INDUS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Bilhaur Kanpur- 209202

A

Project report

On

“Automobile Workshop”

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

Of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGYIn

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted to: Under Guidance of:

Mr. S.K. Mishra Mr. Shiv Mohan Dubey

(H.O.D. Of civil engineering) (Lecturer, Dept. Of Civil Engineering)

INDUS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Bilhaur Kanpur- 209202

A

Project report

On

“Automobile Workshop”

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

Of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGYIn

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mr. S.K. Mishra Balvant Chauhan

(H.O.D. Of civil engineering) Vijay Bahadur Bind

Vikram I.P. Singh

Under Guidance of: Vivek Kumar

Mr. Shiv Mohan Dubey Vivek Kr. Singh

(Lecturer, Dept. Of Civil Engineering) Vivek Yadav

Name of Project

Automobile Workshop(Maruti Suzuki workshop at Jarib Cahuki, Kanpur)

INDEX

S.No. Title Page No.

1

2

3

4

5

6

Certificate

Object

Survey

Drawing

Estimation

Rate of cost

1

2

3

4

6

7

OBJECT

To prepare a project of AUTOMOBILE WORKSHOP (Maruti Suzuki workshop) in the plot of 50m X 30m at Kanpur.

The objectives of the project are:-

Carrying out a complete analysis and designing of the main structural elements of an Automobile Workshop including slabs, columns, and beams.

The structure should be able to accommodate all the machineries as well as all the required equipments needed in the auto mobile work shop.

Use structural software (AutoCAD) to make the plan. Use IS codes. Getting real life experience with engineering practices. Use of all the necessary equipments needed for the survey of

the site. To study the various elements of the structure in detail. To estimate the cost of material as well as cost of labour

along with other indirect included cost incurred in the construction of civil structures.

INTRODUCTION

BUILDING

A building can be defined as a structure which consists of walls, floors, and roofs, erected to provide covered space for different uses such as-

Residence Education Business Storage Workshop Worship

TYPES OF BUILDING

Buildings may be divided into following parts:-

(i) Residential apartment building.(ii) Office building.

(i) Residential apartment building Apartment buildings are multi-story buildings where three or more residences are contained within one structure.

(ii) Office building The primary purpose of an office building is to provide a workplace and working environment.

AUTOMOBILE WORK SHOP:-

The automobile workshop is a civil structure which is basically work place for repairing and servicing of the automobiles.

Or we may say-

“An automobile repair shop (also known as a garage) is a repair shop where automobiles are repaired by auto mechanics and electricians.”

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

The structural elements are those elements which form the supporting skeleton frame work of the building. It include the following things :-

(i) Foundation(ii) Column(iii) Beam(iv) Slab

(i) Foundation - There main function is to transmit the building load to the ground safely.

(ii) Column - There main function is to transmit the beam load to the foundation and to resist the lateral loads. It also hold the building in straight position.

(iii) Beam - there main function is to hold the slab load and to transmit them to the column.

(iv) Slab- there main function is to support the load resting on it and to transfer these load to the beam.

Detail specifications

The main items of work in a load bearing wall type of construction may be given as:–

(i) Excavation(ii) P.C.C(iii) Foundation(iv) Masonry in foundation(v) Filling in plinth(vi) Damp proof course(vii) Flooring(viii) Masonry work in super structure(ix) Doors and window(x) Roof(xi) Plaster(xii) White washing

(i) Excavation:- a trench of desired length, width and depth is excavated in order to prepare a foundation for the building.

(ii) Plain Cement Concrete: - PCC is a construction material generally used as binding materials and is composed of cement, (commonly Portland cement) and other cementations materials such as fly ash and slag cement, aggregate water, and chemical admixtures.

(iii) Foundation: – It is necessary to provide a bed of lean concrete under the main walls. The load of super structure is distributed by foundation to the ground.

(iv) Masonry in foundation: – Load bearing wall type of construction can have walls made out of bricks or

stone. Hence specifications for these items of work comprise of brick masonry in cement mortar.

(v) Filling in plinth:- Back filling of earth of done till the plinth level. This prevents the surrounding water to entre in the building because the plinth level is quiet higher than that of the ground level.

