A REPORT ON VOCATIONAL TRAINING NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF
INDIA LIMITED (A Government of India Enterprise) Rajasthan Atomic
Power Station DURING THE PERIOD FROM 08th JUNE 2015 TO 07th AUGUST
2015 SUBMITED TO: Dr. Mahendra Lalwani SUBMITTED BY: LEKHA RAJ
MEENA Associate Professor Department of Electrical Engineering
Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity College of
Engineering, RTU, Kota Rajasthan Technical University College Roll
No. : 12EUCEE042 Kota(Raj.)E-Mail: [email protected] PREFACE As
we know that an engineerhas to serveanindustry,for thatonemust be
aware of industrial environment, their management, problems and the
way of working out their solutions at the industry.
Afterthecompletionofthecourseanengineermusthaveknowledgeof
interrelationbetweenthetheoryandthepractical.Forthis,onemustbefamiliar
with the practical knowledge with theory aspects.
Toawarewithpracticalknowledgetheengineeringcoursesprovidesa60days
industrial training where we get the opportunity to get theory
applying for running the various process and production in the
industry.
Ihavebeenluckyenoughtogetachanceforundergoingthistrainingat
RAJASTHANATOMICPOWERSTATION.Itisaconstituentofboardof
NPCIL.Thisreporthasbeenpreparedonthebasisofknowledgeacquiredbyme
during my training period of 60 days at the plant. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
MyReportistheresultoftheencouragementofmanypeoplewhohelpedin
shapingit
andprovidedirectionvaluablesupport.Itiswithheartygratitudethat I
knowledge their contributions to my report. I wouldlike to thank
Shri R.K. Sharma (TrainingCoordinator)for puttingfaithin
meandhiskindsupport.IamverythankfultomyprojectguideShriR.P.Saini
(SeniorTraining Officer) andShri M.L.Khichi (Training
Officer)forgiving their
preciousguidanceasandwhenneeded.IamthankfultoShriK.M.Jain(TO)for
providingnecessaryguidanceinselectingreferencematerialandexplaining
everything.IamverygratefultoShriAshokKumawat(SO/E),whohasalways
beenagreatsourceofinspiration.Iamalsothankfultoallthoseengineersand
technicianswithoutwhomitwasnotpossibleformetoclearmydoubtsand
difficulties. LEKHA RAJ MEENA (VOCATIONAL TRAINEE,
JUNE-AUGUST,2015) Department of Electrical Engineering University
College of Engineering, RTU, Kota College Roll No. : 12EUCEE042
E-Mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION
India'sNuclearpowerdevelopmentsareunderthepurviewoftheNuclearPower
Corporation of India, a government-owned entity under the
Department of Atomic
EnergyIndia.Thecorporationisresponsiblefordesigning,constructing,and
operatingnuclear-powerplants.In1995therewerenineoperationalplantswitha
potentialtotalcapacityof1,800megawatts,about 3percent
ofIndia'stotalpower generation. There are two units each in
Tarapur, north of Bombay in Maharashtra;
inRawatbhatainRajasthan;inKalpakkamnearMadrasinTamilNadu;andin
NarorainUttarPradesh;andoneunitinKakrapurinsoutheasternGujarat.
However,ofthenineplants,allhavebeenfacedwithsafetyproblemsthathave
shutdownreactorsforperiodsrangingfrommonthstoyears.TheRajasthan
Atomic Power Station in Rawatbhata, India was closed indefinitely,
as of February 1995. Moreover, environmental problems, caused by
radiation leaks, have cropped up in communities near Rawatbhata.
