Project Owner - ch02120.files.wordpress.com · Page: 2 Emissions of Short-Lived Climate Forcers near and in the Arctic (Researcher project - NORRUSS) Application Number: ES517059

Page: 1Emissions of Short-Lived Climate Forcers near and in the Arctic (Researcher project -NORRUSS)

Application Number: ES517059 Project Number: 0

Applicant

Project Owner

Institution / company (Norwegianname)

NILU - STIFTELSEN NORSK INSTITUTT FOR LUFTFORSKNIN

Faculty

Institute

Department

Address Postboks 100

Postal code 2027

City KJELLER

Country Norge

E-mail [email protected]

Website www.nilu.no

Enterprise number 941705561

eAdministration

Project administratorFirst name Ole-Anders

Last name Braathen

Position/title Administrative director

Phone +47 638980


Confirmation ✔ The application has been approved by theProject Owner

Project managerFirst name Andreas



Last name Stohl

Institution / company (Norwegianname)

Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU)

Faculty

Institute

Department Department for Atmospheric and Climate Research

Address P.O. Box 100, Instituttveien 18

Postal code 2027

City Kjeller

Country Norway

Position/title Senior researcher

Academic degree Univ. Doz. Dr. Mag. rer. nat.

Preferred language Bokmål

Phone 63898035


Project info

Project titleProject title Emissions of Short-Lived Climate Forcers near and in the Arctic

Primary and secondary objectives of the project

Primary and secondary objectives

SLICFONIA's scientific objectives are to:+ estimate current emissions of BC and CH4 from biomass burning andanthropogenic sources in high-latitude Eastern Europe and Siberia.+ in particular, quantify current emissions of black carbon (BC) and methane(CH4) from the exploitation of oil and natural gas in the Arctic, specifically inthe Norwegian and Barents Seas.+ produce spatially resolved emission estimates of CH4 for the EurasianArctic from wetlands, fossil fuel including natural gas production, andbiomass burning.+ evaluate the impact of near-Arctic and within-Arctic BC emissions on ArcticBC loadings.+ determine the biomass burning emission factors for BC and CH4 fromatmospheric measurements and use these to estimate emissions of BC andCH4 from wildfires.



SLICFONIA's strategic goals are to:+ strengthen collaboration between Norwegian and Russian scientists inSLCF and Arctic research.+ support and work with the two AMAP expert groups on SLCFs andcontribute to PEEX

Project summary

Project summary

SLICFONIA addresses three of six priority areas of the call "Russia and theHigh North/Arctic": 1) Environmental monitoring ... in the Barents Sea region;2) Improving understanding and modelling of permafrost and its impact onclimate; 3) The dynamics and drivers of climatically relevant gases.

The short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) black carbon (BC) and methane(CH4), are particularly im-portant at high latitudes. BC absorbs solar radiationin the atmosphere, especially over highly reflective surfaces, and when it isdeposited on snow/ice. CH4 emissions from wetlands and permafrost andbiomass burning emissions of BC and CH4 are susceptible to high-latitudeclimate change. Lastly, emissions of BC and CH4 from the expanding oiland gas industry in northern regions are becoming increasingly important.To establish a baseline before even larger changes occur, SLICFONIA willdetermine the current emissions of BC and CH4 in Arctic Eurasia and, inparticular, it will quantify gas flaring emissions from the oil and gas industry.The project will perform new measurements of BC in the atmosphere on thenorthwest coast of the White Sea, as well as measurements of BC in theatmosphere and in the snow during land expeditions in the northern part ofEuropean Russia and during ship cruises in the White, Kara, and BarentsSeas. It will use BC and CH4 data (including CH4 isotopic information)from stations on Svalbard, in Norway, Siberia and from other Arctic andhigh-latitude sites as well as from aircraft campaigns in Siberia. Optimal useof these data for quantifying high-latitude BC and CH4 emissions will bemade through rigorous comparisons with a new emission data set coupled toa transport model and a Bayesian inversion approach. Their impact on ArcticBC and CH4 burdens will be determined.

Funding scheme

Supplementary info from applicantProgramme / activity NORRUSS

Application type Researcher project

Topics PETROPOLNO

KLIMAFORSK



Other relevant programmes/activities/projects

Discipline(s) Atmospheric sciences, environmental sciences, climate sciences

If applying for additional funding,specify project number

Have any related applications beensubmitted to the Research Counciland/or any other public fundingscheme

No

If yes, please provide furtherinformation

Progress plan

Project periodFrom date 20140101

To date 20161231

Main activities and milestones in the project period (year and quarter)Milestones throughout the project From To

Collection of BC and CH4 measurement data 2014 1 2015 1

FLEXPART wet scavenging sensitivity study 2014 1 2014 4

Kick-off meeting and strategic planning 2014 1 2014 1

Analysis of wildfires using MODIS MCD45 data 2014 2 2015 1

SIO/OIAP BC campaigns 2014 2 2014 3

FLEXPART backward runs 2014 4 2015 2

Analysis of methane isotope data 2015 1 2015 4

FLEXPART sensitivity study on emissions 2015 1 2015 2

Establishment of wildfire emission inventory 2015 2 2015 4


Third annual meeting 2015 2 2015 2



Comparison CH4 emission sources in Arctic 2015 3 2015 3

Inverse modelling for BC 2015 3 2016 2

Inverse modelling for CH4 2015 4 2016 2

Analysis: interannual CH4 emission variabilit 2016 2 2016 3

Quantification of oil industry emissions 2016 2 2016 3


Concluding meeting 2016 4 2016 4

Report and scientific paper writing 2016 4 2016 4

Dissemination of project results

Dissemination plan

Results from SLICFONIA will mainly be published in peer-reviewed journals.In addition, results will be presented at international science conferences,e.g. EGU, AGU to a wide audience.

SLICFONIA will communicate the project results to the Arctic Monitoring andAssessment Programme (AMAP). A. Stohl is co-chair of one AMAP expertgroup, and V. Shevchenko is a member of that group; close links also exist toother AMAP expert groups. We are optimistic that via AMAP project resultswill guide environmental and climate policy in Arctic Council countries.

SLICFONIA will inform the general public by writing contributions to popularscience journals and by supplying the media with information. Furthermore,results will be presented in a public seminar e.g. at University of Oslo.

Budget

Cost plan (in NOK 1000)

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Sum

Payroll and indirect expenses 1240 1270 1300 3810

Procurement of R&D services 0

Equipment 0

Other operating expenses 60 60 60 180



2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Sum

Totals 1300 1330 1360 3990

Specification

NILU's budget for permanent personnel is hourly based, with 133 hourscorresponding to one month's work. We are requesting 2 months/yearfor Andreas Stohl ("Researcher 1") and about 6.5 months/year to beshared between Rona Thompson and one other N.N. NILU staff member(both "Researcher 2") at the hourly rates of 1202 NOK and 1077 NOK,respectively.

Operating expenses are intended mainly for travel, which would be to projectmeetings as well as to relevant science conferences (ca. 2 trips for 2 personsper year). Minor costs will be reserved for hosting project meetings.

Cost code (in NOK 1000)

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Sum

Trade and industry 0

Independent researchinstitute

1300 1330 1360 3990

Universities and UniversityColleges

0

Other sectors 0

Abroad 0

Totals 1300 1330 1360 3990

Funding plan (in NOK 1000)

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Sum

Own financing 0



2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Sum

International funding 0

Other public funding 0

Other private funding 0

From Research Council 1300 1330 1360 3990

Totals 1300 1330 1360 3990

Specification

For cost specifications, see above under cost plan.

In addition to costs specified, NILU will contribute to the project by providingall computing and other infrastructure. NILU will also cover all costs forpublications (page fees, etc.) and outreach activities.

SLICFONIA would furthermore be integrated into the new Nordic Center ofExcellence eSTICC (eScience Tools for Investigating Climate Change atHigh Northern Latitudes; coordinated also by A. Stohl) with a planned startof January 2014. It would greatly benefit from further developments of tools(especially inversion method) in this NCoE.

Person for whom a fellowship/position is being sought

First name Last name National identity number

Basis for calculation of position

Type of fellowship From date (yyyymmdd) To date (yyyymmdd)

Doctoral fellowship

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Percentage of full timeposition

Documentation for calculation of overseas research grant and visiting researcher grant



Institution / company Travelling with family Travel expenses

Location

Country Period

From date (yyyymmdd)

To date (yyyymmdd)

Allocations sought from the Research Council (in 1000 NOK)

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Sum

Student fellowships 0

Doctoral fellowships 0

Post-doctoral fellowships 0

Grants for visitingresearchers

0

Grants for overseasresearchers

0

Researcher positions 0

Hourly-based salary includingindirect costs

1240 1270 1300 3810

Procurement of R&D services 0

Equipment 0

Other operating expenses 60 60 60 180

From Research Council 1300 1330 1360 3990

Partners



Partners under obligation to provide professional or financial resources forthe implementation of the project

1

Institution/ company Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU)

Department/ section

Address Instituttveien 18

Postal code 2027

City Kjeller

Country Norway

Enterprise number

Contact person Andreas Stohl

Contact tel. 63898035

Contact e-mail [email protected]

Partner's role Financing and Research activity

2

Institution/ company Obhukov Institute for Atmospheric Physics (OIAP)

Department/ section

Address Pyzhevsky 3

Postal code 119017

City Moscow

Country Russia

Enterprise number

Contact person Andrey Skorokhod

Contact tel. +7 495 951 55 6



3

Institution/ company P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology

Department/ section



Address Nakhimovsky prospect 36

Postal code 117997

City Moscow

Country Russia

Enterprise number

Contact person Vladimir Shevchenko

Contact tel. +7-499-124-77-3



Attachments

Project description

Filename slicfonia_proposal_v4.pdf

Reference ES517059_001_1_Prosjektbeskrivelse_20130903

Curriculum vitae (CV) with list of publications

Filename 4-page-CV.pdf

Reference ES517059_002_1_CV_20130829

Filename CV and publications Shevchenko_22-08-2013.pdf

Reference ES517059_002_2_CV_20130830

Filename CV_skor_2013.pdf

Reference ES517059_002_3_CV_20130830

Filename Thompson_4pages.pdf



Reference ES517059_002_4_CV_20130902

Grade transcripts (Doctoral and student fellowships)

Filename

Reference

Referees

Filename

Reference

Recommendation and invitation

Filename

Reference

Confirmation from partner(s)

Filename letter_oiap.pdf

Reference ES517059_008_1_AktiveSamarbeidspartnere_20130830

Filename SIO_confirmation.pdf

Reference ES517059_008_2_AktiveSamarbeidspartnere_20130902



Other items

Filename

Reference

Project Proposal

Emissions of Short-Lived Climate Forcers near and in the Arctic

(SLICFONIA)

Andreas Stohl and Rona Thompson

Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway

Andrey Skorokhod, Vladimir M. Kopeikin, and Anna A. Vinogradova

Obhukov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (OIAP), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Vladimir P. Shevchenko and Alexander N. Novigatsky

P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (SIO), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

1. Project summary

SLICFONIA addresses three of six priority areas of the call “Russia and the High North/Arctic”: 1)

Environmental monitoring ... in the Barents Sea region; 2) Improving understanding and modelling

of permafrost and its impact on climate; 3) The dynamics and drivers of climatically relevant gases.

