Project Report : Multipurpose Pi

Multipurpose Pi INTRODUCTION

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A Project Report On

Multipurpose Pi

Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of The Degree of

Bachelor of Engineering

In

Computer Engineering

(8thSEM)

Prepared By

Parth N Parikh (100640107058)

Piyush Sahani (100640107059)

Dharmendra Singh Pal (110640107032)

Guided By

Assistant Prof. Rohit Tiwari

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (GTU)

K.J.INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,

SAVLI, DIST: VADODARA

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

May 2015


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K.J.INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,

SAVLI, DIST: VADODARA

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this work of UDP entitled Multipurpose Pi represents the bonafide work

of Parth N Parikh (100640107058), Piyush G Sahani (100640107059) and Dharmendra Singh Pal

(100640107032) for the partial fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer

Engineering at the Department of Computer Engineering, K.J.Institute of Engineering &

Technology, Savli, Vadodara, Gujarat, during the academic year 2014-15 (Sem-8) and his work is

satisfactory.

Internal Guide, Project Coordinators,

Rohit Tiwari Dipali Jitiya

Assistant Professor Assistant Professors

Computer Engineering Department Computer Engineering Department

Head of Department, Principal,

Sohil Shah Dr. Neetha John

Assistant Professor KJIT,Savli.

Computer Engineering Department


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Abstract Project Description:

In todays fast growing world of technology computer and its proper education is very

important. Our proposed project`s motto is to make available an learning platform at very low

cost which could be affordable by each and every one, Project Multipurpose Pi will be

developed using the concepts of embedded system Raspberry PI configuring with different

applications , open source codes and tools to sum-up a perfect credit card sized device with

multiple functions.

Applicability of the Project:

This project is applicable for both Commercial and Public Utility Model. Web Server,

Controlling electronic devices, NAS, Media Centre, and Video Gaming.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to acknowledge the contribution of certain distinguished people, without their support

and guidance this project work would not have been completed.

I take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks and deep sense of gratitude to my internal project

guide Mr.Rohit Tiwari, Asst. Professor, Computer Engineering, KJIT, for his guidance and moral

support during the course of preparation of this project report. I really thank him from the rock bottom

of my heart for always being there with his extreme knowledge and kind nature.

I take this opportunity to thank all my friends and colleagues who started me out on the topic and

provided extremely useful review feedback and for their all-time support and help in each and every

aspect of the course of my project preparation. I am grateful to my K.J. Institute of Engineering &

Technology, Savli for providing me all required stuff and good working environment.

Acknowledgements and thanks are also extended to all the authors whose articles have been referred

to for the completion of this report.

Parth N Parikh

Piyush Sahani

Dharmendra Singh Pal


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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Number Description Page Number

Figure-3.1 E-R Diagram 35

Figure-3.2 Use case Diagram 37

Figure-3.3 Sequence Diagram 39

Figure-3.4 Activity Diagram 41

Figure-3.5 Class Diagram 43

Figure-4.2.1 Desktop on High Resolution Display (HDMI) 48

Figure-4.2.2 Desktop on Low Resolution Display (RCA) 49

Figure-4.2.3 Gamming On Multipurpose Pi 50

Figure-4.2.4 IDLE - Python Programming 51

Figure-4.2.5 Graphics Creation Programming 52

Figure-4.2.6 Starting Raspbian 53

Figure-4.2.7 Starting Raspberry Pi Controlling Via SSH 54

Figure-4.2.8 Shell in Raspbian 55

Figure-4.2.9 Using Scratch Programming 56

Figure-4.2.10 Raspbian Basic Configuration Menu 57

Figure-4.3.1 XBMC Main Screen 58

Figure-4.3.2 Images from Hard Drive 59

Figure-4.3.3 Live Radio 60

Figure-4.3.4 Live Tv (with Addon IPNA) 61

Figure-4.3.5 Live TV 62

Figure-4.3.6 Movies Title 63

Figure-4.3.7 Music from Hard Drive 64

Figure-4.3.8 Music Streaming from Android Phone 65

Figure-4.3.9 Music Streaming from Internet 66

Figure-4.3.10 Video Streaming from Android Phone 67

Figure-4.4.1 LED Testing With GPIO 68

Figure-4.4.2 Single LED Blinking 69

Figure-4.4.3 Controlling LED Using Android Device 70

Figure-4.5.1 Network Attached File Server (NAS) 71


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LIST OF TABLES

Figure-4.6.1 Accessing Web Server 72

Table Number Description Page

Number

Table 4.1.1 Raspberry Pi Specifications 45

Table 4.1.2 GPIO input/output pin electrical characteristics 46

Table 4.1.3 GPIO 26 Pin Header 47


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ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

ABBREVIATIONS

GPIO : General Purpose Input Output

SDLC : Software Development Life Cycle

SRS : System Requirement Specification

UML : Unified Modelling Language

GUI : Graphical User Interface


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SYMBOLS

E-R Diagram:

Entities: Attributes:

Relationship: Link:

Data flow Diagram:

Data Flow: Process:

Source: Data Store:


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Use case Diagram:

Actor: System Boundary:

Use Case: Connectors:

Sequence Diagram:

Actor: Object Life Cycle:

Activation: Synchronous Message:


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INDEX

Abstract I

Acknowledgement II

List of Figures III

List of Tables IV

Symbols and Abbreviations V

Index VIII

Chapter : 1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Project Detail 14

1.1.1 Project Definition 14

1.1.2 Project Profile 14

1.2 Purpose 16

1.3 Scope 16

1.4 Objective 16

1.5 Technology and Literature Review 16

Chapter : 2 ABOUT THE SYSTEM 19

2.1 System Requirement Specification 20

2.1.1 Project Management Approach 20

2.1.2 Study of Current System 21

2.1.3 Limitations of Current System 22

2.1.4 Tools and Technology used 22

2.1.5 Functionality 24

2.1.6 Hardware and Software

Specification 25

2.1.7 Raspberry Pi 2(Latest Version) 26

2.2 Feasibility Study 27

2.3 Project Planning 28

Chapter : 3 ANALAYSIS 33

3.1 E-R Diagram 35

3.2 Use Case Diagram 37

3.3 Sequence Diagram 39

3.4 Activity Diagram 41

3.5 Class Diagram 43

Chapter : 4 DESIGN 44

4.1 Raspberry Pi General Specifications 45

4.2 Raspbian OS 48


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4.3 XBMC OS ( Media Centre ) 58

4.4 Controlling Electronic Devices 68

4.5 Network Accessed Storage 71

Chapter : 5 IMPLEMENTATION 73

5.1 Implementation Environment 74

5.2 Coding Standard 74

5.3

. 5.4

5.5

Tools for Python Code Quality 75

Tools for Python Code 76

Python Codes 78

Chapter :6 TESTING 79

6.1 Testing Plan 80

6.2 Testing Strategy 81

6.3 Testing Methods 81

Chapter :7 CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK 84

6.1 Conclusion 85

6.2 Future Enhancement 86

Reference 87


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CHAPTER - 1

INTRODUCTION


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1. Introduction

1.1 Project Details

1.1.1 Project Definition

Project Multipurpose Pi is developed using the concepts of embedded system Raspberry

PI configuring with different applications , open source codes and tools to sum-up a perfect

credit card sized device with multiple functions.

1.1.2 Project Profile

We have selected a project which is Multipurpose Pi for small, medium and large scale

enterprise. It will be beneficial in both Commercial Utility Model and Public Utility Model.

It will be based on embedded system technology.

The project will have following features:

Media Center :-

XBMC can be used to play almost all popular audio and video formats around. It was designed

for network playback, so you can stream your multimedia from anywhere in the house or

directly from the internet using practically any protocol available. Use your media as-is:

XBMC can play CDs and DVDs directly from the disk or image file, almost all popular archive

formats from your hard drive. XBMC will scan all of your media and create a personalized

library complete with box covers, descriptions, and fan art. There are playlist and slideshow

functions, a weather forecast feature and many audio visualizations. Once installed and

configured, your computer will become a fully functional multimedia jukebox.

NAS :-

NAS is Network Accessed Storage, one or more Hard Drive connected to the Multipurpose Pi

that provides file-based data storage services and sharing to other devices on the network.


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Controlling Electronic Devices :-

By connecting the different devices to GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) pins we can

connect almost all types of electronic devices and control them through different mediums

like Keyboard/Mouse, Android Phone, Tablets and Over Internet.

Currently we have connected an LED (Light Emitting Diode) and using android phone to

control it over Wi-Fi.

Web Server :-

A web server is a system that processes requests via HTTP, the basic network protocol used to

distribute information on the World Wide Web. The most common use of web servers is to

host websites, but there are other uses such as data storage, running enterprise applications,

handling email, FTP, educational purpose for learning in school and collages or other web uses.

Gamming :-

The emulation machine runs off of a Multipurpose Pi running Retro pie, this allows it to support

various emulators such as NES, SNES, Gameboy, Gameboy Colour, Gameboy Advance, Sega

Genesis, Neo Geo, MAME, PlayStation One and can even emulate an Apple II. It also supports

Python Games which we have practically implemented.


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1.2 Purpose

The system is being created for both public and industrial use.

Anyone can buy low cost device with multiple features compared to computer.

By this project computer literacy rate can be improved as it can be implemented

everywhere.

1.3 Scope

This device will improve the computer learning capabilities of students.

This device will improve the efficiency of an Enterprise.

This device can be used in home for entertainment, learning and luxury.

This device can work with any kind of display having RCA or HDMI port.

Exploring computing Education in Rural Schools.

Automation in Industries can be done.

It can be used as small scale web server anywhere.

1.4 Objective

In todays fast growing world of technology computer and its proper education is very

important. Our proposed project`s motto is to make available an learning platform at

very low cost which could be affordable by each and every one.

Low cost device with multiple features which gives enhancement in automation and

luxury.

1.5 Technology and Literature Review

There are many projects based on embedded system Raspberry Pi.

We have selected some of the best ones and configured all in one to make a

multipurpose device.

Some of the interesting projects are:

Raspberry Pi Web Server

How to set up a simple wired web server on your Raspberry Pi, with PHP and MySql.

The Raspberry Pi is a good choice for a webserver that will not receive too much traffic,


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such as a testing server, or small intranet, as it doesnt get too hot (so is nice and quiet), and

only uses around 5 Watts of power (approx. costing 3.50 a year if it's running 24/7)

http://www.instructables.com/id/Raspberry-Pi-Web-Server/

Raspberry Pi Remote For Free!

