• 2 MW Beam Power in Main Injector– Need 1.5E14 Protons / cycle in MI– Synchrotron option needs increased ramp rate
• 0.5 MW Stand-Alone 8 GeV Beam Power– Reduction of Linac power from 2 MW
• Investigation Only of Follow-on Missions– (remove $ for e-, mu … from Linac baseline)
Proton Driver Beams
12 : 1
36
10 Hz
1 msec
25 mA
2.0 MW
ULTIMATE
36 : 136:1Cavities / Klystron
58412Klystrons
5-10 Hz2.5 HzRep Rate
1 msec3 msecBeam Pulse
9.5 mA8.3 mABeam Current
23 MW0.5 MWBeam Power
TESLAINITIAL
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
120 GeV Main Injector Cycle with 8 GeV Linac, e- and P
Main Injector: 120 GeV, 0.67 Hz Cycle, 2.0 MW Beam PowerLinac Protons: 8 GeV, 4.67 Hz Cycle, 0.93 MW Beam Power Linac Electrons: 8 GeV, 4.67 Hz Cycle, 0.93 MW Beam Power
8 GeV Linac Cycles 1.5E14 per Pulse at 10Hz
Ma in Inje c tor Ene rgy
H-Inje c tion
8 Ge VP rotons
8 Ge VEle c trons
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3Time (s e c )
MI EnergyH- Injection8 GeV ProtonsElectrons
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
120 GeV Main Injector Cycle with 8 GeV Synchrotron
SYNCHROTRON INJECTIONMain Injector: 120 GeV, 0.56 Hz Cycle, 1.67 MW Beam Power
Surplus Protons: 8 GeV, 11.7 Hz Avg Rate, 0.39 MW Beam Power 8 GeV Synchrotron Cycles 2.5E13 per Pulse at 15Hz
Ma in Inje c tor Ene rgy
6 In je c tionCyc le s
21 Extra8 Ge V
P roton Cyc le s
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3Time (s e c )
MI Energy
Injection Cycles
8 GeV Proton Cycles
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Linac Allows Reduced MI Beam Energywithout Compromising Beam Power
MI cycles to 40 GeV at 2Hz, Retains 2 MW MI beam power
Main Injector: 40 GeV, 2.0 Hz Cycle, 2.0 MW Beam PowerLinac Protons: 8 GeV, 4.0 Hz Cycle, 0.8 MW Beam Power Linac Electrons: 8 GeV, 4.0 Hz Cycle, 0.8 MW Beam Power
8 GeV Linac Cycles 1.5E14 per Pulse at 10Hz
Ma in Inje c tor Ene rgy
H-Inje c tion
8 Ge VP rotons
8 Ge VEle c trons
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3Time (s e c )
MI EnergyH- Injection8 GeV ProtonsElectrons
• # neutrino evts. ~ same vs. E
• Reduces tail at higher neutrino energies.
• Permits Flexible Neutrino Program
2MW @40 GeV
NOT SPECIFIED
FOR SYNCHROTRON
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Baseline Design
• Only bare H- Linac or Synchrotron
0.5 MW Stand-Alone Power (& 2 MW upgrade path)
• Main Injector Intensity Upgrades for 2MW
• Reference Experimental Program -TBD
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Main Injector Intensity Upgrade• RF: Major upgrade. Need a second power amplifier for each
cavity (and 4 more cavities for synchrotoron option).• Power supply: moderate upgrade (for synchrotron option)• Magnet: OK.• Shielding & Beam Dump: OK.• Cooling capacity: OK for magnet, needs to be doubled for
RF.• Gamma-t jump system: New.• Large aperture quad: New. (In Progress for Run II / NUMI)• Collimation system: New. (In Progress for Run II / NUMI?)• Passive damper and active feedback: (New..?)• Stop band correction: New.• NuMI and other 120 GeV Beamlines: Under study.
