Project Report Mobile Banking

7/31/2019 Project Report Mobile Banking

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IFCQXET - 37 KOXTMHUIXKMO

Omz c hc{y, xfe dcob iuyxm ety zete heqeohkoj mo xfe oex mt xfe dcob yxtckjfxl{ nmt cll xfekt

ciimuox hexckly coh icox cdle xm ko~ml~e ko xfe dcob qtmieyy hkteixl{/ Xfky Qtmdle` ico de yml~eh

xftmujf @mdkle dcobkoj Y{yxe`/ Xfe xkxle mn xfe qtmgeix ky @MDKLE DCOBKOJ/ Xfe `cko ck` mn

xfe qtmgeix ky xm `mdklkwe xfe Dcob Qtmieyy xfcx ky uyeh xm tehuie xfe iuyxmèt xtcoycixkmo-xk e cy

zell cy uyet ico cdle xm ciieyy ntm` co{zfete xftmujf `mdkle/ @mdkle dcobkoj eocdle iuyxmèt xm

ciieyy xfe konmt cxkmo ntm` fky qetymocl `mdkle coh ico cdle xm ~kez fky ciimuox hexckly/ Xfky

y{yxe` clym uyeh xm xtcoycix `moe{ xm comxfet ilkeox xftmujf xfe be{qch mn xfe `mdkle kxyeln/ Xfe

uyet ico clym ~etkn{ fky Ifesue coh he`coh htcnx hexckly kn comxfet qetymo `c{ qcyy c he`coh

htcnx mt Ifesue/ Xfe @mdkle Dcobkoj Y{yxe` tuoy ko c @mdkle Dtmzyet &Ombkc Ykùlcxmt+/ Xfe

ymnxzcte imoykyxy mn xzm qctxy ~kw/ xfe yet~et qctx coh xfe ilkeox qctx/ Xfe yet~et qctx ky qteyeox ko

@mdkle Dcobkoj yet~et ko xfe nmt` mn Hmzolmcheh Cqqlkicxkmo `mhule/ Xfe ilkeox qctx ky qteyeox

cx ecif ilkeoxy `mdkle xfe yet~et coh xfe ilkeox cte imooeixeh xm ecif mxfet m~et xfe Koxetoex uykoj

ZCQ xeifomlmj{/ @mdkle Dcobkoj qtm~khey c y{yxe` nmt xfe uyet xm ciieyy fky dcob ciimuox

xftmujf fky @mdkle/ Xfe y{yxe` clym eocdley xfe uyet xm qc{ fky ED Dkll, Xeleqfmoe Dkll xftmujf

fky `mdkle cy zell cy qc{ nmt ymè mxfet yet~kiey, zfkif fe fcy c~ckleh/ Xfe @mdkle dcobkoj

y{yxe` ky omx guyx nmt qc{èox dux c uyet mn xfe y{yxe` ico clym xtcoynet `moe{ xm comxfet ciimuox

fmlhet xftmujf xfky y{yxe`/ Fe ico teiek~e ntm` fky dcob mt ntm` fky duykoeyy cyymikcxey mt ntkeoh

mt mxfet qetymo zfm ky clym imooeixeh xm xfe y{yxe`/

Cnxet Koxetoex Dcobkoj, @mdkle Dcobkoj mt @-Dcobkoj fcy deimè xfe duww zmth ko xfe

kohuyxt{/ Kx*y c ncix xfcx Koxetoex Dcobkoj fcy jk~eo c dmmyx coh fcy yfmzo c yuiieyynul zc{ xm

imoykhet kx cy c jmmh clxetocxk~e qtmiehute cjckoyx qf{ykicl dtcoif dcobkoj/ Omz zfete e~et {mu

cte, {mu ico ciieyy {mut dcob ciimuox coh {mu ico hm lmx `mte xfkojy lkbe ifeibkoj {mut ciimuox

dclcoie, xtcoynet `moe{ xm ymè mxfet ciimuox, qc{ {mut uxklkx{ dklly molkoe coh ym mo, guyx d{

im`nmtxcdl{ ykxxkoj cx {mut fmè mt mnnkie/ Dux, xfe xeifokicl hkych~coxcje mn Koxetoex Dcobkoj ky,{mu fc~e xm fc~e koxetoex imooeixk~kx{ coh c im`quxet/ Henkokxel{ kx*y omx c dkj fkohtcoie ko UY mt

Eutmqe mt ko xfe mxfet he~elmqeh imuoxtkey, dux kn moe imoykhety xfe he~elmqkoj eimom`key, xfeo

kx*y c jeoukoe qtmdle` coh `mte yqeiknkicll{ ko xfe xket KK ikxkey/

Coh fete @mdkle Dcobkoj imèy koxm xfe qkixute xm chhteyy xfe dcyki lk`kxcxkmo mn Koxetoex

Dcobkoj/ Kn ze mol{ imoykhet Cykco he~elmqkoj imuoxtkey, xfe c~cklcdklkx{ mn `mdkle imooeixk~kx{ ky

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tecll{ fuje/ Zfete moe `c{ omx nkoh mux c lcohlkoe xeleqfmoe mt co koxetoex imooeixkmo, dux yxkll ko

xfmye te`mxe qlciey jexxkoj `mdkle imooeixk~kx{ ky omx c `cgmt kyyue xmhc{/ Ym, @mdkle Dcobkoj

fcy jk~eo xfe xtchkxkmocl dcobkoj c oezet lmmb $Co{zfete Dcobkoj$/ Omz {mu hmo*x oeeh c QI

mt c lcqxmq zkxf koxetoex imooeixk~kx{, guyx {mu oeeh {mut iell qfmoe zkxf {mu/ Imoykhetkoj xfe

Cykco eimom`{ imuoxtkey lkbe Ifkoc, Kohkc coh Bmtec fc~e yeeo xfe `mdkle dmm` ko lcyx moe

heiche/ C qtmgeixeh ~clue mn `mdkle imooeixk~kx{ ko Kohkc yfmzy xfcx kx zkll xmuif 361 @kllkmo

yudyitkdety d{ xfe eoh mn 4116, zfete kx zcy qejjeh cx ctmuoh 4 @kllkmo ko xfe {ect 4111/ Ko

Bmtec, `mte xfco :1% mn xfe eoxkte qmqulcxkmo ky ictt{koj `mdkle he~kiey/

@mdkle Dcobkoj cixk~kxkey ico de icxejmtkweh ko xzm hknneteox `cooety7

3/ D{ xfe Ocxute mn Yet~kie7 Kx ico de co{ mn xfe xzm, ekxfet Eosukt{ Dcyeh mt

Xtcoycixkmo Dcyeh/ Nmt evc`qle, Ciimuox Dclcoie Eosukt{ mt c Ifesue Dmmb Tesukykxkmo ico

de xfe jmmh evc`qley mn Eosukt{ Dcyeh Yet~kiey zfete c Nuoh Xtcoynet mt c Dkll Qc{èox ky c

Xtcoycixkmo Dcyeh cixk~kx{/

4/ Heqeohkoj mo xfe Mtkjkocxmt7 Cjcko xfete ico de xzm hknneteox x{qey mn yet~kiey2

Quyf coh Qull, heqeohkoj mo xfe ocxute mn xfe mtkjkocxmt/ C Quyf dcyeh yet~kie ky ntm` xfe

Dcob xm xfe Ilkeox coh ~kie ~etyc/ Nmt evc`qle, Dkll Qc{èox Cletx ico de c Quyf dcyeh

yet~kie, zfeo jexxkoj Teieox Ciimuox Fkyxmt{ ky c Qull dcyeh moe/

Ko hknneteox imuoxtkey, @mdkle Dcobkoj fcy cltech{ jckoeh kxy qmqulctkx{/ Nmt evc`qle, ko xfe Ymuxf

Bmteco `ctbex LJ Xeleim` xecèh uq zkxf Bmmb `ko Dcob xm qtm~khe xfekt @mdkle Dcobkoj

yet~kiey ko 4118 coh ykoie xfeo xfe{ fc~e yeeo c okie coh yxech{ jtmzxf/ Ko Kohkc, Telkcoie

Konmim`` fcy yxctxeh qtm~khkoj @mdkle dcobkoj yet~kiey xm KIKIK Dcob coh FHNI Dcob xftmujf

xfekt T-Zmtlh eo~ktmoèox/ Xfe @mdkle Dcobkoj yet~kiey zkll deimè `mte qmqulct moie xfe

c~cklcdklkx{ mn xfe y`ctx qfmoey mt QHC qfmoey yfcll koitecye cy Y`ctx Qfmoey imè zkxf lctjet

yiteeoy coh dkjjet è`mt{ ykwe/ Ko xfe cqqlkicxkmo he~elmqèox ntmox, dmxf G4@E coh DTEZ

fc~e hmoe evielleox zmtb coh kohuyxt{ evqeixy d{ xfe {ect 4134, `mte xfco 61% mn xfe `mdkle

fcohyexy zkll de cdle xm tuo yxcoh clmoe @mdkle Dcobkoj cqqlkicxkmoy coh xfcx xkè kx zkll de

$Co{zfete Dcobkoj$ ko tecl yeoye/

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3/3 Fkyxmtkicl Dcibjtmuoh

Nmt 91 {ecty, nkocoikcl koyxkxuxkmoy fc~e deeo mo c sueyx xm ycxkyn{ xfekt iuyxmèty oeeh nmt `mte

imo~eokeoie/ Nktyx icè xfe Cuxm`cxeh Xellet @cifkoe &CX@+, zfkif Oez [mtby Ife`kiclDcob koxtmhuieh xm xfe Cètkico qudlki ko 3;>;/ Kx hkh lkxxle `mte xfco hkyqeoye icyf cx nktyx, dux

xfe CX@ e~ml~eh m~et xkè xm deimè c xtue dcob-czc{-ntm`-dcob, qtm~khkoj c null yukxe mn

nkocoikcl xtcoycixkmoy/

C zm`co imuoxy fet icyf cnxet c zkxfhtczcl ntm` xfe nktyx icyf qmkox `cifkoe ko Lmohmo,

ko 3;>:/ Xfeo icè Koxetoex dcobkoj ko xfe `kh-3;;1y, zfkif eocdleh imoyuèty xm ciieyy xfekt

nkocoikcl ciimuoxy uykoj c fmè im`quxet zkxf co Koxetoex imooeixkmo/ Heyqkxe kxy qtm`kye mn

ulxk`cxe imo~eokeoie, molkoe dcobkoj ycz ylmz coh xeoxcxk~e jtmzxf cy dcoby zmtbeh mux

xeifomlmj{ kyyuey coh duklx imoyuèt xtuyx/ Xmhc{, Koxetoex dcobkoj fcy tecifeh c itkxkicl `cyy,

zkxf cdmux 95 qetieox mn U/Y/ fmuyefmlhy imohuixkoj dcob xtcoycixkmoy molkoe/

[ex dcobkoj cx xfe lk~koj tmm` im`quxet yxkll fcy ymè yetkmuy lk`kxcxkmoy/ Nktyx, mol{ >4

qetieox mn Cètkico fmuyefmlhy fc~e c im`quxet, ciimthkoj xm c 4119 yxuh{ imohuixeh d{ xfe

9
http://money.howstuffworks.com/atm.htmhttp://money.howstuffworks.com/currency.htmhttp://money.howstuffworks.com/atm.htmhttp://money.howstuffworks.com/currency.htm


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U/Y/ Ieoyuy Dutecu/ Coh mol{ 46 qetieox mn Cètkicoy fc~e dtmchdcoh Koxetoex ciieyy, zfkif ky

eyyeoxkcl xm ennkikeox, imo~eokeox yet~kie Rymutie7 JCMP/ Xfe dkjjeyx kyyue, fmze~et, ky `mdklkx{/

Xfe{ ico de icttkeh co{zfete coh cte -- d{ co eomt`muy ou`det mn qemqle/ @mte xfco 496 `kllkmo

qemqle ko xfe U/Y/ fc~e `mdkle qfmoey/ Xfcxy c zfmqqkoj :6 qetieox mn xfe qmqulcxkmo coh

zmtlhzkhe xfete cte `mte xfco 9/45 dkllkmo `mdkle qfmoe yudyitkdety, zkxf qeoextcxkmo xmqqkoj 311

qetieox ko Eutmqe/

Kn `mdkle qfmoey mol{ helk~eteh ~mkie hcxc, xfeo xfekt uye cy c ~efkile xm helk~et dcobkoj yet~kiey

zmulh de lk`kxeh/ @myx qfmoey, fmze~et, clym qtm~khe xevx-èyycjkoj icqcdklkxkey, coh c jtmzkoj

ou`det cte Zed-eocdleh/ Xfcx `cbey xfe `mdkle qfmoe co khecl èhku` xftmujf zfkif dcoby ico

helk~et c zkhe ~ctkex{ mn yet~kiey/ Dcoby ilcyykn{ xfeye yet~kiey dcyeh mo fmz konmt`cxkmo nlmzy/

C qull xtcoycixkmo ky moe ko zfkif c `mdkle qfmoe uyet cixk~el{ tesueyxy c yet~kie mt konmt`cxkmo

ntm` xfe dcob/ Nmt evc`qle, kosuktkoj cdmux co ciimuox dclcoie ky c qull xtcoycixkmo/ Ym ky

xtcoynettkoj nuohy, qc{koj c dkll mt tesueyxkoj c xtcoycixkmo fkyxmt{/ Deicuye dcoby ùyx teyqmoh mt

xcbe ymè cixkmo dcyeh mo xfe uyet tesueyx, qull xtcoycixkmoy cte imoykheteh xzm-zc{ evifcojey/ C

quyf xtcoycixkmo, mo xfe mxfet fcoh, ky moe ko zfkif xfe dcob yeohy konmt cxkmo dcyeh mo c yex mn

tuley/ C `kokù` dclcoie cletx ky c jmmh evc`qle mn c quyf xtcoycixkmo/

Xfe iuyxmèt henkoey xfe tule -- $Xell è zfeo `{ dclcoie jexy delmz (311$ -- coh xfe dcob

jeoetcxey co cuxm`cxki èyycje co{ xkè xfcx tule cqqlkey/ Yk`klct cletxy ico de yeox zfeoe~et

xfete ky c hedkx xtcoycixkmo mt c dkll qc{èox/ Cy xfeye evc`qley klluyxtcxe, quyf xtcoycixkmoy ctejeoetcll{ moe zc{, ntm` xfe dcob xm xfe iuyxmèt/ [mu ico clym ilcyykn{ `mdkle dcobkoj dcyeh mo

xfe ocxute mn xfe yet~kie/ Xtcoycixkmo-dcyeh yet~kiey, yuif cy c nuohy xtcoynet mt c dkll qc{èox,

ko~ml~e `m~eèox mn nuohy ntm` moe ymutie xm comxfet/ Kosukt{-dcyeh yet~kiey hmox/ Xfe{ yk`ql{

tesukte c teyqmoye xm c uyet suet{/ Xfe ifctx delmz yu``ctkwey xfeye ~ctkmuy x{qey mn `mdkle

dcobkoj yet~kiey/

8
http://howstuffworks.com/framed.htm?parent=mobile-banking.htm&url=http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d06426.pdfhttp://howstuffworks.com/framed.htm?parent=mobile-banking.htm&url=http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d06426.pdf


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Quyf Qull

Xtcoycixkmo

Nuohy xtcoynet, Dkll qc{èox, Yfcte

xtche, Ifeib mthet

Kosukt{

@kokù` dclcoie cletxItehkxhedkx cletx

Dkll qc{èox cletx

Ciimuox dclcoie kosukt{, Ciimuoxyxcxeèox kosukt{, Ifeib yxcxuy

kosukt{, Xtcoycixkmo fkyxmt{

Ilectl{, quyf xtcoycixkmoy cte omx cy im`qlev cy xfekt qull imuoxetqctxy/ @mdkle dcobkoj ymluxkmoy

clym ~ct{ ko xfekt hejtee mn im`qlevkx{, coh ymè mol{ mnnet c ntcixkmo mn xfe yet~kiey {mu zmulh

nkoh ko c dtkiby-coh- mtxct dtcoif/ Ko xfky teyqeix, `mdkle dcobkoj kyo*x clzc{y null-yet~kie

dcobkoj/ Xfe ncixmty xfcx cnneix xfky cte xfe x{qe mn qfmoe dekoj uyeh, xfe yet~kie qlco mn xfe