How to use the HDMI-CEC protocol to control your Pi with your Tv's remote control.

This is very useful because it saves you from having to buy a remote just for your Pi and

also leaves you with an open usb that you would have needed for your wireless keyboard

and mouse.

http://www.instructables.com/id/Raspberry-Pi-Remote-For-Free/

Raspberry Pi Smart Target

The Raspberry Pi Smart Target was designed to be hit by the now famous Flying Monkey,

but it can be hit by any other light object such as small ball. When the Target is hit the

following events happen:

1. A random sound effect is played through a small set of speakers connected to the

Raspberry Pi.

2. A "congratulations" message is displayed in the front LCD screen.

3. The Raspberry Pi grabs a snapshot from a network camera (Dropcam) and is posted to a

social network.

4. A random message is posted along with the picture taken by the Dropcam.

5. The whole action is immortalized in the interwebz.

http://www.instructables.com/id/Raspberry-Pi-Smart-Target/

Raspberry Pi as low-cost HD surveillance camera

This instruct able describes how to build a surveillance cam based on a Raspberry Pi

micro-computer which records HD video when something moves in the monitored area.

Live picture can be viewed from any web browser, even from your mobile while you're on

the road.

What you will get:

See live stream in any web browser from anywhere

Record any motion into video file


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Usually, such a cam will cost you around US$1.000, but with the result from this

intractable, you will get such a cam for only about US$120.

http://www.instructables.com/id/Raspberry-Pi-as-low-cost-HD-surveillance-camera/

Multipurpose Pi ABOUT THE SYSTEM

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CHAPTER - 2

ABOUT THE SYSTEM


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2. About the System:

2.1 System Requirement Specification

2.1.1 Project Management Approach

Waterfall Model has been adopted as an approach for development of project.

Most of the requirements of the project are fixed and already thought of functionality updating

is expected in future. So Waterfall model is the right approach for our project.

The waterfall model is a sequential design process, often used in software development

processes, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards through the phases of

Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design, Construction, Testing, Production/Implementation,

and Maintenance.

The waterfall development model originates in the manufacturing and construction industries:

highly structured physical environments in which after-the-fact changes are prohibitively

costly, if not impossible. Since no formal software development methodologies existed at the

time, this hardware-oriented model was simply adapted for software development.

Waterfall model, the following phases are followed in order:

1. Requirements

2. Analysis

3. design

4. coding

5. Testing

6. Acceptance

It places emphasis on documentation as well as source code. In less thoroughly designed and

documented methodologies, knowledge is lost if team members leave before the project is

completed, and it may be difficult for a project to recover from the loss.


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Figure-2.1.1 Water Fall Model

2.1.2 Study of Current System:

Currently, there are many people who dont have any computer knowledge and due to its cost

they cant afford it.

There are also many schools and organizations in rural areas where requirement of computer

is very necessary for education and development purpose.

There is very less awareness about the embedded systems which could reduce the cost of

computers and can be used for many purposes.


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2.1.3 Limitations of Current System:

Currently only computers are used for computer education that also not on all places.

Size of computer is very huge and it is bulky compared to Multipurpose Pi.

Cost of computer is also very high almost three times of Multipurpose Pi.

Higher power consumption for running a computer.

Limited display options are available.

Only Universal Serial Bus as port for connecting different devices.

Very less chance of easy portability.

Cannot run for 24 x 7 without specific environment.

2.1.4 Tools & Technology Used:

Technology used:-

Embedded System (Raspberry Pi)

The Raspberry Pi is a low cost, credit-card sized computer that plugs into a computer monitor

or TV, and uses a standard keyboard and mouse

Tools:-

Raspbian Operating System

Raspbian is a free operating system based on Debian optimized for the Raspberry Pi hardware.

An operating system is the set of basic programs and utilities that make your Raspberry Pi run.

XBMC Operating System







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library complete with box covers, descriptions, and fan art. There are playlist and slideshow



SD Formatter 4.0

This software formats all SD memory cards, SDHC memory cards and SDXC memory cards.

SD Formatter provides quick and easy access to the full capabilities of your SD, SDHC and

SDXC memory cards.

The SD Formatter was created specifically for memory cards using the SD/SDHC/SDXC

standards. It is strongly recommended to use the SD Formatter instead of formatting utilities

provided with operating systems that format various types of storage media. Using generic

formatting utilities may result in less than optimal performance for your memory cards.

The SD/SDHC/SDXC memory cards have a "Protected Area" on the card for the SD standard's

security function. The SD Formatter does not format the "Protected Area". Please use

appropriate application software or SD-compatible device that provides SD security function

to format the "Protected Area" in the memory card.

Win32 Disk Imager

This program is designed to write a raw disk image to a removable device or backup a

removable device to a raw image file. It is very useful for embedded development, namely Arm

development projects (Android, Ubuntu on Arm, etc).


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2.1.5 Functionality:

Media Center :-






library complete with boxcovers, descriptions, and fanart. There are playlist and slideshow



NAS :-

NAS is Network Accessed Storage, one or more Hard Drive connected to the Multipurpose

Pi that provides file-based data storage services and sharing to other devices on the network.