http://www-bd.fnal.gov/pdriver/
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Proton Driver Linac Parts1. MAIN “TESLA” LINAC (1-8 GeV)
~ Exact copy of TESLA, 1.5% of LC
2. Beta<1 “Squeezed TESLA” Linac– “SNS” SCRF linac at f = 1300 MHz
3. “Pulsed RIA” Front End Linac– spoke SCRF cavities at 325 MHz
4. H- Source & RF Quad & MEBT~ Copy of JPARC 325 MHz front end
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
0.5 MW with TESLA Frequencies & SCRF F.E.
RFQRFQ
Modulator
H -
B=0.47 B=0.47 B=0.61 B=0.61 B=0.61 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81
Modulator
"Pulsed RIA" SCRF Linac 325 MHz 0 - 120 MeV
Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1
Modulator Modulator
12 Klystrons (2 types) 11 Modulators 20 MW ea. 1 Warm Linac Load 54 Cryomodules~550 Superconducting Cavities
8 GeV 0.5 MW LINAC
8 Klystrons288 cavites in 36 Cryomodules
2 Klystrons96 cavites in 12 Cryomodules
Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1
Modulator Modulator
Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1
Modulator Modulator
Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1
Modulator Modulator
Modulator
48 cavites/ Klystron
36 cavites/ Klystron
TESLA Klystrons1300 MHz 10 MW
"Squeezed TESLA" Superconducting Linac1300 MHz 0.087 - 1.2 GeV
"TESLA" LINAC 1300 MHz Beta=1
SSR SSR SSR DSR DSR DSR
Multi-Cavity Fanout at 10-20kW/cavityPhase & Amplitude Adjust via Fast Ferrite Tuners
TESLA Klystrons1300 MHz 10 MW
325 MHz Klystrons1.5 MW
8 GeV SCRF Linac
325 MHzWarm Copper RFQ0 – 3 MeV
1300 MHzElliptical β = 0.80.5 – 1.3 GeV1300 MHz
- or -325 MHz
Elliptical β = 0.5, 0.6- or -
RIA Spokes β ~ 0.50.1 – 0.5 GeV
325 MHzRIA Spokes β ~ 0.210 – 100 MeV
325 MHzRIA Spokes β ~ 0.1
- or -Warm Copper DTL
3 – 10 MeV
1300 MHzTESLA β = 1.001.3 – 8.0 GeVFrequencyTechnologyE (GeV)
“ Grey Area “
“ Grey Area “
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
8 GeV Superconducting LinacTECHNICAL SUBSYSTEM DESIGNS EXIST AND WORK
BUT NEED INDUSTRIALIZATION
FNAL/TTFModulators
SNS Cavites (JLAB) “TTF Style” Cryomodules
CivilConst.Based
on FMI
TESLA RFDistribution * w/ phase shifters
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Proton Driver Linac - Technology Flow
RFQ
“PULSED RIA”SCRF SpokeCavity Linac
“SNS / RIA”Beta < 1 Elliptical
Cavity Linac
“TESLA”Elliptical Cavity SCRF Linac
Beta = 1 1300 MHz
JHF(KEK)
RIA (ANL)APT (LANL)
TRASCO (INFN)
SNS (JLAB)RIA (MSU)
FNALANL / SNS
New FNAL Proton Source Linear Collider Test Facility
TESLACOLLABORATION
BNL / SNS
FNAL Proton PlanUpgrades
NUMI Beamline & Infrastructure
H_
325 MHzRFQ andKlystron
SCRFSpoke
Cavities
LinacAccel.
Physics
SNSProductionExperience
β < 1Cavity
Design
FastFerrite
Shifters
PulsedModu-lators
Cavities
Cryogenics
Klystrons
RF
Distribution
Beam Transportand CollimationDesign
MainInjector@2 MW 8 GeV beams:
P, n, ν, µ, e…Technological& HEP Applications
Neutrino Super-beams
Other Labs & Universities
PROTON DRIVER
8 GeV1.3 GeV
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
JHF 325 MHz RFQ and Klystrons for TESLA-Compatible* Front End
JHF 325 MHz RF Quad JHF 325 MHz3 MW Klystron* TESLA frequency = 1300 MHz
= 4*325 MHz
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Beta<1 Cavities and Superconducting Quads
• INFN (Legnaro) / MSU Collaboration
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
LANL (APT) ANL (RIA)
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Successful Beta=0.47 Cavity TestsMSU / JLAB / INFN for RIA
Repeat this Collaboration at TESLA’s 1300 MHz
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
9 Cell Beta=1 Cavities, 1207.5 MHz
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Proton Driver Klystrons
Toshiba E3740A325 MHz 3 MW(In Production for JPARC )
1300 MHz10 MW3 Manufacturers
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Advanced RF Distribution
DIRECTIONALCOUPLER
(POWER SPLIT)
MAGIC TEEAND CAVITY RF
POWER COUPLER
CIRCULATORAND LOADCOAXIAL
FERRITE STUBTUNER ANDWAVEGUIDETRANSITION
RF FROMKLYSTRON
E/
YET!