`mdkle yudyitkdet coh xfe xeifomlmj{ ntcèzmtb mn xfe dcob/ Zell lmmb cx xfeye xeifomlmjkey

oevx/

3/4 Xteohy ko @mdkle Dcobkoj

Xfe ch~eox mn xfe Koxetoex fcy eocdleh oez zc{y xm imohuix dcobkoj duykoeyy, teyulxkoj ko xfe

itecxkmo mn oez koyxkxuxkmoy, yuif cy molkoe dcoby, molkoe dtmbety coh zeclxf `cocjety/ Yuif

koyxkxuxkmoy yxkll ciimuox nmt c xko{ qetieoxcje mn xfe kohuyxt{/ M~et xfe lcyx nez {ecty, xfe `mdkle

coh zkteleyy `ctbex fcy deeo moe mn xfe ncyxeyx jtmzkoj `ctbexy ko xfe zmtlh coh kx ky yxkll jtmzkoj

cx c tcqkh qcie/ Ciimthkoj xm xfe JY@ Cyymikcxkmocoh M~u`, xfe ou`det mn `mdkle yudyitkdety

evieeheh 4 dkllkmo ko Yeqxe`det 4115, coh omz &411;+ evieehy 4/5 dkllkmo &mn zfkif `mte xfco 4

dkllkmo cteJY@+/Ciimthkoj xm c yxuh{ d{ nkocoikcl imoyulxcoi{ Ilkeox, 95% mnmolkoe

dcobkoj fmuyefmlhy zkll de uykoj `mdkle dcobkoj d{ 4131, uq ntm` leyy xfco 3% xmhc{/ Uqzcthy

mn :1% mn dcob ieoxet icll ~mluè ky qtmgeixeh xm imè ntm` `mdkle qfmoey/ @mdkle dcobkoj zkll

e~eoxucll{ cllmz uyety xm `cbe qc{èoxy cx xfe qf{ykiclqmkox mn ycle/ $@mdkle imoxcixleyy

qc{èoxy zkll `cbe uq 31% mn xfe imoxcixleyy `ctbex d{ 4131/ Comxfet yxuh{ ntm` 4131 d{Detj

Koykjfxnmteicyxy xfcx xfe ou`det mn `mdkle dcobkoj uyety ko xfe UY zkll jtmz ntm` 34 `kllkmo ko

411; xm 6> `kllkmo ko 4135/ Xfe ycè yxuh{ clym qtehkixy xfcx xfe Eutmqeco `ctbex zkll jtmz ntm`

: `kllkmo `mdkle dcobkoj uyety ko 411; xm 335 `kllkmo uyety ko 4135/@co{ delke~e xfcx `mdkle

uyety fc~e guyx yxctxeh xm null{ uxklkwe xfe hcxc icqcdklkxkey ko xfekt`mdkle qfmoey/ Ko Cykco

imuoxtkey lkbe Kohkc, Ifkoc, Dcojlcheyf, Kohmoeykc coh Qfklkqqkoey, zfete `mdkle kontcyxtuixute ky

im`qctcxk~el{ dexxet xfco xfe nkveh-lkoe kontcyxtuixute, coh ko Eutmqeco imuoxtkey, zfete `mdkle

5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovum_Ltd.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celent&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_salehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactless_paymenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactless_paymenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berg_Insight&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berg_Insight&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berg_Insight&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berg_Insight&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovum_Ltd.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celent&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_salehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactless_paymenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactless_paymenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berg_Insight&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berg_Insight&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe


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qfmoe qeoextcxkmo ky ~et{ fkjf &cx lecyx 61% mn imoyuèty uye c `mdkle qfmoe+, `mdkle dcobkoj ky

lkbel{ xm cqqecl e~eo `mte/

3/9 @mdkle Dcobkoj Duykoeyy @mhely

C zkhe yqeixtu` mn @mdkledtcoifleyy dcobkoj `mhely ky e~ml~koj/ Fmze~et, om `cxxet zfcx

duykoeyy `mhel, kn `mdkle dcobkoj ky dekoj uyeh xm cxxtcix lmz-koimè qmqulcxkmoy ko mnxeo tutcl

lmicxkmoy, xfe duykoeyy `mhel zkll heqeoh modcobkoj cjeoxy, k/e/, texckl mt qmyxcl muxlexy xfcx

qtmieyy nkocoikcl xtcoycixkmoy mo defcln xelimy mt dcoby/ Xfedcobkoj cjeox ky co k`qmtxcox qctx mn

xfe `mdkle dcobkoj duykoeyy `mhel ykoie iuyxmèt icte, yet~kie suclkx{, coh icyf `cocjeèox

zkll heqeoh mo xfe`/ @co{ xelimy zkll zmtb xftmujf xfekt lmicl cktxkè teyellety/ Fmze~et, dcoby

ko Imlm`dkc, Dtcwkl, Qetu, coh mxfet `ctbexy uye qfct`cikey, dcbetkey, exi/

Xfeye `mhely hknnet qtk`ctkl{ mo xfe sueyxkmo xfcx zfm zkll eyxcdlkyf xfe telcxkmoyfkq &ciimuox

mqeokoj, heqmykx xcbkoj, leohkoj exi/+xm xfe eoh iuyxmèt, xfe Dcob mt xfe Omo-

DcobXeleim`ùokicxkmo Im`qco{ &Xelim+/Comxfet hknneteoie lkey ko xfe ocxute mn cjeoi{

cjteeèox dexzeeo dcob coh xfe Omo-Dcob/ @mhely mn dtcoifleyy dcobkoj ico de ilcyyknkeh koxm

xftee dtmch icxejmtkey - Dcob Nmiuyeh, Dcob-Leh coh Omodcob-Leh/

Dcob-nmiuyeh @mhel

Xfe dcob-nmiuyeh `mhel eètjey zfeo c xtchkxkmocl dcob uyey omo-xtchkxkmocl lmz-imyx helk~et{

ifcooely xm qtm~khe dcobkoj yet~kiey xm kxy evkyxkoj iuyxmèty/ Evc`qley tcoje ntm` uye

mncuxm`cxki xellet `cifkoey&CX@y+ xm koxetoex dcobkoj mt `mdkle qfmoe dcobkoj xm qtm~khe

ietxcko lk`kxeh dcobkoj yet~kiey xm dcoby iuyxmèty/ Xfky `mhel ky chhkxk~e ko ocxute coh `c{ de

yeeo cy c `mheyx evxeoykmo mn imo~eoxkmocl dtcoif-dcyeh dcobkoj/

Dcob-leh @mhel

Xfe dcob-leh `mhel mnnety c hkyxkoix clxetocxk~e xm imo~eoxkmocl dtcoif-dcyeh dcobkoj ko xfcx

iuyxmèt imohuixy nkocoikcl xtcoycixkmoy cx c zfmle tcoje mn texckl cjeoxy &mt xftmujf `mdkle

qfmoe+ koyxech mn cx dcob dtcoifey mt xftmujf dcob e`qlm{eey/ Xfky `mhel qtm`kyey xfe qmxeoxkcl

xm yudyxcoxkcll{ koitecye xfe nkocoikcl yet~kiey muxtecif d{ uykoj c hknneteox helk~et{ ifcooel

&texcklety`mdkle qfmoey+, c hknneteox xtche qctxoet &xelimifcko yxmte+ fc~koj evqetkeoie coh xctjex

`ctbex hkyxkoix ntm` xtchkxkmocl dcoby, coh `c{ de ykjoknkicoxl{ ifecqet xfco xfe dcob-dcyeh

clxetocxk~ey/ Xfe dcob-leh `mhel `c{ de k`qleèoxeh d{ ekxfet uykoj imtteyqmoheox cttcojeèoxy

>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_agenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_agenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_teller_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_teller_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_teller_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_agenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_agenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_teller_machine


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mt d{ itecxkoj c G^ dexzeeo Dcob coh Xelimomo-dcob/ Ko xfky `mhel iuyxmèt ciimuox

telcxkmoyfkq teyxy zkxf xfe dcob

Omo-dcob-leh @mhel

Xfe omo-dcob-leh `mhel ky zfete c dcob fcy c lk`kxeh tmle ko xfe hc{-xm-hc{ ciimuox `cocjeèox/

X{qkicll{ kxy tmle ko xfky `mhel ky lk`kxeh xm ycne-beeqkoj mn nuohy/ Ciimuox `cocjeèox nuoixkmoy

cte imohuixeh d{ c omo-dcob &e/j/ xelim+ zfm fcy hkteix imoxcix zkxf kohk~khucl iuyxmèty/

@mdkle dcobkoj ico mnnet yet~kiey yuif cy xfe nmllmzkoj7

Ciimuox Konmt`cxkmo

3/ @kok-yxcxe eoxy coh ifeibkoj mn ciimuox fkyxmt{

4/ Cletxy mo ciimuox cixk~kx{ mt qcyykoj mn yex xfteyfmlhy

9/ @mokxmtkoj mn xet` heqmykxy

8/ Ciieyy xm lmco yxcxeèoxy

5/ Ciieyy xm icth yxcxeèoxy

>/ @uxucl nuohy esukx{ yxcxeèoxy

:/ Koyutcoie qmlki{ cocjeèox

6/ Qeoykmo qlco cocjeèox

;/ Yxcxuy mo ifesue, yxmq qc{èox mo ifesue

31/ Mthetkoj ifesue dmmby

33/ Dclcoie ifeibkoj ko xfe ciimuox

34/ Teieox xtcoycixkmoy

39/ Hue hcxe mn qc{èox &nuoixkmoclkx{ nmt yxmq, ifcoje coh helexkoj mn qc{ eoxy+

38/ QKO qtm~kykmo, Ifcoje mn QKO coh te`kohet m~et xfe Koxetoex

35/ Dlmibkoj mn &lmyx, yxmleo+ icthy

Qc{èoxy, Heqmykxy, Zkxfhtczcly, coh Xtcoynety

:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_fund


8/49

3/ Hm eyxki coh koxetocxkmocl nuoh xtcoynety

4/ @kitm-qc{èox fcohlkoj

9/ @mdkle teifctjkoj

8/ Im`ètikcl qc{èox qtmieyykoj

5/ Dkll qc{èox qtmieyykoj

>/ Qeet xm Qeet qc{èoxy

:/ Zkxfhtczcl cxdcobkoj cjeox

6/ Heqmykx cxdcobkoj cjeox

C yqeiknki yesueoie mnY@Y èyycjey zkll eocdle xfe y{yxe` xm ~etkn{ kn xfe ilkeox fcy yunnkikeox

nuohy ko fky mt fet zcllex coh cuxfmtkwe c heqmykx mt zkxfhtczcl xtcoycixkmo cx xfe cjeox/ Zfeo

heqmykxkoj `moe{, xfe ètifcox teiek~ey icyf coh xfe y{yxe` itehkxy xfe ilkeox*y dcob ciimuox mt

`mdkle zcllex/ Ko xfe ycè zc{ xfe ilkeox ico clym zkxfhtcz `moe{ cx xfe ètifcox7 xftmujf

evifcojkoj y`y xm qtm~khe cuxfmtkwcxkmo, xfe ètifcox fcohy xfe ilkeox icyf coh hedkxy xfe

ètifcox*y ciimuox/

Beo{c*y `mdkle dcobkoj yet~kie, nmt evc`qle, cllmzy iuyxmèty mn xfe `mdkle qfmoe mqetcxmt

Ycnctk/im` xm fmlh icyf dclcoiey zfkif cte teimtheh mo xfekt YK@ icthy/ Icyf `c{ de heqmykxeh mt

zkxfhtczo ntm` @-QEYC ciimuoxy cx Ycnctk/im` texckl muxlexy lmicxeh xftmujfmux xfe imuoxt{, coh

`c{ de xtcoynetteh eleixtmokicll{ ntm` qetymo xm qetymo cy zell cy uyeh xm qc{ dklly xm im`qcokey/

Moe mn xfe `myx koom~cxk~e cqqlkicxkmoy mn `mdkle dcobkoj xeifomlmj{ ky Wkhkyfc, c UY-dcyeh

omoqtmnkx `kitmleohkoj qlcxnmt xfcx cllmzy teykheoxy mn he~elmqkoj imuoxtkey xm tckye y`cll

duykoeyy lmcoy ntm` zed uyety zmtlhzkhe/ Wkhkyfc uyey `mdkle dcobkoj nmt lmco hkydutyeèoxy

coh teqc{èoxy, xtcoynettkoj nuohy ntm` leohety ko xfe Uokxeh Yxcxey xm xfe dmttmzety ko tutcl

Cntkic uykoj omxfkoj dux xfe koxetoex coh `mdkle qfmoey/

Ko~eyxèoxy

3/ Qmtxnmlkm cocjeèox yet~kiey

4/ Tecl-xkè yxmib sumxey

9/ Qetymoclkweh cletxy coh omxknkicxkmoy mo yeiutkx{ qtkiey

Yuqqmtx

6
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_agenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_agenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_agenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_agenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_message_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zidishahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_agenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_agenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_message_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zidisha


9/49

3/ Yxcxuy mn tesueyxy nmt itehkx, koiluhkoj mtxjcje cqqtm~cl, coh koyutcoie im~etcje

4/ Ifeib &ifesue+ dmmb coh icth tesueyxy

9/ Evifcoje mn hcxc èyycjey coh e ckl, koiluhkoj im`qlckox yud`kyykmo coh

xtcibkoj

8/ CX@ Lmicxkmo

Imoxeox yet~kiey

3/ Jeoetcl konmt`cxkmo yuif cy zecxfet uqhcxey, oezy

4/ Lm{clx{-telcxeh mnnety

9/ Lmicxkmo-dcyeh yet~kiey

Dcyeh mo c yut~e{ imohuixeh d{ Nmtteyxet, `mdkle dcobkoj zkll de cxxtcixk~e `ckol{ xm xfe

{muojet, `mte $xeif-yc~~{$ iuyxmèt yejèox/ C xfkth mn `mdkle qfmoe uyety yc{ xfcx xfe{ `c{

imoykhet qetnmt`koj ymè bkoh mn nkocoikcl xtcoycixkmo xftmujf xfekt `mdkle qfmoe/ Dux `myx mn

xfe uyety cte koxeteyxeh ko qetnmt koj dcyki xtcoycixkmoy yuif cy suet{koj nmt ciimuox dclcoie coh

`cbkoj dkll qc{èox/

3/8 Ch~coxcjey mn @mdkle Dcobkoj

Xfe dkjjeyx ch~coxcje xfcx `mdkle dcobkoj mnnety xm dcoby ky xfcx kx htcyxkicll{ iuxy hmzo

xfe imyxy mn qtm~khkoj yet~kie xm xfe iuyxmèty/ Nmt evc`qle co c~etcje xellet mt qfmoe xtcoycixkmo

imyxy cdmux (4/9> ecif, zfetecy co eleixtmoki xtcoycixkmo imyxy mol{ cdmux (1/31 ecif/

Chhkxkmocll{, xfky oez ifcooel jk~ey xfe dcob cdklkx{ xm itmyy-yell uq-yell xfekt mxfet im`qlev

dcobkoj qtmhuixy coh yet~kiey yuif cy ~efkile lmcoy, itehkx icthy exi/

Nmt yet~kie qtm~khety, @mdkle dcobkoj mnnety xfe oevx yuteyx zc{ xm cifke~e jtmzxf/

Imuoxtkey lkbe Bmtec zfete `mdkle qeoextcxkmo ky oectkoj ycxutcxkmo, `mdkle dcobkoj ky felqkoj

yet~kie qtm~khety koitecye te~eouey ntm` xfe omz yxcxki yudyitkdet dcye/

Clym yet~kie qtm~khety cte koitecykojl{ uykoj xfe im`qlevkx{ mn xfekt yuqqmtxeh `mdkle

dcobkoj yet~kiey xm cxxtcix oez iuyxm ety coh texcko mlh moey/ Xfe dkjjeyx ch~coxcje @mdkle