Controlling Electronic Devices :-

By connecting the different devices to GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) pins we can

connect almost all types of electronic devices and control them through different mediums

like Keyboard/Mouse, Android Phone, Tablets and Over Internet.

Currently we have connected an LED (Light Emitting Diode) and using android phone to

control it over Wi-Fi.

Web Server :-

A web server is a system that processes requests via HTTP, the basic network protocol used to

distribute information on the World Wide Web. The most common use of web servers is to

host websites, but there are other uses such as data storage, running enterprise applications,

handling email, FTP, educational purpose for learning in school and collages or other web uses.

Gamming :-


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The emulation machine runs off of a Multipurpose Pi running Retropie, this allows it to support

various emulators such as NES, SNES, Gameboy, Gameboy Color, Gameboy Advance, Sega

Genesis, Neo Geo, MAME, PlayStation One and can even emulate an Apple II. It also supports

Python Games which we have practically implemented.

2.1.6 Hardware and Software Specification:

H/w Requirements:

o Raspberry Pi Model B

o Display ( HDMI )

o Keyboard

o Mouse

o External Hard Disk

o USB Power Hub

o Wi-Fi Adapter

o Portable Power Bank

S/w Requirements:

o Operating System: Raspbian, XBMC

o Open Source applications and tools.


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2.1.7 Raspberry Pi V2 Latest Version

The Raspberry Pi 2 Model B is the second generation Raspberry Pi. It replaced the original Raspberry

Pi 1 Model B+ in February 2015.

Compared to the Raspberry Pi 1 it has:

A 900MHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 CPU

1GB RAM

Like the (Pi 1) Model B+, it also has:

4 USB ports

40 GPIO pins

Full HDMI port

Ethernet port

Combined 3.5mm audio jack and composite video

Camera interface (CSI)

Display interface (DSI)

Micro SD card slot

VideoCore IV 3D graphics core

Because it has an ARMv7 processor, it can run the full range of ARM GNU/Linux distributions,

including Snappy Ubuntu Core, as well as Microsoft Windows 10 (see the blog for more information).

The Raspberry Pi 2 has an identical form factor to the previous (Pi 1) Model B+ and has complete

compatibility with Raspberry Pi 1.


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2.2 Feasibility Study

Feasibility studies aim to objectively and rationally uncover the strengths and weaknesses

of an existing business or proposed venture, opportunities and threats as presented by the

environment, the resources required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for

success. In its simplest terms, the two criteria to judge feasibility are cost required and value

to be attained.

The assessment is based on an outline design of system requirements, to determine whether

the company has the technical expertise to handle completion of the project.

Economic Feasibility

Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of a

new system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis, the procedure is to determine

the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and compare them with

costs.

If benefits outweigh costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the system.

An entrepreneur must accurately weigh the cost versus benefits before taking an action.

Cost-based study:

It is important to identify cost and benefit factors, which can be categorized as follows:

Development cost

Operating cost

This is an analysis of the costs to be incurred in the system and the benefits derivable out

of the system.

Time-based study:

This is an analysis of the time required to achieve a return on investments. The future value

of a project is also a factor.


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Operational Feasibility

Operational feasibility is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems, and

takes advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies

the requirements identified in the requirements analysis phase of system development.

Schedule Feasibility

A project will fail if it takes too long to be completed before it is useful. Typically this means

estimating how long the system will take to develop, and if it can be completed in a given

time period using some methods like payback period. Schedule feasibility is a measure of

how reasonable the project timetable is.

Technical Feasibility

A large part of determining resources has to do with assessing technical feasibility. It

considers the technical requirements of the proposed project. The technical requirements are

then compared to the technical capability of the organization. The systems project is

considered technically feasible if the internal technical capability is sufficient to support the

project requirements.

2.3 Project Planning

Project planning is part of project management, which relates to the use of schedules such as

Gantt charts to plan and subsequently report progress within the project environment.

Initially, the project scope is defined and the appropriate methods for completing the project

are determined. Following this step, the durations for the various tasks necessary to complete

the work are listed and grouped into a work breakdown structure. The logical dependencies

between tasks are defined using an activity network diagram that enables identification of the

critical path.

Necessary resources can be estimated and costs for each activity can be allocated to each

resource, giving the total project cost


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At this stage, the project plan may be optimized to achieve the appropriate balance between

resource usage and project duration to comply with the project objectives. Once established

and agreed, the plan becomes what is known as the baseline.

Progress will be measured against the baseline throughout the life of the project. Analyzing

progress compared to the baseline is known as earned value management.

Gantt Charts

Gantt Charts are useful tools for analyzing and planning more complex projects.

Help you to plan out the tasks that need to be completed

Give you a basis for scheduling when these tasks will be carried out

When a project is under way, Gantt charts are useful for monitoring its progress. You

can immediately see what should have been achieved at a point in time, and can

therefore take remedial action to bring the project back on course. This can be essential

for the successful and profitable implementation of the project.

Allow you to plan the allocation of resources needed to complete the project, and help

you to work out the critical path for a project where you must complete it by a particular

date.

When a project is under way, Gantt Charts help you to monitor whether the project is

on schedule. If it is not, it allows you to pinpoint the remedial action necessary to put it

back on schedule.