Nov 18, 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Fast Ferrite Phase Shifters
• Provides fast, flexible drive to individual cavites of a proton linac, when one is using a TESLA-style RF fanout. (1 klystron feeds 36 cavities)
• Also needed if Linac alternates between e and P.
• This R&D was started by SNS but dropped due to lack of time. They went to one-klystron-per-cavity which cost them a lot of money ($20M - $60M / GeV).
Making this technology work is important to the financial feasibility of the 8 GeV Linac.
Nov 18, 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
RF Fan-out for 8 GeV Linac~10 RF Engineers & Physicists in AD & TD
CIRCULATOR/ ISOLATOR
Magic Tee
FerriteLoaded Stub
CAVITYBEAM
1/8 Power Split (9.03 dB)
DIRECTIONAL COUPLER
1/7 Power Split (8.45 dB)
1/6 Power Split (7.78 dB)
1/5 Power Split (6.99 dB)
1/4 Power Split (6.02 dB)
1/3 Power Split (4.77 dB)
1/2 Power Split (3.01 dB)
E-H TUNER
KLYSTRON
35 footwaveguidefrom galleryto tunnel
Nov 18, 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
RF Fanout at Each Cavity
CIRCULATOR/ ISOLATOR
Magic Tee
FerriteLoaded Stub
CAVITYBEAM
DIRECTIONAL COUPLER
E-H TUNER
KLYSTRON
35 footwaveguidefrom galleryto tunnel
CIRCULATOR / ISOLATOR - Passes RF power forward towards cavity - Diverts reflected power to water cooled load
KLYSTRON - RF Power Source - Located in Gallery above tunnel - Each Klystron Feeds 8-16 Cavities
DIRECTIONAL COUPLER - Picks of a fixed amount of RF power at each station - Passes remaining power downstream to other cavities
E-H TUNER - Provides Phase and Amplitude Control for Cavities - Biased Ferrite Provides Electronic Control
SUPERCONDUCTING RF CAVITY - Couples RF Power to Beam
Four Ferrite Tuner Designs
1. Coaxial2. Strip Line 3.Waveguide 4. 3-Stub / Voice Coil
Preferableat
325 MHz,Low Power
Preferableat
1300 MHz,High Power
ELECTRONICALLY ADJUSTABLEE-H TUNER (1300 MHz Waveguide)
Magic Tee
MICROWAVE INPUT POWER from Klystron and Circulator
E-HTUNER
Reflected Power(absorbed by circulator)
ATTENUATED OUTPUT TO CAVITY
ELECTRONIC TUNINGWITH BIASED FERRITE
Bias Coil
FerriteLoadedStub
FERRITE LOADED SHORTED STUBSCHANGE ELECTRICAL LENGTH DEPENDING ON DC MAGNETIC BIAS.
TWO COILS PROVIDE INDEPENDENTPHASE AND AMPLITUDE CONTROL OF CAVITIES
Development contract with AFT.
Prototype due ~ April 05
Fast-Ferrite Phase Shifter R&DYIG Ferrite Phase Shifter Prototypes
(1300 MHz Waveguide Style)
Iouri Terechkine, Timergali Khabiboulline, Ivan Gonin (TD)
Water-CooledWaveguideStub
BiasCoils
BiasYoke
Simulation
F=1266 MHz. Parallel Bias.
F=1292 MHz. Parallel Bias.
F=1266 MHz. Anti-parallel Bias.
1300 MHz Waveguide YIG Ferrite Phase Shifter
Low Power Measurements
• High Power measurements coming soon
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200
Bias, Gs
Phas
e, d
eg.
G550, 1300 MHz.
-1.0
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200
Bias, Gs
|S11
|, dB
G550, 1300 MHz.
About 200 degree phase shift for bias range 1350-3000 G.
Absorption <0.1dBwith phase shift ~160 degrees
Development Contract Placed with AFT for full-spec 1300 MHz I/Q tuner assembly
Al Moretti (AD)AFT 352 MHz Single tuner built for CERN SPL
Complete I/Q Tuner Including:• Two Phase Shifters
• Hybrid
• Control Electronics
• FNAL-ProvidedPower Supply
Ferrite Tuner (coax)• Coax design is preferredat 325MHz
• In-house design tested to 660kW at 1300 MHz
• To be tested with Argonne / APS352MHz Klystron
• Fast coil and flux return shouldrespond in ~50us
Dave Wildman (AD), Vladimir Kashikhin, Emanuela Barzi (TD)
YIG Ferrite Phase Shifter Prototypes (1300 MHz Waveguide Style)
Water-CooledWaveguideStub
BiasCoils
Iouri Terechkine, Timergali Khabiboulline, Ivan Gonin (TD)
F=1266 MHz. Parallel Bias.
