Project report

A Report on

TRANSMISSION LINE CONSTRUCTION

By

RITESH M. PANCHALDiploma Trainee [Electrical]

Emp.No:20759

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD.(A Government of India Enterprise)

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD.(A Government of India Enterprise)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the

project report entitled

“Transmission line

Construction”, is the

work done by Mr. Ritesh

M. Panchal (Emp.No:

20759) and submitted in

partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the

training process at

Parbhani TLC Office.

(Maharashtra).

Ritesh I. Mendhe Sushant G. Parhate Atul Srivastava Engineer (TLC), Manager, Ambajogai Chief Manager. Parbhani Ambajogai

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Shri Atul Srivastava,

Chief Manager, Ambajogai for his valuable suggestions and

encouragement.

My special gratitude extends to Shri.S.G. Parhate Manager, &

Shri R.I.Mendhe, Engineer (TLC) for their cooperation and

support during my training period.

I would like to thank all my friends, batchmates for their constant

help and support during my training period.

RITESH M. PANCHAL

CONTENTS

Sr. No. Description Page No.

1. About POWERGRID 1

2. Introduction About PARLI Project 2

3. Surveying 7

4. Foundation 12

5. Tower Erection 24

6. Stringing 30

7. Compensation 33

8. Forest Case 35

9. Conclusion 39

ABOUT POWERGRID

POWERGRID – EMPOWERING THE NATION THROUGH NATIONAL GRID

POWERGRID is a central transmission utility, wholly owned by government of India which is entrusted with the task to install, own, operate, and maintain regional/national transmission network across the length and breadth of the country. It is one of the largest and best managed transmission utility in the world which is consistently profit making.

POWERGRID achieved unique distinction of being First Power Utility and Second Company in the world to get certificate with Integrated Management System (IMS) as per Publicly Available Specification, PAS 99:2006 integrating requirements of ISO 9001:2000 (Quality), ISO 14001:2004 (Environment) & OHSAS 18001:1999 (Occupational Health & Safety Management System) after extensive audit. During the Financial Year 2007-08 POWERGRID achieved another milestone in its quest for excellence in quality management and got certified to Social Accountability Standards SA 8000:2001

POWERGRID, a Navratna Public Sector Enterprise, is one of the largest transmission utilities in the world. POWERGRID wheels about 45% of the total power generated in the country on its transmission network. POWERGRID has a pan India presence with around 69480 Circuit Kms of Transmission network and 116 nos. of EHVAC & HVDC sub-stations with a total transformation capacity of 77217 MVA. With

17000MW Inter-regional Power transfers capacity. POWERGRID has also diversified into Telecom business and established a telecom network of more than 19,000 Kms across the country. POWERGRID has consistently maintained the transmission system availability at 99.65% which is at par with the International Utilities.

ABOUT PARLI PROJECT

A new 400/220KV Sub-station and associated lines are under construction at Ambajogai (Parli) Dist.: Beed. The project is sanctioned by Ministry Of Power (Govt. Of India) vide letter Dt. 12/07/2004 –PG dated July- 2006, has granted administrative approval and expenditure sanction for Transmission lines and Sub-station under WRSS-II scheme as per Electricity Act- 2003. This project is planned for System Strengthening as well as supply power to Southern Maharashtra.

There are two incoming lines.

A. 400 KV H.V. Double Circuit, Wardha-Parli Transmission LineB. 400 KV H.V.Double circuit, Bhadravati-Parli Transmission

line.

Parli Substation has following three 400KV double circuit Outgoing lines.

a. 400KV double circuit Transmission line to MSEB Substation- Girwali

b. 400KV double circuit Transmission line to Pune (PGCIL) Substation.

c. 400KV double circuit Transmission line to Solapur (PGCIL) substation.

400/220KV SUBSTATION :

1. SUBSTATION LOCATION :New 400/220KV Substation is located on Parli-Beed State

highway, village Shepwadi (Ambajogai), Dist: Beed. Total 15.79 hector land is acquired for Substation construction.

Substation planned for two incoming lines, three outgoing lines, associated 400KV bays, Future Extension(220KV), Residential building, Office, Community Hall, LT switchyard, Fire fighting Pump house, etc.

2. SITE LEVELING :Contract for Site leveling is given to M/s Nath Construction

(Parli).Work for Site leveling is started in February-2008, and completed in May-2008. Substation site is situated 653.30mtr above MSL. Site leveling is completed in five step of one meter height difference due to slope of land.

3.BOUNDRYWALL: Contract for construction of Boundary wall was awarded to

M/s. R.B.Jain (Parli) through LOA no. - WR-I/C&M/AB/BW/Parli/LOA/2008/41/413 dated 06/06/2008. Work of construction of boundary wall is in progress and 80% of the construction work is completed. Total construction cost is 10,958,517/- INR.

4. SITE OFFICE :Construction of Site Office is awarded to M/s. Aanand

Engineers, Parli. Work is started from 4TH May 2009 and is under progress.

5.RESIDENTIAL QUARTERS: Construction work of Residential Quarters is awarded to M/s.

Rudrani Infrastructures Ltd. Aurangabad. Construction work is started from 10TH December, 2008 and is under progress.

6. APPROACH ROAD :Construction work of Approach road with Culvert from main

road (Parli-Ambajogai state highway) to Substation is awarded to M/s. B.D.Sanap. Work is completed in January-2009.

7.SWITCHYARD: Construction, Equipment supply & Erection, Commissioning of

400KV switchyard is awarded to M/s. ABB Ltd. Foundation work for Gantry is started. Supply of Sub-station equipment has also started and some of the CTs, CVTs, and BPIs etc. are arrived at site.

8.LT SUPPLY:

Temporary Supply from nearest 11KV line & Commissioning of 11/0.440 Kv substation with Max. Demand of 100KVA with associated metering & switching arrangement is awarded to M/s. Pratibha Electrical Engineers, Ambajogai through L.O.A.- WRTS:B:DHQ:C&M:146/344 dated 15/07/2008.

Transformer of 11000/440 v, 250KVA is received from Wardha Substation. Temporary LT supply work is completed.

INCOMING LINES:

A. 400 KV Double Circuit Wardha-Parli Transmission Line:

As per WRSS-II, System Strengthening in Southern Maharashtra, A 400KV double circuit Quad Conductor Transmission line is constructed to connect Parli Substation with Wardha Substation.

Preliminary Survey & Detail Survey is done by M/s Jyoti Structure Ltd. Mumbai. Supply & Service Contract is also awarded to M/s Jyoti Structure Ltd. Mumbai.

Brief Details of Wardha-Parli Tr. Line is given below:

Total line length- 345.879 Km No. of Angle tower- 168No. Total forest area:

2.714 hector forest in Parbhani division (D-2 package)7.910 hector forest in Pusad division (D-2 package)

Total project is divided in three parts:

a. D-1 package: From Wardha to Arni From Angle tower 110 to 168 Package length- 119 Km Work is supervised by Wardha Substation

b. D-2 package: From Arni to Basmat From Angle Tower 52 to 110 Package length- 113 Km Work supervised by Bhadravati Substation

c. D-3 package: From Basmat to Parli (Ambajogai) From dead end tower (AP-0) to Angle tower 52 Package length-115 km Work supervised by Parli substation.

Foundation, Tower Erection, & stringing work is under progress.

Brief Details of Construction work in D-3 package is given below: Check survey completed- 115 Km Check survey Approved- 100 Km Total Towers in D-3 package- 294 No. No. of foundation completed- 152no. No. of Tower erection completed- 50 no. No. of tower with Insulator hoisting- 12 No. Railway Crossing- Three railway crossing in D-3 package.

Parbhani-Gangakhed (Non Electrified) Track. AP- 23 to AP-24

Parbhani- Nanded (Non Electrified) Track. AP-34 to AP-35.

Basmat- Akola (Non Electrified) track. AP-51 to AP-52.

River Crossing- Two river crossing in D-3 package. Godavari river- AP- 19 to AP-20 (DB +6 tower, span-485mtr)

Purna river- AP- 39 to AP- 40, (DB +6 tower, span-485mtr)

National Highway Crossing: NH 222- Parbhani-Nanded (AP/47 to AP 48)

CONDUCTOR:

Supply of 2790Km of ACSR Moose conductor for D-3 package is awarded to M/s Hiren Aluminium Limited, Silvassa. Through N.O.A.- C-33014-L175-1/NOA/2606 dated 08/08/2008, & Specification No.- C-33014-L175-1. Total 428 drums of 1800+_5% mtrs are received at site till the date.Standard Specification of ACSR moose conductor is given below.

Aluminum Stranding/Diameter: - 54/3.53 mm Steel Stranding/ Diameter: - 7/3.53 mm Overall Diameter: - 31.77 mm Cross Sectional Area: - 597 Sq. mm. Ultimate Tensile Strength: - 16428 Kg Final module of Elasticity: - 7034 Kg/ mm2 Designed load Tension: - 6214- 7414 Kg Co- efficient of liner expansion: - 1.9 E- 05 Normal ruling Span: - 400 mtr.

Standard Specification of Earth wire is given below.

G.I.Wire Stranding/ Diameter: - 7/3.66 mm

Overall Diameter: - 10.98mm Unit mass: - 583 Kg/Km Designed load Tension: - 2560-3086 Kg

INSULATOR :

Award for Supply of 120KN & 160KN disc insulator to M/s. Nanjing Electric (Group) Co. Limited, China through Indian Agent M/s. Alpasso Ind. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, Wide Supply NOA- C-33013-L179-1/NOA-I/2646, & Service NOA- C-33025-L079-1/NOA-II/2647 Dated 22ND September 2008.

POWERGRID has been awarded Total 102228 Nos. of 120KN disc insulator & 128570 Nos. of 160KN Disc Insulator supply in period of 16 month from the date of NOA.