(vi) Damp proof course (DPC):– Damp proof course is provided at plinth level of the building check the rise of moisture from ground to super structure. The specifications for this item of work depend upon the intensity of rainfall in the area, the depth of sub-soil water-table and quality. For this work 35 mm thick cement concrete M15 is provided.

(vii) Flooring :– flooring is provided to have a hard, durable smooth, easy to clean, impervious and dust free surface and the materials used in flooring should be strong enough to resist its wear and tear that take place during used. It is normally to provide a layer of base concrete under ground floor over 15 cm layer of sand over earth filling in plinth.

(viii) Masonry work in super structure:- The outer walls of 230mm thickness and the inner walls of 115mm are constructed to provide privacy, safety and strength to the structure along with providing the real look to building.

(ix) Doors and windows: – Doors are provided to perform the function of access to a building and for inter- communication between different rooms. Generally normal height of door is 2100mm and width is 900mm for residential building.

(x) Roof: – Depending upon the climatic conditions, building can have a sloping roof or a flat roof. Flat roof can be in the form of cast – in situ RCC slabs or precast units having minimum thickness 100 mm.

(xi) Plaster: - Coating of the fare faced wall by the 12mm thick mortar of cement and sand, and rough faced walls by 20mm thick mortar.

(xii) White washing: - Washing of plastered walls by the proper mixture of the lime and water is done to provide the base for the paints which is supposed to be used in the building.

S.no Operation Time (in days)1 Survey, Design and Layout 32 Construction of foundation 53 construction of boundary wall 34 Construction of super structure 115 Roofing 56 Flooring 27 Fixing of doors and windows frame 48 Plastering 49 Carpentry work 4

10 White washing of walls and painting 3

BAR CHART

S. no.0

Description of activity

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

1Survey

design and layout

2Constructio

n of foundation

3construction of boundary

wall

4Construction of super structure

5 Roofing

6Fixing of

doors and windows

frame

7 Plastering

8 Flooring

9Carpentry

work

10White

washing and painting

Surveying

A Survey is an inspection of an area where work is proposed, to gather

information for a design or an estimate to complete the initial tasks

required for an outdoor activity. It can determine a precise location, access,

best orientation for the site and the location of obstacles. The type of site

survey and the best practices required depend on the nature of the project.

Examples of projects requiring a preliminary site survey include urban

construction, specialized construction (such as the location for a telescope)

and wireless network design.

design

1.Design of wall foundation –

Let us assuming that –

Angle of repose of soil = 30*

Bearing capacity of soil = 160 KN/m2

Unit weight of soil = 16.8 KN/m2

Height of wall above the ground level

H = height of wall above the plinth + plinth height

from ground level = 3+ 0.45 = 3.45 m

Over all depth of roof slab D = 150 mm

Live load on roof slab = 2000N/m2

= 2 KN/m2

2- Depth of foundation –

By Ramekin’s formula ,

D = p/y × (1- sinα)^2 ÷(1-sinα)^2

Here ,

D = 160/16.8 × ( 1- sin 30) ^2 ÷ ( 1- sin30) ^2 D = 1.06 m = 1.10 m (say)

Hence adopt depth of foundation = 1.10 m

3- Load calculation –

Self weight of wall per metre = L× B×H

= 1×0.3×3.45×19.2

= 17.28 KN/m

Width of foundation = 2×t + 30

= 2×30 + 30 = 90 cm = 0.9 m

4- Design of roof slab –

Size of room = 4.0 m × 3.5 m (clear inside dimension) Thickness of wall supporting slab = 300 mm = 0.3 00 m

Live load on roof slab = 2000KN/m2

The slab is simply supported on all four sides with corners not held down.

Using M15 grade of concrete and mild steel Fe415.