Dcobkoj qtm~khey xm xfe dcoby ky xfcx kx felqy xm iux hmzo xfe imyxy cy kx*y e~eo `mte eimom`ki

xfco qtm~khkoj xele-dcobkoj nciklkxkey zfete dcoby fc~e xm beeq fuohtehy mn xele-icllety/

Chhkxkmocll{, @mdkle Dcobkoj felqy dcoby xm uqjtche xfe suclkx{ mn yet~kiey coh ocxute mn

;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Location-based_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Location-based_service


10/49

iuyxmèt telcxkmoyfkq `cocjeèox/ Uykoj @mdkle Dcobkoj, dcoby ico im`ùokicxe xm xfe henkoeh

iluyxet mn ilkeoxy/ Xfe mnnety ico de iuyxm`kweh coh xfky qetymoclkwcxkmo ico jk~e xfe dcobkoj

kohuyxt{ c fuje `klecje, e~eo cx c lmzet imyx/ Cjcko, uykoj xfe ycè `mdkle ifcooely, dcoby ico

uq-yell coh itmyy-yell xfekt fkjfl{ im`qlev nkocoikcl qtmhuixy xm xfe yqeiknki yex mn iuyxmèty

zfkif ico de imuqleh zkxf xfe yellkoj yxtcxejkey mn Itehkx Icthy, Fmè Lmcoy coh Qetymocl Lmcoy

exi/ Mo xfe imoxtct{, xfe yet~kie qtm~khety ico clym ciitue `mte duykoeyy d{ qtm~khkoj xfe @mdkle

Dcobkoj yet~kiey xm xfekt ilkeoxy/ Imuoxtkey lkbe Gcqco, Bmtec mt Ykojcqmte zfete xfe `mdkle

imooeixk~kx{ fcy cltech{ tecifeh kxy ycxutcxkmo, xfe yet~kie qtm~khety ico `cbe fcohymè duykoeyy

d{ qtm~khkoj chhkxkmocl dcobkoj yet~kiey xm xfe ycè yxcxki ilkeox dcye/

3/5 @ctbexkoj nmt @mdkle Dcobkoj

@mdkle dcobkoj ky qmkyeh xm deimè xfe dkj bkllet `mdkle cqqlkicxkmo cteoc/ Fmze~et,

Dcoby jmkoj `mdkle xfe nktyx xkè oeeh xm xtech xfe qcxf icuxkmuyl{/ Xfe dkjjeyx heikykmo xfcx

Dcoby oeeh xm `cbe ky xfe ifcooel xfcx xfe{ zkll yuqqmtx xfekt yet~kiey mo/ @mdkle dcobkoj xftmujf

co Y@Y dcyeh yet~kie zmulh tesukte xfe lmzeyx c`muox mn ennmtx, ko xet`y mn imyx coh xkè, dux

zkll omx de cdle xm yuqqmtx xfe null dtecxf mn xtcoycixkmo-dcyeh yet~kiey/ Fmze~et, ko `ctbexy lkbe

Kohkc zfete c dulb mn xfe `mdkle qmqulcxkmo uyety* qfmoey ico mol{ yuqqmtx Y@Y dcyeh yet~kiey,

xfky `kjfx de xfe mol{ mqxkmo lenx/

Mo xfe mxfet fcoh c `ctbex fec~kl{ yejèoxeh d{ xfe x{qe coh im`qlevkx{ mn `mdkle qfmoeuycje `kjfx de jmmh qlcie xm tmll mn ZCQ dcyeh `mdkle cqqlkicxkmoy/ C ZCQ dcyeh yet~kie ico

lex jm mn xfe oeeh xm iuyxm`kwe uycdklkx{ xm xfe qtmnkle mn ecif `mdkle qfmoe, xfe xtche-mnn dekoj

xfcx kx icoomx xcbe ch~coxcje mn xfe null dtechxf mn necxutey xfcx c `mdkle qfmoe `kjfx mnnet/

@mdkle cqqlkicxkmo yxcohclmoe ilkeoxy dtkoj clmoj xfe dutheo mn yuqqmtxkoj ùlxkqle `mdkle he~kie

qtmnkley/ Ciimthkoj xm xfe Jctxoet Jtmuq, c lechkoj zkteleyy im`quxkoj imoyulxkoj mtjcokwcxkmo,

`mdkle dcobkoj yet~kiey zkll fc~e xm yuqqmtx c `kokù` mn 51 hknneteox he~kie qtmnkley ko xfe oect

nuxute/ Fmze~et, iutteoxl{ xfe deyx uyet evqetkeoie, heqeohkoj mo xfe icqcdklkxkey mn c `mdkle

qfmoe, ky qmyykdle mol{ d{ uykoj c Yxcohclmoe ilkeox/

@mdkle dcobkoj fcy xfe qmxeoxkcl xm hm xm xfe `mdkle qfmoe zfcx E-`ckl hkh xm xfe Koxetoex/

@mdkle Cqqlkicxkmo dcyeh dcobkoj ky qmkyeh xm de c dkj `-im`ètie necxute, coh kn Ymuxf Bmtec*y

nmtc{ koxm `cyy `mdkle dcobkoj ky co{ kohkicxkmo, `mdkle dcobkoj imulh zell de xfe htk~koj ncixmt

xm koitecye ycley mn fkjf-eoh `mdkle qfmoey/ Oe~etxfeleyy, Dcob*y oeeh xm xcbe c fcth coh heeq

31


11/49


12/49

Yuif c qc{èox ky iclleh co `-qc{èox, co evikxkoj imoieqx ko xfe zmtlh mn `mdkle dcobkoj/ @-

qc{èoxy zkll de qmyykdle e~eo zfeo xfe qfmoey uyet hmeyox fc~e c dcob ciimuox/ Ko yuif c

ykxucxkmo, c iell qfmoe mzoet du{y qteqckh uokxy ntm` c `mdkle mqetcxmt coh xfeo uyey xfmye uokxy

xm qc{ nmt jmmhy coh yet~kiey cx c qctxoetkoj yet~kie qtm~khet mt texcklet/ Ymè yee xfky x{qe mn

xtcoycixkmo cy c ~kxcl zc{ xm jex dcyki nkocoikcl yet~kiey xm qmqulcxkmoy ko he~elmqkoj imuoxtkey mt

ko tutcl mt te`mxe ctecy, zfete qemqle cte `mte lkbel{ xm fc~e iell qfmoey xfco dcob ciimuoxy/ Ym

qetfcqy c nuxute im`ètikcl nmt `mdkle dcobkoj zkll omx yfmz co Cètkico zm`co fcojkoj ntm`

c ilknn ko xfe Uxcf dchlcohy, dux c Beo{co ~kllcjet uykoj fet iell qfmoe xm `cbe c `moe{ xtcoynet

ko hmzoxmzo Ocktmdk/

3/: Icye Yxuhkey

Qmzetkoj Koxetocxkmocl Mqetcxkmoy zkxf xfe Xeifomlmj{ Ch~coxcje

Dcob mn Dctmhc dejco kxy xtcoynmt`cxkmo gmutoe{ d{ `kjtcxkoj xm Nkocile imte dcobkoj coh e-

Dcobkoj ymluxkmoy xfcx teqlcieh 6 mxfet hkyqctcxe lejci{ y{yxe y citmyy kxy dtcoifey ko 36

imuoxtkey/ Xfe dcoby Moe ymluxkmo/ Moe yxtcxej{ yxcoie zcy c yxtcxejki `m~e xm hexet ~eohmt-

heqeoheoie xfcx fc`qeteh xfe dcoby duykoeyy uyety zfeo xfe{ heykjoeh oez qtmhuixy coh

uqhcxeh duykoeyy tuley/

Ko~eyxèox ko Xeifomlmj{ [kelhkoj Tkif Hk~kheohy Xmhc{

Kohkcy yeimoh lctjeyx dcob coh c`moj xfe Xmq 451 ko xfe zmtlh, KIKIK Dcob ky c uok~etycl dcob

mnnetkoj c zell hk~etyknkeh qmtxnmlkm mn nkocoikcl yet~kiey/

Xfe dcob fcy cyyexy mn m~et UY( 83 dkllkmo coh m~et 38 `kllkmo iuyxmèty xftmujf c oexzmtb mn

cdmux 5:1 dtcoifey, 4111 CX@*y coh c 9411 yecx icll ieoxet/

Xeifomlmj{ Eocdleh Cjkle Dcobkoj

KHDK Dcob ky xfe im`ètikcl dcobkoj ~eoxute mn lechkoj he~elmqèox coh nkocoikcl koyxkxuxkmo mn

Kohkc, KHDK/ Cnxet c hexckleh coh tkjmtmuy e~clucxkmo, Nkocile zcy heqlm{eh cx KHDK Dcob xm qmzet

kxy texckl coh imtqmtcxe dcobkoj, xtche nkocoie, cy zell cy imoyuèt coh duykoeyy e-dcobkoj

mqetcxkmoy/

Telkcoie Konmim``, Kohkc

Zfeo Telkcoie Konmim``, Kohkc tmlleh mux kxy IH@C oexzmtb, &cx xfe xkè xfe `mdkle `ctbex ko

Kohkc zcy yxkll ko kxy koncoi{, coh hcxc yet~kiey zete cl`myx oe~et fecth mnn+ kx `che yute xfcx cll

fcohyexy yuqqmtxeh Gc~c/ Xfe Telkcoie cqqlkicxkmo qlcxnmt`, clym bomzo cy T-Zmtlh dtmujfx Gc~c

34
http://maps.howstuffworks.com/maps-of-utah.htmhttp://maps.howstuffworks.com/maps-of-kenya.htmhttp://www.infosys.com/finacle/casestudies/casestudies-Bank-of-Baroda.asphttp://www.infosys.com/finacle/casestudies/casestudies_icici.asphttp://www.infosys.com/finacle/casestudies/casestudies_idbi.asphttp://maps.howstuffworks.com/maps-of-utah.htmhttp://maps.howstuffworks.com/maps-of-kenya.htmhttp://www.infosys.com/finacle/casestudies/casestudies-Bank-of-Baroda.asphttp://www.infosys.com/finacle/casestudies/casestudies_icici.asphttp://www.infosys.com/finacle/casestudies/casestudies_idbi.asp


13/49

im`qcxkdklkx{ e~eo xm xfe lmzet eoh qfmoey/ Telkcoie uyeh c om~el zc{ xm m~etimè xfe è`mt{

lk`kxcxkmoy mn lmzet-eoh `mdkle qfmoey, zfkif fc`qeteh heqlm{koj mn ùlxkqle yxcohclmoe G4@E

dcyeh ilkeoxy/ Koyxech mn yxmtkoj cqqlkicxkmoy yxcxkicll{ mo xfekt iell qfmoey, uyety ciieyy c ykojle

èou dcyeh cqqlkicxkmo iclleh T-Zmtlh, zfkif imooeixy xfe` xm xfe Telkcoie yet~ety/ Uykoj xfe

èou dcyeh uyet koxetncie, `mdkle uyety yeleix xfe cqqlkicxkmo, zfkif xfe{ zcox xm tuo coh

hmzolmch xfe` m~et-xfe-ckt xm xfekt iell qfmoey/

39


14/49

Ifcqxet-4 7Te~kez mn Lkxetcxute

C dtken te~kez mn ymè mn xfe tele~cox lkxetcxute ky cy uohet7

4/3Kohkco te~kez

Tcojctcgco Im``kxxee&3;69+ fch htczo uq ko 3;69-68 xfe nktyx dlue qtkox nmt im`quxetkycxkmo

coh èifcokycxkmo ko dcobkoj kohuyxt{ coh lmmbeh koxm `mhclkxkey mn htczkoj uq c qfcyeh qlco nmt

èifcokycxkmo nmt xfe dcobkoj kohuyxt{ im~etkoj qetkmh 3;65-6;/ Xfe im``kxxee ko kxy teqmtx ko

3;68 teim`èoheh koxtmhuixkmo mn im`quxetkycxkmo coh èifcokycxkmo cx dtcoif, tejkmocl mnnkie

wmocl mnnkie coh fech mnnkie le~ely mn dcoby/ Ko 3;66 comxfet im``kxxee zcy imoyxkxuxeh uohet xfe

ifckt`coyfkq mn Ht/ Tcojctcgco nmt `cbkoj qlcoy nmt im`quxetkycxkmo nmt xfe oevx nk~e {ecty ntm`

3;;1-;8 nmt xfe dcobkoj kohuyxt{/ Kx kheoxknkeh xfe qutqmye mn im`quxetkycxkmo cy k`qtm~eèox ko

iuyxm et yet~kie, heikykmo `cbkoj, fmuye beeqkoj coh qtmnkxcdklkx{/ Xfe im``kxxee mdyet~eh xfcx

dcobkoj ky c yet~kie kohuyxt{ coh k`qtm~eh ennkikeoi{ zkll lech xm c ncyxet tcxe mn jtmzxf ko muxqux

coh felq xm evqcoh e`qlm{èox cll ctmuoh/

Yctcn Im``kxxee &3;;8+, lmmbeh koxm xeifomlmjkicl kyyuey telcxeh xm xfe qc{èox y{yxe` coh xm

`cbe teim`èohcxkmoy nmt zkheokoj xfe uye mn `mheto xeifomlmj{ ko xfe dcobkoj kohuyxt{/ Xfe

Yctcn im``kxxee teim`èoheh xm yex uq koyxkxuxkmoy nmt eleixtmoki nuohy xtcoynet y{yxe` ko Kohkc/

Xfe im``kxxee clym te~kezeh xfe xeleim`ùokicxkmo y{yxe` lkbe uye mn DCOBOEX coh mqxkù`

uxklkwcxkmo mn YZKNX d{ xfe dcoby ko Kohkc/

Yfete Im``kxxee &3;;5+,teim`èoheh ntc koj mn TDK &ENX y{yxe + tejulcxkmoy uohet 5;

yeixkmo 56 mn xfe Teyet~e dcob mn Kohkc Cix 3;98 &TDK Cix/+, cèohèoxy xm xfe TDK cix coh xm

xfe dcobety dmmb e~kheoie cix, 36;3 cy yfmtx xet` ècyutey coh eocixkoj mn c nez oez cixy yuif cy

ENX cix, xfe im`quxet `kyuye coh hcxc qtmxeixkmo cix exi/ cy lmoj xet` ècyutey/

Octcyk`fco Im``kxxee &3;;6+ evc`koey xfe ~ctkmuy kyyuey telcxeh xm xfe xeifomlmj{ uqjtchcxkmo

ko xfe dcobkoj yeixmt, xfe Teyet~e Dcob mn Kohkc cqqmkoxeh Octcyk`fco im``kxxee ko Yeqxe`det

38


15/49

3;;6/ Xfe im``kxxee imoykyxy mn teqteyeoxcxk~ey ntm` xfe Jm~etoèox, Teyet~e Dcob mn Kohkc,

dcoby coh ciche`ki koyxkxuxkmoy cyymikcxeh zkxf xfe konmt cxkmo xeifomlmj{/ Xfe im``kxxee heclx

zkxf xfe kyyuey mo xeifomlmj{ uqjtchcxkmo coh mdyet~eh xfcx xfe `myx mn xfe xeifomlmj{ xfcx imulh

de imoykheteh yukxcdle nmt Kohkc ko ymè nmt` mt xfe mxfet fcy deeo koxtmhuieh ko ymè hkluxeh

nmt` mt cy c qklmx qtmgeix, dux xfe heykteh yuiieyy fcy omx deeo cifke~eh deicuye mn xfe tecymoy

koxet-clkc lcib mn ilctkx{ coh ietxckox{ mo lejcl kyyuey/ Xfe im` kxxee clym yujjeyxeh

k`qle eoxcxkmo mn xfe oeieyyct{ lejkylcxk~e ifcojey, beeqkoj ko xfe ~kez xfe teim`èohcxkmoy mn