Standard Specification for Insulator is given below:Sr.No.

Description Unit 120KN 160KN

1 DIMENSIONa. Disc Insulator Diameter mm 255.00 280.00b. Tolerance of diameter ±mm 11.00 13.00c. Ball to ball spacing between disc. mm 145.00 170.00d. Tolerance of spacing ± mm 4.0 5.0e. min. Creepage distance mm 315.00 330.00

2 a. Power frequency flashover voltage- dry

KVrms 75.00 78.00

b. Power frequency flashover voltage- wet

KVrms 45.00 48.00

3 Power Frequency Puncture Voltage KVrms 120.00 125.004 Min. Visible discharge Voltage – dry KV rms 18.00 18.005 Max. RIV at 1MHz and 10KV rms microV 50.0 50.06 Min. mass of Zinc Coating Gm/

sqm600 600

7 Unit Price Euro 3.50 7.01

B. 400 KV Double Circuit Bhadravati -Parli Transmission Line:

As per WRSS-II, System Strengthening in Southern Maharashtra, A 400KV double circuit twin Conductor Transmission line is constructed to connecting Parli Substation with Bhadravati Substation.

Preliminary Survey & Detail Survey is done by M/s Shyama Powers India Pvt.Limited. Supply & Service Contract is awarded to M/s L&T ECC division, Mumbai.

Brief Details of Bhadravati-Parli Tr. Line is given below: BEE line length- 328.27 Km Total line length- 380.191 Km

No. of Angle tower- 136 No. Total forest area:

3.70 hector forest in Pusad division, Mahagaon Tehsil

Total project is divided in two part: G-1 package: From Bhadravati to Umarkhed From Angle tower 01 to 66 Package length- 189.494 Km Total Nos. of Towers: 509 no. Suspension tower: 415 no Tension Tower: 92 no. Transposition Tower: 02 no Work is supervised by Bhadravati Substation

G-2 package: From Umarkhed to Parli [Ambajogai] From Angle Tower 66 to 136 Package length- 190.697Km

Total Nos. of Towers: 513no. Suspension tower: 380no Tension Tower: 132 no. Transposition Tower:01 no

Work supervised by Ambajogai Substation

Foundation, & Tower Erection, work is under progress.

Brief Details of Construction work in G-2 package is given below: Total Section length- 190.697 Km Check survey completed- 170Km Total Towers in G-2 package- 513 no. No. of foundation completed- 175no. No. of Tower erection completed- 16 no. Railway Crossing- Two railway crossing in G-2 package.

Parbhani-Gangakhed (Non Electrified) Track. AP- 110 to AP-111

Parbhani- Nanded (Non Electrified) Track. AP-107 to AP-108.

SURVEYING

Surveying is the most important activity in the transmission line construction and it broadly consists of preliminary survey, detailed survey, Check survey.

(a)Preliminary Survey: - To finalize the Route alignment.(b)Detail survey: - Route marking, Profile plotting & Tower

spotting.(c) Check Survey: - Actual tower spotting on the ground.

Bee line (shortest distance) is identified between the two stations and survey is carried on to obtain the shortest possible route

between the points. The following should be avoided in the line route as far as possible to avoid excessive cost of the project:

Forest areas Rivers and dams Highways and railway crossings etc.

PRELIMINARY SURVEY [Route Alignment] : Route Alignment shall be done using satellite imageries of NRSA

( PAN and LISS III merged product of minimum resolution corresponding to 1:25000 scale) and Survey of India topographical maps (scale 1:50000). The Contractor shall identify and examine three alternative route alignments and suggest to the owner the optimal route alignment.

Requirement of Transmission Line Route Alignment:

The alignment of the transmission line shall be most economical from the point of view of construction and maintenance.

Routing of transmission line through forest (PF/RF) area should be avoided. In case it is not possible to avoid forest, minimum tree cutting alignment should be selected.

The route should have minimum crossing of Major River, Railway line, National highway, State Highway, Over head EHV power lines, and Communication lines.

The number of Angle points should be kept minimum. Angle points should be selected such that shifting of the point within 100 mtrs radius is possible at the time of construction.

The Route should be shortest possible consistent with the terrain encountered.

Marshy and low lying areas, river beds and earth slip zones should be avoided to minimize risk to the foundation. Preferably utilize level ground for alignment. Areas subjected to flooding which require special foundation shall be avoided.

Crossing of Power lines shall be minimum and alignment should be kept at a distance of 300 mtr from Power line to avoid induction problems on LT lines.

Crossing of communication line shall be minimized and should be near to right angle. Parallelism shall be eliminated to avoid danger of induction to them.

Restricted areas such as Civil & Military airfield shall be avoided. Care should also be taken to avoid aircraft landing approaches.

All alignment should be easily accessible both in dry and rainy seasons to enable the line maintenance throughout the year.

Certain areas such as quarry sites, tea, tobacco and saffron fields and rich plantations, gardens, and nurseries should be avoided.

The line routing should avoid large habitations, densely populated areas, Forest, animal/ bird sanctuaries, reserve coal belt areas, oil pipe line, and underground inflammable pipelines.

1.1 Detailed survey The detailed survey shall be carried out using GPS, Total

station, Digital theodolite etc. Along the approved route alignment, Soil resistivity to be measured by four electrode method along the route.

Detail Survey involves following activities:A. Route MarkingB. Profile PlottingC. Tower Spotting, andD. Clearance from ground, Buildings, Trees, etc.

A. Route making The route of the transmission line shall be recorded using GPS

of positional accuracy less than 3 mtr. The co- ordinates of all the angle points as well as other important crossings, land marks etc. Shall be recorded using GPS for easy relocating. At starting point an Angle Spike of size 65X65X6 mm, 1000mm long to be driven firmly into the ground to project 150mm above ground level. At an interval of 750 mtr along the route, teak wood peg of size 50X50X650mm shall be driven projecting 100mm above GL. At Angle Points, Stone/ Concrete pillars minimum 150X150X300mm with POWERGRID marked on them shall be put on the ground.

B. Profile plotting The complete profiling along the route shall be carried out

using modern surveying equipments viz. Total Stations, Digital Theodolite, GPS, long range scanners etc. From the field book entries the route plan with complete details and profile shall be plotted and prepared to scale 1:2000 horizontal and 1:200 vertical on 1.0, 10mm squared paper. Reference levels at every 20mtr along the route are to be indicated on the profile.

Optimization of Tower Location: It shall be done using Computer Aided tower spotting Data. The Sag-tension characteristics of the conductor and tower spotting data shall be furnished by the Owner. Sag template curves shall be prepared by the contractor.

C. Sag template and tower spotting data Sag template prepared based on the supplied sag template curve

drawing shall only be used for tower spotting on the profiles. The templates shall be on the same scale as that of the profile with the help of supplied sag template and tower spotting data, tower locations shall be marked on the profiles. While locating the towers on the profile sheet, the following shall be borne in mind.

(a)Span: The numbers of consecutive spans between the section points shall not exceed 15 spans or 5 Km in plain terrain and 10 spans or 3 Km in hilly terrain.

(b) Extension/ Truncation: An individual span shall be as near to the normal design span as possible. In case ground clearance is not available with normal supports, the standard body/ leg extension is provided. In case of locations having more ground clearance, the truncated tower can be used.

(c) Loading: There shall be not be any upward force on the suspension towers under normal working conditions and min. Weight span is there. In case uplift is unavoidable, it shall be overcome by adding extension or using tension tower designed for uplift.

The profile sheets duly spotted along with the preliminary schedules indicating type of towers, type of foundations. Wind span, weight span, angle of deviation, river and road crossing details shall be submitted for the approval of POWERGRID.

D. Check survey for tower location: The check survey shall be conducted to locate and peg-mark

the tower positions on ground confirming to the approved profile and tower schedule. The levels, up or down of each pit center with respect to the centre of the tower location shall be noted and recorded for determining the amount of earthwork required to meet the approved design parameters.

If the levels of the pit centers be in sharp contrast with the level of the tower centre (say beyond a slope of 1:4), suitable “Leg Extension” may be deployed as required.

1.6 Span and clearances:

(a)Normal span: The normal ruling span of the line is 400m

(b)Wind span: The wind span is the sum of the two half spans adjacent to the support under consideration for normal horizontal spans this equals to normal ruling span.

(c)Weight span:The weight span is the horizontal distance between the lowest point of the conductors on the two spans adjacent to the tower. For spotting of structures, the span limits are given according to the standards.

Ground clearance: Clearance from ground, building, trees and telephone lines shall be provided in conformity with the Indian Electricity Rules, 1956 as amended up to date.

Normally at the time of construction adequate clearance is provided between lowest conductor and ground. The minimum ground clearance from the bottom conductor shall not be less than 8840mm for 400KV at the maximum sag conditions. The summary of the clearances are given in the following table.