The short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) black carbon (BC) and methane (CH4), are particularly im-

portant at high latitudes. BC absorbs solar radiation in the atmosphere, especially over highly re-

flective surfaces, and when it is deposited on snow/ice. CH4 emissions from wetlands and perma-

frost and biomass burning emissions of BC and CH4 are susceptible to high-latitude climate change.

Lastly, emissions of BC and CH4 from the expanding oil and gas industry in northern regions are

becoming increasingly important. To establish a baseline before even larger changes occur,

SLICFONIA will determine the current emissions of BC and CH4 in Arctic Eurasia and, in

particular, it will quantify gas flaring emissions from the oil and gas industry. The project will

perform new measurements of BC in the atmosphere on the northwest coast of the White Sea, as

well as measurements of BC in the atmosphere and in the snow during land expeditions in the

northern part of European Russia and during ship cruises in the White, Kara, and Barents Seas. It

will use BC and CH4 data (including CH4 isotopic information) from stations on Svalbard, in Nor-

way, Siberia and from other Arctic and high-latitude sites as well as from aircraft campaigns in Si-

beria. Optimal use of these data for quantifying high-latitude BC and CH4 emissions will be made

through rigorous comparisons with a new emission data set coupled to a transport model and a

Bayesian inversion approach. Their impact on Arctic BC and CH4 burdens will be determined.

SLICFONIA’s scientific objectives are to:

estimate current emissions of BC and CH4 from biomass burning and anthropogenic sources in

high-latitude Eastern Europe and Siberia.

in particular, quantify current emissions of black carbon (BC) and methane (CH4) from the ex-

ploitation of oil and natural gas in the Arctic, specifically in the Norwegian and Barents Seas.

produce spatially resolved emission estimates of CH4 for the Eurasian Arctic from wetlands, fos-

sil fuel including natural gas production, and biomass burning.

evaluate the impact of near-Arctic and within-Arctic BC emissions on Arctic BC loadings.

determine the biomass burning emission factors for BC and CH4 from atmospheric measure-

ments and use these to estimate emissions of BC and CH4 from wildfires.

SLICFONIA’s strategic goals are to:

strengthen collaboration between Norwegian and Russian scientists in SLCF and Arctic research.

support and work with the two AMAP1 expert groups on SLCFs and contribute to PEEX

2.

1 Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme

SLICFONIA Proposal

2

2. Background and past work leading to this proposal

2.1 Short lived climate forcers

Methane (CH4), aerosols, ozone and precursor species are currently receiving attention as the so-

called short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs). In the face of rapid climate change in the Arctic, reduc-

tions in the emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases will probably come too late to avoid deleteri-

ous effects such as the disappearance of sea ice in summer or extensive melting of Arctic glaciers.

The rapid Arctic warming associated with possible melting of permafrost may lead to increased

emissions, particularly of CH4, at high latitudes, possibly triggering an important feedback mecha-

nism in the climate system (Schuur et al., 2011, and references therein). On the other hand, sharp

reductions in the emissions of warming SLCFs may help to avoid rapid climate change. Again, for

such emission reductions the Arctic is one focus area because of its highly reflective ice and snow

surface (Quinn et al., 2008). Especially BC, through absorption of solar radiation both in the atmos-

phere and in the snow may lead to large positive forcing, increased surface temperatures and en-

hanced melting of snow and ice (Flanner et al., 2007). Thus, reduction of BC emissions in and near

the Arctic could possibly cool the Arctic and partly compensate (at least for some time) the increas-

ing forcing from long-lived greenhouse gases.

While there is an agreement that BC, tropospheric ozone and CH4 warm the climate (Forster et al.,

2007; Bond et al., 2013), most of the species co-emitted with BC and ozone precursors cool the

climate, for instance sulphate and organic carbon aerosols (Fuglestvedt et al., 2010). In particular,

the ongoing and further planned large reductions of sulphate emissions may lead to substantial cli-

mate warming, which is difficult to balance with reductions of SLCFs. There have been several

large international efforts to review and narrow down the uncertainties with respect to the various

warming and cooling effects (e.g., UNEP, 2011; Bond et al., 2013; upcoming IPCC Fifth Assess-

ment Report). With a focus on the Arctic, the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme

(AMAP) has established two expert groups on SLCFs: one on BC and ozone (co-leader: A. Stohl,

member: V. Shevchenko) and one on CH4 (to whom members of this team have close contact). The

first group has delivered a preliminary report (Quinn et al., 2011) and both groups are scheduled to

deliver more detailed reports in 2015. Furthermore, the Arctic Council has established a Task Force

to develop specific mitigation options. However, these efforts depend on underpinning research and

mitigation policy may be misguided or inefficient without additional scientific input.

Research needs for SLCFs range from a better understanding of their emissions, improved simula-

tions of their atmospheric transport, transformation and removal, to more accurate quantification of

their radiative forcing and consequent climate responses. While we acknowledge the need for pro-

gress in all these fields, this proposal shall focus on the former two topics (emissions and atmos-

pheric processing) and the two SLCFs, BC and CH4. This is motivated by the large role of the pe-

troleum industry for the emissions of these substances as well as the persisting very large uncertain-

ties of the BC and CH4 emissions overall in northeastern Europe and Siberia. This has also led to

suggestions for a large-scale and long-term “Pan Eurasian Experiment” (PEEX). SLICFONIA

partner institutes have been involved in discussions about this initiative from the beginning and this

project would thus also contribute to the overall PEEX efforts.

2.2 High-latitude sources of BC

For the Arctic, BC sources located at high latitudes in Eurasia are particularly important (Stohl,

2006; Sharma et al., 2006; Hirdman et al., 2010). These include anthropogenic sources within and

near the Arctic as well as biomass burning (Stohl et al., 2007). Although the basic source region is

known, the actual contributions from different BC source types to Arctic BC remain controversial.

One important motivation for this proposal is the result of an ongoing EU project (ECLIPSE3). In

this project, modelling tools are being developed to design cost-effective mitigation strategies for

2 Pan Eurasian Experiment: http://www.atm.helsinki.fi/peex/

3 Evaluating the CLimate and Air Quality ImPacts of Short-livEd Pollutants, coordinated by A. Stohl

http://www.atm.helsinki.fi/peex/

SLICFONIA Proposal

3

SLCFs, which consider their effects on air quality and climate. During ECLIPSE, flaring emissions

from the oil and gas industry were included in a global emission inventory for the first time (Kli-

mont et al., 2013). While BC emissions from gas flaring account for only 3% of the global emis-

sions, they dominate in this inventory at latitudes greater than 66ºN. Using these emissions for BC

modelling, it was found that 42% of the annual mean Arctic mean BC surface concentrations are

due to this single BC source type (Stohl et al., 2013), which has so far been overlooked (see Fig. 1).

Figure 1: Simulated surface concentrations of BC in the Arctic from Stohl et al. (2013) (left panel)

and the relative contribution from gas flaring emissions (right panel). On the left panel also shown

are the locations of BC measurement sites (red dots) which will also be used in this study, as well

as the track (white line) of the research ship cruise measuring BC by Shevchenko et al. (2012).

While the uncertainty of the gas flaring emissions is very high, a comparison of model results to

measurement data, in particular to the very high BC concentrations measured in gas flaring plumes

during the ship campaign of Shevchenko et al. (2012) (see Fig. 1 for ship track), suggests that the

emissions are not overestimated (Stohl et al., 2013). However, the current data situation in Northern

Eurasia allows only for rudimentary checks on the gas flaring emission estimates. For developing

successful strategies to mitigate BC concentrations in the Arctic, it is essential to have much more

accurate estimates of gas flaring emissions. Furthermore, the controversy between the attribution of

Arctic BC to mainly anthropogenic BC sources (e.g., Sharma et al., 2006), to biomass burning

emissions (Hegg et al., 2009), and, recently, to gas flaring (Stohl et al., 2013) must be resolved.

SLICFONIA, building on an already strong Russian-Norwegian collaboration, will deliver new BC

measurement data from dedicated campaigns and long-term monitoring and will use it to improve

the knowledge about BC emissions in the study region. Cooperation with the developers of the

ECLIPSE inventory (Klimont et al., 2013), which also covers CH4 emissions, will be useful.

2.3 High-latitude sources of methane

CH4 is not only an important SLCF but also contributes to the formation of tropospheric O3 (Fiore

et al., 2002), which is also a SLCF (Forster et al., 2007). The growth-rate of CH4 in the atmosphere

varies substantially on inter-annual timescales. During the 1980s the average growth-rate was ap-

proximately 12 ppb y-1

while during the 1990s it dropped to 4 ppb y-1

(Dlugokencky, 2003). This

change is likely due to a combination of lower fossil fuel emissions, following the break-up of the

Soviet Union, and reduced wetland emissions (Bousquet et al., 2006). A positive anomaly in the

CH4 growth-rate occurred in 1997-1998, owing, in particular, to increased emissions from wide-

spread wildfires related to a strong El Niño (Langenfelds et al., 2002). Since 2006, there has been

renewed increase in the CH4 growth-rate (Rigby et al., 2008). There is considerable uncertainty as

to what has caused this increase, however, it is speculated that it may be due to higher wetland

emissions in tropical, and importantly, boreal regions (Bousquet et al., 2011).