Design constants –

For M15 grade of concrete and Fe 415 grade reinforcement Then,

fck = 5 N /mm2

Fst = 140 N/mm2, m =19

Neutral axis factor , k = x ÷ d = (m ×fck×d)÷ (mfck + fst)

k = (19×5) ÷(19×5 + 140) = 0.404

Hence k = 0.404

Lever arm factor , j = (1- k)÷3

j = (1- 0.404)÷ 3 = 0.065

j = 0.065

Coefficient of moment of resistance, R = ( fck × j × k )÷2

R = (5×0.865×0.404)÷2

R = 0.874

Let ,

Over all depth of slab = 150 mm

Assuming , 10mm dia. Main bars and 15 mm clear cover

Hence ,

Effective depth of slab, d = overall depth – clear cover – 0.5 × dia. of main bars

= 150 – 0.5 ×10

= 130 mm

Effective depth , d = 130 mm

Length of room = width of room

L = 8 , B = 3.5

Hence , L/B = 4/3.5 = 1.1228 < 2

Therefore slab will be designed as two way slab and effective span shall be smaller of the following –

1. (a) Centre to centre bearing = 4000 + 300/2 = 4150 mm

= 4.150 m

(b) Clear span + effective depth = 4000 + 130 = 4130 mm

= 4.130 m

2. (a) Centre to centre bearing = 3500 + 300/2 = 3650 mm = 3.650m

(b) Clear span + effective depth = 3500 + 130 = 3630 mm = 3.630 m Hence, effective span lx (shorter) = 3.630 m Effective span ly (longer) = 4.130 m Effective span = 3.630 m

Load calculations –

1. (a) Due to self weight of 150 mm thick slab = 0.15 ×25000

= 3750 N/m2

(b) Weight of 100 mm thick lime concrete = 0.100 × 19200 = 1920 N/m2

2. Live load = 2000 N/m2

Hence , total load = 3750 + 1920 + 2000 = 7670 N = 7.670 KNTotal load = 7670 N

By Ramkine’s formula –(A) Weight on shorter span –

Wb = ( L^4 ×W) ÷ ( L^4 + B^4 ) = (4.130^4) × 7670 ÷ (4.130^4 + 3.630^4) = 4803.38 N

(B) Weight on longer span, Wl = W – Wb = 7670 – 4803 Wl = 2867 N

Bending moment –

(a) Maximum bending moment on shorter span,

Mb = (Wb × B^2) ÷ 8 = 4803 × (3.630)^2 ÷ 8 = 7911.08 N-m

Bending moment = 7911081 N-mm

(b) Maximum bending moment on longer span, Ml = ( Wl × L^2)/8 = 2867 × (4.130^4) / 8 = 6112.76 N-m

Bending moment = 6112760 N-mm

Thickness of slab –

d = ( (moment of resistance ) ÷ ( 0.874 × 1000))^0.5

d = ( ( 7911081) ÷ ( 0.874 ×1000))^0.5 = 95.13 mm

d = 100 mm (say) < 130 mm

Therefore overall depth of slab = 150 mm and

effective depth of slab = 130 mm

Area of reinforcement along shorter span,

= (Moment of resistance ) ÷ (fst × j × d)

= ( 7911081) ÷ ( 140 × 0.865 × 130 )

= 502 mm^2

By using 10 mm of main steel bars –

Area of one bar , Ast = ( × d^2) ÷ 4π

= ( × 10^2 ) ÷ 4 = 78. 5 mm^2π

And spacing = ( 1000 × 78.5)÷ 502

= 156.37 mm = 150 mm (say)

Hence , provide 10 mm diameter bars @ 150 C/C ,

Bend up alternate bar at L/7 = 3.630 / 7 = 0.518 mm = 520 mm from the centre of bars.

Area of reinforcement along the span (Ly) perpendicular to the above span –

Ast = ( Moment of resistance) ÷ { j × (d – d‘ ) × st }

= (6112760) ÷ { 0.865 × ( 130 – 10)× 140 } = 420 mm^2

Centre to centre spacing of 10 mm diameter bars = (78.5×1000) ÷ 420

= 187 mm

This should not be more than 3d or 300 mm , so 3 × 120 = 360 , or 300mm,

Therefore centre to centre spacing = 190 mm

Bendup alternate bars @ L /7 = (4.130) ÷ 7 = 590 mm

Actual area of provided , Ast = (1000 × 78.54) ÷ 300

= 261.08m m2

Check –

1. Shear force for shorter span – Vb = (W × B) ÷ 3 = (7670 × 3.630 ) ÷ 3 = 9280 N

2. Shear force for longer span – Vl = [ L ÷ B ] × W × B ÷ [ 2 + ( L ÷ B ) ] = [4.130 ÷ 3.630] × 7670 × 3.630 ÷ [ 2 + (4.130 ÷ 3.630) ] = 10091.31 N