F=1292 MHz. Parallel Bias.
F=1266 MHz. Anti-parallel Bias.
Simulation
BiasYoke
1300 MHz Waveguide YIG Ferrite Phase Shifter
Low Power Measurements
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200
Bias, Gs
Phas
e, d
eg.
G550, 1300 MHz.
About 200 degree phase shift for bias range 1350-3000 G.
-1.0
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200
Bias, Gs
|S11
|, dB
G550, 1300 MHz.
Absorption <0.1dBwith phase shift ~160 degrees
• High Power measurements coming soon
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
THE NEXT STEP• There is a 100% overlap in the
plans for the next step of the SCRF Proton Driver and the SCRF Linear Collider:
• Set up 1 GeV of Cold linac– At Fermilab– With as many components from
new vendors as possible
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Proton Driver - 0.5 MW with TESLA Frequencies & SCRF F.E.
RFQRFQ
Modulator
H -
B=0.47 B=0.47 B=0.61 B=0.61 B=0.61 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81
Modulator
"Pulsed RIA" SCRF Linac 325 MHz 0 - 120 MeV
Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1
Modulator Modulator
12 Klystrons (2 types) 11 Modulators 20 MW ea. 1 Warm Linac Load 54 Cryomodules~550 Superconducting Cavities
8 GeV 0.5 MW LINAC
8 Klystrons288 cavites in 36 Cryomodules
2 Klystrons96 cavites in 12 Cryomodules
Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1
Modulator Modulator
Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1
Modulator Modulator
Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1 Beta=1
Modulator Modulator
Modulator
48 cavites/ Klystron
36 cavites/ Klystron
TESLA Klystrons1300 MHz 10 MW
"Squeezed TESLA" Superconducting Linac1300 MHz 0.087 - 1.2 GeV
"TESLA" LINAC 1300 MHz Beta=1
SSR SSR SSR DSR DSR DSR
Multi-Cavity Fanout at 10-20kW/cavityPhase & Amplitude Adjust via Fast Ferrite Tuners
TESLA Klystrons1300 MHz 10 MW
325 MHz Klystrons1.5 MW
325 MHztest area
1300 MHztest area
ILC
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
FNAL Meson Area SMTF Layout Example
325 MHzTESLA-CompatibleBeta <1 Linac Test
Four CryomoduleSystem Test
A0 Photoinjector& Beam Tests
Connection to Meson AreaCryo Plant
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
THE NEXT NEXT STEPDemonstrate a 325 MHz TESLA-Compatibile SCRF linacFor Protons and Ions
– At Fermilab– With as many components from
new collaborators and vendors as possible
325 MHzFront-EndLinac
325 MHz Klystron – Toshiba E3740A (JPARC)
115kV Pulse Transformer
ModulatorCapacitor / Switch / Bouncer
ChargingSupply
RFQ
MEBT
SCRF SpokeResonatorCryomodules
RFDistributionWaveguide
FerriteTuners
Single KlystronFeeds SCRF Linacto E > 100 MeV
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
M
325 MHz RF System
Pulse Transformer& Oil Tank
IGBT Switch & Bouncer
CAP
BANK
10 kV110 kVCharging
Supply
300kW
MODULATOR: FNAL/TTF Reconfigurable for 1,2 or 3 msec beam pulse
SingleJPARC Klystron325MHz
3 MW
WR2300 Distribution Waveguide
TOS
HIB
A E
3740
A
I
Q
M
E
I
Q
M
B
I
Q
M
T
I
Q
M
R F Q
I
Q
M
Cables toTunnel
Fast Ferrite Isolated I/Q Modulators
RF Couplers
S
I
Q
M
S
I
Q
M
R
I
Q
M
S
I
Q
M
S
I
Q
M
R
I
Q
M
400kW 20 kW
D
I
Q
M
S
I
Q
M
R
I
Q
M
I
Q
MD
I
Q
M
S
I
Q
M
R
I
Q
M
120 kW
10kV
H-
Medium EnergyBeam TransportCopper Cavities
Radio FrequencyQuadrupole
Cryomodule #1 Single-SpokeResonators
Cryomodule #2 Double-Spoke
Resonators
20 kW
Fast Ferrite I/Q Modulator Concept
Single Module Including:1. Circulator / Isolator
2. Hybrid(s) & loads
3. Two Fast-Ferrite Tuners
Complete resonance control for One CavityLow power versions may fit on Single Circuit Board
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
TESLA-Compatible beta<1 linac concept
1. Cost-Effective TESLA design at 1300 MHz for e- and relativistic protons
2. Modified RIA SCRF design at 325MHz for ~3 MeV < E < ~200 MeV
• Single Klystron Drives entire linac up to 200 MeV• Beta < 1 SCRF components spread across
international collaboration• Become “standard threads” for future designs
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
M
325 MHz RF System
Pulse Transformer& Oil Tank
IGBT Switch & Bouncer
CAP
BANK
10 kV110 kVCharging
Supply
300kW
MODULATOR: FNAL/TTF Reconfigurable for 1,2 or 3 msec beam pulse
SingleJPARC Klystron325MHz
3 MW
WR2300 Distribution Waveguide
TOS
HIB
A E
3740
A
I
Q
M
E
I
Q
M
B
I
Q
M
T
I
Q
M
R F Q
I
Q
M
Cables toTunnel
Fast Ferrite Isolated I/Q Modulators
RF Couplers
S
I
Q
M
S
I
Q
M
R
I
Q
M
S
I
Q
M
S
I
Q
M
R
I
Q
M
400kW 20 kW
D
I
Q
M
S
I
Q
M
R
I
Q
M
I
Q
MD
I
Q
M
S
I
Q
M