SLICFONIA Proposal

4

The contribution of Arctic CH4 sources to the global total source, and to the variability in the at-

mospheric growth-rate, remains very uncertain. Although inventory and model estimates are avail-

able, these are not well tested with independent data, such as atmospheric observations. Moreover,

there are considerable stores of carbon in the Arctic, which if destabilized by climate change, could

release enormous amounts of CH4. Among the important CH4 sources are wetlands, biomass burn-

ing, and fossil fuels, including both combustion and fugitive emissions. Wetlands cover approxi-

mately 70% of the Arctic land surface with large permanently frozen expanses. Northern high lati-

tude (>60°N) wetlands comprise a total estimated annual source of approximately 16 Tg CH4 y-1

but this number is thought to vary by up to 20% from year-to-year depending on climatic conditions

(Bousquet et al., 2011). Boreal forests and woodlands cover 6-9% of the global land surface and

store approximately 30% of the world’s terrestrial carbon. Fire is an important disturbance in this

region with the potential to release large amounts of carbon (Keywood, 2013). Emissions from

wildfires in the Arctic alone amount to an estimated 1 Tg CH4 y-1

(van der Werf et al., 2010). Large

variations occur in wildfire incidence and severity related to temperature and rainfall thus also lead-

ing to large fluctuations in CH4 emitted. Emissions from oil and gas exploitation have an estimated

source of approximately 3 Tg CH4 y-1

(EDGAR-v4.14), but this is likely to become more important

in the future with plans to expand oil and gas production in the Arctic. Fugitive emissions, such as

those from leaks in gas pipelines, are the dominant source type but are difficult to quantify accu-

rately since they are very diffuse. However, CH4 isotope measurements (useful for identifying the

source type) made at the Zeppelin station, and from a ship campaign in the Fram Strait, indicate a

dominance of wetland emissions in summer and provide evidence for gas field emissions in spring

when wetlands are frozen (Fisher et al., 2011). Notice that flaring of natural gas will lead to BC and

other emissions, while release of natural gas without flaring will emit mainly CH4.

2.4 BC and CH4 observations in the Arctic region

Recently, significant efforts have been made to increase the number of atmospheric observations of

SLCFs in the Arctic, and especially in easternmost Europe and Siberia, where there have been hith-

erto almost no observations. These efforts have included the establishment of the new in-situ CH4

sites, Norunda (NOR), Pallas (PAL), Summit (SUM), and Zotino (ZOT) as well as the flask site,

Mould Bay (MBA). The Russian partners of this proposal have established a monitoring site at

Kindo Peninsula, where BC and organic carbon (OC) measurements are available since June 2010.

There are also new BC and CH4 data available from aircraft such as those of the annual YAK-

AEROSIB campaigns, making profiles over large areas of Siberia in spring and summer (Paris et

al., 2009; 2010), as well as the regular greenhouse gas profiles of NOAA-GMD5 over Poker Flats

(PFA), Alaska, and LSCE6 over Tver (TVR), Russia. For BC, recent efforts also included extensive

sampling in Arctic snow (e.g., Doherty et al., 2010). Of particular interest are the ship campaigns

measuring BC in the White, Kara and Barents seas, downwind of major flaring regions

(Shevchenko et al., 2012; Stohl et al., 2013). We will have a particular focus on easternmost Europe

and Siberia, since it is important with respect to flaring, wetland, and biomass burning emissions.

As well as using new data, we will incorporate BC and CH4 measurements from long-term running

stations such as Zeppelin (ZEP) on Svalbard, Birkenes in southern Norway, Alert and Barrow

(Sharma et al., 2006), Station Nord and the flask sampling sites in the NOAA-GMD network in a

comprehensive framework including atmospheric transport modelling, with FLEXPART, and in-

verse modelling to estimate emissions of BC and CH4 (see section 2.5). Additionally, we will use

CH4 isotope data (δ13

CH4) available at Zeppelin for 2008, 2009 and from 2012 and shipboard

measurements around Svalbard (Fisher et al., 2011) to better identify the CH4 source type.

2.5 FLEXPART and atmospheric inversion modelling

FLEXPART (see http://flexpart.eu) is a Lagrangian particle dispersion model that has been devel-

4 Emission Database for Greenhouse gas and Atmospheric Research version 4.1 5 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division,

Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A 6 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l’Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

http://flexpart.eu/

SLICFONIA Proposal

5

oped by Stohl et al. (1998, 2005) and is now used at many dozens of institutes worldwide. The

model simulates the transport of passive tracers by calculating the trajectories of a multitude of so-

called particles using the resolved winds from global meteorological analyses (ECMWF or GFS)

and parameterizations for turbulence and convection. We will use FLEXPART to interpret BC and

CH4 concentration data from surface stations, ship and aircraft campaigns. This will be done by

running FLEXPART in a backwards time mode (for ca. 20 days) in order to determine the sensitiv-

ity of each observation to emissions in the surrounding area (Stohl et al., 2003).

To quantitatively determine BC and CH4 emissions, we will use atmospheric observations in con-

junction with the FLEXPART model in a statistical optimization framework. The optimization finds

the emission distribution and magnitude that best explains the atmospheric observations while con-

sidering a priori emission information. A statistical probability approach is necessary in this type of

problem, since the observations contain only incomplete information about the emissions making it

impossible to find a definitive solution. This is owing to atmospheric transport, which means the

atmospheric observations are only sensitive to a portion of the emissions at any given time. The sta-

tistical approach we use is Bayesian Inversion and is becoming an increasingly important method in

atmospheric sciences (e.g. Enting, 2002). The Bayesian formalism determines the solution (i.e.

emissions), which minimizes the cost between the observed and prior modelled concentrations

while remaining within the bounds of given limits based on what is known a priori about the emis-

sions. This is described by the cost function J:

J(x) = (x – xb)TB

-1(x – xb) + (H(x) – y)

TR

-1(H(x) – y) (1)

where x is the emissions, xb describes the prior distribution of emissions (best guess at x based on

inventory and/or model estimates), y is the atmospheric observations and H describes the sensitivity

of each observation to the emissions and is determined from the backward runs in FLEXPART. We

have considerable experience with Bayesian methods and have used this technique for the estima-

tion of emissions of halocarbons (Stohl et al., 2009; Stohl et al., 2010), nitrous oxide (Thompson et

al., 2011a; Thompson et al., 2011b), radionuclides (Stohl et al., 2012) and volcanic ash (Eckhardt et

al., 2008). In particular, a modular inversion code (“FLEXINVERT”) has been developed and will

soon be made available as an open-source code (publication by R. Thompson in Geoscientific

Model Development foreseen).

2.6 Wildfire emission modelling

The method that will be used for the estimation of BC, CH4 and CO emissions from wildfires ex-

tends on that used by Seiler and Crutzen (1980) making use of newly developed satellite data with

enhanced spatial resolution. In this method, emissions are calculated with the simple formula:

M = A×B×CC×EF (2)

where A is the area burnt (ha), B is the biomass density (kg ha-1

), CC is the combustion complete-

ness (%), EF (g kg-1

) is the emission factor (emitted mass of BC, CH4 or CO per 1 kg of burnt bio-

mass). Burnt areas will be taken from MODIS MCD45 Burned Area Level-3 Product (Roy et al.,

2005, 2008) that gives the most comprehensive information about burnt areas in remote sub-polar

regions of Northern Eurasia. The factors B, CC, and EF for various land-cover classes will be taken

from previous studies (Andreae & Merlet 2001; Wiedinmyer et al. 2006) but in particular the highly

uncertain emission factor will also be checked by analyzing BC/CO2, CH4/CO2 and CO/CO2 en-

hancement ratios in the observations of intense wildfire plumes measured at the Zotino station and

during the YAK-AEROSIB campaigns. MODIS Level-3 data are issued monthly on a regular glob-

al geographical grid in sinusoidal projection with a grid size of 500 m. Wildfire data are determined

with a resolution of 8 days. Other parameters of the emission model will be taken as the average of

every bioclimatic zone from University of Maryland's Global Land Cover map. A map with 30''

resolution, latitude by longitude, will be used in this study.

3. Description of work (work packages, WP)

3.1 WP 1: Improvement of BC simulations using FLEXPART

NILU will perform forward simulations of the BC distribution in the Arctic using FLEXPART,

similar to those of Stohl et al. (2013) but using updated emissions from the ECLIPSE project. The

SLICFONIA Proposal

6

ECLIPSE emission data set will be further improved specifically for Russia, based on a summary of

all published data on the emissions of BC in Russia provided by SIO and OIAP. For the gas flaring

emissions, different assumptions on the emission factors and emission source distribution will be

made, and for the biomass burning emissions, alternative data sets will be used (GFED, FINN and

our own estimates). Furthermore, simulations with optimized emissions from WP 3 will be made.

These simulations will allow for the propagation of uncertainties in the BC emissions to uncertain-

ties in simulated BC concentrations.

Different assumptions will also be made with respect to the wet scavenging of BC. The current

FLEXPART version does not consider the ageing of BC in the atmosphere from a hydrophobic to a

hydrophilic state. A simple parameterization for this ageing will be implemented to better represent

seasonal differences in wet scavenging and to obtain a better model performance in the vicinity of

BC sources compared to the current FLEXPART version. Furthermore, following Browse et al.

(2012), scavenging coefficients for ice clouds and liquid water clouds will be treated differently.

The uncertainty estimates from sensitivity studies will be propagated to the inverse modelling in

WP 3. Detailed evaluations will be made using data obtained at the observatories shown in Fig. 1 as

well as using the new data provided by WP 2 and other data.

Overall, this WP will provide a detailed view of the BC concentrations and deposition in the Arctic

as a function of space and time, including uncertainties. It will also quantify the contributions from

the various emission source types.

3.2. WP 2: Observations of BC in high-latitude Eurasia

High-latitude Eurasia is a major source region for BC in the Arctic (Stohl, 2006), yet the data situa-

tion particularly in Russia is very poor. To improve this situation, the following new measurements

of BC shall be made by SIO and OIAP (see Fig. 2 for locations): Snow cover sampling sites in the White Sea catchment area

Figure 2: Left: Areas of atmospheric BC studies: 1) Kindo Peninsula; 2) vicinity of Arkhangelsk

city; 3) (shaded area) areas of marine expeditions in the White, Barents and Kara seas. Right: Sites

of planned BC snow sampling in the White Sea catchment area.