Yfete im``kxxee/

Xfe oeeh nmt chhteyykoj xfe nmllmzkoj kyyuey zcy clym e`qfcykyeh7-

Eoit{qxkmo mo Qudlki Yzkxifkoj Xeleqfmoe Oexzmtb &QYXO+ lkoey

Ch`kyykmo mn eleixtmoki nkley cy e~kheoie

Xtecxkoj Eleixtmoki Nuohy Xtcoynety mo qct zkxf itmyyeh ifesueyhtcnxy nmt qutqmyey mn Koimè

Xcv exi/

Eleixtmoki Teimth beeqkoj

Qtm~khe hcxc qtmxeixkmo

K`qleèoxcxkmo mn hkjkxcl ykjocxutey

Ilctknkicxkmo mo qc{èox nkoclkx{ ko icye mn ENX

Xcbkoj koxm imoykhetcxkmo xfe teim`èohcxkmoy d{ ~ctkmuy im``kxxeey cqqmkoxeh d{ TDK

coh jukhelkoey mn TDK, dcoby fc~e yxctxeh uykoj KX xm cuxm`cxe dcobkoj xtcoycixkmoy cohqtmieyyey/

Gcko coh Fuohcl &411>+ mdyet~eh xfcx tcqkh ifcojey ko xfe nkocoikcl yet~kiey eo~ktmoèox -

koitecyeh im`qexkxkmo d{ oez qlc{ety, qtmhuix koom~cxkmoy, jlmdclkwcxkmo coh xeifomlmjkicl

ch~coieèox - fc~e leh xm c `ctbex ykxucxkmo zfete dcxxle nmt iuyxmèty fcy deimè koxeoye/ Ko

mthet xm tkye uq xm xfe ifclleojey, yet~kie qtm~khety cte e~eo `mte koxeteyxeh xm eofcoie xfekt

uohetyxcohkoj mn imoyuèt defc~kmt qcxxetoy/ Xfky qcqet evc`koey xfe nmtiey xfcx ico cix cy

dcttkety ko `mdkle dcobkoj yet~kie chmqxkmo/ C sucoxkxcxk~e yut~e{ yfehy `mte lkjfx mo xfky

teyectif kyyue/ Xfe hcxc zcy imlleixeh ntm` c yut~e{ ko xfe Omtxfeto tejkmo mn Kohkc coh koiluhey

991 teyqmoheoxy/

35


16/49

4/4 Koxetocxkmocl Te~kez

Gcokie ex/ cl/ &4114+ dcyeh mo koxet~kezy zkxf nmut dcoby ko Fmoj Bmoj omxeh xfcx dcoby ~kez xfe

Koxetoex cy dekoj c yuqqleèoxct{ hkyxtkduxkmo ifcooel nmt xfekt qtmhuixy coh yet~kiey ko chhkxkmo xm

mxfet nmt`y mn hkyxtkduxkmo ifcooely yuif cy Cuxm`cxeh Xellet @cifkoey &CX@y+, qfmoey, `mdkle

qfmoey coh dcob dtcoifey/ Dcyki xtcoycixkmoy coh yeiutkxkey xtchkoj cte xfe `myx qmqulct x{qey mn

mqetcxkmoy xfcx iuyxmèty ictt{ mux ko Koxetoex dcobkoj/

Luyxykb &4119+ dcyeh mo xfe yut~e{ mn evqetxy mn e-dcobkoj ko Eyxmokco dcoby nmuoh xfcx Eyxmokc

fcy cifke~eh ykjoknkicox yuiieyy ko k`qleèoxcxkmo mn e-dcobkoj coh clym mo xfe xmq mn xfe lkyx ko

eètjkoj imuoxtkey/ Cll xfe `cgmt dcoby cte he~elmqkoj e-duykoeyy cy moe mn xfe imte yxtcxejkey nmt

nuxute he~elmqèox/

Czc`lef ex/ cl/ &4119+ nmuoh xfcx dcoby ko Gmthco cte omx null{ uxklkwkoj imoieqxy coh cqqlkicxkmoy

mn zed dcobkoj/ Ko im`qctkymo xm he~elmqeh koxetocxkmocl `ctbexy, kx ky nckt xm yc{ xfcx xfky yeixmt

ky lctjel{ uohe~elmqeh/ Koheeh, mol{ xzm dcoby mnneteh lk`kxeh ou`det mn yet~kiey xftmujf xfekt

zed/ Xfe `cgmt ifclleoje ncikoj nutxfet he~elmqèox mn zed dcobkoj ko Gmthco ky, nmt evc`qle,

xfe fkjf imyx mn xeleim`ùokicxkmo/ Comxfet ele eox ky xfe omo-c~cklcdklkx{ mn konmt`cxkmo

xeifomlmjkey, qcibcjey, ymluxkmoy coh fu co teymutiey, zfkif nciklkxcxey mqxkù` uye mn

xeifomlmj{/ Xfe yxuh{ te~ecleh xfcx Gmthcokco dcoby fc~e deeo yuiieyynul ko xfe koxtmhuixmt{qfcye mn zed dcobkoj/ Fmze~et, Gmthcokco dcoby cte tesukteh xm `m~e xmzcthy zed dcobkoj

uycje zkxf c ~kez xm imohuixkoj tecl nkocoikcl xtcoycixkmoy coh k`qtm~koj eleixtmoki iuyxmèt

telcxkmoy/

Uookxfco ex cl/ &4113+ yxuhkeh xfe htk~ety nmt ifcoje ko xfe e~mluxkmo mn xfe dcobkoj yeixmt coh

xfe `m~e xmzcthy eleixtmoki dcobkoj d{ nmiuykoj mo xzm eimom`key Cuyxtclkc coh Kohkc/ Xfe qcqet

nmuoh xfcx Cuyxtclkc ky c imuoxt{ zkxf Koxetoex tech{ kontcyxtuixute cy nct cy xeleim`ùokicxkmo,

yeiute qtmxmimly, QI qeoextcxkmo coh imoyuèty lkxetci{ ky imoietoeh/ Kohkc, d{ im`qctkymo, ky

m~etzfelèh d{ zecb kontcyxtuixute, lmz QI qeoextcxkmo, he~elmqkoj yeiutkx{ qtmxmimly coh

imoyuèt teluixcoie ko tutcl yeixmt/ Clxfmujf `co{ `cgmt dcoby fc~e yxctxeh mnnetkoj Koxetoex

dcobkoj yet~kiey, xfe ylmz qcie zkll imoxkoue uoxkl xfe itkxkicl `cyy ky cifke~eh nmt QI, Koxetoex

imooeixkmoy coh xeleqfmoey/ Fmze~et, xfe uqyutje mn KX qtmneyykmocly zkxf jtmzkoj he`cohy ky

3>


17/49

qteyyutkoj xfe jm~eto eox coh dutecuitci{ ko xfe imuoxt{ xm yuqqmtx coh he~elmq oez kokxkcxk~ey

nmt c ncyxet yqtech mn Koxetoex Dcobkoj/ Xfe eimom`{ ky ilcyykicll{ xfe icxif-uq moe, xt{koj xm

he~elmq coh icxif uq zkxf lechkoj eimom`key/

Zctky &411:+ imoiluheh xfcx xfe qutqmye mn xfky teyectif teqmtx ky xm cocl{ye xfe `mdkle qc{èox

`ctbex ykwe coh kxy te~eoue dcyky, cy zell cy chmqxkmo dmxxleoeiby, ko ~kez mn eyxcdlkyfkoj xfe

chmqxkmo coh heqlm{èox mn `mdkle dcobkoj yet~kiey ko Xfe Oexfetlcohy/ Xfe teyectif teqmtx

heyitkdey ~ctkmuy cyqeixy zkxf tejcth xm `mdkle qc{èoxy`mdkle dcobkoj ko Xfe Oexfetlcohy/

Kyyuey lkbe k`qleèoxcxkmo, tejulcxmt{ ntcèzmtb, eyxk`cxeh duykoeyy icye, heqlm{èox yieoctkmy,

teim`èoheh duykoeyy `mhel, c YZMX cocl{yky mn xfe xeifokicl ymluxkmoy, mtjcokwcxkmocl

dmxxleoeiby, co cocl{yky mn xfe tecymoy nmt yuiieyy coh ncklutey, coh mqeo kyyuey coh ifclleojey cte

chhteyyeh/ Xfe `cko ck` ky xm xt{ xm coyzet xfe sueyxkmo zfexfet xfete ky c `ctbex ko XfeOexfetlcohy nmt `mdkle dcobkoj yet~kiey, coh qtm~khkoj co cocl{yky mn zf{ @-dcobkoj yet~kiey

fc~e omx deeo ym yuiieyynul ko Xfe Oexfetlcohy/

Ykzkoybc &411;+ imoiluheh xfcx Xfe nkocoikcl koom~cxkmoy coh koitecyeh koxejtcxkmo mn icqkxcl

`ctbexy fc~e `che xfe ocxute mn dclcoie mn qc{èoxy xut`mkl ùif `mte im`qlev, xfco heyitkdeh

d{ nktyx jeoetcxkmo `mhely/ Xfe ye~ete nkocoikcl itkyey, zfkif etuqxeh ko 3;;1*y ko `co{ yee`kojl{

$ko~uloetcdle$ eimom`key xfcx ko `myx icyey zete ifctcixetkweh d{ c dclcoieh duhjex coh c `mheyx

qudlki hedx fc~e xutoeh czc{ xfe cxxeoxkmo mn cocl{yxy coh qmlki{ cbety ntm` nkyicl ~ctkcdley

xmzcthy mxfet hexet`kocoxy/ Xfe nkyicl ncixmty, omoexfeleyy, yxkll te`cko c`moj k`qmtxcox icuyey mn

nkocoikcl xutduleoiey, eyqeikcll{ ko eètjkoj `ctbexy, zfcx fcy deeo `cokneyxeh d{ xfe 3;;63;;;

itkyey mn NYU &Nmtèt Ym~kex Uokmo+ eimom`key/ Xfe qutqmye mn xfky qcqet ky xm te-evc`koe xfe

xfemtexkicl coh e`qktkicl lkoby dexzeeo nkyicl yeixmt coh xfe eètjeoie mn nkocoikcl itkyey, zkxf co

e`qfcyky mo xtcoykxkmo eimom`key/

Kx muxlkoey xfe `cko xfemtexkicl ifcooely coh yeeby nmt xfe e`qktkicl e~kheoie mn xfe

konlueoie mn nkyicl yeixmt mo xfe ~uloetcdklkx{ xm iutteoi{ itkyey ko he~elmqkoj coh xtcoykxkmo

imuoxtkey/ Uykoj c lctje yc`qle mn he~elmqkoj coh xtcoykxkmo imuoxtkey, kx evc`koey xfe qcxxeto mn

nkyicl ~ctkcdley denmte coh hutkoj xfe itkyky, xm yee zfexfet, mo c~etcje, xfe defc~kmt mn nkyicl

~ctkcdley hutkoj c itkyky ky hknneteox nmt` xtcosukl qetkmhy/ Xfe teyulxy kohkicxe, xfcx ko xfe icye mn

he~elmqkoj cy zell cy Ieoxtcl Eutmqeco coh IKY imuoxtkey, xfe itkyky ky, mo c~etcje qteieheh d{

3:


18/49

lctjet, xfco ko omt`cl xkèy, nkyicl henkikxy coh fkjfet le~el mn qudlki hedx/ Xfe qcqet clym cyyeyyey

xfe teieox yetkey mn nkocoikcl itkyey xfcx fc~e eètjeh ko NYU eimom`key/ Xfeye xutduleoiey, fc~e

moie cjcko he`moyxtcxeh xfe ituikcl tmle mn nkyicl yuyxckocdklkx{ ko xfe m~etcll ~uloetcdklkx{ xm

oejcxk~e evxetocl he~elmqèoxy/ Xfe NYU imuoxtkey, zfkif evqetkeoieh c itkyky, hkh, mo c~etcje,

evfkdkx `mte zkheyqtech nkyicl zecboeyyey cohmt xfekt evxetocl lkcdklkxkey zete `mte ~uloetcdle xm

xutduleoiey xfco mxfet imuoxtkey ko xfcx jtmuq/ Fmze~et, xfe nkyicl k`dclcoiey mn NYU eimom`key

zete omx guyx c imoyesueoie mn xfe imohuixeh nkyicl qmlki{/ Xfe{ zete clym c `cokneyxcxkmo mn xfe

heeqet yxtuixutcl yfmtxim`kojy coh xfe lcib mn imoykyxeox tenmt`y7 ymnx duhjex imoyxtckoxy citmyy

xfe eimom`{, zecb jm~etoèoxy, koennkikeox xcv y{yxe y, Ym~kex-x{qe duhjex evqeohkxutey/

M~etcll, e`qktkicl teyectif kohkicxey xfcx ko he~elmqkoj coh xtcoykxkmo imuoxtkey, nkyicl ~ctkcdley

te`cko c`moj ncixmty xfcx koitecye xfe lkbelkfmmh mn evifcoje tcxe coh nkocoikcl qteyyutey/

Gcbudkcbcoh Bciwmtmzybk &411;+ nmuoh xfcx Yc~koj, Ko~eyx eox, Nkocoikcl Koxejtcxkmo coh NHK

ko Ieoxtcl Eutmqe7 E~kheoie mo hmèyxki yc~kojy coh ko~eyxèoxy ko kohuyxtkclkyeh imuoxtkey

kohkicxey xfcx icqkxcl `ctbexy cte omx qetneixl{ koxejtcxeh/ Mo xfe imoxtct{, ~ctkmuy ècyutey mn

nkocoikcl koxejtcxkmo qtm~e xfcx icqkxcl fcy deimè fkjfl{ `mdkle/ Xfky qcqet qteyeoxy xfemtexkicl

evqlcocxkmoy nmt xfky ncix, hcxc mo xfe Eutmqeco Uokmo $Omtxfeto$ coh $Ymuxfeto$ yxcxey coh

eyxk`cxkmoy mn xfe yc~koj-ko~eyxèox telcxkmo nmt ymè eètjkoj Ieoxtcl coh Ecyxeto Eutmqeco

imuoxtkey &IEEIy+/ Kx zcy nmuoh xfcx hmèyxki ko~eyxèoxy ko Qmlcoh, Fuojct{, Eyxmokc, coh xfeIweif Tequdlki fc~e deeo qctxl{ nkocoieh d{ NHK konlmzy ko teieox {ecty/ C yk`klct ykxucxkmo zcy

xcbkoj qlcie ko xfe ym-iclleh $Ymuxfeto$ Eutmqe ko xfe 3;61y/ Xfete fcy deeo c jemjtcqfkicl yfknx

ko NHK konlmzy ntm` Ymuxfeto EU imuoxtkey xm `mte he~elmqeh IEEIy ko xfe `kh-3;;1y/ Kx yee`y

qmyykdle xfcx ncyx jtmzkoj NHK konlmzy ko Qmlcoh coh ko Eyxmokc imulh fc`qet xfe nuxute jtmzxf mn

yc~koj tcxe/ Xfe Koxetcixkmoy dexzeeo Qtk~cxe Yc~kojy coh Jm~etoèoxy Duhjex Henkikxy7 Xfky

qcqet cxxe`qxy xm cyyeyy xfe konlueoie mn jm~eto eox duhjex henkikx mo qtk~cxe yc~koj tcxe, zkxf

yqeikcl e`qfcyky mo Qmlcoh coh mxfet xtcoykxkmo eimom`key/ Xfe xfemtexkicl qtehkixkmoy imoietokoj

xfe hkteix k`qcix mn duhjex cixkmoy mo qtk~cxe yc~kojy cte jk~eo d{ xfe Tkicthkco-Dcttm

Esuk~cleoie Xfemte` coh xfe Oem-ilcyykicl ~kez/ Evkyxkoj e`qktkicl teyectif mo xfe imtteixoeyy

mn xfe Tkicthkco ~etyuy xfe Ilcyykicl ~kez ky lctjel{ koimoiluyk~e/ C yk`qle e`qktkicl cocl{yky nmt