R
I
Q
M
120 kW
10kV
H-
Medium EnergyBeam TransportCopper Cavities
Radio FrequencyQuadrupole
Cryomodule #1 Single-SpokeResonators
Cryomodule #2 Double-Spoke
Resonators
20 kW
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Collaborate to Develop Standard SCRF Components• Standardization is difficult (and often
unadvisable) when a technology is developing rapidly
• SCRF is now mature, and within a factor of ~1.5 of ultimate gradients
• The TESLA-XFEL project guarantees a large base of 1300 MHz SCRF.
Collaborate to Develop standard designs at TESLA-compatible frequencies, for many new projects.
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Project Information• 125 Page Design
Study
• Cost Estimate Spread Sheet w/ BoE
http://tdserver1.fnal.gov/project/8GeVlinac
FNAL-TM-2169 (Part II)
An 8 GeV Superconducting
Injector Linac Design Study
1 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................2 MOTIVATION FOR THE 8 GeV LINAC..................................................................
2.1 Multi-Mission Linac ..............................................................................................2.2 Main Injector Operations with the 8 GeV Linac ...................................................2.3 Relevance to Future Accelerator Projects .............................................................2.4 Superconducting RF Technology..........................................................................
3 DESIGN OVERVIEW...................................................................................................3.1 Front-End Warm Linac (0-87 MeV) Overview.....................................................3.2 Superconducting RF (SCRF) Linac (87 MeV – 8 GeV) Overview .....................3.3 RF Power Systems - Overview..............................................................................3.4 Civil Construction Overview.................................................................................3.5 Site Selection .........................................................................................................3.6 One-Tunnel vs. Two-Tunnel Machine Layout. .....................................................3.7 Underground Klystron Gallery..............................................................................3.8 Tunnel Depth and Shielding ..................................................................................
4 CHOICE OF PRIMARY PARAMETERS .................................................................4.1 Beam Energy .........................................................................................................4.2 Beam Charge per Pulse .........................................................................................4.3 Beam Current and Pulse Width .............................................................................4.4 Linac Pulse Repetition Rate (Average Beam Power)............................................4.5 Different Particle Types in the 8 GeV Linac .........................................................
5 ACCELERATOR PHYSICS ........................................................................................5.1 Baseline Lattice and Cavity Layout ......................................................................5.2 Transverse Focusing ..............................................................................................5.3 Longitudinal Focusing and Frequency Jumps. ......................................................5.4 Linac Aperture .......................................................................................................5.5 H- Stripping from Magnetic Fields and Energy Upgrades ....................................5.6 Energy Stability and Cavity Resonance Control ...................................................5.7 Multiple Cavities per Klystron ..............................................................................5.8 Debuncher Cavity..................................................................................................
6 RUNNING ELECTRONS AND PROTONS IN THE SAME LINAC .....................
December 9 , 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Protons are from VenusResultant Energy Error after the Linac (MeV)
No Debuncher
With Debuncher
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
0 36 72 108 144 180 216 252 288 324Cavity Number with a 1 MV Voltage Error
• Cavity Voltage Errors produce downstream Energy and Phase oscillations