Sequential and parallel activities:

An essential concept behind project planning (and Critical Path Analysis) is that some activities

are dependent on other activities being completed first. As a shallow example, it is not a good

idea to start building a bridge before you have designed it!

These dependent activities need to be completed in a sequence, with each stage being more-or-

less completed before the next activity can begin. We can call dependent activities 'sequential'

or 'linear'.


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Other activities are not dependent on completion of any other tasks. These may be done at any

time before or after a particular stage is reached. These are nondependent or 'parallel' tasks.

Step 1.List all activities in the plan

For each task, show the earliest start date, estimated length of time it will take, and whether it

is parallel or sequential. If tasks are sequential, show which stages they depend on.

Step 2.Set up your Gantt chart

Head - up graph paper with the days or weeks through to task completion.

Step 3.Plot the tasks onto the graph paper

Schedule them in such a way that sequential actions are carried out in the required sequence.

Ensure that dependent activities do not start until the activities they depend on have been

completed.

Step 4.Presenting the analysis

The last stage in this process is to prepare a final version of the Gantt chart. This shows how

the sets of sequential activities link together, and identifies the critical path activities. At this

stage you also need to check the resourcing of the various activities. While scheduling, ensure

that you make best use of the resources you have available, and do not over-commit resource.

Analysis, development and testing of supporting modules are essential activities that must

be completed on time.

Hardware installation and commissioning is not time-critical as long as it is completed

before the Core Module Training starts.


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Figure-2.3.1 Gantt chart

Multipurpose Pi ANALYSIS

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CHAPTER - 3

ANALYSIS

3. Analysis


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3.1 E-R Diagram

An entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is a type of data modelling that shows a graphical representation

of objects or concepts within an information system or organization and their relationship to one

another.

An entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is a graphical representation of an information system that

shows the relationship between people, objects, places, concepts or events within that system. An ERD

is a data modelling technique that can help define business processes and can be used as the foundation

for a relational database.

Three main components of an ERD are the entities, which are objects or concepts that can have data

stored about them, the relationship between those entities, and the cardinality.

Which defines that relationship in terms of numbers.


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E-R Diagram

Figure-3.1: E-R Diagram


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3.2 Use Case Diagram:

A use case diagram at its simplest is a representation of a user's interaction with the system and

depicting the specifications of a use case. A use case diagram can portray the different types of users

of a system and the various ways that they interact with the system. This type of diagram is typically

used in conjunction with the textual use case and will often be accompanied by other types of diagrams

as well.


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Use Case Diagram

Figure 3.2: Use case Diagram


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3.3 Sequence Diagram:

The Sequence Diagram models the collaboration of objects based on a time sequence.

It shows how the objects interact with others in a particular scenario of a use case.

With the advanced visual modelling capability, you can create complex sequence diagram in few

clicks.

Besides, VP-UML can generate sequence diagram from the flow of events which you have defined in

the use case description.

The Sequence Diagram models the collaboration of objects based on a time sequence.

It shows how the objects interact with others in a particular scenario of a use case.

With the advanced visual modeling capability, you can create complex sequence diagram in few clicks.

Besides, VP-UML can generate sequence diagram from the flow of events which you have defined in

the use case description.


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Sequence Diagram

Figure 3.3: Sequence Diagram


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3.4 Activity Diagram:

It show the interaction, focusing on the work performance.

Display a sequence of actions including alternative execution and object involved in performing the

work.

Symbols:

Action state: It show the internal actions that are executed when in the state.

It typically has an automatic state transaction to another state when its actions have been performed.

Start State:

Stop state:

It show the interaction, focusing on the work performance.

Display a sequence of actions including alternative execution and object involved in performing the

work.


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Activity Diagram

Figure-3.4: Activity Diagram


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3.5 Class Diagram:

A class diagram is an illustration of the relationships and source code dependencies among classes in

the Unified Modelling Language (UML). In this context, a class defines the methods and variables in

an object, which is a specific entity in a program or the unit of code representing that entity.

In software engineering, a class diagram in the Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a type of static

structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the system's classes, their

attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships among objects.

The class diagram is the main building block of object oriented modelling. It is used both for general

conceptual modelling of the systematics of the application, and for detailed modelling translating the

models into programming code. Class diagrams can also be used for data modeling.[1] The classes in

a class diagram represent both the main objects, interactions in the application and the classes to be

programmed.A UML use case diagram for the interaction of a client (the actor) and a restaurant (the

system)


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Class Diagram

Figure-3.5: Class Diagram

Multipurpose Pi DESIGN

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CHAPTER 4

DESIGN


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4. Design

4.1 Raspberry Pi General Specifications

4.1.1 Raspberry Pi Specifications

CPU: BCM2835

CPU speed: 700 MHz

RAM: 512 MB

Ethernet: Yes

HDMI: Yes

Analog video: Yes

Audio 3.5 mm jack

SD socket: standard SD

On-board regulators: linear

Expansion header pins (GPIO): 26

USB ports: 2

Mounting holes: 2

Dimensions: 3.35 2.2 0.8

Weight: 40 g

Table-4.1.1: Raspberry Pi Specifications


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4.1.2 GPIO input/output pin electrical characteristics Table :

Output low voltage < 0.40 V 1)

VOL < 0.66 V 2) < 0.40 V 3)

Output high voltage > 2.40 V 4)