Qmlcoh kohkicxey xfcx ko {ecty 3;;3-3;;: xfete zcy om yxtmoj Tkicthkco-x{qe telcxkmoyfkq dexzeeo

xfe jm~etoèox oex leohkoj coh qtk~cxe yc~kojy/ Xfete ky fmze~et c qmyykdklkx{ mn xfe evkyxeoie mn

36
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=594240http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=1323993http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=594240http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=1323993


19/49

c zecb nmt` mn Tkicthkco Esuk~cleoie ko Qmlcoh, zfeo moe cyyuèy, xfcx xfe ymikcl yeiutkx{ ky

xtecxeh hknneteoxl{ xfco xfe teyx mn jm~etoèox oex leohkoj, coh xfetenmte ymikcl yeiutkx{ dclcoie ky

eviluheh ntm` jm~etoèox duhjex dclcoie/ Fmze~et, ùif lmojet xkè yetkey ky oeeheh xm htcz

co{ yxtmoj imoiluykmoy/ Konlueoie mn Koxeteyx Tcxey mo Itehkxy coh Heqmykxy mn Omo-nkocoikcl

Yeixmt ko Qmlcoh7 Xfe `cko qutqmye mn xfky qcqet ky xm cocl{ye ncixmty xfcx konlueoie xfe `cjokxuhe

mn itehkxy coh heqmykxy felh d{ fmuyefmlhy coh eoxetqtkyey/ Xfe cocl{yky ky qetnmtèh nmt xfe

qetkmh 3;;8-3;;6 uykoj suctxetl{ xkè-yetkey hcxc/ Xfe `cjokxuhe mn itehkxy coh heqmykxy zcy

kokxkcll{ yuqqmyeh xm heqeoh mo JHQ, tecl koxeteyx tcxe, tecl evifcoje tcxe, coh @4F tcxkm

&evqlckokoj xfe he~elmqèox mn dcobkoj yeixmt ko Qmlcoh+/ Cuxfmty imoiluhe xfcx xfe jtmzxf tcxe

mn wlmx{ heom`kocxeh heqmykxy felh dmxf d{ fmuyefmlhy coh d{ eoxetqtkyey ky qmykxk~el{ imttelcxeh

zkxf tecl koxeteyx tcxe, coh xfcx xfky telcxkmo ky yxtmojet ko xfe icye mn fmuyefmlhy/ Kx ico de yckh xfcx

xfe he~elmqèox mn dcobkoj yeixmt ko Qmlcoh konlueoiey xfe jtmzxf mn itehkxy coh heqmykxy felh d{

fmuyefmlhy, dux kx hmey omx cnneix xfe defc~kmt mn nkt`y/ Kx yee`y xfcx JHQ konlueoiey xfe jtmzxf

tcxe mn heqmykxy, zfkle kx fcy om enneix mo xfe he`coh nmt itehkxy ko Qmlcoh/ C ifcoje ko xfe tecl

koxeteyx tcxe `cxxety mol{ nmt imtqmtcxe cixkmoy/ hmèyxki yc~kojy, ko~eyxèoxy, icqkxcl `ctbexy,

jm~etoèox duhjex henkikx, xtcoykxkmo imuoxtkey, Qmlcoh, `cjokxuhe mn itehkxy coh heqmykxy/

Xmctybk &411;+ heyitkdeh xfe h{oc kiy coh yxtuixute mn qudlki evxetocl lkcdklkxkey ko Dclxki

imuoxtkey7 Eyxmokc, Lcx~kc, Lkxfucokc coh ko yeleixeh imuoxtkey mn xfe Im``mozeclxf mnKoheqeoheox Yxcxey7 Bcwcbfyxco, B{tj{w Tequdlki, @mlhm~c, Tuyykco Nehetcxkmo, Ubtckoe/ Xfe

`cko nkohkoj mn xfe qcqet ky xfcx clxfmujf xfe qteyeox le~el mn evxetocl qudlki hedx mn xfeye

imuoxtkey ky omx lctje, kxy jtmzxf tcxe fcy deeo ~et{ fkjf/ Xfe `myx tcqkh jtmzxf m~et xfe zfmle

3;;4-3;;> qetkmh, ko qetieoxcje qmkoxy, zcy mdyet~eh ko B{tj{w Tequdlki coh @mlhm~c7 xfekt hedx

xm JHQ tcxkmy fc~e koitecyeh d{ m~et 81 qetieoxcje qmkoxy/ Yuif tcxe mn jtmzxf ky ~et{ fkjf, ùif

fkjfet xfeo xfe c~etcje jtmzxf tcxe mn xfe xmxcl qudlki lkcdklkxkey ko Zeyxeto MEIH imuoxtkey coh

ilectl{ uoyuyxckocdle ko xfe lmoj tuo/ Xfe hedx xm JHQ tcxkm koitecye zcy clym sukxe lctje - cdm~e

31 qetieoxcje qmkoxy - ko Bcwcbfyxco, Ubtckoe coh Lkxfucokc/ Clxfmujf kx ky im`qctcdle xm xfe

c~etcje jtmzxf mn qudlki lkcdklkxkey mn Zeyxeto MEIH imuoxtkey, kx yee`y xm de evieyyk~e ko icye mn

imuoxtkey, xfcx fc~e uoymqfkyxkicxeh coh ùif leyy he~elmqeh nkocoikcl `ctbexy cy zell cy ùif

lmzet koxetocxkmocl itehkdklkx{/ Xfe `cko icuye mn xfe tcqkh koitecye ko qudlki dmttmzkoj mn xfe

yeleixeh imuoxtkey fc~e deeo lctje coh qetykyxeox nkyicl k`dclcoiey/ C nutxfet qtmlmojeh tcqkh

3;


20/49

koitecye mn jm~etoèox hedx ky uoyuyxckocdle - e~eo xfe qteyeox hedx yet~kie tesukteèoxy cte

quxxkoj c yudyxcoxkcl qteyyute mo xfe duhjex/ Xfetenmte kx ky ituikcl, xfcx xfe cuxfmtkxkey qutyue ko

xfe ennmtx xm iutd nkyicl k`dclcoiey/

4/9 Teyectif jcqy

Cdm~e te~kez mn lkxetcxute fkjflkjfxeh xfcx ectlket teyectifety fch yxuhkeh xfe ~ctkmuy cyqeixy mn

`mdkle dcobkoj, kxy koxtmhuixkmo, he~elmqèox, chmqxkmo d{ xfe iuyxmèty, kxy yuiieyy coh yeiutkx{

telcxeh kyyuey/ Dux ectlket teyectifety fch omx yxuhkeh xfe iuyxmèty qetieqxkmoy xmzcthy @mdkle

Dcobkoj yet~kie/ Xfetenmte, xfe qteyeox yxuh{ xkxleh Iuyxm ety Qetieqxkmoy xmzcthy @mdkle

Dcobkoj7 C Yxuh{ mn Yktyc ikx{ ky uohetxcbeo xm nkll xfky jcq/

4/8 TENETEOIEY7

41


21/49

3/ Tcojctcgco &3;69+, Xeifomlmjkicl Koom~cxkmo ko Dcobkoj coh Qc{èoxy7 Kohuyxt{ Xteohy coh

K`qlkicxkmoy nmt Dcoby, Mnnkie mn xfe Im`qxtmllet mn xfe Iutteoi{, Suctxetl{ Gmutocl, ^ml/ 3:,

Om/ 9/

4/ Yctcn &3;;8+, Zfm Mnnety @mdkle Dcobkoj= Mnnkie mn xfe Im`qxtmllet mn xfe Iutteoi{,

Suctxetl{ Gmutocl, ^ml/ 3;, Om/ 4/

9/ Yfete &3;;5+, @mdkle Dcobkoj7 He~elmqèoxy coh Qtmyqeixy, Zmtbkoj Qcqet, Ieoxet nmt

Konmt`cxkmo Qmlki{ Teyectif, Fct~cth Uok~etykx{/

8/ Octcyk`fco &3;;6+, @mdkle Dcobkoj7 Zfete hmey Kohkc Yxcoh= Gmutocl mn Imoxe qmtct{

@cocje eox, ^mluè 4, Om/ 3/

5/ Gcko, Fuohcl &411>+, @mdkle Dcobkoj ko Omtxfeto Tejkmo mn Kohkc7 C Omxe mo E~mluxkmo mn

Yet~kiey coh Imoyuèt TecixkmoyGmutocl mn Koxetoex Dcobkoj coh Im`ètie, ^mluè 5, Om/ 3/

>/ Zctky, Yfckyxc &411:+, Hm @mdkle Dcobkoj Cixk~kxkey Chh ^clue= Xfe Kxclkco Dcob

Evqetkeoie, Oexfetlcohy/

:/ Ykzkoybc, Gmcooc &411;+, Ilkib coh @mtxct mn Texckl Dcobkoj7 C Icye Yxuh{ ko Fmoj Bmoj,

Oco{coj Duykoeyy Yifmml, Oco{coj Xeifomlmjkicl Uok~etykx{/

6/ Gcbudkcb, @cljmtwcxc2 Bciwmtmzybk, Qczel,&411;+, Ycuhk Ctcdkco Dcoby mo xfe Zed,

Gmutocl mn @mdkle Dcobkoj coh Im`ètie, ^ml/>, Om/ 3/

;/ Xmctybk, Xm`cyw &411;+, C Qtmxmx{qe mn c Texckl @mdkle Dcobkoj nmt Xfck Iuyxmèty,^ml/5/

31/ Luyxykb, M& 4119+, E-Dcobkoj ko Eyxmokc7 Tecymoy coh Deoenkxy mn Tcqkh Jtmzxf, Btmmo .

Eimom`{, Om/ 9/

33/Uookxfco, I/ T/ coh Yzcx`co, Q/ &4113+, Edcobkoj Chcqxcxkmo coh Hmx/Im` ^kcdklkx{ C

Im`qctkymo mn Cuyxtclkco coh Kohkco Evqetkeoiey ko xfe Dcobkoj Yeixmt, Zmtbkoj Qcqet, Yifmml

mn @cocjeèox Konmt`cxkmo Y{yxe`y, Hecbko Uok~etykx{, Om/ 38/

43
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22/49

34/Gcokie, Hc~kh coh Heooky &4114+, Ilkib coh @mtxct mn Texckl Dcobkoj7 C Icye Yxuh{ ko Fmoj

Bmoj, Oco{coj Duykoeyy Yifmml, Oco{coj Xeifomlmjkicl Uok~etykx{/

39/ Czc`lef T, E~coy G coh @cfcxe C/ &4119+, Koxetoex Dcobkoj ko E`etjeoi{ @ctbexy Xfe

Icye mn Gmthmo - C Omxe,Gmutocl mn Koxetoex Dcobkoj coh Im``etie, ^ml/ 6, Om/ 3, Guoe/

Ifcqxet- 97 Teyectif Heykjo

44


23/49

Xfky ifcqxet koiluhey xfe tcxkmocle, yimqe, mdgeixk~ey, hcxc imlleixkmo, hcxc cocl{yky, mtjcokwcxkmo

coh lk`kxcxkmoy mn xfe Yxuh{/

9/3 Tcxkmocle mn xfe Yxuh{Xfe `cko tecymo mn hmkoj xfe yxuh{ ky xfcx xfete ky om yut~e{ fcy deeo hmoe cdmux xfe iuyxmèty

qetieqxkmoy xmzcthy @mdkle Dcobkoj ko Yktyc Ikx{ xfcxy zf{ xfky yxuh{ fcy deeo imohuixeh/

Xfe teyqmoye ky xcbeo ntm` xfe iuyxmèty d{ sueyxkmoockte èxfmh mn hcxc imlleixkmo/

Yimqe mn xfe Yxuh{

Kx hecly zkxf mol{ nkohkoj mux iuyxmèty qetieqxkmo coh czcteoeyy xmzcthy yet~kie mn `mdkle

dcobkoj mt qfmoe dcobkoj ko dcobkoj yeixmt/ Xfe yxuh{ ky teyxtkixeh xm imlleixkoj xfe mqkokmo mn xfe

teyqmoheoxy xmzcthy `mdkle dcobkoj/ Xm mdxcko xfe yqeiknkeh mdgeixk~ey c teyectif heykjo zcy

he~elmqeh/ Xfe hcxc zete imlleixeh d{ ch`kokyxetkoj xfe sueyxkmoockte xm 311 yc`qle teyqmoheoxy/

Xfe qteyeox yxuh{ im~ety xfe ~ctkmuy cyqeixy mn `mdkle dcobkoj ko Yktyc Ikx{/

Mdgeixk~ey mn xfe Yxuh{

Xm nkoh mux xfe iuyxmèty qetieqxkmoy coh czcteoeyy xmzcthy `mdkle dcobkoj/

Xm nkoh mux zfcx x{qe mn e-dcobkoj yet~kiey cte uyeh d{ `cgmtkx{ mn teyqmoheoxy/

Xm nkoh zfcx cte xfe qtmdle`y cte ncieh d{ xfe iuyxmèty zfkle uykoj `mdkle dcobkoj/

Xm nkoh mux xfe iuyxmèty zfm zkll imoxkoue coh teim` eoh mxfety nmt uykoj `mdkle dcobkoj

ko nuxute/

Teyectif Heykjo

Xfe teyectif yxuh{ icttkeh mux ky heyitkqxk~e coh hkcjomyxki ko ocxute/ Heyitkqxk~e teyectif

koiluhey yut~e{y coh ncix nkohkojy coh eosuktey mn hknneteox bkohy/ Xfe `cgmt qutqmye mn xfeye

x{qey mn teyectif ky heyitkqxkmo mn yxcxey mn cnnckty cy kx evkyxy cx qteyeox/ Xfe `cko ifctcixetkyxkiy

mn xfky èxfmh cte xfcx xfe teyectifet fcy om imoxtml m~et xfe ~ctkcdley2 fe ico mol{ teqmtx zfcx fcy

deeo fcqqeoeh mt zfcx ky fcqqeokoj/

49


24/49


25/49

9/: Lk`kxcxkmoy

Hue xm xkè imoyxtckox, c yc`qle mn 311 teyqmoheoxy zcy ifmyeo xm teqteyeox xfe zfmle

qmqulcxkmo mn iuyxmèty dcyeh mo xfe imo~eokeoie yc qlkoj/

Ko heqxf yxuh{ zcy omx qmyykdle deicuye mn lk`kxeh xkè2 fmze~et yunnkikeox hcxc zcy

imlleixeh xm hm xfe guyxkie xm xfe teqmtx/

Xfe nkohkojy coh xfe cocl{yky ky im`qlexel{ dcyeh mo xfe mqkokmo mn xfe teyqmoheoxy/

Xfe yxuh{ zcy lk`kxeh xm Yktyc Ikx{ mol{/

Lcib mn bomzlehje ky c dkj qtmdle` ko imohuixkoj xfe teyectif/

45


26/49

Ifcqxet-87 Cocl{yky coh Koxetqtexcxkmo

Xfky ifcqxet ky cdmux hcxc cocl{yky coh koxetqtexcxkmo cdmux xfe iuyxmèt qetieqxkmo mn xmzcthy

@mdkle dcobkoj/ Kx imoykyxy mn ~ctkmuy xcdley mo xfe dcyky mn xzm he`mjtcqfki ncixmty yuif cy cje

jtmuq coh koimè le~el mn teyqmoheoxy ko hknneteox qctcèxety/

8/3 E-dcobkoj yet~kiey uyeh d{ qemqle

Xcdle 8/3 yfmzy xfcx teyqmoheox jc~e fkjfeyx tcob xm itehkx icthy cy xmxcl yimte mn itehkx icth ky

48>2 xfe 4oh tcob ky jk~eo xm CX@ cy kxy xmxcl yimte ky 43:/ Teyqmoheoxy fc~e jk~eo xfe 9th tcob xm

koxetoex dcobkoj zfmye xmxcl yimte ky 43>/ @mdkle Dcobkoj jmx xfe lcyx tcob/ Kx yfmzy xfcx uykoj

itehkx icth ky `mte qmqulct c`moj teyqmoheoxy coh `mdkle dcobkoj ky lecyx qmqulct/