Clearances 132KV 220KV 400KV 765KVGround clearance(m) 6.1 7.01 8.84 15

Railway Crossing Clearance : a) Railway crossing should be finalized as per regulation said by

Railway Authority.b) The crossing span shall be limited to 300m.c) The crossing shall normally be at right angle to the railway

track.d) Crossing should be done with DD type tower.e) Min. Distance of crossing tower from rail track should be

Tower height plus 6 mtr. f) The summary of the clearances are given in the following

table:Clearances 132K

V220KV 400KV 765KV

Railway track clearance(m) 14.60 15.40 17.90 24.70

Electrical clearances:In case of line crossings, clearance between lowest conductor of line and top conductor of the other line shall be as follows:VOLTAGE LEVEL

AS PER I.E. RULES- 1956 AS PER FCA -1980

Ground Clearance (min)

Phase to Phase Clearance (After accounting Swing)

Power Line Crossing Clearance (min)

Clearance Between Conductor and Tree (min)

Right Of Way

66 KV 5.50 1.64 2.44 3.40 18.00110KV 6.10 1.87 2.75 3.70 22.00132KV 6.10 3.07 3.05 4.00 27.00220KV 7.00 4.12 4.58 4.60 35.00400KV 8.80 6.49 6.10 5.50 46.00765KV 12.10 10.89 11.50 5.50 64.00HVDC 500KV

12.50 10.00 7.94 5.50 46.00

Clearance for Telephone line crossings:

The angle of crossing shall be as near to 90 as possible. However deviation to the extent of 30 degree may be permitted under exceptionally difficult situation. The minimum clearances between the conductors of power lines and telecommunication lines are summarized as follows

(Voltage KV) Clearance(mm)

132 2745

220 3050

400 4880

Right of way:Transmission line Voltage

(KV)ROW (Mtrs.)Maxm

11 7.0033 15.0066 18.00110 22.00132 27.00220 35.00400 46.00

+/- 500KV HVDC & 400KV S/C 52.00800 64.00

RIVER CROSSING: In case of major river crossing, tower shall be of suspension type and the anchor towers on either side. Clearance required by the navigation authority provided. For non navigable rivers, clearance shall be reckoned with respect to High Flood Level.

POWER LINE CROSSING: Where EHV line is to cross over another power line of same or Lower Voltage level, DD type tower with suitable extension shall be used. Minimum clearance in meters between line when crossing each other Are as follows.

Sr. No. System Voltage 132KV 220KV 400KV 800KV1 132KV 3.05 4.58 5.49 7.942 220KV 4.58 4.58 5.49 7.943 400KV 5.49 5.49 5.49 7.944 800KV 7.94 7.94 7.94 7.94 DETAIL ENROUTE: All topographical details, permanent features, such as trees, buildings etc. 23 mtr for 400 KV and 32 mtr

for 765 KV on either side of the alignment shall be detailed on the profile plan.

FOUNDATION

The foundations are designed to transfer all types of loads coming from structure to the soil safely. The tower foundation cost approx 10 to 30% of overall cost of tower or 5 to 15% of the transmission line depending on the type of soil. The design of a safe and economical foundation is based on soil properties, knowledge of soil structure interaction and settlement analysis of tower foundation. Foundations are designed to satisfy the criteria like location, depth, stability, bearing capacity and settlement criteria. Foundation process involves the stages like

Trial pit. Foundation classification Pit marking, Excavation, Concreting.

2.1 TRIAL PIT:Trial pit shall be of minimum 2m X 2m size at the bottom so as to permit easy access for visual examination of walls of the pit and to facilitate sampling and institute testing operations. Pits shall be up to 4mtr deep or as per the direction of the engineer. Precautions shall be taken to ensure the stability of pit walls including provision of Shoring, if necessary, as per IS:4453. Precaution shall be taken to prevent surface water draining into the pit. Arrangement shall be made for dewatering if the pit is extended below water table. Trial pits shall be kept dry and ladder shall be provided for easy access to bottom of the pit. In-situ tests be conducted and undisturbed samples shall be collected immediately on reaching the specified depth so as to avoid substantial changes in moisture content of sub soil. Arrangement shall be made for barriers, protective measures and lighting necessary for the period the pits remain open.

A note on the visual examination of soil strata shall be prepared. This should include the nature, colours, consistency and visual classification of the soil, thickness of soil strata, ground water table, if any, etc. Undisturbed samples shall be collected at 1.0 M, 2.0 M, and 3.0M depth and at the termination depth in all the pits.

2.2 Classification:The construction of tower foundation shall be in accordance with IS: 4091:1979 and POWERGRID technical specification.

Classification mainly depends on soil properties, sub soil water level and the presence of surface water. Classification is very

important due to any failure of the foundation will cause serious disturbance on the line and the restoration cost of the line will be quite high. The foundation is designed to resist the forces like uplift force, down thrust and neutral load caused due to wind pressure.

Foundations classified based on soil type and subsoil water levels are listed below:(A)Normal dry(B) Sandy dry(C) Wet(D) Partially submerged (PS)(E) Fully submerged (FS)(F) Black cotton soil (WBC)(G) Dry fissured rock (DFR)(H) Wet fissured rock (WFR)(I) Submerged fissured rock(SFR)(J) Hard rock (HR)

Adoption of Foundations in Different types of Soils

S N Type of Soil Encountered Type of Foundation

01 a) In Good Soilb) Where black cotton soil does not extent beyond 30% of the depth from top with good soils thereafterc) Silty sand mixed with clayey soil (In all of above cases water table is not encountered in the pit)

Normal Dry

02 a) In paddy fields and sugar cane fieldsb) Where black cotton soil exceeds 30% and

extends up to 45% from the ground level and good soil thereafter.

c) Where sub-soil water is encountered in the pit beyond 1.5 m from ground level.

d) Where silty sand mixed with clayey soil and water is encountered in the pit beyond 1.5 m from ground level.

Wet

03 a) Where black cotton soil extends up to 60% of the depth from the ground level and good soil thereafter,

b) Where sub-soil water is encountered in the pit between 0.75 m and 1.5 m depth from ground level

c) Where silty sand mixed with clayey soil and water table in the pit is betn 0.75 m &

Partially Submerged

1.5 m from ground level.04 a) Where sub-soil water is encountered in the

pit within 0.75 m from ground level.b) Where silty sand mixed with clayey soil

and water table in the pit is within 0.75 m.

Fully Submerged

05 a) Where normal soil encountered with fissured rock at the bottom without the presence of water.

b) b) Where fissured rock is predominant in the pit without presence of water.

c) c) Where hard rock thickness at the bottom of the pit is less than 2.0 m.

DFR (Dry Fissured

Rock)

06 Wherever black cotton soil extends beyond 60% of the depth from ground level Wet Black

Cotton07 a) Where fissured rock is encountered

with sub-soil water after 1.5 m depth from ground levelb) Where fissured rock is encountered with sub-soil water within 1.5 m depth from ground

Wet F R

S F R

08 a) Where Hard Rock is encountered and the thickness of hard rock layer below the bottom of foundation is more than 2.0 m b) Wherever hard rock is encountered with sub-soil water

Hard RockFdn classification as per soil investigation & approval of Engg.

Adoption of Foundation in Black Cotton Soil with Fissured Rock Combination

S N Type of Soil Encountered Type of Fdn

01 a) If fissured rock is encountered at the bottom of pit (with black cotton soil at top) for a depth of not less than 1.0 m or the thickness of the bottom slab concrete of dry fissured rock foundation whichever is less.

b) If fissured rock in combination with water is encountered at the bottom of the pit with black cotton soil at the top.

Dry Fissured Rock Fdn withWet chimneys

Wet Fissured Rock Fdn to be adopted

Adoption of Foundation in Black Cotton Soil with Hard Rock Combination


01 a) If hard rock is encountered at the bottom of the pit (with black cotton soil at the top) and the thickness of the hard rock layer below foundation is more than 2.0 m

b) If hard rock is encountered at the bottom of the pit with black cotton soil at the top and the thickness of the hard rock layer depth is less than 2.0 m

c) If hard rock is encountered at the bottom with water and black cotton soil at top and hard rock layer depth is less than

2.0 meter.

Hard Rock Foundationwith Wet Chimneys

Fissured Rock Fdn. with Wet Chimneys

Wet Fissured Rock Foundation

Adoption of Foundation in Sand in combination of Sub-Soil Water


01

02

03

Predominantly sand mixed with clay or other soil (without sub-soil water)Predominantly sand mixed with soils encountered with sub- soil water in the pits.Pure sand encountered with sub-soil water inside the pit.

Dry Sandy

FS/Wet Sandy

FS/Wet Sandy

Adoption of Foundation in Clay mixed with Silty Sand


01

02

03

Pure clay encountered without water

Predominantly clay mixed with silty sand encountered with sub-soil water in the pits.Predominantly silty sand mixed with clay encountered with sub-soil water in the pits.

Dry Black Cotton

Wet Black Cotton

Normal Fdn based on water table to be adopted

The proposal for these types of foundations shall be submitted by the contractor based on detailed soil investigation and approval for the same shall be obtained from POWERGRID.

2.2 Pit marking: For pit marking, the following factors are involved

Back to Back length Tangent(stub slope angle) Diagonal length Pit size

Pit marking Details of 400KV Double circuit, Quad conductor Wardha-Parli Tr. Line is mentioned below:

A B C

D

OE

PIT MARKING DETAILS - DA TYPE

SL NO

FDN CLASSIFICATIO

N

TOWER EXTN OA OC OE OB OD PIT

SIZEM ( PIT

CENTER)

01 DRY +0 M 7.8175 15.635 26.689 12.855 19.566 2.78 12.85502 +1.5 M 8.0965 16.193 27.641 13.273 20.322 2.92 13.27303 +3.0 M 8.305 16.61 28.353 13.69 20.739 2.92 13.6904 +4.5 M 8.514 17.028 29.067 14.108 21.157 2.92 14.10805 +6.0 M 8.723 17.446 29.780 14.526 21.575 2.92 14.52606 +7.5 M 8.932 17.864 30.494 14.944 21.993 2.92 14.94407 +9.0 M 9.1405 18.281 31.206 15.361 22.410 2.92 15.36109 WET +0 M 8.5325 17.065 29.130 12.855 23.018 4.21 12.85510 +1.5 M 8.8215 17.643 30.117 13.273 23.822 4.37 13.27311 +3.0 M 9.03 18.06 30.828 13.69 24.239 4.37 13.6912 +4.5 M 9.239 18.478 31.542 14.108 24.657 4.37 14.10813 +6.0 M 9.448 18.896 32.255 14.526 25.075 4.37 14.52614 +7.5 M 9.657 19.314 32.969 14.944 25.493 4.37 14.94415 +9.0 M 9.8655 19.731 33.681 15.361 25.910 4.37 15.36117 PS +0 M 8.7825 17.565 29.983 12.855 24.225 4.71 12.85518 +1.5 M 9.0765 18.153 30.987 13.273 25.053 4.88 13.27319 +3.0 M 9.285 18.57 31.699 13.69 25.470 4.88 13.6920 +4.5 M 9.494 18.988 32.413 14.108 25.888 4.88 14.10821 +6.0 M 9.703 19.406 33.126 14.526 26.306 4.88 14.52622 +7.5 M 9.912 19.824 33.840 14.944 26.724 4.88 14.944