Other plants operate at only a fraction of their
capacity,andsomeforeignexpertsconsiderthemthemostinefficientnuclear-
power plants in the world. NEED FOR NUCLEAR POWER
Theexplorationofnaturalresourcesforgenerationofelectricityhasbeenan
evolutionaryprocess.Overtheyears,ithasprogressedfromtappingthepotential
energy of falling water to burning of fossil fuels. But the quest
for more sources of electricity, which is the cleanest and most
efficient form of energy, is unending and
thelimitsoftheconventionalsourceshaveservedtoheightenmansanxious
efforts in this regard. The discovery of fission and the promise of
abundance which
nuclearenergycametoholdsubsequentlyturnedmansattentiontoutilizethe
potentialofthissource.Consideringthecurrentpopulationgrowthwhichhas
alreadycrossed100croresinthe21stcenturyandimprovementsinstandardof
living of the forth coming generations, there will be a large
increase in the need of
mechanicalenergyparticularlyfromclean,greenandsafeenergysources.The
mechanical energy will play a vital role in sustainable development
of the country.
Amongalltheavailableconventionalandnonconventionalenergysources,the
nuclearenergyismostefficient,abundantlyavailable,sustainableandcost
effectiveenergysources.Itdoesnotemitobnoxiousgasesthatcauseglobal
warming, ozone hole and acid rain. ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN INDIA
About 64.75% of the electricity consumedinIndiaisgenerated by
thermalpower plants, 21.73% byhydroelectric power plants, 2.78%
bynuclear power plants and
10.73%byRenewableEnergySources.Morethan50%ofIndia'scommercial
energydemandismetthroughthecountry'svastcoalreserves.Thecountryhas
alsoinvestedheavilyinrecentyearsinrenewableenergyutilization,especially
wind energy. In 2010, India's installed wind generated electric
capacity was 13,064
MW.Additionally,Indiahascommittedmassiveamountoffundsforthe
construction of various nuclear reactors which would generate at
least 30,000 MW.
InJuly2009,Indiaunveileda$19billionplantoproduce20,000MWofsolar
power by 2022. INDIAN NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME
IndiasAtomicEnergyprogrammehasbeenamission-orientedcomprehensive
programme with a long-term focus. From its inception the guiding
principle of this
programmehasbeenself-reliancethroughtheutilizationofdomesticmineral
resources,andbuildingupcapabilitytofacepossiblerestrictionsininternational
technology and the exchange of resources. The events of the last 50
years have, in fact, validated this approach. The Department of
Atomic Energy (DAE) in India is today a broad-based
multidisciplinary organization incorporating basic and applied
research,technologydevelopmentandtheirtranslationintoindustrialapplication,
as closely linked activities. As a result, India today builds its
own thermal reactors
andassociatednuclearfuelcyclefacilitiesandiswellpoisedtomarchontothe
secondandthirdstagesofitsplannedprogrammeinvolvingfastbreederand
thoriumutilizationtechnologiesrespectively.Thiseffortisexpectedtoprovidea
significantlong-termsolutiontoIndiascrucialelectricityneedstosupportits
overall
development.TheDepartmentofAtomicEnergy(DAE)isadepartmentdirectlyunderthe
PrimeMinisterofIndiawithheadquarteredinMumbai.Thedepartmentis
responsiblefornucleartechnology,includingnuclearpowerandresearch.The
Headquarters of Indian Nuclear Power Projects are located at
Mumbai. DAE Regulatory Board and Organization Public SectorAided
Sector & Industries and Mining UniversitiesResearch &
Development Sector Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), Mumbai,
MaharashtraAtomic Energy Commission (AEC) Mumbai, Maharashtra Board
of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Mumbai, Maharashtra