Xcdle 8/3

E-dcobkoj yet~kiey uyeh d{ xfe Teyqmoheoxy

E-dcobkoj

yet~kiey

TCOBY &YIMTE+ XMXCL

YIMTE

TCOB

3 4 9 8

CX@ 41 &61+ 45&:5+ 44&88+ 36&36+ 43: 4

@MDKLE

DCOBKOJ

39 &54+ 48&:4+ 4:&58+ 43&43+ 3;; 8

KOXETOEX

DCOBKOJ

36 &:4+ 4>&:6+ 45&51+ 3>&3>+ 43> 9

ITEHKX

ICTH

46&334+ 94&;>+ 39&4>+ 34&34+ 48> 3

Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/4/3 Cje coh Jeohet-zkye Qtmnkle mn Teyqmoheoxy

Ko xfe qteyeox yxuh{ xfe teyqmoheoxy zfm cte ko xfe cje jtmuq mn 36-48 {ecty fc~e 36 `cley coh 34

ne`cley /@cgmtkx{ mn xfe `cley delmojy xm cje jtmuq mn 45-98 {ecty coh ~et{ nez k/e/ 51->8 {ecty

cje jtmuq fc~e mol{ 39 teyqmoheoxy zfkif ico de yeeo ntm` xfe xcdle 8/4/3/

4>


27/49

Xcdle 8/4/3

Cje coh Jeohet -zkye Qtmnkle mn Teyqmoheoxy

Cje&{ty/+Jeohet

Xmxcl@cle Ne`cle

36-48 36 34 9145-98 45 ; 98

95-8; 44 9 48

51->8 31 9 34

Xmxcl :5 45 311Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/4/4Koimè coh Jeohet-zkye Qtmnkle mn Teyqmoheoxy

Xfe teyqmoheoxy zfm delmoj xm koimè leyy xfco Ty/411111 fc~e 45 `cley coh 31 ne`cley/

@cgmtkx{ mn xfe `cley delmojy xm koimè dexzeeo Ty/411113-511111 coh ~et{ nez qemqle k/e/

cdm~e Ty/3111111/

Xcdle 8/4/4

Koimè coh Jeohet-zkye Qtmnkle mn Teyqmoheoxy

Koimè&Ty/+Jeohet

Xmxcl@cle Ne`cle

Leyy xfco Ty/ 411111 45 31 95

Ty/411113-511111 91 6 96Ty/511113-3111111 34 > 36

Cdm~e Ty/ 3111111 6 3 ;

Xmxcl :5 45 311Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/9/3 Cje coh Suclknkicxkmo-zkye Qtmnkle mn Teyqmoheoxy

Xcdle 8/9/3 yfmzy xfcx teyqmoheox mn cje jtmuq dexzeeo 36-48 {ecty zfmye suclknkicxkmo ky `cxtki

uye ~et{ leyy mdkle dcobkoj coh qemqle mn cje jtmuq dexzeeo 45-98 {ecty uye `mdkle dcobkoj ko

lctje ou`det/

Xcdle 8/9/4

4:


28/49

Cje coh Suclknkicxkmo-zkye Qtmnkle mn Teyqmoheoxy

Cje &{ty/+

Suclknkicxkmo Xmxcl

@cxtki "4 Jtchucxkmo Qmyx

Jtchucxkmo

coh cdm~e

36-48 8 5 > 3: 94

45-98 3 31 34 31 99

95-8; 3 5 31 5 43

51->8 8 8 9 9 38

Xmxcl 31 48 93 95 311YMUTIE7 YUTÊ[

8/9/4 Koimè coh Suclknkicxkmo-zkye qtmnkle mn Teyqmoheoxy

Xcdle 8/9/4 heqkixy xfe teyulx mn xfe teyqmoheoxy zfmye suclknkicxkmo ky `cxtki coh zfmye koimè

le~el ky leyy xfco Ty/ 411111 coh cdm~e Ty/ 3111111 uye `mdkle dcobkoj dux teyqmoheox mn koimè

le~el dexzeeo Ty/ 411113-3111111 hmey omx uye `mdkle dcobkoj/

Xcdle 8/9/4

Koimè coh Suclknkicxkmo-zkye Qtmnkle mn Teyqmoheoxy

Koim e &Ty/+

Suclknkicxkmo Xmxcl

@cxtki "4 Jtchucxkmo Qmyx

jtchucxkmo cohCdm~e

Leyy xfco Ty/411111 4 34 ; 36 83

Ty/411113-511111 1 : 35 38 9>

Ty/511113-3111111 1 5 9 8 34

Cdm~e Ty/y3111111 4 9 8 4 33

Xmxcl 8 4: 93 96 311

Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/8/3 Cje coh Miiuqcxkmo-zkye Qtmnkle mn Teyqmoheoxy

Xcdle 8/8/3 k`qlkey xfcx teyqmoheox mn cje jtmuq dexzeeo 36-48 {ecty uykoj `mdkle dcobkoj zcy

48 coh teyqmoheox mn cje jtmuq dexzeeo 45-98 {ecty `mdkle dcobkoj zcy uyeh `mte zfexfet kx

zcy co{ x{qe mn miiuqcxkmo/

46


29/49

Xcdle 8/8/3

Cje coh Miiuqcxkmo-zkye Qtmnkle mn Teyqmoheoxy

Cje&{ty/+Miiuqcxkmo Xmxcl

Duykoeyy Yet~kie Qtmneyykmocl Mxfet

36-48 8 9 5 34 4845-98 33 33 6 : 9:

95-8; 33 : 4 4 44

51->8 6 8 4 9 3:

Xmxcl 98 45 3: 44 311Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/8/4 Koimè coh Miiuqcxkmo-zkye Qtmnkle mn Teyqmoheoxy

Xcdle 8/8/4 heqkixy xfe teyulx mn xfe teyqmoheox zfmye miiuqcxkmo ky mxfet yuif cy yxuheox coh

zfmye koim e le~el ky leyy xfco 411111 uye `mdkle dcobkoj dux teyqmoheox mn koimè le~el

dexzeeo 411113-511111 coh zfmye miiuqcxkmo ky duykoeyy uye `mdkle dcobkoj ko lctje ou`det/

Xcdle 8/8/4

Koimè coh Miiuqcxkmo-zkye Qtmnkle mn Teyqmoheoxy

KoimèMiiuqcxkmo Xmxcl

Duykoeyy Yet~kie Qtmneyykmocl Mxfet

Leyy xfco Ty/411111 : ; : 38 9:

Ty/411113-511111 3: 5 ; : 96

Ty/511113-3111111 > 8 3 4 39Cdm~e Ty/3111111 : 9 1 4 34

Xmxcl 9: 43 3: 45 311Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/5/3 Cje -zkye Uycje mn @mdkle Dcobkoj

Ko xfe qteyeox yxuh{ teyqmoheox zfm cte uykoj `mdkle dcobkoj yet~kiey cte 65 coh 35 cte omx uykoj

kx/ @cgmtkx{ mn xfe uyety delmojy xm cje jtmuq mn 45-98 {ecty coh ~et{ nez teyqmoheox e/j/ 51->8

{ecty cje jtmuq fc~e mol{ 31 teyqmoheox zfkif ico de yeeo ntm` xfe xcdle 8/5/3/

Xcdle 8/5/3

Cje -zkye Uycje mn @mdkle Dcobkoj

Cje Xmxcl

4;


30/49

&{ty+ [ey Om

36-48 43 > 4:

45-98 9> 9 9;

95-8; 36 8 44

51->8 31 4 34

Xmxcl 65 35 311Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/5/4Koimè -zkye Uycje mn @mdkle Dcobkoj

Ntm` xcdle 8/5/4 cy ze ico clym yee xfcx 65% teyqmoheoxy uye `mdkle dcobkoj coh 35% hmey omx

uye ko zfkif teyqmoheoxy zfmye koimè le~el ky dexzeeo Ty/411113-511111 uyeh kx `cvkù` coh

teyqmoheoxy zfmye koimè le~el zcy cdm~e Ty/3111111 uye kx cx leyy qtmqmtxkmo/

Xcdle 8/5/4

Koimè -zkye Uycje mn @mdkle Dcobkoj

Koimè&Ty/+Xmxcl[ey Om

Leyy xfco Ty/ 411111 91 ; 9;

Ty/411113-511111 95 4 9:

Ty/511113-3111111 34 4 38

Cdm~e Ty/3111111 6 4 31

Xmxcl 65 35 311Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/>/3 Cje -zkye Qtmnkle coh Dclcoie Hexckly

Xcdle 8/>/3 yfmzy xfcx `myx mn xfe teyqmoheox yc{y xfcx xfe{ teiek~e clzc{y dclcoie hexckly ko

zfkif teyqmoheox mn cje jtmuq dexzeeo 45-98 {ecty fcy `mte qtmqmtxkmo zfkle dexzeeo 51->8

{ecty kx zcy ~et{ leyy/

Xcdle 8/>/3

Cje -zkye Qtmnkle coh Dclcoie Hexckly

Cje&{ty/+XmxclClzc{y Ymèxkèy Oe~et

36-48 39 6 1 43

45-98 45 > : 96

95-8; 33 9 5 3;

51->8 8 9 1 :

Xmxcl 59 41 34 65

91


31/49

Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/>/4 Koimè -Zkye Qtmnkle coh Dclcoie Hexckly

Xcdle 8/>/4 k`qlkey xfcx teyqmoheox mn cje jtmuq dexzeeo Ty/411113-511111 yckh xfcx ze clzc{y

teiek~eh dclcoie zfkle 41% teyqmoheox yckh xfcx xfe{ ymèxkèy teiek~eh dclcoie hexckly/

Xcdle 8/>/4

Koim e- zkye Qtmnkle coh Dclcoie Hexckly

Koim e &Ty/+XmxclClzc{y Ymèxkèy Oe~et

Leyy xfco Ty/411111 43 ; 1 91

Ty/411113-511111 91 > 3 9:

Ty/511113-3111111; 9 1 34

Cdm~e Ty/ 3111111 8 4 1 >

Xmxcl >8 41 3 65

Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/:/3 Cje- Zkye Qtmnkle coh Yxmq c Ifesue Qc{èox

Xcdle 8/:/3 yfmzy xfcx 86% teyqmoheox yckh xfcx ze clzc{y yxmq c ifesue qc{ eox ko zfkif

teyqmoheox dexzeeo 45-98 {ecty fcy lctje qtmqmtxkmo zfkle dexzeeo 51->8 {ecty fcy leyy/ Mol{ 4%

teyqmoheox yckh xfcx xfe{ oe~et yxmq c ifesue qc{èox/

Xcdle 8/:/3

Cje-Zkye Qtmnkle coh Yxmq c Ifesue Qc{èox

Cje &{ty/+XmxclClzc{y Ymèxkèy Oe~et

36-48 31 31 3 43

45-98 44 3> 3 9;

95-8; 34 : 1 3;

51->8 8 4 1 >

Xmxcl 86 95 4 65Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/:/4 Koimè -Zkye Qtmnkle coh Yxmq c Ifesue Qc{èox

93


32/49

Xcdle 8/:/4 k`qlkey xfcx teyqmoheox zfmye koimè le~el ky dexzeeo Ty/ 411113-511111 clzc{y

yxmq c ifesue qc{èox/ Teyqmoheox mn cll x{qe mn koimè le~el yckh xfcx xfe{ ymèxkè yxmq c

ifesue qc{èox/

Xcdle 8/:/4

Koimè -Zkye Qtmnkle coh Yxmq c Ifesue Qc{èox

Koim e &Ty/+XmxclClzc{y Ymèxkèy Oe~et

Leyy xfco Ty/4,11,111 3: 34 3 91

Ty/4,11,113-5,11,111 48 34 3 9:

Ty/5,11,113-31,11,111 5 : 1 34

Cdm~e Ty/31,11,111 4 8 1 >

Xmxcl 86 95 4 65Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/6/3 Cje -Zkye Qtmnkle mn nc`klkctkx{ mn @mdkle Dcobkoj

Ntm` xcdle 8/6/3 ze ico yee xfcx 96% teyqmoheox cjtee xfcx `mdkle dcobkoj ky c nc`klkct he~kie

zfkle 49% teyqmoheox cte yxtmojl{ cjtee zkxf kxy nc`klkctkx{ ko zfkif teyqmoheox mn cje jtmuq

dexzeeo 45-98 {ecty fcy `mte qtmqmtxkmo zfkle 51->8 {ecty fcy leyy/

Xcdle 8/6/3

Cje -Zkye Qtmnkle mn Nc`klkctkx{ mn @mdkle Dcobkoj

Cje&{ty/+Xmxcl

Yxtmojl{

Cjtee

Cjtee Uoheikheh Hkycjtee Yxtmojl{

Hkycjtee

36-48 5 31 3 8 3 43

45-98 33 3: 1 6 9 9;

95-8; 5 ; 3 9 3 3;

51->8 4 4 3 1 3 >

Xmxcl 49 96 9 35 > 65YMUTIE7 YUTÊ[

8/6/4 Koimè -Zkye Qtmnkle mn Nc`klkctkx{ mn @mdkle Dcobkoj

Ntm` xcdle 8/6/4 yfmzy xfcx teyqmoheox mn koimè le~el dexzeeo Ty/411113-511111 fcy lctje

qtmqmtxkmo dux ko xfe icxejmt{ mn yxtmojl{ cjtee teyqmoheox mn koimè le~el cdm~e 3111111 fcy

94


33/49

~et{ leyy qtmqmtxkmo/ Teyqmoheox mn koimè le~el dexzeeo Ty/511113-3111111 fcy lctje

qtmqmtxkmo ko xfe icxejmt{ mn yxtmojl{ cjtee dux ko xfe icxejmt{ mn uoheikheh coh hkycjtee kx fcy

leyy qtmqmtxkmo/

Xcdle 8/6/4

Koimè -Zkye Qtmnkle mn Nc`klkctkx{ mn @mdkle Dcobkoj

Koim e &Ty/+

Xmxcl

Yxtmojl{

Cjtee


Hkycjtee

Leyy xfco Ty/411111 : 38 3 5 9 91

Ty/411113-511111 > 36 3 ; 9 9:

Ty/511113-3111111 : 9 3 3 1 34

Cdm~e Ty/3111111 9 9 1 1 1 >

Xmxcl 49 96 9 35 > 65YMUTIE7 YUTÊ[

8/;/3 Cje -Zkye Qtmnkle coh @mdkle Dcobkoj cy c Ncyx coh Ennmtxleyy Yet~kie

Xcdle7 8/;/3 yfmzy xfcx 94% teyqmoheox cjtee xfcx `mdkle dcobkoj zcy ncyx coh ennmtxleyy zfete

xfe teyqmoheoxy mn cje jtmuq dexzeeo 45-98 {ecty fcy lctje qtmqmtxkmo coh 93% zete yxtmojl{

cjtee coh mol{ 3% qemqle zete yxtmojl{ hkycjtee/

Xcdle 8/;/3

Cje Zkye Qtmnkle coh @mdkle Dcobkoj cy c Ncyx coh Ennmtxleyy Yet~kie

Cje&{ty/+

Xmxcl

Yxtmojl{

Cjtee


Hkycjtee

36-48 5 6 > 4 1 43

99


34/49

45-98 38 39 9 6 3 9;

95-8; 33 6 1 1 1 3;

51->8 3 9 3 3 1 >

Xmxcl 93 94 31 33 3 65Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/;/4 Koimè -Zkye Qtmnkle coh @mdkle Dcobkoj cy Ncyx coh Ennmtxleyy Yet~kie

Xcdle 8/;/4 k`qlkey xfcx xfe icxejmt{ mn yxtmojl{ cjtee, teyqmoheox mn koimè le~el dexzeeo Ty/