23 +9.0 M10.120

5 20.241 34.551 15.361 27.141 4.88 15.36125 FS +0 M 8.9925 17.985 30.700 12.855 25.239 5.13 12.85526 +1.5 M 9.2865 18.573 31.704 13.273 26.067 5.3 13.27327 +3.0 M 9.495 18.99 32.416 13.69 26.484 5.3 13.6928 +4.5 M 9.704 19.408 33.129 14.108 26.902 5.3 14.10829 +6.0 M 9.913 19.826 33.843 14.526 27.320 5.3 14.52630 +7.5 M 10.122 20.244 34.557 14.944 27.738 5.3 14.944

31 +9.0 M10.330

5 20.661 35.268 15.361 28.155 5.3 15.36133 WBC +0 M 9.2675 18.535 31.639 12.855 26.567 5.68 12.85534 +1.5 M 9.5615 19.123 32.643 13.273 27.395 5.85 13.27335 +3.0 M 9.77 19.54 33.355 13.69 27.812 5.85 13.6936 +4.5 M 9.979 19.958 34.068 14.108 28.230 5.85 14.10837 +6.0 M 10.188 20.376 34.782 14.526 28.648 5.85 14.52638 +7.5 M 10.397 20.794 35.495 14.944 29.066 5.85 14.944

39 +9.0 M10.605

5 21.211 36.207 15.361 29.483 5.85 15.36141 DFR +0 M 7.8125 15.625 26.672 12.855 19.542 2.77 12.85542 +1.5 M 8.0915 16.183 27.624 13.273 20.298 2.91 13.27343 +3.0 M 8.3 16.6 28.336 13.69 20.715 2.91 13.6944 +4.5 M 8.509 17.018 29.050 14.108 21.133 2.91 14.10845 +6.0 M 8.718 17.436 29.763 14.526 21.551 2.91 14.52646 +7.5 M 8.927 17.854 30.477 14.944 21.969 2.91 14.94447 +9.0 M 9.1355 18.271 31.189 15.361 22.386 2.91 15.36149 WFR +0 M 8.2775 16.555 28.259 12.855 21.787 3.7 12.85550 +1.5 M 8.5665 17.133 29.246 13.273 22.591 3.86 13.27351 +3.0 M 8.775 17.55 29.958 13.69 23.008 3.86 13.6952 +4.5 M 8.984 17.968 30.671 14.108 23.426 3.86 14.10853 +6.0 M 9.193 18.386 31.385 14.526 23.844 3.86 14.52654 +7.5 M 9.402 18.804 32.098 14.944 24.262 3.86 14.94455 +9.0 M 9.6105 19.221 32.810 15.361 24.679 3.86 15.36157 SFR +0 M 8.6425 17.285 29.505 12.855 23.549 4.43 12.85558 +1.5 M 8.9365 17.873 30.509 13.273 24.377 4.6 13.27359 +3.0 M 9.145 18.29 31.221 13.69 24.794 4.6 13.6960 +4.5 M 9.354 18.708 31.935 14.108 25.212 4.6 14.10861 +6.0 M 9.563 19.126 32.648 14.526 25.630 4.6 14.52662 +7.5 M 9.772 19.544 33.362 14.944 26.048 4.6 14.944

63 +9.0 M 9.9805 19.961 34.073 15.361 26.465 4.6 15.361

PIT MARKING DETAILS - DB TYPE

SL NO

FDN CLASSIFICATIO

N


SIZEM ( PIT

CENTER)

01 DRY +0 M 9.609 19.218 32.805 14.658 25.666 4.56 14.65802 +1.5 M 9.921 19.842 33.870 15.192 26.417 4.65 15.19203 +3.0 M 10.197 20.394 34.813 15.744 26.969 4.65 15.74404 +4.5 M 10.473 20.946 35.755 16.296 27.521 4.65 16.29605 +6.0 M 10.749 21.498 36.697 16.848 28.073 4.65 16.84806 +7.5 M 11.025 22.05 37.639 17.400 28.625 4.65 17.40007 +9.0 M 11.301 22.602 38.582 17.952 29.177 4.65 17.95209 WET +0 M 10.444 20.888 35.656 14.658 29.697 6.23 14.65810 +1.5 M 10.775 21.55 36.786 15.21 30.515 6.34 15.2111 +3.0 M 11.051 22.102 37.728 15.762 31.067 6.34 15.76212 +4.5 M 11.327 22.654 38.670 16.314 31.619 6.34 16.31413 +6.0 M 11.603 23.206 39.613 16.866 32.171 6.34 16.86614 +7.5 M 11.879 23.758 40.555 17.418 32.723 6.34 17.41815 +9.0 M 12.155 24.31 41.497 17.97 33.275 6.34 17.9717 PS +0 M 10.739 21.478 36.663 14.658 31.121 6.82 14.65818 +1.5 M 11.07 22.14 37.793 15.21 31.939 6.93 15.2119 +3.0 M 11.346 22.692 38.735 15.762 32.491 6.93 15.76220 +4.5 M 11.622 23.244 39.678 16.314 33.043 6.93 16.31421 +6.0 M 11.898 23.796 40.620 16.866 33.595 6.93 16.86622 +7.5 M 12.174 24.348 41.562 17.418 34.147 6.93 17.41823 +9.0 M 12.45 24.9 42.504 17.97 34.699 6.93 17.9725 FS +0 M 10.999 21.998 37.551 14.658 32.377 7.34 14.65826 +1.5 M 11.321 22.642 38.650 15.192 33.176 7.45 15.19227 +3.0 M 11.597 23.194 39.592 15.744 33.728 7.45 15.74428 +4.5 M 11.873 23.746 40.534 16.296 34.280 7.45 16.29629 +6.0 M 12.149 24.298 41.477 16.848 34.832 7.45 16.84830 +7.5 M 12.425 24.85 42.419 17.4 35.384 7.45 17.431 +9.0 M 12.701 25.402 43.361 17.952 35.936 7.45 17.95233 WBC +0 M 11.274 22.548 38.489 14.658 33.704 7.89 14.65834 +1.5 M 11.596 23.192 39.589 15.192 34.504 8.000 15.19235 +3.0 M 11.872 23.744 40.531 15.744 35.056 8.000 15.74436 +4.5 M 12.148 24.296 41.473 16.296 35.608 8.000 16.29637 +6.0 M 12.424 24.848 42.416 16.848 36.160 8.000 16.84838 +7.5 M 12.7 25.4 43.358 17.4 36.712 8.000 17.439 +9.0 M 12.976 25.952 44.300 17.952 37.264 8.000 17.95241 DFR +0 M 9.608 19.216 32.802 14.676 25.636 4.54 14.67642 +1.5 M 9.9435 19.887 33.947 15.247 26.448 4.64 15.247

43 +3.0 M10.219

5 20.439 34.889 15.799 27.000 4.64 15.799

44 +4.5 M10.495

5 20.991 35.832 16.351 27.552 4.64 16.351

45 +6.0 M10.771

5 21.543 36.774 16.903 28.104 4.64 16.903

46 +7.5 M11.047

5 22.095 37.716 17.455 28.656 4.64 17.455

47 +9.0 M11.323

5 22.647 38.658 18.007 29.208 4.64 18.00749 WFR +0 M 10.189 20.378 34.785 14.658 28.466 5.72 14.65850 +1.5 M 10.52 21.04 35.915 15.21 29.284 5.83 15.2151 +3.0 M 10.796 21.592 36.858 15.762 29.836 5.83 15.76252 +4.5 M 11.072 22.144 37.800 16.314 30.388 5.83 16.31453 +6.0 M 11.348 22.696 38.742 16.866 30.940 5.83 16.86654 +7.5 M 11.624 23.248 39.684 17.418 31.492 5.83 17.41855 +9.0 M 11.9 23.8 40.627 17.97 32.044 5.83 17.9757 SFR +0 M 10.649 21.298 36.356 14.658 30.687 6.64 14.65858 +1.5 M 10.971 21.942 37.455 15.192 31.487 6.75 15.19259 +3.0 M 11.247 22.494 38.397 15.744 32.039 6.75 15.744

60 +4.5 M 11.523 23.046 39.340 16.296 32.591 6.75 16.29661 +6.0 M 11.799 23.598 40.282 16.848 33.143 6.75 16.84862 +7.5 M 12.075 24.15 41.224 17.4 33.695 6.75 17.463 +9.0 M 12.351 24.702 42.166 17.952 34.247 6.75 17.952

PIT MARKING DETAILS - DC TYPE

SL NO

FDN CLASSIFICATIO

N


SIZEM ( PIT

CENTER)