SIO and OIAP will make long-term measurements (2014 to 2016) of atmospheric BC on the

Kindo Peninsula at the White Sea Lomonosov Moscow State University biological station

(66°34’ N, 33°08’ E). Samples will be collected on quartz or Pall glass-fibre filters (type A/E)

using a high-volume pump (UAS-310) and BC will be determined by the thermal method in

Novosibirsk by SB RAS7. The sampling period will be from April to November, with a typical

sample-exposure time of about 1 week. Additionally, in short expeditions in April, June and

September, measurements of BC using the aethalometry method will be made for comparison.

Aethalometric measurements of atmospheric BC concentrations will be made during expedi-

tions on land in northern European Russia and in the Arctic Seas from Russian research vessels

7 Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences

SLICFONIA Proposal

7

in summers for 2014 to 2016. The cruise track of the 2011 expedition is shown in Fig. 1 as an

example and target areas for marine expeditions during 2014-2016 are shown in Fig. 2.

Measurements of BC concentrations in fresh snow and snow-cover in northern European Russia

will be made regularly in March – April. Snow-melt water will be filtrated through quartz filters

or Whatman GF/F glass fibre filters and the BC content will be subsequently determined by the

thermal method by SB RAS. Sites for the snow studies are shown in Fig. 2.

The planned station measurements and campaigns are located in the area with the highest simulated

BC concentrations in the Arctic (Fig. 1, left panel), with a large simulated contribution of gas flar-

ing emissions (Fig. 1, right panel) but also other strong sources. The new data shall, therefore, be

extremely valuable for validating FLEXPART and other global aerosol models.

3.3 WP 3: Inverse modelling of BC sources

To date, Arctic observations of BC have only been used for statistical analyses of the BC source

regions (e.g., Sharma et al., 2006; Hirdman et al., 2010), with no attempt to improve the available

emission information. Here, NILU in collaboration with SIO and OIAP will use the FLEXPART

model as improved in WP 1 and the inversion method described in section 2.5, to improve the quan-

tification of high-latitude BC emissions. The inversions will use the improved ECLIPSE emissions

as a priori information. The new campaign data obtained downwind of major source areas will be

particularly useful to constrain the BC emissions in high-latitude Russia and emphasis will be put

on quantifying the emissions in the region with suspected large emissions from gas flaring (Fig. 1,

right). However, for the inverse modelling, we will collect and use all high-latitude BC data we can

access, e.g. through NILU’s EBAS database serving as the World Data Centre for Aerosols.

The inverse modelling estimates will be subject to large uncertainties: 1) Measurements of (equiva-

lent) BC at the various sites are obtained with different measurement techniques (e.g., optical versus

thermal) and sampling protocols leading to observation offsets. Model-supported tests will be made

to find the relative biases of the various data sets, which will be a valuable result in itself. 2) Errors

in the model treatment of BC scavenging make model results highly uncertain, especially in regions

far downwind from BC sources, and can potentially lead to biased emission estimates. Ensemble

modelling of WP 1 will allow proper consideration of these errors in the inverse modelling.

The planned outcome of this WP will be a better quantification of BC emissions in high-latitude

Eurasia and with a focus on gas flaring emissions.

3.4 WP 4: Estimates of the current BC, CO and CH4 source from wildfires in Boreal Eurasia

BC, CO and CH4 emissions from wildfires in the boreal and pan-arctic zones of Eurasia will be es-

timated from 2000 using the OIAP wildfire emission model (see section 2.6) and MODIS satellite

products. The total area of wildfire and burnt areas will be determined at 1-month resolution over

this time period. Inter-annual, seasonal and regional variability of BC, CO and CH4 emissions from

wildfires will be studied. In addition, atmospheric CH4, CO and CO2 data from Zotino station and

from YAK-AEROSIB aircraft profiles will be used to determine emissions of these gases from

biomass burning. This will be a complementary estimate (i.e. to the one of the wildfire emissions

model) and will help ascertain the uncertainties in the emissions. The atmospheric (or “top-down”)

method will use FLEXPART retro-plume analyses. Concentrations of CO will help to distinguish

combustion sources of CO2 and CH4 from other sources, such as wetlands. To further constrain the

CO2 emission estimate, MODIS data, as well as data on the vegetation type and biomass density

will be used. To evaluate the source strength for CH4, we will determine the emission ratios

CH4:CO and CH4:CO2 from measured concentration enhancements taken in dense smoke plumes

from wildfires, especially those observed at Zotino and by the YAK aircraft during the year 2012.

3.5 WP 5: Inverse modelling of CH4 sources

NILU will utilize multi-year CH4 concentration data from surface stations, with particular focus on

the in-situ measurement sites, Zeppelin, Birkenes and Zotino, as well as aircraft data from YAK-

AEROSIB. Zeppelin is ideally located to capture atmospheric signals of CH4 from oil and natural

gas emissions, and potentially, also CH4 from methane-hydrates. In addition, CH4 isotope data is

SLICFONIA Proposal

8

available at Zeppelin and from shipboard measurements around Svalbard, which will be used to de-

termine what fraction of the emissions is due to gas leaks and combustion, as opposed to methane-

hydrates and wetlands. The isotopic ratio of 13

CH4 to 12

CH4 (reported relative to a standard ratio in

units of permil ‰ with the nomenclature δ13

CH4) has a distinct value depending on the source of

CH4. CH4 from fossil fuel sources (gas leaks and flaring) has a characteristic isotopic ratio of

around -40‰ compared with sources from methanogenesis (e.g. wetlands) at -60‰ and biomass

burning between -25 and -12‰ (e.g. Ferretti et al., 2005). Zotino is located in central Siberia and

thus is well positioned to study emissions of CH4 from wetlands and from wildfires in boreal forest.

To add to this, there are the YAK-AEROSIB measurements over large areas in Siberia. To quantify

the emissions of CH4 from biomass burning and oil and natural gas production, and the emissions of

CH4 from wetlands, we will use the atmospheric inversion method described in section 2.5. For the

prior emission estimates of CH4, needed for the inversion, we will use current inventories, such as

ECLIPSE for emissions related to oil and gas production, and eco-system models, such as OR-

CHIDEE8 for wetland emissions. These will provide the “first guess” estimates for the emissions,

which will be improved with the constraint from atmospheric data.

The outcome of this WP will be improved regionalized emissions of CH4 in northern Eurasia for the

different source types. Interannual emission variability will be related to meteorological conditions

in the emission regions and indices of climate variability, thus leading to better understanding of the

conditions driving the emissions and improved capabilities to predict future CH4 emissions.

4. Collaboration, coordination, and relation to other projects

4.1 The project consortium

In Norway, the project will be carried out by NILU’s atmospheric transport processes group, which

received the top grade (5) in the 2011 evaluation of the Geosciences in Norway, which was given

only to 5 out of 65 groups evaluated. In Russia, the work will be carried out by OIAP, one of the

leading centres in atmospheric sciences in Russia, and the only group in Russia who has provided

regular measurements of BC, and by SIO who have conducted studies of aerosols in the Arctic Seas

and surrounding land since 1991 (e.g., Shevchenko et al., 1999, 2003).

The project partners NILU and OIAP have a record of collaboration, which started during the Inter-

national Polar Year (IPY) with the NFR-funded projects RAPSIFACT9 and the IPY project PO-

LARCAT10

. We have used measurements from the Zotino station (Vasileva et al., 2011), a railway

carriage travelling along the Trans-Siberian Railroad (Elansky et al., 2009), and the YAK-

AEROSIB aircraft to investigate ozone sources and sinks in Siberia (Stjernberg et al., 2012), the

influence of forest fires and other high-latitude pollution sources on aerosol and ozone concentra-

tions (e.g., Paris et al., 2010; Paris et al., 2009). SLICFONIA would allow the continuation of this

profitable collaboration, with a shift of research topic from air pollutants to CH4 and BC, which are

being measured on many of the same sites/platforms. NILU and SIO/OIAP have also collaborated

in the framework of AMAP and have together analyzed the ship campaign data of Shevchenko et al.

(2012) using FLEXPART (Stohl et al., 2013).

NILU will be responsible for compiling and analysing atmospheric concentration data, performing

FLEXPART runs, expanding and improving the atmospheric inversion method, studying the influ-

ence of wet deposition parameterizations on BC simulations, and making the inversion calculations.

OIAP will be responsible for the bottom-up estimates of emissions from wildfires and the interpre-

tation of Russian measurement data, while SIO will be responsible for the various new BC cam-

paigns (ship-based and land-based) as well as data interpretation.

8 http://orchidee.ipsl.jussieu.fr

9 Study of Russian Air Pollution Sources and their Impact on Atmospheric Composition in the Arctic, using the TRO-

ICA railway carriage, data from Svalbard, and the FLEXPART transport model 10

Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols,

and Transport

SLICFONIA Proposal

9

4.2 Coordination

NILU will be responsible for the scientific coordination of the project, while NILU, OIAP and SIO

will be equally responsible for the scientific outreach in Norway, Russia and internationally. NILU

will handle communication with the Norwegian Research Council, while OIAP and SIO will handle

communication with the Russian Foundation of Basic Research. NILU will follow the recommen-

dation of the NFR Geosciences evaluation committee “to [give consideration] to developing future

group leaders and diversifying research activities”. Rona Thompson is already a leading expert on

the inverse modeling of GHGs and by co-leading this project she would acquire the necessary pro-

ject coordination skills for a future leading position at NILU.

4.3 Relation to other projects

SLICFONIA will benefit from NILU’s studies of SLCF climate impacts (ECLIPSE, funded by

EU) and from research in the NFR-funded MOCA11

project on CH4 emissions by CH4 clathrates.

NILU operates the atmospheric stations Birkenes and Zeppelin on Svalbard and is collaborating

with Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry with respect to measurements at Zotino, and with

Royal Halloway University of London, for CH4 isotope measurements at Zeppelin12

. NILU has also

collaborated with the YAK-AEROSIB team from the beginning, with respect to airborne aerosol

and CH4 measurements over Siberia. The project will also benefit from inverse modelling technical

developments in eSTICC13

. SLICFONIA fits well with current OIAP research policy, having a

strong focus on climate change in the Arctic and Northern Eurasia. OIAP, together with the other

ZOTTO14

international scientific consortium members, operates the permanent atmospheric and

ecosystem observatory, Zotino, in Siberia providing regular CO and CH4 content in column meas-

urements together with surface ozone and NOx. SLICFONIA also fits well with the program of

multidisciplinary research of SIO in the Arctic Seas and at the adjacent land, supported by the Pre-

sidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The three institutes will work closely with AMAP and

their expert groups and will coordinate with PEEX efforts. Particularly noteworthy is the collabora-

tion with Z. Klimont (IIASA) regarding emission data.