VOH > 2.64 V 5) > 2.90 V 6)

Input low voltage < 0.80 V 7)

VIL < 0.54 V 8) < 1.15 V 9)

Input high voltage > 2.00 V 10)

VIH > 2.31 V 11) > 2.15 V 12)

Hysteresis > 0.25 V 13)

0.66 2.08 V 14)

Schmitt trigger input low threshold 1.09 - 1.16 V 15)

VT 0.9 16)

Schmitt trigger input high threshold 2.24 - 2.74 V 17)

VT+ 0.90 V 18)

Pull-up/down 40 65K 19) resistance 100K 20)

Pull-up/down < 50 uA 21) current < 28 uA 22)

Pin capacitance 5 pF 23)

Bus hold resistance 5-11K 24)

Table-4.1.2: GPIO input/output pin electrical characteristics Table


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4.1.3 GPIO 26 Pin Header

P1: 26-pin header

Signal Pins Signal

+3.3V 1 2 +5V

GPIO_02 GPIO_00 3 4 +5V

(SDA1)

GPIO_03 GPIO_01 5 6 GND

(SCL1)

GPIO_04

7 8

GPIO_14

(GPCLK0) (UART0_TxD)

GND 9 10

GPIO_15

(UART0_RxD)

GPIO_17 11 12

GPIO_18

(PCM_CLK)

GPIO_27 GPIO_21 13 14 GND

GPIO_22 15 16 GPIO_23

+3.3V 17 18 GPIO_24

GPIO_10 19 20 GND

(SPI_0_MOSI)

GPIO_09 21 22 GPIO_25

(SPI_0_MISO)

GPIO_11

23 24

GPIO_08

(SPI_0_SCLK) (SPI_0_CE0_N)

GND 25 26

GPIO_07

(SPI_0_CE1_N)

Notes: 1. Signals in plain type are for Rev 2 boards, Signals for Rev 1 boards are shown in italics. 2. Primary functions for signals are shown in parentheses.

Table-4.1.3: GPIO 26 Pin Header


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4.2 Raspbian OS :

4.2.1 Raspbian Desktop on High Resolution Display (HDMI) :

Figure-4.2.1: Raspbian Desktop on High Resolution Display (HDMI)


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4.2.2 Raspbian Desktop on Low Resolution Display (RCA) :

Figure-4.2.2: Raspbian Desktop on Low Resolution Display (RCA)


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4.2.3 Gamming On Multipurpose Pi:

Figure 4.2.3: Gamming On Multipurpose Pi


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4.2.4 IDLE - Python Programming:

Figure-4.2.4: IDLE - Python Programming


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4.2.5: Graphics Creation Programming:

Figure-4.2.5: Graphics Creation Programming


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4.2.6: Starting Raspbian:

Figure-4.2.6: Starting Raspbian


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4.2.7: Starting Raspberry Pi Controlling Via SSH:

Figure-4.2.7: Starting Raspberry Pi Controlling Via SSH


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4.2.8: Shell in Raspbian:

Figure-4.2.8: Shell in Raspbian


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4.2.9: Using Scratch Programming:

Figure-4.2.9: Using Scratch Programming


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4.2.10: Raspbian Basic Configuration Menu:

Figure-4.2.10: Raspbian Basic Configuration Menu


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4.3 XBMC OS ( Media Center ) :

4.3.1 XBMC Main Screen:

Figure-4.3.1: XBMC Main Screen


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4.3.2 Images from Hard Drive:

Figure-4.3.2: Images from Hard Drive


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4.3.3 Live Radio:

Figure-4.3.3: Live Radio


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4.3.4 Live Tv (Add-on IPNA):

Figure-4.3.4: Live Tv (Add-on IPNA)


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4.3.5 Live Tv:

Figure-4.3.5: Live TV


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4.3.6 Movies Title:

Figure-4.3.6: Movies Title


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4.3.7 Music from Hard Drive:

Figure-4.3.7: Music from Hard Drive


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4.3.8 Music Streaming from Android Phone:

Figure-4.3.8: Music Streaming from Android Phone


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4.3.9 Music Streaming from Internet:

Figure-4.3.9: Music Streaming from Internet


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4.3.10 Video Streaming from Android Phone:

Figure-4.3.10: Video Streaming from Android Phone


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4.4 Controlling Electronic Devices :

4.4.1 LED Testing With GPIO:

Figure-4.4.1: LED Testing With GPIO


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4.4.2 Single LED Blinking:

Figure-4.4.2: Single LED Blinking


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4.4.3 Controlling LED Using Android Device:

Figure-4.4.3: Controlling LED Using Android Device


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4.5 NAS :

4.5.1 Network Attached File Server (NAS)

Figure-4.5.1: Network Attached File Server (NAS)


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4.6 Web Server :

4.6.1 Accessing Web Server

Figure-4.6.1: Accessing Web Server

Multipurpose Pi IMPLEMENTATION

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CHAPTER 5

IMPLEMENTATION


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5. Implementation:

5.1 Implementation Environment:

Our project is based on embedded system, moreover it is multi user device (User cover both

Public utility and commercial Utility usage). User can use any feature whenever they want so

for that all the features combined in such a manner that users can use it easily.