Hence , = V ÷ ( b × d ) τ

= 10091 ÷ (1000 × 130) = 0.077 N /mm^2

= 0.077 N/mm^2τ

The permissible shear stress * for M15 grade concrete ;τ

P = (100Ast) ÷ (b × d) = (100 × 261.08) ÷ (1000×130) = 0.21%

And for slab 150 mm over all depth , from table = k × *τ

= 1.30 × 0.21 = 0.273 N/m2

But 0.273 > 0.077 ; hence safe .

Check for development length –

1. Considering , shorter span –M1 = (fst × Ast × x × j × d) ÷ 2 = 140 × 502 × 0.865 × 130 = 3951443 N-mmM1 = 3.95 × 10 ^6 N-mm

So,

Development length Ld ≤ [ 1.3 (M1/V) + Lo ]

Anchorage length, Lo = 12 or d (max.)Φ

= 12 × 10 or 130 mm = 130 mm

Hence,

Lo = 130 mm will be taken.

Development length = ( × fst )÷ ( 4 *)Φ τ

= (10 × 140) ÷ (4× 0.6) = 583 mm Ld = 583 mm

[ 1.3 (M1/V) + Lo ] = [ 1.3 ( 3.95×10^6) ÷ 9280 ] + 130

= 683 mm

Since

M1 / V + Lo ≥ Ld 58 ≤ 683Φ

= 683/ 58 = 11.78 mm = 12mm (say)Φ

But dia. of main bar is 10 , so bars safe in developmentΦ .

2. Considering longer span of slab –

M1 = (fst × Ast × y × z) ÷ 2

= (140 × 420 ×0.865 × 130) ÷ 2 = 3.3 × 10^6 N-m

Ld = 583 mm

1.3 M1 + Lo = 1.3 (3.3 × 10^6 ÷ 100.91) + 130

= 555 mm

Now , 58 = 555 mm Φ

Φ = 9.58 mm (say = 10 mm)

Since used bars are also 10 mm , so , bars are safeΦ .

METHOD OF ESTIMATION

METHOD OF ESTIMATION

Centre Line Method

Long Wall and Short

WallCrossing Method

Long wall short wall method

Length of long wall

l1=c/c length + width of step

Length of short wall

l2=c/c length -width of step

1- Excavation work

Description of work Measurements

quantity remarkNo. L (m) B (m)

h/d

Earth work (boundary walls)Long wall 2 50.67 0.90 0.75 68.40 m3 49.77+0.9 =

50.67 m Short wall

2 28.87 0.90 0.75 38.97 m3 29.77 – 0.9 = 28.87 m

Earth work (inner walls) Long wall

4 18.37 0.60 0.60 26.45 m3 17.77 +0.6 = 18.39 m

Short wall

3 14.71 0.60 0.60 15.88 m3 15.31 – 0.6 = 14.71 m

Long wall 1 12.6 0.60 0.60 4.53 m3 12 + .6 =12.60m

Short wall 2 7.05 0.60 0.60 5.07 m3 7.65 – 0.6 = 7.05m

Other wall 1 18.54 0.6 0.60 6.67 m3

Total 166 m3

2- P.C.C. WORK IN FOUNDATION

Description of work Measurements

quantity remarkNo. L (m) B (m)

h/d

P.C.C. (boundary walls)Long wall 2 50.67 0.90 0.30 27.36 m3

Short wall

2 28.87 0.90 0.30 15.58 m3

P.C.C. (inner walls) Long wall

4 18.37 0.60 0.15 6.61 m3

Short wall

3 14.71 0.60 0.15 3.97 m3

Long wall 1 12.6 0.60 0.15 1.14 m3

Short wall 2 7.05 0.60 0.15 1.26 m3

Other wall 1 18.54 0.6 0.15 1.67 m3

Total 57.6 m3

3- BRICK MASSONARY IN FOUNDATION

Description of work Measurements

quantity

remark

No. L (m) B (m)