01 DRY +0 M 10.142 20.284 34.625 15.004 27.750 5.28 15.004

02 +1.5 M10.512

5 21.025 35.890 15.575 28.731 5.45 15.57503 +3.0 M 10.789 21.578 36.834 16.128 29.284 5.45 16.128

04 +4.5 M11.065

5 22.131 37.778 16.681 29.837 5.45 16.681

05 +6.0 M11.342

5 22.685 38.723 17.235 30.391 5.45 17.23506 +7.5 M 11.619 23.238 39.667 17.788 30.944 5.45 17.788

07 +9.0 M11.895

5 23.791 40.611 18.341 31.497 5.45 18.34109 WET +0 M 11.017 22.034 37.612 15.004 31.974 7.03 15.004

10 +1.5 M11.397

5 22.795 38.911 15.575 33.004 7.22 15.57511 +3.0 M 11.674 23.348 39.855 16.128 33.557 7.22 16.128

12 +4.5 M11.950

5 23.901 40.799 16.681 34.110 7.22 16.681

13 +6.0 M12.227

5 24.455 41.745 17.235 34.664 7.22 17.23514 +7.5 M 12.504 25.008 42.689 17.788 35.217 7.22 17.788

15 +9.0 M12.780

5 25.561 43.633 18.341 35.770 7.22 18.34117 PS +0 M 11.327 22.654 38.670 15.004 33.471 7.65 15.004

18 +1.5 M11.712

5 23.425 39.986 15.575 34.525 7.85 15.57519 +3.0 M 11.989 23.978 40.930 16.128 35.078 7.85 16.128

20 +4.5 M12.265

5 24.531 41.874 16.681 35.631 7.85 16.681

21 +6.0 M12.542

5 25.085 42.820 17.235 36.185 7.85 17.23522 +7.5 M 12.819 25.638 43.764 17.788 36.738 7.85 17.788

23 +9.0 M13.095

5 26.191 44.708 18.341 37.291 7.85 18.34125 FS +0 M 11.607 23.214 39.626 15.004 34.823 8.21 15.004

26 +1.5 M12.002

5 24.005 40.977 15.575 35.925 8.43 15.57527 +3.0 M 12.279 24.558 41.921 16.128 36.478 8.43 16.128

28 +4.5 M12.555

5 25.111 42.864 16.681 37.031 8.43 16.681

29 +6.0 M12.832

5 25.665 43.810 17.235 37.585 8.43 17.23530 +7.5 M 13.109 26.218 44.754 17.788 38.138 8.43 17.788

31 +9.0 M13.385

5 26.771 45.698 18.341 38.691 8.43 18.34133 WBC +0 M 11.872 23.744 40.531 15.004 36.102 8.74 15.004

34 +1.5 M12.272

5 24.545 41.898 15.575 37.229 8.97 15.57535 +3.0 M 12.549 25.098 42.842 16.128 37.782 8.97 16.128

36 +4.5 M12.825

5 25.651 43.786 16.681 38.335 8.97 16.681

37 +6.0 M13.102

5 26.205 44.732 17.235 38.889 8.97 17.23538 +7.5 M 13.379 26.758 45.676 17.788 39.442 8.97 17.788

39 +9.0 M13.655

5 27.311 46.620 18.341 39.995 8.97 18.34141 DFR +0 M 10.117 20.234 34.539 15.004 27.629 5.23 15.004

42 +1.5 M10.492

5 20.985 35.821 15.575 28.635 5.41 15.575

43 +3.0 M 10.769 21.538 36.765 16.128 29.188 5.41 16.128

44 +4.5 M11.045

5 22.091 37.709 16.681 29.741 5.41 16.681

45 +6.0 M11.322

5 22.645 38.655 17.235 30.295 5.41 17.23546 +7.5 M 11.599 23.198 39.599 17.788 30.848 5.41 17.788

47 +9.0 M11.875

5 23.751 40.543 18.341 31.401 5.41 18.34149 WFR +0 M 10.757 21.514 36.724 15.004 30.719 6.51 15.004

50 +1.5 M11.137

5 22.275 38.023 15.575 31.749 6.7 15.57551 +3.0 M 11.414 22.828 38.967 16.128 32.302 6.7 16.128

52 +4.5 M11.690

5 23.381 39.911 16.681 32.855 6.7 16.681

53 +6.0 M11.967

5 23.935 40.857 17.235 33.409 6.7 17.23554 +7.5 M 12.244 24.488 41.801 17.788 33.962 6.7 17.788

55 +9.0 M12.520

5 25.041 42.745 18.341 34.515 6.7 18.34157 SFR +0 M 11.257 22.514 38.431 15.004 33.133 7.51 15.004

58 +1.5 M11.652

5 23.305 39.782 15.575 34.235 7.73 15.57559 +3.0 M 11.929 23.858 40.726 16.128 34.788 7.73 16.128

60 +4.5 M12.205

5 24.411 41.670 16.681 35.341 7.73 16.681

61 +6.0 M12.482

5 24.965 42.615 17.235 35.895 7.73 17.23562 +7.5 M 12.759 25.518 43.559 17.788 36.448 7.73 17.788

63 +9.0 M13.035

5 26.071 44.503 18.341 37.001 7.73 18.341

PIT MARKING DETAILS - DD TYPE

SL NO

FDN CLASSIFICATIO

N


SIZEM ( PIT

CENTER)

01 DRY +0 M12.039

5 24.079 41.103 18.259 32.308 5.82 18.259

02 +1.5 M12.442

5 24.885 42.479 18.965 33.256 5.92 18.965

03 +3.0 M12.795

5 25.591 43.684 19.671 33.962 5.92 19.671

04 +4.5 M13.148

5 26.297 44.889 20.377 34.668 5.92 20.377

05 +6.0 M13.501

5 27.003 46.094 21.083 35.374 5.92 21.083

06 +7.5 M13.854

5 27.709 47.299 21.789 36.080 5.92 21.789

07 +9.0 M14.207

5 28.415 48.504 22.495 36.786 5.92 22.49509 WET +0 M 12.983 25.966 44.324 18.306 36.797 7.66 18.30610 +1.5 M 13.379 26.758 45.676 18.988 37.745 7.77 18.98811 +3.0 M 13.732 27.464 46.881 19.694 38.451 7.77 19.69412 +4.5 M 14.085 28.17 48.086 20.400 39.157 7.77 20.40013 +6.0 M 14.438 28.876 49.291 21.106 39.863 7.77 21.10614 +7.5 M 14.791 29.582 50.496 21.812 40.569 7.77 21.81215 +9.0 M 15.144 30.288 51.702 22.518 41.275 7.77 22.51817 PS +0 M 13.308 26.616 45.434 18.306 38.366 8.31 18.30618 +1.5 M 13.721 27.442 46.843 19.012 39.362 8.43 19.01219 +3.0 M 14.074 28.148 48.049 19.718 40.068 8.43 19.71820 +4.5 M 14.427 28.854 49.254 20.424 40.774 8.43 20.42421 +6.0 M 14.78 29.56 50.459 21.130 41.480 8.43 21.13022 +7.5 M 15.133 30.266 51.664 21.836 42.186 8.43 21.83623 +9.0 M 15.486 30.972 52.869 22.542 42.892 8.43 22.54225 FS +0 M 13.591 27.182 46.400 18.282 39.767 8.9 18.28226 +1.5 M 13.999 27.998 47.793 18.968 40.766 9.03 18.96827 +3.0 M 14.362 28.724 49.032 19.694 41.492 9.03 19.69428 +4.5 M 14.715 29.43 50.237 20.4 42.198 9.03 20.400

29 +6.0 M 15.068 30.136 51.442 21.106 42.904 9.03 21.10630 +7.5 M 15.421 30.842 52.647 21.812 43.610 9.03 21.81231 +9.0 M 15.774 31.548 53.852 22.518 44.316 9.03 22.51833 WBC +0 M 13.861 27.722 47.321 18.282 41.070 9.44 18.282

34 +1.5 M14.257

5 28.515 48.675 18.965 42.019 9.55 18.965

35 +3.0 M14.610

5 29.221 49.880 19.671 42.725 9.55 19.671

36 +4.5 M14.963

5 29.927 51.085 20.377 43.431 9.55 20.377

37 +6.0 M15.316

5 30.633 52.291 21.083 44.137 9.55 21.083

38 +7.5 M15.669

5 31.339 53.496 21.789 44.843 9.55 21.789

39 +9.0 M16.022

5 32.045 54.701 22.495 45.549 9.55 22.49541 DFR +0 M 12.036 24.072 41.091 18.282 32.259 5.79 18.28242 +1.5 M 12.439 24.878 42.467 18.988 33.206 5.89 18.98843 +3.0 M 12.792 25.584 43.672 19.694 33.912 5.89 19.69444 +4.5 M 13.145 26.29 44.877 20.4 34.618 5.89 20.40045 +6.0 M 13.498 26.996 46.082 21.106 35.324 5.89 21.10646 +7.5 M 13.851 27.702 47.287 21.812 36.030 5.89 21.81247 +9.0 M 14.204 28.408 48.492 22.518 36.736 5.89 22.51849 WFR +0 M 12.728 25.456 43.453 18.306 35.566 7.15 18.30650 +1.5 M 13.136 26.272 44.846 19.012 36.538 7.26 19.01251 +3.0 M 13.489 26.978 46.051 19.718 37.244 7.26 19.71852 +4.5 M 13.842 27.684 47.257 20.424 37.950 7.26 20.42453 +6.0 M 14.195 28.39 48.462 21.13 38.656 7.26 21.13054 +7.5 M 14.548 29.096 49.667 21.836 39.362 7.26 21.83655 +9.0 M 14.901 29.802 50.872 22.542 40.068 7.26 22.54257 SFR +0 M 13.241 26.482 45.205 18.282 38.077 8.20 18.28258 +1.5 M 13.659 27.318 46.632 18.988 39.097 8.33 18.98859 +3.0 M 14.012 28.024 47.837 19.694 39.803 8.33 19.69460 +4.5 M 14.365 28.73 49.042 20.4 40.509 8.33 20.461 +6.0 M 14.718 29.436 50.247 21.106 41.215 8.33 21.10662 +7.5 M 15.071 30.142 51.452 21.812 41.921 8.33 21.81263 +9.0 M 15.424 30.848 52.658 22.518 42.627 8.33 22.518

2.3 Excavation:According to the pit marking, the soil is excavated depending upon the type of the tower. All the four footings of the tower and their extension shall be similar. The total depth of the foundation except hard rock type, below the ground level shall not be more than 3.5 meters. Excavation work in a section must not be started until the tower schedule and profile of that section has been approved by POWERGRID.