5. Requested resources overview 2014 2015 2016 Total

NILU person months 8.5 8.5 8.5 25.5

NILU travel 60 kNOK 60 kNOK 60 kNOK 180 kNOK

OIAP person months 8 8 8 24

OIAP travel 30 kNOK 30 kNOK 30 kNOK 90 kNOK

SIO person months 4 4 4 12

SIO travel 30 kNOK 30 kNOK 30 kNOK 90 kNOK

6. References Andreae,M.O. & Merlet,P.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning, Glob. Biogeochem. Cyc. 15, 955–966, 2001.

Bond, T. C., et al.: Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 5380-

5552, 2013.

Bousquet, P., et al.: Contribution of anthropogenic and natural sources to atmospheric methane variability, Nature, 443, 439-443,

2006.

Bousquet, P., et al.: Source attribution of the changes in atmospheric methane for 2006 - 2008, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3689-3700,

2011.

Browse, J., et al.: The scavenging processes controlling the seasonal cycle in Arctic sulphate and black carbon aerosol, Atmos.

Chem. Phys., 12, 6775-6798, 2012.

Doherty, S. J., et al.: Light-absorbing impurities in Arctic snow, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11647-11680, 2010.

Dlugokencky, E. J.: Atmospheric methane levels off: Temporary pause or a new steady-state? Geophys. Res. Lett., 30 (19), 2003.

Eckhardt, S., et al.: Estimation of the vertical profile of sulfur dioxide injection into the atmosphere by a volcanic eruption using

satellite column measurements and inverse transport modeling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3881-3897, 2008.

11

Methane Emissions from the Arctic OCean to the Atmosphere: Present and Future Climate Effects, PI C. L. Myhre 12

This is in the framework of the following projects: GAME (Causes and effects of Global and Arctic changes in the

MEthane budget) and GHG-Nor (Greenhouse gases in the North: from local to regional scale. 13

eScience Tools for Investigating Climate Change at High Northern Latitudes, a new Nordic Centre of Excellence co-

ordinated by A. Stohl (likely from January 2014) 14 Zotino Tall Tower Observatory

SLICFONIA Proposal

10

Elansky, N. F., et al. Atmospheric composition observations over Northern Eurasia using the mobile laboratory: TROICA experi-

ment, ISTC publ., Moscow, 73 p., 2009.

Enting, I. G.: Inverse Problems in Atmospheric Constituent Transport, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, 2002.

Ferretti, D. F., et al.: Unexpected changes to the global methane budget over the past 2000 years, Science, 309, 1714-1717, 2005.

Flanner M. G. et al.: Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow, J. Geophys. Res. 112, D11202, 2007.

Fiore, A. M. et al.: Linking ozone pollution and climate change: The case for controlling methane, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1919,

2002.

Fisher, R. E., et al.: Arctic methane sources: Isotopic evidence for atmospheric inputs, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L21803, 2011.

Forster, P., et al.: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.

Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Solomon, S., et al., Cambridge University Press.

Cambridge, United Kingdom. 2007.

Fuglestvedt, J.S., et al.: Assessment of transport impacts on climate and ozone: metrics. Atmos. Environ., 44, 4648-4677, 2010.

Hegg, D. A., et al.: Source attribution of black carbon in arctic snow, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 4016–4021, 2009.

Hirdman, D., et al.: Source identification of short-lived air pollutants in the Arctic using statistical analysis of measurement data and

particle dispersion model output. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 669–693, 2010.

Keywood, M. et al.: Fire in the air-biomass burning impacts in a changing climate, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Tech., 43, 40-83, 2012.

Klimont, Z., et al.: Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter, paper in preparation, 2013.

Langenfelds, R., et al.: Interannual growth rate variations of atmospheric CO2 and its delta13C, H2, CH4, and CO between 1992 and

1999 linked to biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 1048, 2002.

Paris, J. D., et al.: Source-receptor relationships for airborne measurements of CO2, CO and O3 above Siberia: a cluster-based

approach, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1671-1687, 2010.

Paris, J. D., et al.: Wildfire smoke in the Siberian Arctic in summer: source characterization and plume evolution from airborne

measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9315-9327, 2009.

Quinn P. K. et al. (2008): Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: their climate impact and possible mitigation strategies. Atmos. Chem.

Phys. 8, 1723-1735.

Quinn P.K., Stohl A., … Shevchenko V., et al.: The Impact of Black Carbon on Arctic Climate. Oslo: Arctic Monitoring and As-

sessment Programme (AMAP), 2011. 72 p.

Rigby, M., et al.: Renewed growth of atmospheric methane, Geophysical Research Letters, 35 (22), 2008.

Roy, D. P., et al.: The collection 5 MODIS burned area product – Global evaluation by comparison with the MODIS active fire

product, Remote Sensing of Environment, 112, 3690-3707, 2008.

Roy, D. P., et al.: Prototyping a global algorithm for systematic fire-affecting area mapping using MODIS time series data, Remote

Sensing of Environment, 97, 137-162, 2005.

Schuur, E.A.G. & Abbott, B.: Climate change: High risk of permafrost thaw, Nature, 480, 32-33, 2011.

Seiler, W. & Crutzen, P. J.: Estimates of gross and net fluxes of carbon between the biosphere and atmosphere, Clim. Change, 2,

207-247, 1980.

Sharma, S., et al.: Variations and sources of the equivalent black carbon in the high Arctic revealed by long-term observations at

Alert and Barrow: 1989–2003, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D14208, 2006.

Shevchenko, V. P., et al.: The distribution of atmospheric black carbon in marine boundary layer over the seas of the western part of

the Russian Arctic in September–October 2011, Geophys. Res. Abstracts 14, EGU2012-5966, EGU General Assembly, 2012.

Shevchenko V.P., Lisitzin A.P., Kuptzov V.M. et al.: Composition of aerosols in the surface boundary layer of the atmosphere over

the seas of the Western Russian Arctic, Oceanology 39, 128–136, 1999.

Shevchenko V., et al.: Heavy metals in aerosols over the seas of the Russian Arctic, Sci. Total Env. 306, 11–25, 2003.

Stjernberg, A.-C. E., et al.: Low concentrations of near-surface ozone in Siberia, Tellus B; Vol 64, 2012.

Stohl, A.: Characteristics of atmospheric transport into the Arctic troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D11306, 2006.

Stohl, A., et al.: Stratosphere-troposphere exchange: A review, and what we have learned from STACCATO, J. Geophys. Res. 108,

2003.

Stohl, A., et al.: Technical note: The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART version 6.2, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2461-

2474, 2005.

Stohl, A., et al.: Validation of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART against large-scale tracer experiment data,

Atmos. Environ., 32, 4245-4264, 1998.

Stohl, A., et al.: Arctic smoke - record high air pollution levels in the European Arctic due to agricultural fires in Eastern Europe.

Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7, 511-534, 2007.

Stohl, A., et al.: Hydrochlorofluorocarbon and hydrofluorocarbon emissions in East Asia determined by inverse modeling, Atmos.

Chem. Phys., 10, 3545-3560, 2010.

Stohl, A., et al.: An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity

studies and application to halocarbons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1597-1620, 2009.

Stohl, A., et al.: Xenon-133 and caesium-137 releases into the atmosphere from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant:

determination of the source term, atmospheric dispersion, and deposition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 2313-2343, 2012.

Stohl, A., et al.: Black carbon in the Arctic: the underestimated role of gas flaring and residential combustion emissions, Atmos.

Chem. Phys., in press; see also: Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 13, 9567-9613, 2013.

Thompson, R. L., et al.: Impact of the atmospheric sink and vertical mixing on nitrous oxide fluxes estimated using inversion

methods, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D17307, 2011a.

Thompson, R. L., et al.: A Bayesian inversion estimate of N2O emissions for western and central Europe and the assessment of

aggregation errors, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3443-3458, 2011b.

UNEP: Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone, UNEP and WMO, Nairobi, 2011.

van der Werf, G. R., et al.: Global fire emissions and the contribution of deforestation, savanna, forest, agricultural, and peat fires

(1997-2009), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11707-11735, 2010.

Vasileva, A.V. et al.: Assessment of the regional atmospheric impact of wildfire emissions based on CO observations at the ZOTTO

tall tower station in central Siberia, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D07301, 2011.

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Curriculum vitae of Andreas Stohl 29/08/2013

Personal information

Born: 23 March 1968 Nationality: Austria Civil status: married, three children

University Degrees

24 March 1992 Diploma degree in meteorology at the University of Vienna, Austria

1 July 1996 PhD degree in meteorology at the University of Vienna, Austria

June 2000 Habilitation at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Vienna, Austria

Employment Record

January 1992 to May 1995 Research assistant at University of Vienna, Austria

June 1995 to April 1997 Research assistant at University of Agricultural Sciences, Vienna, Austria

April to November 1996 Compulsory military service

December 1996 to May 1997 Contractor, Central Institute of Meteorology and Geodynamics, Vienna, A.

May to July 1997 Research assistant at University of Munich, Germany

August 1997 to July 2003 Assistant professor (C1) first at University of Munich, then at Technical

University of Munich, Germany (no change of position, faculty transfer)

July 2003 to November 2004 Research Associate at University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA

Since December 2004 Senior scientist at NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller,

Norway

2010 Guest professor at University of Innsbruck, Austria

Research Performance

In the Norwegian Research Council’s Evaluation of the Geosciences in Norway (2011), Stohl’s group was

awarded the top grade, given only to 5 of 65 groups evaluated.

ISI Essential Science Indicators (ESI) lists Andreas Stohl at place 32 of all researchers in the Geosciences in

terms of citations of papers that have appeared during the last 10 years plus 2 months (as of August 2013).

Twelve of Stohl’s papers from that period are also listed as highly cited in ESI (belonging to top 1% of all

papers for year of publication).

The graphs below are taken from ISI Web of Science (July 2012):

ISI Publications in Each Year

ISI Citations in Each Year

246 peer-reviewed articles published or accepted h-index: 48 (ISI Web of

Science) m-index: 2.5 (h-index divided by number

of years since first

publication)

Reviewing

In the past, Stohl has served as a reviewer and review panel member for more than 20 different funding

agencies (e.g. European Research Council, NSF, NASA, NOAA in the U.S.A., CFCAS and CSA in Canada,

NRF in South Africa, DFG, HGF in Germany, Academy of Finland, SNSF in Switzerland, NERC and

DEFRA in the U.K., NOSR in the Netherlands, COST secretariate, European Commission, etc.) and for

more than 30 different international journals.