h/d

1ST STEPLong wall 2 50.34 0.57 0.15 11.26 m3 49.77 +0.57 =

50.34 m Short wall

2 29.20 0.57 0.15 4.99 m3 29.77- 0.57 = 29.20m

Long wall

4 18.17 0.40 0.15 4.36 m3 17.76 +.4 = 18.17m

Short wall 3 14.91 0.40 0.15 2.68 m3

Long wall 1 12.40 0.40 0.15 0.74 m3 15.31-0.4 =14.91m

Short wall 2 7.25 0.40 0.15 0.87 m3 12+.4 =12.4mOther wall 1 18.54 0.40 0.15 1.12 m3 7.65-0.4 =

7.25m2ND STEP

Long wall 2 50.23 0.46 0.30 13.86 m3 49.77 +0.46 = 50.23 m

Short wall

2 29.31 0.46 0.30 8.10 m3 29.77- 0.46 = 29.31m

Long wall

4 18.09 0.30 0.075

1.62 m3 17.76 +.3 = 18.09m

Short wall 3 15.01 0.30 0.075

1.01 m3 15.31-0.3 =15.01m

Long wall 1 12.30 0.30 0.07 0.276 m3 12+.3 =12.3m

5Short wall 2 7.35 0.30 0.07

50.331 m3 7.65-0.3=

7.35mOther wall 1 18.54 0.30 0.07

50.41m3

3ND STEP

Long wall 2 50.12 0.35 0.40 14.94m3 49.77 +0.35 = 50.12 m

Short wall

2 29.42 0.35 0.40 8.23 m3 29.77- 0.35 = 29.42m

Long wall

4 17.96 0.20 0.625

8.98 m3 17.76 +.2 = 17.96m

Short wall 3 15.11 0.20 0.625

5.66 m3 15.31-0.2 =15.11m

Long wall 1 12.20 0.20 0.625

1.525 m3 12+.2 =12.2m

Short wall 2 7.45 0.20 0.625

1.86 m3 7.65-0.2= 7.45m

Other wall 1 18.54 0.20 0.625

2.138m3

TOTAL 94.33m3

4- D.P.C. WORK

Measurements

Description of work quantity remarkNo. L (m) B (m)

h/d

Long wall 2 50.12 0.35 ----- 35.08m2

Short wall

2 29.42 0.35 ----- 20.59m2

Long wall

4 17.96 0.20 ----- 14.37m2

Short wall 3 15.11 0.20 ----- 9.06m2

Long wall 1 12.20 0.20 ----- 2.44m2

Short wall 2 7.45 0.20 ----- 2.98m2

Other wall 1 18.54 0.20 ----- 3.70m2

TOTAL 88.247m2

5- MASSONARY WORK IN SUPER STRUCTURE

Description of work Measurements

quantity remarkNo. L (m) B (m)

h/d

Long wall 2 50.0 0.23 3.0 69.00m3 49.77 +0.23 = 50.0 m

Short wall

2 29.54 0.23 3.0 40.76 m3 29.77- 0.23 = 29.54m

Long wall

4 17.65 0.115

4.75 38.57 m3 17.76 +..115 = 17.65m

Short wall 3 15.19 0.115

4.75 24.90 m3 15.310.115=15.19m

Long wall 1 12.115

0.115

4.75 6.618 m3 12+.115 =12.115m

Short wall 2 7.353 0.115

4.75 8.232 m3 7.65-0.115= 7.535m

Other wall 1 18.54 0.115

4.75 10.12m3

TOTAL 198.217 m3

6- R.C.C. WORK

Measurements

Description of work quantity remarkNo. L (m) B (m)

h/d

RCC WORK 1 18.626

15.83

0.10 29.485m3

L= 17.76+.30+.3+.23= 18.626B= 15+.23+.23+.23= 15.83

7- STEEL ROOF TRUSS

STEEL IN ROOF TRUSS 6@880 Kg/truss with Purling and accessories

5280 Kg

8- PLASTER WORK

Description of work Measurements

quantity remarkNo. L (m) B (m)