2.4 Concreting:Plain cement concrete/reinforced cement concrete footing shall be used for all type of normal towers. The reinforcement cement concrete (RCC) used for the foundations shall be nominal mix concrete of grade M-20 having 1:1.5:3 nominal mix ratio with 20mm coarse aggregate for chimney portion and 40mm aggregates for slab portion. The Portland cement used in concrete shall confirm to 33grade or 43 grade or 53 grade.Concrete aggregates shall confirm to IS: 383.

The water used for mixing concrete shall be fresh, clean and free from oil, acids & alkalis, organic materials and other deleterious substances. Reinforcement shall confirm to IS: 432 for MS bars

Setting of stubsThe stubs shall be set correctly and precisely in accordance with approved method at the exact location, alignment and levels with the help of stub setting templates and levelling instruments. Stub templates shall be of adjustable type and painted.Main thing in Stub setting is Diagonal & Back to back measurement of Template. Diagonal & Back to back distance of different tower with extension is mentioned below: [Detail of 400KV double ckt. Quad Conductor Wardha- Parli Tr. Line]

SL NO

TYPE OF TOWER

DIMENSION IN (MM)

NORMAL +1.5 M +3 M +4.5 M +6.0 M +7.5 M +9.0 M

TEPLATE HEIGHT IN MTR

01 DADIAGONAL 16388.6 16979.3 17570.1 18160.8 18751.5 19342.2 19932.9

0.825BACK TO BACK 11588.5 12006.2 12423.9 12841.6 13259.3 13677 14094.7

02 DBDIAGONAL 18189.09

18959.75

19750.41

20531.06

21311.72

22092.37

22873.03

1.150

BACK TO BACK 13716.03

14268.03

14820.04

15372.05

15924.06

16476.07

17628.07

03 DCDIAGONAL 18967.2 19749.3 20531.4 21313.5 22095.6 22877.8 23659.9

1.125BACK TO BACK 13411.9 13964.9 14517.9 15071 15624 16177.1 16730.1

03 DDDIAGONAL 22803.7 23802.1 24800.4 25798.8 26797.1 27795.5 28793.8

1.06BACK TO BACK 16124.69 16830.6

317536.5

718242.5

418948.4

819654.4

220360.3

6

Mixing, placing and compacting of concreteThe concrete shall be mixed in the mechanical mixer. Mixing shall be continued until there is uniform distribution of material and mix is uniform in color and consistency. To avoid the possibility of reinforcement rods being exposed due to unevenness of the bottom of the excavated pit, a pad of lean concrete 50mm thick and corresponding to a 1:3:6 nominal mix shall be provided at the bottom of the pad. Form boxes shall be used for casting of all types of foundations

A mechanical vibrator shall be employed for compacting the concrete. After concreting the chimney portion to the required height, the top surface should be finished smooth with a slight slope towards the outer edge for draining rain water.

2.5 Curing:The concrete shall be cured by maintaining the concrete wet

for a period of at least 14 days after placing. Once the concrete has set for 24 hours, the pit may be back filled.

2.6 Back filling and removal of stub templates:Back filling shall normally be done with the excavated soil, unless it is a clay type or it consists of large boulders or stones, in which the boulders shall be broken to a maximum size of 80mm.The backfilling, shall be carried to an elevation of about 75mm above the finished level to drain out water. After the pits have been backfilled to full depth, the stub template can be removed.

2.7 Foundation check list:

Alignment of Centre peg & line peg and Distance with respect to previous & next location.

Check for height of the excavated pit and pit size, undercutting if any, as per approved drawing.

All parts of the template should fix properly & fully tightened. Template alignment w.r.t. line peg and centre peg. In case of angle tower, template setting on Bisection, and

Checking of Angle of Deviation. Template Diagonal, Back to back, and template height

measurement, water level, should be checked. Stub cleat & support cleat are as per approved drawing and

fitted water tight. Distance of lowest part of stub w.r.t. base of pit, min. 15 cm. Reinforcement should be equal to the approved drawing. Earth strip should be fixed in A leg. In case of Sub-soil water, proper De-watering arrangement is

available at site. Sufficient Quantity & Quality of Cement, Coarse aggregate,

Fine aggregate, Water available at site. During Concreting, mixing ratio and quality of concrete mix

must be checked. Checking of Template Diagonal & Level at regular Intervals. Mechanical Vibrator & Pocking Rod must be used for proper

compaction of concrete. Form boxes should of proper size & should be removed after

24 hours of concreting. Removal of form boxes after 24 hour of concreting. Proper & sufficient Curing of concreting. At least up to 14 days

after concreting. Proper Backfilling & preparing sufficient size platform around

each Chimney. Template is removed after complete back filling. Removal of excessive material & soil from the site.

2.8 Safety:

Safety should be given due preference in all the activities of the transmission line construction. The following are the points to be remembered during the foundation work for ensuring safety.(a) Excavated soil should be kept 2m away from the pit edges.(b) Mixer machine should be kept at safe distance from the pit and

well tightened.(c) Persons working inside the pit should wear safety helmets, hand

gloves and gumboots.(d) Strong Ladder of proper length should be used in the pit.(e) First aid box should be available at the site.(f) Jacks for template support should be placed at safe distance.

Tower erection

Tower erection can be started after 14 days of foundation date but it is preferred to start erection after 28 days from the foundation date.(suspension-A/DA, tension-B/DB,C/DC, and D/DD). Towers are segregated transported to site and shorted out. Notch cutting and bending are to be checked properly before starting erection minor defects in hot dip galvanized members shall be repaired by applying at least two coats of zinc rich primer (90% zinc concentration)

During erection ensure the following points

1. Use Tommy bars (less than 450mm length, for positioning the holes but never strain the members for bringing into position. Before starting upper section, the lower section shall be completely braced and all bolts/nuts provided as per drawing and tightened adequately.

2. all plane diagonals for relevant section of the tower shall be placed before starting upper section.

3. the bolts position in towers such that heads are outside and nut inside. All the blank holes shall be fitted up by bolts/nuts.

4. tower shall be fitted with all tower accessories.

5. all nuts shall be tightened properly using correct size of spanners and fittings washers/plates etc. in the gaps with the proper size bolts. The tightening shall be progressively be carried out from the top to downwards and care being taken that all bolts at every level are tightened simultaneously.

6. the threads of bolts projecting outside the nuts shall be punched at their position and tack welded at two diametrically opposite places(10 mm each) to avoid theft of tower members, after tack welding zinc rich paint (90% zinc content) shall be applied to the welded portion.

Types of towers:

A. Classification according to number of circuits:

The majority of high voltage double circuit transmission lines employ a vertical or nearly vertical configuration of conductors and single circuit transmission lines a triangular arrangement of conductor, single circuit lines, particularly at 400 KV and above. Generally employ horizontal arrangement of conductors. The number of ground wires used on the line depends upon the isoceraunic level (number of thunderstorm days/ hours per year) of the area, Importance of line, and the angle of coverage desired.Single circuit lines using horizontal configuration generally employ two ground wires due to the comparative width of the configuration; whereas lines using vertical and offset arrangements more often utilize one ground wire except on higher voltage lines of 400 KV and above, where it is usually found advantageous to string two ground wires, as the phase to phase spacing of conductors would require an excessively high positioning of ground wire to give adequate coverage.

B. Types of tower according to the structure:

1. vertical/Barrel type towers:

1 G. W. cross arm2 Cross arm3 Cage4 Waist level5 Bracing6 Tower body7 Leg extension.8 G.L.9 Stubs

2. Horizontal/ wasp waist type tower:

1 Boom2 Peaks3 Waist level4 Tower body5 Bracing6 Concrete level7 Stubs8 Ground level

C. Classification according to use:

Towers are classified according to their use independent of the number of conductors they support. A tower has to withstand the loading ranging from straight runs up to varying angles and dead ends. To simplify the design and ensure an overall economy in first cost and maintenance, tower designs are generally confined to a few standards types as follows. A) Tangent suspension tower-

Suspension tower are used primarily on tangents but often are designed to withstand angles in the line up to two degrees or higher in addition to the wind, ice, and broken conductor loads. If the transmission line traverses relatively flat, featureless terrain, 90 percent of the line may be composed of this type of tower. Thus the design of tangent tower provides the greatest opportunity for the structural engineer to minimize the total weight of steel required.

B) Angel towers-

Angel towers, sometimes called semi-anchor towers, are used where the lines makes a horizontal angle greater than two degrees. As they must resist a transverse load from the components of the line tension induced by this angle, in addition to the usual wind, ice and broken conductor loads, they are necessarily heavier than suspension towers. Unless restricted by site conditions, or influenced by conductor tensions, angle tower should be located so that the axis of the cross arm bisects the angle formed by the conductors. Theoretically different line angles require different towers, but for economy there is a limiting number of different towers which should be used. This number is a function of all the factors which make the total erected cost of the tower line. However experience has shown that the following angle towers are generally suitable for most of the lines:

B type (light angel) - 2 to 15 degrees line deviation.