Awards

2004 EUROTRAC-2 Young Scientist Award, a one-time prize given to five scientists under the

age of 40 for their achievements during the EUREKA project EUROTRAC-2

2007 NOAA OAR Outstanding Scientific Paper Award from NOAA’s Office for Oceanic and

Atmospheric Research for the paper by O. R. Cooper, A. Stohl, M. Trainer, et al. (2006)

2009 Certificate of Appreciation from the World Meteorological Organization and the

International Council for Science for initiating and leading POLARCAT

2009 Group Achievement Award from NASA for outstanding accomplishments in ARCTAS

2011+2012 Two subsequent Editor’s Citations for Excellence in Refereeing for the American

Geophysical Union’s (AGU) Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres

Invited presentations

Numerous invited presentations at EGU’s General Assembly, AGU’s Fall Meeting, IUGG’s General

Assembly, and in many institutional colloquia (e.g., three times in last ten years at ETH Zürich)

Community Services

2002-2003 Spokesperson for the BMBF-funded German Atmospheric Research Program 2000

2003-2004 Associate editor of the Journal of Geophysical Research

Since 2003 Co-editor of Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

2003-2011 Convener of session “Vertical and long-range transport of trace gases in the troposphere” at

the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union

2002-2011 Head convener or co-convener of sessions at AGU’s Fall Meetings, EGU’s General

Assembly, CACGP Symposium, IGAC Conference, International Polar Year Science

Conference 2010

From 2010 Member of the International Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution

2005-2011 Coordinator of POLARCAT (Polar study using aircraft, remote sensing, surface

measurements and models, of climate, chemistry, aerosols, and transport), an International

Polar Year core activity endorsed also by AMAP, IGAC, iLEAPS and SPARC

Year International Scientific Assessments + a Book Role

2011 Quinn, P.K., A. Stohl, et al.: The Impact of Black Carbon on Arctic Climate.

Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, 72 p., ISBN-978-

82-7971-069-1.

Co-chair with

P.K. Quinn

2011

Cooper, O., D. Derwent, B. Collins, R. Doherty, D. Stevenson, A. Stohl, and P.

Hess: Conceptual Overview of Hemispheric or Intercontinental Transport of

Ozone and Particulate Matter. In: Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution 2010.

Part A: Ozone and Particulate Matter (editors: Dentener, F., T. Keating, and H.

Akimoto). United Nations, New York and Geneva, ISBN 978-92-1-117043-6.

Co-author, Stohl

was coordinating

lead author of

2007 assessment

2011

Montzka, S. A., et al. (including A. Stohl): Chapter 1 – Ozone-depleting

substances (ODSs) and related chemicals. In: Scientific Assessment of Ozone

Depletion: 2010. World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research

and Monitoring Project – Report No. 52, Geneva, ISBN: 9966-7319-6-2.

Co-author

2004 A. Stohl: Intercontinental Transport of Air Pollutants. Springer-Verlag,

Heidelberg, ISBN: 3-540-20563-2, 325p. Editor

Major Funded Research Projects

2000-2002 Coordinator of STACCATO (Influence of Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange in a Changing

Climate on Atmospheric Transport and Oxidation Capacity), an EU project

2000-2006 Coordinator of one research project and PI of three other projects funded in the framework of

the German Atmospheric Research Program 2000 (AFO 2000)

2001-2004 PI within PARTS (Particles in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere and their Role

in the Climate System), an EU project

2006-2008 PI of FLEXPOP (Further Development of a Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model

(FLEXPART) to Evaluate the Atmospheric Fate and Distribution of POPs), funded by the

Research Council of Norway (300 k€)

2006-2010 PI of WATER-SIP (Where Norway Receives its Water from), funded by the Research

Council of Norway (560 k€)

2007-2009

Coordinator of POLARCAT (Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface

Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport), an

International Polar Year project, the Norwegian component funded by the Research Council

of Norway (2.6 million €, 1.9 million € for NILU)

2007-2010 PI in EUCAARI, an Integrated Project coordinated by M. Kulmala (U. Helsinki) and funded

by the European Commission (792 k€ for NILU, including internal funds)

2007-2010 PI of SUMSVAL (A Comparison of Data from Atmospheric Research Stations at Summit,

Greenland, and Zeppelin, Svalbard), funded by the Research Council of Norway (150 k€)

2007-2010 PI in POCAHONTAS, funded by the Research Council of Norway (100 k€ for NILU)

2008-2010 Coordinator of RAPSIFACT (Study of Russian Air Pollution Sources …), funded by the

Research Council of Norway (390 k€, 300 k€ for NILU)

2008-2011 PI in MEGAPOLI, funded by the European Commission (250 k€ for NILU, 75% from EU)

2010-2011 Co-chair of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program’s Expert Group on Short-Lived

Climate Forcers, funded by Norwegian Environmental Protection Agency (100 k€)

2009-2012 PI in SHIVA, funded by the European Commission (130 k€ for NILU, 75% from EU)

2010-2012 Coordinator of SOGG-EA (Sources of Greenhouse Gases in East Asia), funded by the

Research Council of Norway (900 k€, 250 k€ for NILU)

2010-2012 Coordinator of CLIMSLIP (Climate Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants in the Polar Regions),

selected by the European Science Foundation and funded by several national research

councils (901 k€, 371 k€ for NILU)

Current projects

2010-2015 Deputy leader of CRAICC (Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic

Climate), a virtual Nordic Center of Excellence (4.5 M€); leader Markku Kulmala

2011-2013 PI in EARTHCLIM, an Earth System Modeling project coordinated by H. Drange and funded

by the Norwegian Research Council (5 M€, 200 k€ for NILU)

2011-2014 Coordinator of ECLIPSE (Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived

Pollutants), funded by the European Commission (3.8 M€, 0.7 M€ for NILU)

2013-2016 Subcontracting PI for a project for the German Radiation Protection Agency (265 k€ for

NILU)

2014-2017 PI in EVA, an Earth System Modeling project coordinated by C. Heinze, accepted for

funding by the Norwegian Research Council

2014-2018 Coordinator of the Nordic Center of Excellence eSTICC (eScience Tools for Investigating

Climate Change at High Northern Latitudes), accepted for funding by Nordforsk

Selected relevant publications since 2008 (total number since 2008: 114 publications)

Stohl, A., Z. Klimont, S. Eckhardt, K. Kupiainen, and C. Lunder (2013): Why models struggle to capture

Arctic Haze: the important role of the emissions. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 13, 9567-9613. Revised

and extended version including Russian co-authors, accepted by ACP.

Eckhardt, S., O. Hermansen, H. Grythe, M. Fiebig, K. Stebel, M. Cassiani, A. Baecklund, and A. Stohl

(2013): The influence of cruise ship emissions on air pollution in Svalbard – a harbinger of a more

polluted Arctic? Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, 8401-8409.

Berchet, A., J.-D. Paris, G. Ancellet, K. S. Law, A. Stohl, P. Nédélec, M. Yu Arshinov, B. D. Belan, and P.

Ciais (2013): Tropospheric ozone over Siberia in spring 2010: remote influences and stratospheric

intrusion. Tellus B 65, 19688.

Engvall Stjernberg, A.-C., A. Skorokhod, J. D. Paris, N. Elansky, P. Nédélec, and A. Stohl (2012): Low

concentrations of near-surface ozone in Siberia. Tellus B 65, 11607.

Stohl, A., P. Seibert, G. Wotawa, D. Arnold, J. F. Burkhart, S. Eckhardt, C. Tapia, A. Vargas, and T. J.

Yasunari (2012): Xenon-133 and caesium-137 releases into the atmosphere from the Fukushima Dai-

ichi nuclear power plant: determination of the source term, atmospheric dispersion, and deposition.

Atmos. Chem. Phys. 12, 2313-2343.

Stohl, A., A. J. Prata, S. Eckhardt, et al. (2011): Determination of time- and height-resolved volcanic ash

emissions and their use for quantitative ash dispersion modeling: the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption.

Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 4333-4351.

Stohl, A., J. Kim, S. Li, et al. (2010): Hydrochlorofluorocarbon and hydro-fluorocarbon emissions in East

Asia determined by inverse modeling. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 3545-3560.

Hirdman, D., H. Sodemann, S. Eckhardt, J.F. Burkhart, A. Jefferson, T. Mefford, P.K. Quinn, S. Sharma, J.

Ström, and A. Stohl (2010): Source identification of short-lived air pollutants in the Arctic using

statistical analysis of measurement data and particle dispersion model output. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10,

669-693.

Paris, J.-D., P. Ciais, P. Nédélec, A. Stohl, B. D. Belan, M. Yu. Arshinov, C. Carouge, G. Golitsyn, I. G.

Granberg (2010): Transcontinental flights over Siberia: overview of first results from the YAK

AEROSIB project. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc. 91, 625-641.

Stohl, A., and H. Sodemann (2010): Characteristics of atmospheric transport into the Antarctic troposphere.

J. Geophys. Res. 115, D02305.

Stohl, A., J. Kim, S. Li, S. O’Doherty, J. Mühle, P.K. Salameh, T. Saito, M.K. Vollmer, D. Wan, R.F.

Weiss, B. Yao, Y. Yokouchi, and L.X. Zhou (2010): Hydrochlorofluorocarbon and hydro-fluorocarbon

emissions in East Asia determined by inverse modeling. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 3545-3560.

Hirdman, D., K. Aspmo, J. F. Burkhart, S. Eckhardt, H. Sodemann, and A. Stohl (2009): Transport of

mercury in the Arctic atmosphere: Evidence for a spring-time net sink and summer-time source.

Geophys. Res. Lett. 36, L12814.

Stohl, A., P. Seibert, J. Arduini, S. Eckhardt, P. Fraser, B. R. Greally, C. Lunder, M. Maione, J. Mühle, S.

O’Doherty, R. G. Prinn, S. Reimann, T. Saito, N. Schmidbauer, P.G. Simmonds, M. K. Vollmer, R. F.

Weiss, and Y. Yokouchi (2009): An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global

emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons. Atmos. Chem. Phys.

9, 1597-1620.