h/d

Long wall 4 50.0 ------ 3.0 600m2

Short wall 2 29.54 ------ 3.0 354.48m2

Long wall 4 17.65 ------ 4.75 670.85m2

Short wall 3 15.19 ------ 4.75 433m2

Long wall 1 12.115

------ 4.75 115.09m2

Short wall 2 7.353 ------ 4.75 139.39m2

Other wall 1 18.54 ------ 4.75 176.13m2

TOTAL 2488.97m2

9- FLOORING WITH TERA COTA STONE

Description of work Measurements

quantity remarkNo. L (m) B (m)

h/d

FLOOR AREA ----- 49.54 29.54

------ 1463.41m2

L = 50.0-2X.23 = 49.54m

B = 30 – 2X.23= 29.54 m

No. Of terracotta @0.36m2

/stone1463.41/0.36= 4065 Nos.

10- DEDUCTIONS

Description of work Measurements

quantity remarkNo. L (m) B (m)

h/d

DOOR (D1) 2 0.70 0.23 2.10 0.676m3

DOOR (D2) 4 0.90 0.23 2.10 1.739m3

DOOR (D3) 1 2 0.23 2.10 0.966m3

DOOR (D4) 1 3 0.23 2.10 1.449m3

DOOR (D5) 1 2 0.23 2.10 0.966m3

VENTILATOR(V1) 1 0.6 0.23 0.6 0.083m3

TOTAL 5.879m3

11- SKIRTING AND DADO

Description of work Measurements

quantity remarkNo. L (m) B (m)

h/d

SKIRTING ----- 158.16

------ 0.20 31.63m2 2x(49.54+29.54)=158.16m

DADO 2 18 ------ 1.50 54m2 4x(3+6)=18mTOTAL 85.63m2

12- TOTAL MASSONARY WORK

T. MASSONARY WORK 94.339 – 5.879 = 88.96m3

13- TOTAL NO. OF TERA COTTA STONE

T. NO. STONE @0.36m2/stone 88.96/0.36 =247.11

14- NO. OF ASBESTOR SHEET NEEDED

T. NO. ASBESTOS SHEET @3.15m2/sheet 453.846/3.15 = 144.07

MATERIAL COST

S. N0.

Items quantity Rate (Rs.) Cost (Rs.)

1 Cement 770 bags 350/bag 269500

2 L.Sand 77 m3 1000/m3 77000

3 C.Sand 29 m3 2100/ m3 60900

4 Bricks 4100 5000/1000bricks 20500

5 Grit 27 2200/ m3 59400

6 Steel 5280 Kg 45/ Kg 237600

7 Asbestos sheet

145 sheet

Total material cost in Rs. Rs. /-

LABOUR COST

S.No. Items Quantity Rate Cost (Rs.)

1 Earth work 166 m3 70/ m3 116202 P.C.C. 57.6 m3 320/ m3 184323 Flouring 1552.37 m2 65/m2 100904.054 Brick work 88.46 m3 530/ m3 46883.85 Staging for brick

work2488.97m2 16/m2 39823.52

6 Shuttering (slab) 378.22m2 130/m2 49169.697

Plastering 15mm 2488.97m2 35/m2 87113.95

12mm 2488.97m2 42/m2 104536.748 R.C.C. 29.485 510/ m3 15037.35

Total 473521.10

COST OF PROJECT

Total cost of project –Total civil works = Rs. 1182954.97

Adding – (a). 20% of civil work for necessary (electric, water,supply, sanitary fittings ) = Rs. 236590.97

(b). 0.5% of civil work for survey work = Rs. 5913.27

(c). 4% of civil work for internal road = Rs. 47318.19

(d). 2% of civil work for work charge establishment = Rs. 23659.86

(e). 3% of civil work for contingencies = Rs. 35488.64

(f). 10% of civil work for contractor profit = Rs. 118295.50

Net total cost = Rs. 1650220.62 (only