C type (Medium Angle) - 15 to 30 degrees line deviation

D type(Heavy Angle/ Dead End)- 30 to 60 degrees line deviation (heavy angel and dead end)

While the angles of the line deviation are for the span, the span may be increased up to an optimum limit by reducing the angle of line deviation and vice versa. IS: 802 (Part I) - 1977 also recommends the above classification. The loading on a tower in the case of a angle condition and dead end condition are almost the same. As the number of locations at which 60 degree angle tower and dead end towers are required are comparatively few. It is economical to design the heavy angle towers both for the 60 degree angle condition and dead end condition, whichever is more stringent for each individual structural member. For each type of tower, the upper limit of the angle range is designed for the same basic span as the tangent tower. So that a decreased angle can be accommodated with an increased span or vice versa. It would be uneconomical to use 30 degree angle towers in location where angles higher than 2 degree and smaller than 30 degree are encountered. There are limitations to the use of 2 degree angle tower at higher angles with reduced spans and the use of 30 degree angle tower with smaller angles and increased spans. The introduction of a 15 degree tower would bring about sizable economics.

Pilot suspension insulator string -This shall be used if found necessary to restrict the jumper swings to design value at both middle and outer phases.

Unequal cross arm- Another method to get over the difficulty of higher swing of jumper is to have unequal cross arms.

400KV SINGLE CIRCUIT TOWERS:

The bundled conductors are kept in horizontal configuration with the minimum clearance of 11 mtrs. the latticed parts are fully galvanized. Galvanized hexagonal round head bolts and nuts are used for fastening with necessary spring or plate washers. Normally types of single circuit towers are used as detailed below:

a) A- Type Towers ( Suspension Tower) : These towers are used as tangent towers for straight run of the transmission line. These are called suspension or tangent tower. These towers can carry only vertical loads and are designed for carrying the weight of the conductor,

insulator and other accessories. These towers are also designed for a deviation up to 2 degree.

b) B – Type Tower ( Small Angle Tower) : These towers can be used as sectionalizing towers without angle and angle towers from degree up to 15 degree deviation.

c) C-Type Tower ( Medium Angle Tower) : These towers can be used for deviations ranging from 15 degrees up to 30 degree. They are also being used as transposition towers without any angle.

d) D-Type Tower ( Heavy Angle Tower) : These towers can be used as Dead end or Anchor Towers without any angle on the towers. Also these towers can be used for deviations ranging from 30 degree to 60 degree.These towers are normally provided as terminal towers near gantry with slack span on one side or as anchoring tower before major river crossing, Power line crossing, Railway crossing etc.

400 KV DOUBLE CIRCUIT TOWERS :

These towers are designed to carry two circuits consist of 3 phases each, having bundled conductors. Here, the circuits are placed in a vertical configuration. A minimum phase to phase clearance of 8 mtrs is maintained. A minimum clearance of 11 mtrs is maintained from one circuit to another. Two earth wires are placed above each circuit in such a way to provide the required shielding angle. Like single circuit towers, these towers are also galvanized, lattice steel type structures designed to carry the tension and weight of the conductor along with the insulators, earth wire and its accessories. Normally these towers are identified as P ( D/C suspension towers),Q,R, and S ( D/C tension towers) or as DA, DB, DC, and DD respectively. As in the single circuit towers, DA/P towers are used as suspension tower used for 0 to 2 degree deviation, DB/Q, DC/R and DD/S towers are used as tension towers with angle of deviation from 2 to 15 degree, 15 to 30 degree, and 30 to 60 degrees respectively. DB type towers are also used as sectionalized towers without angle. DC towers are also used as Transposition Tower without any angle. The double circuit towers are use while crossing reserved forest, major river crossing, narrow corridors near switch yards etc. so as to make provision for future transmission lines since the approval from various authorities can be obtained at one time ( for example, from forest, aviation authorities etc.) and to minimize expenditure in lying foundations in rivers.

River crossing tower- The height and weight of towers vary considerably depending on the span, minimum clearance above water, ice and wind loads. Numbers of unbroken conductors etc, usually the governing specification requires that towers employed for crossing of navigable water ways be designed for heavy loading conditions and utilize larger minimum size members than the remainder of the line. in addition to these structural requirements it is often necessary to limit the height of tall crossing towers because of the hazard they present to aircraft.

Railway crossing tower- Angel or dead end towers (type B, C and D) with suitable extensions and with double tensions insulator strings are employed for railway crossing in conformity with the relevant specification of railway authorities.

High way crossing towers- Angel towers with suitable extension and with double tension strings are employed for high way crossing angle towers are used for high way crossing angle towers are used for national high way crossing to make the crossing span as a section so as to facilitate independent and prompt stringing.

Transposition tower- Power transmission lines are transposed primarily to eliminate or reduce disturbances in the neighboring communication circuits produced by the geometric imbalance of power lines. An incidental effect of transposing power line section is the geometric balancing of such circuits between terminals which assumes balanced conditions at every point of the power transmission system. Improvements and developments in both the communications and power fields have, however, greatly reduced the need for transposition of high voltage lines at close telecommunication system has ruled that “the power supply authorities need not provide transposition on power lines for coordination with telecommunication lines”. However, when transposition is eliminated, there are the effect of geometric imbalance of the conductor arrangements on the power system itself, and the residual current to be considered. The imbalance of the three phase voltages due to asymmetry of conductor arrangement is not considered serious in view of the equalizing effect of the three phase transformer bank and synchronous machinery at various points on the system. The remaining consideration viz. residual currents due to the elimination

of transposition might be important from the point of view of relay settings to prevent causing undesirable tripping of ground current relays. Operating experience has shown that many disturbances on high voltage line occur of transposition towers and statistical records indicate that at least one of the four outages is physically associated with a transposition. A good practice would be to adopt about 200KM as the permissible length of the line without taking recourse to special transposition structures, transposition being confined to substation and switching station only provides they are located at suitable intervals. Tower type C under 0 degree deviation limit and with suitable modification shall be used for transposition for line maintaining all the required clearances and shielding.

Multi circuit towers- To transmit bulk power at a economical rate, Multi circuit towers are used. It may be mentioned here that a double circuit line is cheaper than two independent single circuit lines and four circuit line cheaper than two independent single circuit lines, and four circuit line cheaper than two double circuit lines. However, the capital lay out involved become heavy and it is not easy to visualize the manner in which the loads build up and the power flow takes place in the long-term prospective. Further, reliability considerations become very important at extra voltages. A balance has therefore to be struck between the two somewhat opposing consideration.

Tower extensions:All towers are designed in such a way that they can be provided with standard tower extensions are designed as +3, +6,+9 and +25 in mtrs. these extension can be used along with standard towers to provide sufficient clearance over ground or while crossing power lines, Railway lines, Highways, undulated, uneven ground etc.

Stringing

Insulator hoisting:Suspension insulators string shall be hoisted after tightening

and punching of tower. Insulators shall be properly cleaned before installation and IR value should be taken.

Handling of conductor:

There should be no any damage to the tower or conductors during stringing. While running out the conductors, care should be taken that conductors do not touch or rub against the ground or objects, which could causes scratches/damages to the strands. Running blocks are provided at all suspension tower and ground rollers at ground.

The sequence of running out shall be from top to downward i.e. earth wire to be run out first.

Care shall be taken that all sub conductors of bundle are from the same batch of conductor so that creep behaviors of sub conductor remain identical.

Adequate safety precautions are to be taking in case of power line crossing/parallelism. Proper shut down and PTW have to be arranged and proper earthing at site before starting stringing.

Towers not designed for one side stringing shall be well guyed and all safe steps to be taken to avoid damage.

Adequate safety precautions to be taken for personnel protection.

Derricks or other equivalent methods ensuring that normal services need not be interrupted nor damage damage cause to property shall be used during stringing operations where roads, channels, P & T lines, Power lines, Railway lines have to be crossed.

Contractor shall be entirely responsible for damage to any tower, conductor, earth wire, and accessories during stringing/ proper handling at side.

Stringing of conductor and earth wire:The stringing of conductor shall be done by standard stringing

method according to the approved stringing sag tension chart. Conductors creep to be compensated by over tensioning.

Repairs of conductor shall be carried out with repair sleeve in case of minor damage; scuff marks etc, each part of joint shall be cleaned and be properly greased with anticorrosive compound. All joints (compression type) will be made at least 30 mtrs away from the towers. No joints shall be allowed in the spans crossing over NH, Railway crossing, River crossing and main power line crossing. Not more than one joint per sub conductor per span shall be permitted. Suitable protector for mid span joint to be used to avoid any damage to joints while passing over rollers. Conductor shall not be hanging in stringing blocks more than 96 hours.

Sagging in operation: Tensioning/ sagging shall be done in according to the

approved stringing chart (initial stringing chart for conductor and final stringing chart for earth wire ) conductor shall be pulled up to the desired sag and left in position for at least one hour after which the sag shall be rechecked and adjusted. Sag will be

checked in first and last span of section of 8 spans and for more spans at one intermediate span also.

Dynamometer is used for measuring tension and sag board is also fixed at required sag as per sag tension chart.

Clipping of conductor shall be done in accordance with the recommendation of the manufacturer within 36 hours of sagging. Armor rods will be provided at suspension clamps.

All accessories shall be installed as per the design requirement within 24 hours of clamping.

Replacement: If any replacements are to be effected after stringing and

tensioning or during maintenance, leg members and main bracings shall not be removed without reducing the tension on the tower with proper guying or releasing the conductors. If the replacement of cross arms become necessary after stringing, the conductor shall be suitable tied to the tower at tension points of transferred to suitable roller pulleys at suspension points.

No. of insulators to be installed- 1 disc/ 11 kV, 14/15 discs-22 kV, 23 discs-400 kV, 45 discs-

765 kV.