411113-511111 fcy fkjfeyx qtmqmtxkmo zfkle cdm~e Ty/3111111 fcy leyy qtmqmtxkmo/ Teyqmoheoxy

mn koimè le~el dexzeeo Ty/511113-311111 zete yxtmojl{ hkycjtee zkxf `mdkle dcobkoj cy ncyx

coh ennmtxleyy yet~kie/

Xcdle 8/;/4

Koimè -Zkye Qtmnkle coh @mdkle Dcobkoj cy Ncyx coh Ennmtxleyy Yet~kie

Koimè&Ty/+

Xmxcl

Yxtmojl{

Cjtee


Hkycjtee

Leyy xfco Ty/411111 31 31 > 8 1 91

Ty/411113-511111 38 35 9 8 3 9:

Ty/511113-3111111 5 5 1 4 1 34

Cdm~e Ty/ 3111111 4 4 3 3 1 >


8/31/3 Cje -Zkye Qtmnkle coh Uyenuloeyy mn Cletx nmt Xtcoycixkmoy

Xcdle 8/31/3 yfmzy xfcx 93% teyqmoheoxy cte yxtmojl{ cjtee coh cjtee xfcx xfe{ clzc{y teiek~eh

cletx nmt xtcoycixkmoy/ Mol{ 9% cte yxtmojl{ hkycjtee xfcx xfe{ hkh omx teiek~e cletx nmt xtcoycixkmoy/

Xcdle 8/31/3

Cje -Zkye Qtmnkle coh Uyenuloeyy mn Cletx nmt Xtcoycixkmoy

Cje&{ty/+

Xmxcl

Yxtmojl{

Cjtee


Hkycjtee36-48 > > > 9 1 43

45-98 39 3> 5 4 9 9;

95-8; 31 > 4 3 1 3;

51->8 4 9 3 1 1 >

Xmxcl 93 93 38 > 9 65Ymutie7 Yut~e{

98


35/49

8/31/4 Koimè- Zkye Qtmnkle coh Uyenuloeyy mn Cletx nmt Xtcoycixkmoy

Xcdle 8/31/4 k`qlkey xfcx teyqmoheoxy zfmye koimè dexzeeo 411113-511111 fcy fkjfeyx

qtmqmtxkmo coh teyqmoheoxy zfmye koimè leyy xfco 411111 fc~e yeimoh fkjfeyx qtmqmtxkmo/

teyqmoheoxy zfmye koimè ky cdm~e 3111111 cte hkycjtee coh yxtmojl{ hkycjtee xfcx xfe{ hkh omxclzc{y teiek~eh cletx nmt xtcoycixkmoy

Xcdle 8/31/4

Koimè -Zkye Qtmnkle coh Uyenuloeyy mn Cletx nmt Xtcoycixkmoy

Koim e &Ty/+

Xmxcl

Yxtmojl{

Cjtee


Hkycjtee

Leyy xfco Ty/ 411111 31 33 5 8 1 91

Ty/411113-511111 3> 35 8 1 4 9:Ty/511113-3111111 8 4 9 4 3 34

Cdm~e Ty/ 3111111 3 9 4 1 1 >

Xmxcl 93 93 38 > 9 65Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/33/3 Cje -Zkye Qtmnkle coh Qmyykdklkxkey mn Ettmty

Ntm` Xcdle 8/33/3 ze ico yee, 94% teyqmoheoxy cjtee xfcx uykoj xfe `mdkle dcobkoj xfe{ ncie xfe

qmyykdklkxkey mn ettmty zfkle teyqmoheox mn cje jtmuq dexzeeo 45-98 {ecty fcy lctje qtmqmtxkmo coh

38% teyqmoheox yckh xfcx xfe{ hkh omx ncie xfe qtmdle mn ettmty/ Teyqmoheoxy mn cje jtmuq

dexzeeo 95-8; {ecty mol{ 3% teyqmoheoxy cte yxtmojl{ cjtee/

Xcdle 8/33/3

95


36/49

Cje -Zkye Qtmnkle coh Qmyykdklkxkey mn Ettmt

Cje &{ty+

Xmxcl

Yxtmojl{

Cjtee


Hkycjtee

36-48 5 : 5 9 3 4345-98 > 3: 6 : 3 9;

95-8; 3 > : 9 4 3;

51->8 3 4 4 3 1 >


8/33/4 Koimè- Zkye Qtmnkle coh Qmyykdklkxkey mn Ettmty

Xcdle 8/33/4 yfmzy xfcx 39% teyqmoheoxy cte yxtmojl{ cjtee xfcx xfe{ teiek~eh co ettmty zfkle

teyqmoheox zfmye koimè le~el zcy leyy xfco 411111 fc~e fkjfeyx qtmqmtxkmo zfkle qtmqmtxkmo mn

yxtmojl{ hkycjtee teyqmoheoxy fc~e ~et{ leyy qtmqmtxkmo/

Xcdle 8/33/4

Koimè -Zkye Qtmnkle coh Qmyykdklkxkey mn Ettmty

Koimè &Ty/+

Xmxcl

Yxtmojl{

Cjtee


Hkycjtee

Leyy xfco Ty/ 411111 > ; : : 3 91Ty/411113-511111 5 39 34 > 3 9:

Ty/511113-3111111 1 6 4 3 3 34

Cdm~e Ty/ 3111111 4 4 3 1 3 >


8/34/3 Cje -Zkye Qtmnkle coh Lmz Hcxc Xtcoy`kyykmo

Ntm` xcdle 8/34/3 ze ico yee xfcx2 ~et{ leyy teyqmoheoxy cte cjtee xfcx hcxc xtcoy`kyykmo ko `mdkledcobkoj ky lmz, mol{ 43 teyqmoheoxy mux mn 65 cte cjtee mt yxtmojl{ cjtee xfcx hcxc xtcoy`kyykmo ky

lmz/

Xcdle 8/34/3

Cje -Zkye Qtmnkle coh Lmz Hcxc Xtcoy`kyykmo

Cje&{ty+ Xmxcl

9>


37/49

Yxtmojl{

Cjtee


Hkycjtee

36-48 9 5 : 8 4 43

45-98 4 > > 43 8 9;

95-8; 1 4 31 5 4 3;

51->8 4 3 4 3 1 >

Xmxcl : 38 45 93 6 65Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/34/4 Koimè -Zkye Qtmnkle coh Lmz Hcxc Xtcoy`kyykmo

Xcdle 8/34/4 yfmzy xfcx, om moe teyqmoheox yxtmojl{ cjtee ntm` koimè dexzeeo Ty/ 511113-

3111111 coh mol{ moe teyqmoheox cjtee ntm` xfcx yxcxeèox ntm` koimè jtmuq mn cdm~e 3111111/

Xcdle 8/34/4

Koimè- Zkye Qtmnkle coh Lmz Hcxc Xtcoy`kyykmo

Koim e &Ty/+

Xmxcl

Yxtmojl{

Cjtee


Hkycjtee

Leyy xfco Ty/411111 8 5 33 6 4 91

Ty/411113-511111 3 8 33 3: 8 9:

Ty/511113-3111111 1 8 4 8 4 34

Cdm~e Ty/ 3111111 4 3 3 4 1 >

Xmxcl : 38 45 93 6 65Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/39/3 Cje-Zkye Qtmnkle coh uye mn @mdkle Dcobkoj

Xcdle 8/39/3 yfmzy xfcx 98% teyqmoheox yckh xfcx `mdkle dcobkoj ky ~et{ im`qlkicxeh zfkle

teyqmoheoxy zfm cte yxtmojl{ cjtee cte cqqmykxe mn kx deicuye xfe{ fc~e ~et{ leyy qtmqmtxkmo/91%

teyqmoheox yckh xfcx kx zcy omx ~et{ im`qlkicxeh/

Xcdle 8/39/3

Cje -Zkye Qtmnkle coh uye mn @mdkle Dcobkoj

Cje&{ty/+

Im`qlkicxeh

XmxclYxtmojl{

CjteeCjtee Uoheikheh Hkycjtee Yxtmojl{

Hkycjtee

36-48 3 ; 8 5 4 43

45-98 4 35 : 38 3 9;

95-8; 3 6 1 ; 3 3;

51->8 4 4 1 4 1 >

Xmxcl > 98 33 91 8 65Ymutie7 Yut~e{

9:


38/49

8/39/4 Koimè-Zkye Qtmnkle coh uye mn @mdkle Dcobkoj

Xcdle 8/39/4 k`qlkey xfcx teyqmoheoxy mn koimè le~el dexzeeo 411113-511111 cte hkycjtee zkxf

xfe im`qlkicxeh qtmiehute mn `mdkle dcobkoj, ko mxfet zmthy xfe{ yckh xfcx kx zcy omx im`qlkicxeh/

Yxtmojl{ hkycjtee teyqmoheoxy fc~e ~et{ y`cll qtmqmtxkmo/

Xcdle 8/39/4

Koimè-Zkye Qtmnkle coh uye mn @mdkle Dcobkoj

Koim e &Ty/+

Xmxcl

Yxtmojl{

Cjtee


Hkycjtee

leyy xfco Ty/411111 3 35 5 6 3 91

Ty/411113-511111 4 38 5 35 3 9:

Ty/ 511113-3111111 4 8 3 8 3 34cdm~e Ty/3111111 3 3 1 9 3 >

Xmxcl > 98 33 91 8 65Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/38/3 Cje -Zkye Qtmnkle coh Uye @mdkle Dcobkoj ko Nuxute

Xcdle 8/38/3 yfmzy xfcx, oect cdmux 95% teyqmoheox cte ko uoheikheh ykxucxkmo, xfe{ icoomx

heikhe/ 4> teyqmoheoxy cte cjteeh xm uye `mdkle dcobkoj ko nuxute coh 31 teyqmoheoxy cte hkycjtee/

Xcdle 8/38/3

Cje- Zkye Qtmnkle coh Uye @mdkle Dcobkoj ko NuxuteCje

&{ty/+Xmxcl

Yxtmojl{

Cjtee


Hkycjtee

36-48 3 > ; 9 4 43

45-98 4 35 35 > 3 9;

95-8; 8 8 31 3 1 3;

51->8 8 3 3 1 1 >

Xmxcl 33 4> 95 31 9 65Ymutie7 Yut~e{

8/38/4 Koimè -Zkye Qtmnkle coh Uye @mdkle Dcobkoj ko Nuxute

Ntm` xcdle 8/38/4 ze ico yee xfcx, teyqmoheox koimè jtmuq mn dexzeeo 411113-511111 cte ko

`cvkù` ou`det xfmye cte imoxkoue xm uye `mdkle dcobkoj ko nuxute coh koimè jtmuq mn cdm~e

3111111 om moe ky tech{ xm imoxkoue xm uye `mdkle dcobkoj ko nuxute/

Xcdle 8/38/4

96


39/49

Koimè-Zkye Qtmnkle coh Uye @mdkle Dcobkoj ko Nuxute

Koim e &Ty/+

Xmxcl

Yxtmojl{

Cjtee


Hkycjtee

leyy xfco Ty/411111 4 33 34 5 1 91Ty/411113-511111 9 ; 36 8 9 9:

Ty/511113-3111111 4 8 5 3 1 34

cdm~e Ty/ 3111111 8 4 1 1 1 >

Xmxcl 33 4> 95 31 9 65Ymutie7 Yut~e{

Ifcqxet-57 Yu``ct{ mn Nkohkojy coh Yujjeyxkmoy

5/3 Nkohkojy

Ne`cley ko xfe cje jtmuq mn 36-48 {ecty cte leyy xfco `cley/ Fmze~et ko koimè jtmuq mn

Ty/411113-511111, xfe qtmqmtxkmo mn `cley ky > xkèy `mte xfco xfe ne`cley/

Iuyxm ety ntm` delmz `cxtki yxcohcth coh delmojy xm cje jtmuq dexzeeo 45-98 {ecty uye

leyy `mdkle dcobkoj nciklkxkey/ Fmze~et, xfe qtmqmtxkmo mn iuyxmèty ko xfe cje jtmuq dexzeeo

36-48 {ecty coh fc~koj qmyx jtchucxkmo uykoj `mdkle dcobkoj ky fkjf/

Iuyxmèty zkxf `cxtki cy suclknkicxkmo coh fc~koj koimè le~el leyy xfco Ty/4,11,111 cte

~et{ leyy ko ou`det, zfetecy xfe iuyxmèty zfmye suclknkicxkmo ky `cxtki coh fc~koj koimè

le~el dexzeeo Ty/4,11,113-31,11,111 hm omx uye `mdkle dcobkoj/

Iuyxmèty mn cje jtmuq dexzeeo 45-98 {ecty uye `mte `mdkle dcobkoj zfexfet kx zcy co{

x{qe mn miiuqcxkmo, zfkle iuyxmèty mn cje jtmuq dexzeeo 95-8; {ecty coh 51->8 {ecty uye

`mte `mdkle dcobkoj zfm cte ko duykoeyy coh cnxet xfcx kx zcy `mte uyeh d{ xfmye zfm cte ko

yet~kie/

Iuyxmèty zkxf koimè le~el mn leyy xfco Ty/4,11,111 coh xfmye zfm cte ko yet~kie uye

`mte `mdkle dcobkoj/ Xfeo iuyxmèty zfmye koimè ky dexzeeo Ty/4,11,113-5,11,111 uye

`mte coh zfm cte ko duykoeyy uye leyy `mdkle dcobkoj yet~kiey, `mtem~et xfky ou`det fcy

deeo heitecyeh zkxf xfe koitecye ko koimè/

9;


40/49

@myx mn xfe iuyxmèty dexzeeo cje jtmuq mn 45-98 {ecty yckh xfcx xfe{ teiek~e clzc{y

dclcoie hexckly xftmujf `mdkle dcobkoj, zfkle dexzeeo cje jtmuq mn 51->8 {ecty, xfky ou`det

ky zcy ~et{ leyy/

Iuyxmèt mn koimè le~el dexzeeo Ty/411113-511111 yckh xfcx xfe{ clzc{y teiek~eh

dclcoie, Kosukt{ zkxf xfe felq mn `mdkle dcobkoj, zfetecy 41 qetieox iuyxmèt yckh xfcx xfe{

ymèxkè teiek~eh dclcoie hexckl/

96 qetieox iuyxmèt cjtee xfcx `mdkle dcobkoj ky c nc`klkct he~kie zfkle 49 qetieox

iuyxmèt cte yxtmojl{ cjtee zkxf kxy nc`klkctkx{ mn zfkif iuyxmèt mn cje jtmuq dexzeeo 45-98

{ecty fcy `mte qtmqmtxkmo xfco mxfety/

Iuyxmèt mn koimè le~el dexzeeo Ty/4,11,113-5,11,111 fcy lctje ou`dety dux ko xfe

icxejmt{ mn yxtmojl{ cjtee qemqle mn koimè le~el cdm~e Ty/31,11,111 fcy ~et{ leyy ou`det mn

uyety mn xfky yet~kiey/

94 qetieox iuyxmèty cjtee xfcx `mdkle dcobkoj ky ncyx coh ennmtxleyy zfete iuyxmèt mn

cje jtmuq dexzeeo 45-98 {ecty fcy lctje ou`det mn uyety/

93 qetieox iuyxmèty cte yxtmojl{ cjteeh xfcx xfe{ clzc{y teiek~eh cletx nmt xtcoycixkmoy/Iuyxmèty zfm cte cjtee clym mo fc~e ycè qtmqmtxkmo/ Mol{ 9 qetieox yxtmojl{ hkycjteeh xfcx

xfe{ hkh omx teiek~e cletx nmt xtcoycixkmoy/

98 qetieox iuyxmèt yckh xfcx `mdkle dcobkoj ky ~et{ im`qlkicxeh xm uye zfkle iuyxmèty

zfm cte yxtmojl{ cjtee cte mqqmykxe xm kx deicuye xfe{ fc~e ~et{ leyy qtmqmtxkmo/ 91 qetieox

iuyxmèt yckh xfcx kx ky omx ~et{ im`qlkicxeh mn zfkif iuyxmèty mn cje jtmuq dexzeeo 45-98