Eckhardt, S., A. J. Prata, P. Seibert, K. Stebel, and A. Stohl (2008): Estimation of the vertical profile of

sulfur dioxide injection into the atmosphere by a volcanic eruption using satellite column

measurements and inverse transport modeling. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 3881-3897.

Quinn, P. K., T. S. Bates, E. Baum, N. Doubleday, A. Fiore, M. Flanner, A. Fridlind, T. J. Garrett, D. Koch,

S. Menon, D. Shindell, A. Stohl, and S. G. Warren (2008): Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: their

climate impact and possible mitigation strategies. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 1723-1735.

Stohl, A., C. Forster, and H. Sodemann (2008): Remote sources of water vapor forming precipitation on the

Norwegian west coast at 60º N - a tale of hurricanes and an atmospheric river. J. Geophys. Res.113,

D05102.

1

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name Vladimir Petrovich Shevchenko

Date of Birth 06.11.1960

Place of Birth Varenikovskaya village, Krasnodar Region, Former USSR

Citezenship Russia

Civil status Divorced, two children

Foreign

languages

English, French, German

Education Geological Department of Moscow State University, 1989

PhD P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, 2000

Present address P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Nakhimovsky Prospekt, 36,

Moscow 117997, Russia;

Fax: 7-499-1245983; e-mail: [email protected]

PREVIOUS AND PRESENT POSITION

1989–1992 Post-graduate student in the Institute of Oceanology RAS, Moscow.

Supervisor – Academician A.P. Lisitzin.

1992–1996 Junior scientist, Laboratory of physico-geological research, P.P. Shirshov

Institute of Oceanology RAS

1996–1999 Scientist, Laboratory of physico-geological research, P.P. Shirshov Institute

of Oceanology RAS

1999–present Leading scientist, Laboratory of physico-geological research, P.P. Shirshov

Institute of Oceanology RAS

EXPEDITIONAL EXPERIENCE

In 1987–2013 participation in 50 expeditions, including 5 expeditions onboard the RV

„Polarstern“ in the Arctic (ARK XI/1, ARK XIII/2, ARK XIV/1a, ARK XVII/2, ARK XX/3),

MSM 05/03 cruise of the RV “Maria S. Merian” in the West Greenland shelf area (June–July

2007), expedition onboard the Canadian ice-breaker “Amundsen” (December 2007 – January

2008) and as chief scientist of 17 expeditions in the White Sea region and of the 11th

cruise of

the RV „Akademik Ioffe“ in the Atlantic Ocean, October–November 2002.

PUBLICATIONS: author of 2 monographs, author and co-author of 335 articles.

FIELD OF INTEREST:

Studies of processes of modern sedimentation (aerosols, snow, ice, suspended matter, particle

fluxes, bottom sediments) in the World Ocean, especially in the Arctic Ocean.

MEMBERSHIP in: Russian Aerosol Society, Gesellschaft fuer Aerosolforschung, American

Geophysical Union, Euroscience, Russian Geographical Society, Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer

Polarforschung, European Geosciences Union, Moscow Association of Polar Explorers.

2

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Papers in reviewed journals 1. Lisitsyn A.P., Shevchenko V.P., Vinogradov M.E. et al. Particle fluxes in the Kara Sea and

Ob and Yenisey Estuaries // Oceanology. 1995. V. 34. No. 5. P. 683–693.

2. Jambers W., Smekens A., Van Grieken R., Shevchenko V., Gordeev V. Characterisation of

particulate matter from the Kara Sea using electron probe X-ray micro analysis // Colloids

and Surfaces. A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 1997. V. 120. P. 61–75.

3. Shevchenko V.P., Vinogradova A.A., Ivanov G.I. et al. The distribution and composition of

aerosols in the Western Arctic // Transactions (Doklady) of the Russian Academy of

Sciences. Earth science Sections. 1997. V. 3SSA. No. 6. P. 912–915.

4. Shevchenko V.P., Vinogradova A.A., Ivanov G.I., Serova V.V. Composition of marine

aerosols in the Western Arctic // Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics. 1998. V. 34.

No. 5. P. 597–601.

5. Shevchenko V.P., Lisitzin A.P., Kuptzov V.M. et al. Composition of aerosols in the surface

boundary layer of the atmosphere over the seas of the Western Russian Arctic // Oceanology.

1999. V. 39. No. 1. P. 128–136.

6. Shevchenko V.P., Lisitzin A.P., Vinogradova A.A., Smirnov V.V. et al. Arctic aerosols.

Results of ten-year investigations // Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics. 2000. V. 13. P. 510–

533.

7. Shevchenko V., Lisitzin A., Vinogradova A., Stein R. Heavy metals in aerosols over the seas

of the Russian Arctic // The Science of the Total Environment. 2003. V. 306. P. 11–25.

8. Shevchenko V.P., Stein R., Vinogradova A.A. et al. Elemental composition of aerosols in

the near-water layer of the atmosphere over the Laptev Sea in July–September 1995 //

Oceanology. 2004. V. 44. No. 4. P. 579–587.

9. Shevchenko V.P., Dolotov Y.S., Filatov N.N., Alexeeva T.N. et al. Biogeochemistry of the

Kem’ River estuary, White Sea (Russia) // Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2005. V.

9. P. 57–66.

10. Kravchishina M.D., Shevchenko V.P., Filippov A.S. et al. Composition of suspended

particulate matter at the Severnaya Dvina River mouth (White Sea) during the spring flood

period // Oceanology. 2010. V. 50. P. 365–385.

11. Pokrovsky O.S., Viers J., Shirokova L.S., Shevchenko V.P., Filipov A.S., Dupré B.

Dissolved, suspended, and colloidal fluxes of organic carbon, major and trace elements in the

Severnaya Dvina River and its tributary // Chemical Geology. 2010. V. 273. P. 136–149.

12. Shevchenko V.P., Korobov V.B., Lisitzin A.P. et al. First data on the composition of

atmospheric dust responsible for yellow snow in Northern European Russia in March 2008 //

Doklady Earth Sciences. 2010. V. 431. P. 497–501.

13. Shevchenko V.P., Pokrovsky O.S., Filippov A.S. et al. On the elemental composition of

suspended matter of the Severnaya Dvina River (White Sea Region) // Doklady Earth

Sciences. 2010. V. 430. P. 228–234.

14. Callaghan T.V., Johansson M., Brown R.D., Groisman P.Ya., Labba N., Radionov V.,

Bradley R.S., Blangy S., Bulygina O.N., Christensen T.R., Colman J.E., Essery R.L.H.,

Forbes B.C., Forchhammer M.C., Golubev V.N., Honrath R.E., Juday G.P., Meshcherskaya

A.V., Phoenix G.K., Pomeroy J., Rautio A., Robinson D.A., Schmidt N.M., Serreze M.C.,

Shevchenko V.P., Shiklomanov A.I., Shmakin A.B., Sköld P., Sturm M., Woo M., Wood

E.F. Multiple effects of changes in Arctic snow cover // Ambio. V. 40 (S1). P. 32–45.

15. Fedorov Yu.A., Ovsepyan A.E., Lisitzin A.P., Dotsenko I.V., Novigatskii A.N., Shevchenko

V.P. Patterns of mercury distribution in bottom sediments along the Severnaya Dvina –

White Sea section // Doklady Earth Sciences. 2011. V. 436. P. 99–102.

16. Sazhin A.F., Sapozhnikov F.V., Rat’kova T.N., Romanova N.D., Shevchenko V.P., Filippov

A.S. The inhabitants of the spring ice, under-ice water, and sediments of the White Sea in the

estuarine zone of the Severnaya Dvina River // Oceanology. 2011. V. 51. P. 295–305.

3

17. Gordeev V.V., Shevchenko V.P. Forms of some metals in the suspended sediments of the

Northern Dvina River and their seasonal variations // Oceanology. 2012. V. 52. No. 2. P.

261–270.

18. Maslov A.V., Shevchenko V.P., Ronkin Yu.L., Lepikhina O.P., Novigatskii A.N., Filippov

A.S., Shevchenko N.V. Systematics of Th, Cr, Hf, Co, and rare-earth elements in modern

bottom sediments of the White Sea and lower reaches of the Severnaya Dvina River //


19. Subetto D.A., Shevchenko V.P., Ludikova A.V., Kuznetsov D.D., Sapelko T.V., Lisitsyn

A.P., Evzerov V.Ya., van Beek P., Souhaut M., Subetto G.D. Chronology of isolation of the

Solovetskii Archipelago lakes and current rates of lake sedimentation // Doklady Earth

Sciences. 2012. V. 446. P. 1042–1048.

20. Pokrovsky O.S., Viers J., Dupré B., Chabaux F., Gaillardet J., Audry S., Prokushkin A.S.,

Shirokova L.S., Kirpotin S.N., Lapitsky S.A., Shevchenko V.P. Biogeochemistry of carbon,

major and trace elements in watersheds of northern Eurasia drained to the Arctic Ocean: The

change of fluxes, sources and mechanisms under the climate warming prospective // Comptes

Rendus Geoscience. 2012. V. 344. P. 663–677. 21. Politova N.V., Shevchenko V.P., Zernova V.V. Distribution, composition, and vertical

fluxes of particulate matter in bays of Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, Vigach Island at the end

of summer // Advances in Meteorology. 2012. V, 2012. Article ID 259316. 15 p.

doi:10.1155/2012/259316.

22. Ilyash L.V., Radchenko I.G., Novigatsky A.N., Lisitzin A.P., Shevchenko V.P. Vertical flux

of phytoplankton and particulate matter in the White Sea according to the long-term exposure

of sediment traps // Oceanology. 2013. V. 53. No. 2. P. 192–199.

23. Lisitzin A.P., Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Shevchenko V.P., Budantseva N.A., Krasnova E.D.,

Pantyulin A.N., Filippov A.S., Chizhova Ju.N. Oxygen isotope composition of water and

snow–ice cover of isolated lakes at various stages of separation from the White Sea //


24. Shevchenko V.P., Pokrovsky O.S., Starodymova D.P., Vasyukova E.V., Lisitzin A.P.,

Drovnina S.I., Zamber N.S., Makhnovich N.M., Savvichev A.S., Sonke J. Geochemistry of

terricolous lichens in the White Sea catchment area // Doklady Earth Sciences. 2013. V. 450.

P. 514–520.

Monographs

25. Shevchenko V. The influence of aerosols on the oceanic sedimentation and environmental

conditions in the Arctic. Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung. 2003. No. 464. 149 p.