Multi Users:

The environment in our system is Multi User environment. There can be multiple users like

Public at home, Workers in industries, Students in schools and colleges, Scientist and

researchers at their labs and organizations etc.

Multipurpose:

A better model is needed so that each user can perform their task easily. Moreover system

should be such that it is easily understandable by users so they can use this system with easily

and improve their productivity and knowledge.

For this we have divided modules in two parts based on operating system used. XBMC for

Media Center and Raspbian for Webserver, NAS, Controlling Electronic Devices & Gamming.

Implementation phase requires precise planning and monitoring mechanism in order to ensure

schedule and completeness.

5.2 Coding Standard:

The following guidelines are applicable to all aspects python development:

Make code as simple and readable as possible. Assume that someone else will be reading

your code.

Prefer small cohesive classes and methods to large monolithic ones.

Use a separate file for each class, struct, interface, enumeration, and delegate with the

exception of those nested within another class.

Write the comments first. When writing a new method, write the comments for each step

the method will perform before coding a single statement. These comments will become


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the headings for each block of code that gets implemented.

Use liberal, meaningful comments within each class, method, and block of code to

document the purpose of the code.

Mark incomplete code with // TODO: comments. When working with many classes at once,

it can be very easy to lose a train of thought.

Prefer while and for each over other available looping constructs when applicable. They

are logically simpler and easier to code and debug.

5.3 GPIO (General Purpose Input Output)

The GPIO pins on a Raspberry Pi are a great way to interface physical devices like buttons and

LEDs with the little Linux processor. If youre a Python developer, theres a sweet library

called RPi.GPIO that handles interfacing with the pins. In just three lines of code, you can get

an LED blinking on one of the GPIO pins.

The R-Pi has 17 GPIO pins brought out onto the header, most have alternated functions other

than just I/O, and there are two pins for UART, two for I2C and six for SPI. All the pins can

be use for GPIO with either INPUT or OUTPUT, there also internal pull-up & pull-downs for

each pin but the I2C pins have and onboard pull-up so using them for GPIO may not work in

some cases.

Using any of the pins will require extra care, than most Arduino users maybe be used to. These

pins are 3V3 not 5V like the AVR chips, and they a directly connected to the Broadcom chip

at the heart of the R-Pi. This means there is not protection, if you send 5V down a pin there is

a good chance of killing the Pi.

There will also be an issue with trying to draw to much power form the pins, according to the

data-sheet each pin programmed to current drive between 2mA and 16mA, and it has been

warned that trying to draw 16mA from several pins at once could also lead to a damaged Pi.

Also from the wiki the "maximum permitted current draw from the 3v3 pin is 50mA" and the

"maximum permitted current draw from the 5v pin is the USB input current (usually 1A) minus

any current draw from the rest of the board." The current draw for Model B is stated as 700mA

so with a 1A power supply this leaves about 300mA to play with.


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Installing RPi.GPIO

RPi.GPIO is a small python library that take some of the complexity out of driving the GPIO

pins, once install a single LED can be lit with 3 lines of python. Installing the library is almost

as simple, either at a text console or using Terminal enter the following

$ wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/R/RPi.GPIO/RPi.GPIO-0.1.0.tar.gz

$ tar zxf RPi.GPIO-0.1.0.tar.gz

$ cd RPi.GPIO-0.1.0

$ sudo python setup.py install

5.4 Tools for Python Code Quality:

There are various tools that can help you to check your Python code for PEP8 conformance

and general code quality. We recommend using them.

pep8 checks your Python code against some of the style conventions in PEP 8. Perform

style clean-ups on master to help avoid spurious merge conflicts.

pylint analyzes Python source code looking for bugs and signs of poor quality.

pyflakes also analyzes Python programs to detect errors.

flake8 combines both pep8 and pyflakes into a single tool.

Syntactic is a Vim plugin with support for flake8, pyflakes and pylint.


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5.5 Python Codes:

Python program for activating GPIO pin to glow LED.

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO ## Import GPIO library

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) ## Use board pin numbering

GPIO.setup(7, GPIO.OUT) ## Setup GPIO Pin 7 to OUT

GPIO.output(7,True) ## Turn on GPIO pin 7

Python program to switch off LED.




GPIO.output(7,False) ## Turn on GPIO pin 7

Python program to blink LED.


import time ## Import 'time' library. Allows us to use 'sleep'



##Define a function named Blink()

def Blink(numTimes,speed):

for i in range(0,numTimes): ## Run loop numTimes

print "Iteration " + str(i+1) ## Print current loop

GPIO.output(7,True) ## Switch on pin 7

time.sleep(speed) ## Wait


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GPIO.output(7,False) ## Switch off pin 7

time.sleep(speed) ## Wait

print "Done" ## When loop is complete, print "Done"

GPIO.cleanup()

## Ask user for total number of blinks and length of each blink

iterations = raw_input("Enter total number of times to blink: ")

speed = raw_input("Enter length of each blink(seconds): ")

## Start Blink() function. Convert user input from strings to numeric data types and pass

to Blink() as parameters

Blink(int(iterations),float(speed))

Multipurpose Pi TESTING

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CHAPTER - 6

TESTING


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6.1 TESTING PLAN

Software Testing has a dual function; it is used to identify the defects in program and it is used

to help judge whether or not program is usable in practice. Thus software testing is used for

validation and verification, which ensure that software conforms to its specification and meets

need of the software customer.