{ecty fc~e `cvkù` ou`det mn uyety/

Iuyxmèty mn koim e le~el dexzeeo Ty/4,11,113-5,11,111 cte hkycjtee zkxf xfe

im`qlkicxeh qtmiehute mn `mdkle dcobkoj, Fmze~et, yxtmojl{ hkycjtee iuyxmèty fc~e ~et{

y`cll ou`det mn uyety/

81


41/49

94 qetieox iuyxmèty cjtee xfcx zfkle uykoj xfe `mdkle dcobkoj xfe{ ncie xfe qmyykdklkxkey

mn ettmty zfete iuyxmèty mn cje jtmuq dexzeeo 45-98 {ecty fcy lctje qtmqmtxkmo coh 38

qetieox iuyxmèt yckh xfcx xfe{ hkh omx ncie xfe qmyykdklkxkey mn ettmty/

39 qetieox iuyxm ety yxtmojl{ cjtee xfcx xfe{ teiek~eh co ettmt mn zfkif iuyxmèt zfmye

koimè le~el zcy leyy xfco Ty/4,11,111 fc~e fkjfeyx qtmqmtxkmo zfkle qtmqmtxkmo mn yxtmojl{

hkycjtee iuyxmèty ky ~et{ leyy/

95 qetieox iuyxmèty cte ko uoheikheh ykxucxkmo, zfetecy 4> iuyxmèty cjtee xm uye `mdkle

dcobkoj ko nuxute coh 31 iuyxmèty hkycjtee zkxf xfe yxcxeèox/

Iuyxmèt ko xfe koimè jtmuq mn dexzeeo Ty/4,11,113-5,11,111 cte ko `cvkù` ou`dety

xfmye cte imoxkoue xm uye `mdkle dcobkoj ko nuxute/ Fmze~et, ko xfe koimè jtmuq mn cdm~e

Ty/31,11,111, om moe ky tech{ xm imoxkoue xm uye `mdkle dcobkoj ko nuxute/

5/4 Yujjeyxkmoy

Xevx èyycjey cte omx eoit{qxeh &c èxfmh mn yeiutkoj hcxc ko xtcoykx+, zfkif ècoy uykoj c xevx

èyycje xm teiek~e uqhcxey mt im`ùokicxe zkxf {mut dcob ky `mte yuyieqxkdle xm koxetieqxkmo/

Evqetxy yc{ xfcx ko xfe e~eox c qfmoe ky yxmleo, ymqfkyxkicxeh fcibety imulh e~eo textke~e helexeh

xevx èyycjey/ C jmmh zc{ ctmuoh xfky xftecx ky xm tentcko ntm` imtteyqmohkoj ~kc xevx zfeo xfe

konmt cxkmo dekoj xtcoy`kxxeh imulh de qmxeoxkcll{ hextkèoxcl xm {mut nkocoikcl yeiutkx{ kn kx nclly

koxm xfe ztmoj fcohy/ Deicuye `mdkle qlcxnmt`y cteo*x esukqqeh zkxf xfe ycè yeiutkx{ lc{ety cy

dcoby* zedykxey mt CX@y, xfe{ cte `mte ~uloetcdle xm ntcuhyxety, zfm teqecxehl{ ifcoje xfekt

kheoxkxkey coh jcko ciieyy xftmujf c yetkey mn sukib cxxe`qxy/

Nmtxuocxel{, uyety ico xcbe evxtc yxeqy xm koitecye xfekt qtmxeixkmo, yuif cy chhkoj chhkxkmocl

qcyyzmthy coh eoit{qxkmo dcttkety xfcx cteo*x qtm~kheh d{ dcoby/ Nmt evc`qle, {mu yfmulh yex uq

xfe qcyyzmth-qtmxeix mqxkmo mo {mut qfmoe coh lmib kx zfeo kx*y omx ko uye/ Zfete c~cklcdle,

comxfet khec ky xm koyxcll yeiutkx{ ymnxzcte mo {mut `mdkle qfmoe/ Moie ymèmoe fcy hkyim~eteh

{mut dcobkoj qcyyzmth coh fcibeh koxm {mut ciimuox, xfete kyo*x ùif {mu ico hm/ Dux {mu ico

qtmxeix {mutyeln ntm` xfky hedcile d{ koyxcllkoj te mxe-zkqe mqxkmoy ko ch~coie, c zc{ xm etcye xfe

konmt`cxkmo mo {mut qfmoe zkxfmux qf{ykicll{ fc~koj kx ko {mut qmyyeyykmo/

83


42/49

[mu ico cixk~cxe xfky kn {mut qfmoe jmey `kyykoj/ Yeleix dcoby mnnet te`mxe-zkqkoj cy c ntee,

hmzolmchcdle cqqlkicxkmo/ Yk`klctl{, xfe @mdkle @e yet~kie cllmzy Dlcibdett{ coh k-Qfmoey uyety

xm du{ xfky necxute/ Zfkle cqqlkicxkmoy cte zfcx cllmz {mu xm ifeib {mut ciimuox dclcoie mt `m~e

`moe{ xm comxfet ciimuox ntm` {mut `mdkle, xfe{ clym cte co chheh tkyb nmt {mut yeiutkx{/

Ym`e fc~e iclleh ntcuhuleox cqqy xfe oevx jeoetcxkmo mn qfkyfkoj yic`y2 kn {mu hmzolmch c ncbe

cqqlkicxkmo, kx imulh de uyeh xm lknx ciimuox coh mxfet yeoykxk~e konmt`cxkmo ntm` {mut `mdkle

he~kie/ Nmt evc`qle, lcyx Gcouct{ Jmmjle te`m~eh 51 cqqlkicxkmoy c~cklcdle nmt xfe Cohtmkh qfmoe

hue xm imoietoy xfe{ `c{ de hcojetmuy/ Xm qtmxeix {mut `mdkle yeiutkx{ ntm` co cqqlkicxkmo

yife`e, hmo*x ilkib mo qmq-uqy xfcx ch~etxkye cqqy/ [mu ico ifeib zkxf {mut dcob cdmux xfe

~clkhkx{ mn co{ nkocoikcl cqq {mu cte imoykhetkoj mt kn qmyykdle, hmzolmch xfe cqqlkicxkmo hkteixl{

ntm` {mut nkocoikcl koyxkxuxkmo*y zedykxe/

@mdkle qfmoey cte y`cll, im`qcix coh xfetenmte qmtxcdle2 xfe hmzoykhe ky xfcx xfky `cbey xfe`

ecykl{ lmyx mt yxmleo/ C itk`kocl zfm fciby koxm {mut qfmoe ico textke~e qetymocl konmt`cxkmo,

ciimuox qcyyzmthy coh qtmqtkexct{ xevxy/ Ko xfe e~eox xfcx {mut qfmoe ky yxmleo, {mu yfmulh clym

icll {mut dcob xfky zc{, xfe dcob ico ilmyel{ `mokxmt {mut ciimuox/

84


43/49

DKDKLKMJTCQF[

DMMBY7-

Bmxfctk I/T/ &411:+ Teyectif @exfmhmlmj{ èxfmhy coh xeifoksuey Oez Helfk/ Oez

cje koxetocxkmocl qudlkyfety/

Juqxc Y/Q/ Yxcxkyxkicl @exfmhy, Yulxco Ifcoh . Ymoy Ehuicxkmocl Qudlkyfety, Oez

Helfk, 411;/

CTXKILEY7-

3/ Tcojctcgco &3;69+, Xeifomlmjkicl Koom~cxkmo ko Dcobkoj coh Qc{èoxy7 Kohuyxt{ Xteohy

coh K`qlkicxkmoy nmt Dcoby, Mnnkie mn xfe Im`qxtmllet mn xfe Iutteoi{, Suctxetl{ Gmutocl,

^ml/ 3:, Om/ 9/

4/ Yctcn &3;;8+, Zfm Mnnety @mdkle Dcobkoj= Mnnkie mn xfe Im`qxtmllet mn xfe Iutteoi{,

Suctxetl{ Gmutocl, ^ml/ 3;, Om/ 4/

9/ Yfete &3;;5+, @mdkle Dcobkoj7 He~elmqèoxy coh Qtmyqeixy, Zmtbkoj Qcqet, Ieoxet nmt

Konmt`cxkmo Qmlki{ Teyectif, Fct~cth Uok~etykx{/

8/ Octcyk`fco &3;;6+, @mdkle Dcobkoj7 Zfete hmey Kohkc Yxcoh= Gmutocl mn Imoxe`qmtct{

@cocjeèox, ^mluè 4, Om/ 3/

89


44/49

5/ Gcko, Fuohcl &411>+, @mdkle Dcobkoj ko Omtxfeto Tejkmo mn Kohkc7 C Omxe mo E~mluxkmo mn

Yet~kiey coh Imoyuèt TecixkmoyGmutocl mn Koxetoex Dcobkoj coh Im` etie, ^mluè 5,

Om/ 3/

>/ Zctky, Yfckyxc &411:+, Hm @mdkle Dcobkoj Cixk~kxkey Chh ^clue= Xfe Kxclkco Dcob

Evqetkeoie, Oexfetlcohy/

:/ Ykzkoybc, Gmcooc &411;+, Ilkib coh @mtxct mn Texckl Dcobkoj7 C Icye Yxuh{ ko Fmoj

Bmoj, Oco{coj Duykoeyy Yifmml, Oco{coj Xeifomlmjkicl Uok~etykx{/

6/ Gcbudkcb, @cljmtwcxc2 Bciwmtmzybk, Qczel,&411;+, Ycuhk Ctcdkco Dcoby mo xfe Zed,

Gmutocl mn @mdkle Dcobkoj coh Im` etie, ^ml/>, Om/ 3/

;/ Xmctybk, Xm`cyw &411;+, C Qtmxmx{qe mn c Texckl @mdkle Dcobkoj nmt Xfck

Iuyxmèty,^ml/5/

31/ Luyxykb, M& 4119+, E-Dcobkoj ko Eyxmokc7 Tecymoy coh Deoenkxy mn Tcqkh Jtmzxf, Btmmo

. Eimom`{, Om/ 9/

33/ Uookxfco, I/ T/ coh Yzcx`co, Q/ &4113+, Edcobkoj Chcqxcxkmo coh Hmx/Im` ^kcdklkx{

C Im`qctkymo mn Cuyxtclkco coh Kohkco Evqetkeoiey ko xfe Dcobkoj Yeixmt, ZmtbkojQcqet, Yifmml mn @cocjeèox Konmt`cxkmo Y{yxe`y, Hecbko Uok~etykx{, Om/ 38/

34/ Gcokie, Hc~kh coh Heooky &4114+, Ilkib coh @mtxct mn Texckl Dcobkoj7 C Icye Yxuh{ ko

Fmoj Bmoj, Oco{coj Duykoeyy Yifmml, Oco{coj Xeifomlmjkicl Uok~etykx{/

39/ Czc`lef T, E~coy G coh @cfcxe C/ &4119+, Koxetoex Dcobkoj ko Eètjeoi{ @ctbexy Xfe

Icye mn Gmthmo - C Omxe,Gmutocl mn Koxetoex Dcobkoj coh Im`ètie, ^ml/ 6, Om/ 3, Guoe/

OEZYQCQETY7-

Eimom`ki Xkèy

Duykoeyy Yxcohcth

88
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0103_02.htmhttp://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0103_02.htm


45/49

Xk`ey mn Kohkc

ZEDYKXEY7-

zzz/jmmjle/im`

zzz/yyto/im`

zzz/e`telh/im`

zzz/kohkco`dc/im`

zzz/zkbkqehkc/im

fxxq7qcqety/yyto/im`yml9qcqety/in`=cdyxtcix]kh0316:6>9

fxxq7qcqety/yyto/im`yml9qcqety/in`=cdyxtcix]kh06;6;43

fxxq7qcqety/yyto/im`yml9qcqety/in`=cdyxtcix]kh0388596;

fxxq7yfmdfjcojc/konlkdoex/ci/kodkxyxtec`31>1941933434]ifcqxet4/qhn

fxxq7mqeociieyylkdtct{/mtjk cjeybe~ko]qfklqmxx/qh

85
http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1087863http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=898921http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1445389http://shobhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/2031/12/12_chapter2.pdfhttp://www.wikipedia.com/http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1087863http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=898921http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1445389http://shobhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/2031/12/12_chapter2.pdf


46/49

CQQEOHKIEY

SUEYXKMOOCKTE7

QETYMOCL QTMNKLE MN XFE TEYQMOHEOXY7

C/ OC@E &MQXKMOCL+7

D/ CHHTEYY &MQXKMOCL+7

I/ JEOHET7

@CLE & + NE@CLE & +H/ @CTXKCL YXCXUY7

@CTTKEH & + UO@CTTKEH& +E/ CJE JTMUQ &{ecty+7

36-48 45-98 95-8; 51->8 >5 coh cdm~e

N/ EHUICXKMOCL SUCLKNKICXKMOY7

@cxtki "4 Jtchucxkmo Qmyx Jtchucxkmo CohCdm~e

J/ MIIUQCXKMO7

Duykoeyy Yet~kie Qtmneyykmocl Mxfety

8>


47/49

F/ KOIM@E JTMUQ &cooucl+7

Leyy xfco

Ty/4,11,111

Ty/4,11,113-

5,11,111

Ty/ 5,11,113-

31,11,111

Cdm~e Ty/

31,11,111

S3/Zfkif mn xfe nmllmzkoj e-dcobkoj yet~kiey hm {mu uye= &qlecye tcob 3,4,9/ Ko mthet mn

ntesueoi{ mn uye+

E-DCOBKOJ YET^KIEY TCOB

c/CX@

d/ @mdkle dcobkoj

i/ Koxetoex dcobkoj

h/ Itehkx icth

4/ Hm {mu uye @mdkle Dcobkoj= &Qlecye xkib+

[ey Om

9/ Fmz ntesueoxl{ hm {mu uye `mdkle dcobkoj nmt xfe nmllmzkoj yet~kiey= &Qlecye xkib+

Yet~kiey Clzc{y Ymèxkèy Oe~et

c+ Jex {mut dclcoie hexckly

d+ Yxmq c ifesue qc{èox

8/ Fmz nct hm {mu cjtee zkxf xfe nmllmzkoj yxcxeèoxy telcxeh xm `mdkle dcobkoj &Qlecye xkib+

8:


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5/ Fmz nct hm {mu cjtee zkxf xfe nmllmzkoj `mdkle dcobkoj qtmdle`y= &Qlecye xkib+

Qtmdle`y Yxtmojl{

cjtee

Cjtee Uoheikheh Hky-

cjtee

Yxtmojl{ hkycjtee

c+ Qmyykdklkx{ mn ettmty ky fkjfetxfco Koxetoex dcobkoj

d+ Hcxc xtcoy kyykmo ky ~et{ylmz

i+ Kxy uye ky im`qlkicxeh

>/ Fmz nct hm {mu cjtee zkxf xfe nmllmzkoj yxcxe eoxy tejcthkoj {mut qmyx qutifcye

defc~kmt cy c `mdkle dcobkoj fmlhet= &Qlecye xkib+

Qmyx qutifcye defc~kmt Yxtmojl{

cjtee

Cjtee Uoheikheh Hky-

cjtee

Yxtmojl{ hkycjtee

c+ Imoxkoue xm uye `mdkledcobkoj ko nuxute

:/ Zfcx yqeiknki yujjeyxkmoy hm {mu fc~e xfcx zkll felq dcob xm k`qtm~e `mdkle dcobkoj=

Qlecye tcob xfe nmllmzkoj ko xet`y mn xfekt k`qmtxcoie7 &3,4,9,//+

c+ Ch~etxkyeèox tejcthkoj `mdkle dcobkoj /

d+ Dcob e`qlm{eey yfmulh xell xfekt iuyxm et cdmux mdkle dcobkoj deoenkxy /

i+ Yet~kie èyycjey yfmulh de yeox mo iuyxmèty mdkle ou det

h+ Qmyykdklkxkey mn ettmt yfmulh de lmzet //

86

Qmyx qutifcye defc~kmt Yxtmojl{

cjtee


hkycjtee

c+ @mdkle qfmoe dcobkoj ky cnc`klkct he~kie

d+ Imohuixkoj `mdkle dcobkoj ky

ncyx coh ennmtxleyyi+ Cletx nmt xtcoycixkmoy ky fkjfl{uyenul


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Documents

Project Report Mobile Banking