TRANSPOSITION OF LINE : Normally three Transposition towers are provided at 1/3 rd

distance. When a Power line and a telecom line run parallel to each other, voltages may be induced in the two lines due to conductive and inductive coupling between two lines, which may affect the communication circuits as danger to insulation, danger to person and acoustic shocks. Method of reducing interference is the transposition, which nullify the inductive and capacitive coupling. Corona ring:

Equal voltage distribution across the string to give 100% string efficiency.

String efficiency: Flashover voltage of string of n units/ n times flashover

voltage of one unit. Arcing horn:

To bypass the spike voltages directly without coming through insulator string.

Ground wire: Protection of line from lightening and the resulted high

voltage surges. Final checking:

All works to be inspected thoroughly keeping in view the following. Proper back filling, no extra burden, no damage to foundation.

All tower members are fitted correctly according to the drawing.

All bolts are of proper size, properly tightened and tack welded.

All conductor and earth wire accessories properly installed. All tower accessories have been installed. All tower have been properly grounded. Proper clearances are available with conductors. All required drawings in original and additional copies have

been submitted for records. The insulation of the line as a whole is to be tested (line

meggering) The line is finally tested satisfactorily for commissioning

purpose.

COMPENSATION

Ministry Of Power India, through Gazette notification dated 24.12.2003 issued under section 164 of the Electricity Act- 2003, is authorised to exercise all the Power of Telegraphic Act to Power Grid. As per Telegraphic Act 1885, Part- III, Section 10, POWERGRID has to power for

Power for telegraph authority to place and maintain telegraph lines and posts – The telegraph authority may, from time to time, place and maintain a telegraph line under, over, along, or across, and posts in or upon any immovable property:

Provided that –

a. the telegraph authority shall not exercise the powers conferred by this section except for the purposes of a telegraph established or maintained by the [Central Government], or to be so established or maintained;

b. the [Central Government] shall not acquire any right other than that of user only in the property under, over, along, across in or upon which the telegraph authority places any telegraph line or post; and

c. except as hereinafter provided, the telegraph authority shall not exercise those powers in respect of any property vested in or under the control or management of any local authority, without the permission of that authority; and

d. in the exercise of the powers conferred by this section, the telegraph authority shall do as little damage as possible, and, when it has exercised those powers in respect of any property other than that referred to in clause (c), shall pay full compensation to all persons interested for any damage sustained by them by reason of the exercise of those powers.

In the transmission line construction, the line route encounters with trees and agricultural lands which may not be avoided. As per above Telegraphic Act- 1885, & Indian Electricity Act- 2003 POWERGRID is not authorized for land acquisition for tower placing, So compensation is to be given to the owners of the trees and the crop as early as possible to carry on the construction work smoothly without any disturbances.

Compensation can be divided into two categories like tree compensation and crop compensation.

Tree compensation:

During stringing activity while constructing a transmission line and smooth operation of transmission line after commissioning, we required tree cutting. ROW of Transmission line depends upon voltage level of the line. For 400 kV D/C transmission line ROW is 46 meters. Trees are divided in two categories viz. Fruit bearing & Non fruit bearing trees.

In Detail Survey, Tree Enumeration Procedure is done. As per tree enumeration report, we have to submit case for tree evaluation and get permit for tree cutting. For Non Fruit bearing trees, permission is granted from Forest division, and for cutting Fruit bearing Trees, permission is granted from Agriculture Office. In Forest Area, permission is granted from only forest department.

For tree compensation, we issue notice to the tree owner and the notice is submitted to the revenue department then joint verification of the tree is done by the revenue department and POWERGRID. As soon as the verification is completed, we issue CCTC to the tree owner then, on the order of the district collector, tree cutting is done and the payment of compensation is released by POWERGRID.

Crop compensation:

For crop compensation, notice is issued to the owner of the crop before crop damages. Notice contains, Name and address of land owner, Crop details, Gut no. And address of land, Tehsil and district And CCTC is issued after work completion. CCTC shows the details and area of the damaged crop.

A list is prepared and sent to the revenue department (Tahsildar) for the valuation & verification of damage of crop. After getting valuation from revenue department list is send to finance department for the payment of compensation. We pay the compensation in form of Demand Draft.

The process of the crop compensation takes approx. 3-4 months to reach the compensation to the owner. But we try to minimize time of compensation process for smooth construction work without any disturbances.

FOREST CASES

As per Forest Conservation Act- 1980, section 2, there is a restriction on the use of forest land for non-forest purpose without prior approval of Govt. of India, MOEF. Here non- forest purpose means use of forest land for any other than re-aforestation. Rule-6 the Forest Conservation Rules-2003, prescribes the

procedure for submission of the proposal for seeking prior approval of the Central Govt. under Section 2 of the Act. The form appended to the Rules, specifies the particulars to be furnished with the proposal

All proposal to diversion of forest land up to 40 hectors area and proposals for clearing of naturally grown trees for reforestation shall be sent to the concerned Regional Office of the MOEF by the State/ UT Govt. or other authority. All other proposals shall be sent by State/ UT govt. or other authority to the Secretary to the Govt. of India. MOEF mentioning “Attention – FC Division” on the covering letter envelope. Moreover a copy of all these proposals irrespective of area should also be sent to concerned Regional Office of the MOEF>

For small development and public utility projects involving diversion of forestland up to 5 hectors, the state Govt. may authorised the Nodal Officer to submit the proposal to the Regional Office.

The project covered under notifications issued from time to time under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, shall require clearance separately from environmental angle, as per procedure laid down by the Environment Wing of the Ministry of Environment & Forests. To be applied simultaneously

General Conditions stiputed in Forestry Clearance:1. Legal status of forest land to remain unchanged.2. Compensatory afforestation as per guide lines.3. Transfer and mutation of non-forestland in favour of Forest

Dept. Notification of such land as RF/PF under the Indian Forest Act-1927

4. The forest land shall not be used for any other purpose than specified.

5. User agency to provide fuel wood to the labourers and the staff working at the site, so as to avoid any damage and preserve on adjacent forest area.

6. Rehabilitation of project affected families, if any7. Environment Clearance, if required8. Minimum trees to be falled.9. Plantation of dwarf species (preferably medical plants) in

ROW under the transmission line.

A. FLOWCHART FOR FOREST CLEARANCE CASES UPTO 5 HECTOR

B. FLOWCHART FOR FOREST CLEARANCE CASES >5 UPTO 40 HECTOR

Proposal submitted to Nodal Officer


MOP order under Sec 68(1) Electricity Act

2003


2003

Proposal Formulation by Divisional Forest Officer

(DFO)


(DFO)

Tree Enumeration / Forest Stretches


Cost Benefit AnalysisCost Benefit Analysis

Land Identification for Compensatory Afforestation

Land Identification for Compensatory AfforestationDFO’s Recommendation DFO’s Recommendation

YesYes NoNo

CF/CCF Recommendation CF/CCF Recommendation

YesYes NoNo

Nodal Officer’s Recommendation Nodal Officer’s

Recommendation

YesYes NoNo

PCCF’s Recommendation PCCF’s Recommendation

YesYes NoNo

Sec. Forest (State Govt.) Recommendation


YesYes NoNo

RMoEF’s Recommendation RMoEF’s Recommendation

YesYes NoNo

In Principal Approval Accorded In Principal Approval Accorded

Compliance of Condition by POWERGRIDCompliance of Condition by POWERGRID

Compliance report by State Govt. to RMoEFCompliance report by State Govt. to RMoEF

Final Approval by RMoEF Final Approval by RMoEF

]

C. FLOWCHART FOR FOREST CLEARANCE CASES MORE THAN 40 HECTOR








MOP order Under Sec 68(1) Electricity Act

2003

MOP order Under Sec 68(1) Electricity Act

2003


(DFO)


(DFO) DFO’s Recommendation

o

DFO’s Recommendation

o YesYes NONO


YesYes NONO


Recommendation

YesYes NoNo


NoNo



YesYes NoNo

RMoEF’s Recommendation RMoEF’s Recommendation

YesYes NoNo

In Principal Approval Accorded In Principal Approval Accorded


Compliance report by State Govt. to RMoEFCompliance report by State Govt. to RMoEF

Final Approval by RMoEF Final Approval by RMoEF

Minister Approval Minister Approval

CONCLUSION:

As an Diploma Trainee in power grid, transmission line construction work is one of

the most challenging jobs. There will be lot of travelling, lot of public dealing,






Proposal Submitted to Nodal Officer

Proposal Submitted to Nodal Officer


2003


2003


(DFO)


(DFO)DFO’s RecommendationDFO’s Recommendation

YesYes NoNo


YesYes NoNo


Recommendation

YesYes NoNo


YesYes NoNo



YesYes NoNo

FAC recommendation FAC recommendation

YesYes NoNo

In Principal Approval Accorded by MoEFIn Principal Approval Accorded by MoEF


Compliance report by State Govt. to MoEFCompliance report by State Govt. to MoEF

Final Approval by MoEF Final Approval by MoEF

Minister’s Approval Minister’s Approval

RMoEF Inspection (>100 Ha.)

RMoEF Inspection (>100 Ha.)

requires a lot of patience, will power, endurance and most important quick decisions

at the site. There will be occasions when we have to become harsh, even we have to

argue with the contractors regarding quality of work. Initially it seems that no

technical knowledge is required in line construction but as we get involved and get

deeper with the technical issues we realise that line construction needs require

technical knowledge about line design parameters, quality issues, methods of

foundation, erection and stringing and the various safety factors to be ensured while

construction .I personally feel that while in a line construction we have to be more

sound in Mechanical and Civil engineering aspects, but the construction experience

gives us a lot of field knowledge and the aspects which we cannot know until we go to

the construction site. I have learned a lot form this experience which will help me

serve Power Grid efficiently in future.

Documents

Project report