Developer resorted Alpha testing, which usually comes in after the basic design of the program

has been completed. The project scientist will look over the program and give suggestions and

ideas to improve or correct the design. They also report and give ideas to get rid of around any

major problems. There is bound to be a number of bugs after a program have been created.

Analyze and check system representations such as the requirements document, design diagrams

and program source code. They may be applied at all stages of the process.

Figure 6.1 Testing Diagram


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6.2 TESTING STRATEGY

Unit Testing

Software products are normally tested first at the individual component (unit) level. Unit

testing (or module testing) is the testing of different units (or modules) of a system in

isolation.

Integration Testing

After testing all the components individually the components are slowly integrated and

tested at each level of integration. That is called integration testing.

System Testing

Finally the fully integrated system is tested that is called system testing.

6.3 TESTING METHODS

Statistical Testing

Statistical Testing is used to test the programs performance and reliability and to check

how it works under operational conditions. Tests are design to reflect the actual user inputs

and their frequency.

The stages involved in the statistical analysis for this system are as follows:

Parameter type mismatches

Parameter number mismatches

Black-Box Testing

In Black-Box Testing or Functional Testing, Developers are concerned about the output of

the module and software, i.e. whether the software gives proper output as per the

requirements or not. In another words, this testing aims to test behavior of program against

it specification without making any reference to the internal structure of the internal

structure of the program or the algorithms used. Therefore the source code is not needed,

and so even purchased modules can be tested. The program just gets a certain input and its

functionality is examined by observing the output.

This can be done in the following ways:


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Input Interface

Processing

Output Interface

The programs get certain inputs. Then the program does its jobs and generates a certain

output, which is collected by a second interface. This result is then compared to the

expected output, which has been determined before the test.

White Box Testing

White box testing is an important primary testing approach. Here code is inspected to see

what it does. This test is designed to check the code. Code is tested using code scripts,

driver, etc which are employed to directly interface with and drive the code.

The tester can analyse code and use the knowledge about the structure of a component to

drive the test data.

Performance Testing

Performance testing is design to test the runtime performance of the system within the

context of the system. This test is performed at module level as well as the as at system level.

Individual modules developed by Developers are tested for required performance.


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TEST CASES

TEST CASE: Starting, Power Failure, Internet Failure

Sr.

No

Test Case Expected Output Actual Output Status

1 Starting Raspberry Pi

with Raspbian OS

Raspbian should

Boot and Desktop

should be loaded

Booting

completed and

Desktop Loaded

Pass

2 Power Failure &

Reboot (Raspbian)

Raspbian should

Boot and Desktop

should be loaded

Booting Done

Desktop Loaded

Message : Use

Power Off to

Shutdown

Pass

3 Starting Raspberry Pi

with XBMC OS

XBMC should Boot

and Media Centre

should be loaded

Booting

completed and

Media Centre

Loaded

Pass

4 Power Failure &

Reboot (XBMC)

XBMC should Boot

and Media Centre

should be loaded

Booting Done.

Media Centre

Loaded.

Message : Use

Power Off to

Shutdown

Pass

5 Internet Connection

Lost

Running

Applications do not

affected other than

live streaming

All applications

running

successfully.

Message:

Internet Conn

Lost

Pass

Table: 6.1.1 Test Case for Starting, Power Failure, Internet Failure.

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CHAPTER - 7

CONCLUSION & FUTURE

WORK

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7. Conclusion & Future Work:

7.1 Conclusion:

The development of Multipurpose Pi includes so many people like user system developer, user

of system and the management, it is important to identify the system requirements by properly

collecting required data for its development.

Proper design builds upon this foundation to give a blue print, which is actually implemented

by the developers. On realizing the importance of systematic documentation all the processes

are implemented using a software engineering approach.

Working in a live environment enables one to appreciate the intricacies involved in the System

Development Life Cycle (SDLC) with Water fall model.

The Multipurpose Pi is developed using embedded system Raspberry Pi and Open Source tools.

The Project provide a credit card sized computer with multiple features which can be used as

both public utility model and commercial utility model.

The system includes mainly 5 modules:

(i) Media Center

(ii) Web Server

(iii) Controlling Electronic Devices

(iv) Network Access Storage

(v) Gamming

We have gained a lot of practical knowledge from this project, which we think, shall make us

stand in a good state in the future.

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7.2 Future Work:

We will try to implement voice recognition.

Controlling electronic devices directly through voice commands.

Controlling more number of electronic devices.

We will try to add motion sensing technology.

Add more applications to maximize the luxury living by automations.

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REFRENCES

1. Raspberry Pi Official Website

http://www.raspberrypi.org/

We got the startup and basic guide to achieve this successful completion of project.

2. Raspberry Pi Forum

We got help from the developer all over the world by this forum.

http://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/

3. Source forge

We got many open source tools and softwares from source forge like SD card formatter,

win32 disk writer etc.

http://www.sourceforge.net/

4. Instructables

We got ideas and help to understand the procedures easily from this tutorial website.

http://www.instructables.com/

5. Google

Last but not least, without Google we could not think to resolve our problems we faced. We

surfed thousands of website through it to successfully complete the project.

http://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/usage/gpio/

Documents

Project Report : Multipurpose Pi