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL), Mumbai,
Maharashtra NUCLEAR POWER CORORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (NPCIL)
TheNuclearPowerCorporationofIndiaLimited(NPCIL)isagovernment-ownedcorporationofIndiabasedinMumbai.Oneofthepublicsector
undertakings,itiswholly owned by the Union Government
andisresponsiblefor
thegenerationofnuclearpowerforelectricity.NPCILisadministeredbythe
DepartmentofAtomicEnergy(DAE),partoftheMinistryofScienceand
Technology. NPCIL is the only power utility company in India which
uses nuclear fuel
sources.NPCILwascreatedinSeptember1987aspubliclimitedcompanyunderthe
CompaniesAct
1956,"withtheobjectiveofundertakingthedesign,construction,
operationandmaintenanceoftheatomicpowerstationsforgenerationof
electricityinpursuanceoftheschemesandprogrammesoftheGovernmentof
IndiaundertheprovisionoftheAtomicEnergyAct1962."Allnuclearpower
plantsoperatedbythecompanyarecertifiedforISO-14001(Environment
Management
System).NPCILisresponsiblefordesign,construction,commissioningandoperationof
nuclearpowerreactors.AtomicEnergyAct,1962.NPCILhasalsoequity
participationinBHAVINI,anorganizationformedforimplementationforFast
Breeder Reactors programme in the
country.NPCIListhesolebodyresponsibleforconstructingandoperatingIndia's
commercialnuclearpowerplants.AsofNovember27,2010thecompanyhad20
nuclearreactorsinoperationatsixlocations,atotalinstalledcapacityof4780
MWe.Subsequenttothegovernment'sdecisiontoallowprivatecompaniesto
providenuclearpower,thecompanyhasexperiencedproblemswithprivate
enterprises "poaching" its employees. NPCILS MISSION
TheMissionoftheCompanyisTodevelopnuclearpowertechnologyandto
producenuclearpower as a safe, environmentally benign and
economicallyviable source of electrical energy to meet the
increasing electricity needs of the country'. VISION NPCIL has its
vision to have an installed nuclear power capacity of 20,000 MW(e)
by the year 2020. This capacity could be achieved by the
development of more 220
MW(e),550MW(e)and1000MW(e)unitsofPressurizedheavywaterreactors,
importing light water reactors and by the introduction of fast
breeder reactors. NPCIL PLANTS OPERATING NUCLEAR PLANTS: 1) Tarapur
Atomic Power Station (TAPS)2) Rajasthan Atomic Power Station
(RAPS)3) Madras Atomic Power Station (MAPS)4) Narora Atomic Power
Station (NAPS)5) Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (KAPS)6) Kaiga
Generating Station (KGS)7) Kudankulam Atomic Power Project 1)Under
Operation: UNITTYPECAPACITY(MWe) SINCE TAPS-1 (Tarapur Atomic Power
Station)BWR160October 28, 1969 TAPS-2BWR160October 28, 1969
TAPS-3PHWR540August 18, 2006 TAPS-4PHWR540September12, 2005 RAPS-1
( Rajasthan Atomic Power Station)PHWR100December 16, 1973
RAPS-2PHWR200April 1, 1981 RAPS-3PHWR220June 1, 2000
RAPS-4PHWR220December 23, 2000 RAPS-5PHWR220February 4, 2010
RAPS-6PHWR220March 31, 2010 MAPS-1 (Madras Atomic Power
Station)PHWR220January 27, 1984 MAPS-2PHWR220March 21, 1986 NAPS-1
(Narora Atomic Power Station)PHWR220January 1, 1991
NAPS-2PHWR220July 1, 1992 KAPS-1(Kakrapar Atomic Power
Station)PHWR220May 6, 1993 KAPS-2PHWR220September 1, 1995 KGS-1
(Kaiga Generating Station)PHWR220November 16, 2001KGS-2PHWR220March
16, 2000KGS-3PHWR220May 6, 2007 KGS-4PHWR220January 20, 2011
KNPP-1(Kudankulam Atomic Power Project)PWR1000December 31, 2014
Total=5780 2)Under construction: UNITTYPECAPACITY(MWe) EXPECTED
DATE KNPP-2(Kudankulam Atomic Power Project)PWR1000November-2015
KAPS-3(Kakrapar Atomic Power Station)PHWR700Under Review
KAPS-4PHWR700Under Review RAPS-7( Rajasthan Atomic Power
Station)PHWR700June-2016 RAPS-8PHWR700December-2016 Total=3800