26. Shevchenko V.P. Influence of aerosols on the environment and marine sedimentation in the

Arctic. Moscow: Nauka, 2006. 226 p. (in Russian).

Other publications

27. Shevchenko V.P., Lisitzin A.P. Stein R. et al. The composition of the coarse fraction of

aerosols in the marine boundary layer over the Laptev, Kara and Barents Seas // Kassens

H. et al. (eds.), Land-Ocean Systems in the Siberian Arctic: Dynamics and History.

Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1999. P. 53–59.

28. Rachold V., Eicken H., Gordeev V.V., Grigoriev M.N., Hubberten H.-W., Lisitzin A.P.,

Shevchenko V.P., Schirmeister L. Modern terrigenous organic carbon input to the Arctic

Ocean // The Organic Carbon Cycle in the Arctic Ocean. R. Stein and R.W. Macdonald

(eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2003. P. 33–55.

29. Wassmann P., Bauerfeind E., Fortier M., Fukuchi M., Hargrave B., Moran B., Noji T.,

Nothig E.-M., Olli K., Peinert R., Sasaki H., Shevchenko V.P. Particulate organic carbon

flux to the Arctic Ocean sea floor // The Organic Carbon Cycle in the Arctic Ocean. R.

Stein and R.W. Macdonald (eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2003. P. 101–138.

CURRICULUM VITAE

Andrey I. Skorokhod, PhD

Born: September 7, 1969 in Chernigov (now Ukraine)

Address: A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (OIAP) RAS,

Pyzhevsky per.3, Moscow 119017, Russia

Tel.: +7-495-951-5387

Fax: +7-495-953-1652

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Current responsibilities - Head of Laboratory of Atmospheric Gaseous Species (LAGS) in OIAP;

- Manager of Ecological Station at Moscow State University;

- Technical Director of world famous TROICA (TRanscontinental Observations

Into the Chemistry of the Atmosphere) Project;

- One of the leaders of Russian-German project of atmospheric chemistry

observations on tall tower in Central Siberia (ZOTTO);

Short background

2013 Leader of air quality assessment Project granted by Russian

Ministry of Education and Science (State Contract #

14.515.11.0004, 190 kEuro)

2011 – till present Head of Laboratory of Atmospheric Gaseous Species (LAGS) in

OIAP

2010-2012 Leader of large atmosphere monitoring Project granted by

Russian Ministry of Education and Science (State Contract #

02.740.11.0676, 270 kEuro)

2007 – till present Leader of OIAP scientific research program at ZOTTO station

2005 – 2010 Manager of ISTC Project # 2770 (Atmospheric Chemistry and

Ecosystems parameters in Central Siberia, 371 kUSD)

2005 – 2009 Vice-Manager of ISTC Project #2773 (Atmospheric Chemistry

over Northern Eurasia, 315 kUSD)

2006-2009 Curator of POLARCAT project within International Polar Year

2007/2009 from OIAP

2002 – till present Manager of Ecological Station in Moscow State University

http://ifaran.ru/

http://ifaran.ru/troica/index.html

http://www.zottoproject.org/index.html

1999 – 2011 Researcher at the A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric

Physics RAS.

1992 - 1999 Researcher at the State Oceanographic Institute, Moscow,

studied chemistry of marine waters and sea ice.

1992-1996 PhD Thesis work on salt composition of the Caspian Sea

waters, diploma of PhD in Geography

1986 - 1992 Department of Geography of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State

University, student, diploma.

Scientific activity:

- Tropospheric air chemistry of boreal zone.

- Sources and sinks of trace gases, emissions

- Air pollution in megacities and it’s assessment.

- Interaction of atmosphere and terrestrial boreal ecosystems, it’s influence on

biogeochemical chemical cycles (carbon, nitrogen)

Awards:

1997, 1999 - Allowance - State Fellowship for Outstanding Young Scientists

2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2013 – Nomination – Russian Government Award in the Field

of Science and Technique

2012 – MAIK publisher award for the best scientific publication in 2011

Other Activities

Participated in numerous International scientific conferences and meetings (US,

Germany, France, Finland, Austria, Norway etc.), in the Meeting of Russia-USA

Working Group on Environmental Problems in 2003.

Took part in expeditions to the Caspian, the Black, the White Seas, the Sea of Azov,

along the Trans-Siberian Railway and other routes (TROICA), in Central Siberia, in

Kalmykia, in the Kola peninsula, in Kislovodsk, in Moscow Region, on the lake Baikal.

Has about 35 publications in international scientific journals.

Main Publications (2010-2013):

N.F. Elansky, O.V. Lavrova, A.A.Rakin, A.I. Skorokhod (2013) Anthropogenic perturbations

of the atmosphere in the Moscow region. Doklady Earth Sciences (in print)

Lokoschenko M.A., N.F. Elansky, A.V.Trifanova, I.B. Belikov, A.I. Skorokhod (2013).

On extreme levels of air pollution in Moscow. Vestnik MGU (in print).

N.F. Elansky, I.B. Belikov, O.V. Lavrova, A.I. Skorokhod, R.A. Shumsky, C.A.M.

Brenninkmeijer and O.A. Tarasova (2012). Train-Based Platform for Observations of the

Atmosphere Composition (TROICA Project), Air Pollution - Monitoring, Modelling and

Health, Dr. Mukesh Khare (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0424-7, InTech, Available from:

http://www.intechopen.com/books/air-pollution-monitoring-modelling-and-health/train-

based-platform-for-observations-of-atmosphere-composition-troica-project-

A.-C. Engvall Stjernberg, A. Skorokhod, N. Elansky, J.D. Paris, A. Stohl. Ozone in Siberia –

air-mass transport and surface interactions. Tellus B 2012, 64, 11607, DOI:

10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.11607.

A. Skorokhod, R. Shumsky, N. Pankratova, K. Moiseenko, A. Vasileva, E. Berezina, and N.

Elansky. Trace gases over Northern Eurasia: background level and disturbing factors.

Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 14, EGU2012-4533, 2012.

N. F. Elansky, I. I. Mokhov, I. B. Belikov, E. V. Berezina, A. S. Elokhov, V. A. Ivanov, N. V.

Pankratova, O. V. Postylyakov, A. N. Safronov and A. I. Skorokhod, et al. Gaseous

admixtures in the atmosphere over Moscow during the 2010 summer// Izvestiya Atmospheric

and Oceanic Physics. 2011, V. 47, Number 6, 672-681, DOI: 10.1134/S000143381106003X

N. F. Elansky, I. I. Mokhov, I. B. Belikov, E. V. Berezina, A. S. Elokhov, V. A. Ivanov, N. V.

Pankratova, O. V. Postylyakov, A. N. Safronov, A. I. Skorokhod, and R. A. Shumsky. Gas

Composition of the Surface Air in Moscow during the Extreme Summer of 2010. Doklady

Earth Sciences, 2011, Vol. 437, Part 1, pp. 357–362, DOI: 10.1134/S1028334X11030020.

Skorokhod A., Ginzburg A. 2011. New Approach for Calculation of Megacity Air Quality

Indexes in Russia. NewsLetters of the FP7 EC MEGAPOLI Project, Issue 12, September

2011, p. 9.

N. F. Elanskii, I. B. Belikov, Academician G. S. Golitsyn, A. M. Grisenko, O. V. Lavrova, N.

V. Pankratova, A. N. Safronov, A. I. Skorokhod, and R. A. Shumckii. 2010. Observations of

the Atmosphere Composition in the Moscow Megapolis from a Mobile Laboratory// Doklady

Earch Science. V. 432. No 1. 649-655.

I. Timkovsky, N. F. Elanskii, A. I. Skorokhod, and R. A. Shumskii. Studying of Biogenic

Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere over Russia. Izvestiya, Atmospheric and

Oceanic Physics, 2010, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 319–327

Languages: English (fluent), German (basic), Ukrainian (fluent), Russian (native)

Personal data: Russian, married, 2 children

http://www.intechopen.com/books/air-pollution-monitoring-modelling-and-health/train-based-platform-for-observations-of-atmosphere-composition-troica-project-

http://www.intechopen.com/books/air-pollution-monitoring-modelling-and-health/train-based-platform-for-observations-of-atmosphere-composition-troica-project-

http://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=N.+F.+Elansky

http://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=I.+I.+Mokhov

http://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=I.+B.+Belikov

http://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=E.+V.+Berezina

http://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=A.+S.+Elokhov

http://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=V.+A.+Ivanov

http://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=N.+V.+Pankratova

http://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=N.+V.+Pankratova

http://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=O.+V.+Postylyakov

http://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=A.+N.+Safronov

http://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=A.+I.+Skorokhod

http://www.springerlink.com/content/0001-4338/

http://www.springerlink.com/content/0001-4338/

http://www.springerlink.com/content/0001-4338/47/6/

1

Curriculum Vitae of Rona Thompson

Date of birth: 18 May 1979 Place of birth: Wellington, New Zealand Nationality: New Zealander Employment record

Senior researcher October 2011 – present NILU, Kjeller, Norway

Post-doctoral researcher January 2009 – September 2011 LSCE, Saclay, France

Post-doctoral researcher May 2005 – December 2008 Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany

PhD student May 2001 – April 2005 Victoria University of Wellington, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand

Research assistant December 2000 – April 2001 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand

Qualifications

• 21 November 2005: PhD in atmospheric chemistry, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand (supervised by Dr. D. Lowe [NIWA], Dr. D. Weatherburn [Victoria University of Wellington], Dr. A. Manning [formerly at Max Planck Institute of Biogeochemistry])

• 1 May 2001: Bachelor of Science Honours (first class) in chemistry, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand

• 18 April 2000: Bachelor of Science, major in chemistry, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand

• December 1996: Secondary school, Bursary (A) in Biology, Calculus, Chemistry, English and Physics, Wellington Girls College, New Zealand

Scholarships and Awards

• 6 September 2004: Victoria University PhD Completion Scholarship • 22 January 2001: Top Achievers Doctoral Scholarship - presented by the

Foundation of Research Science and Technology (FRST) of New Zealand • 25 February 2000: Curtis Gordon Research Scholarship in Chemistry -

presented by Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand • 15 December 1999: Victoria Graduate Award - presented by Victoria

University of Wellington, New Zealand Publications

Peer-reviewed

• R. L. Thompson, F. Chevallier, A. M. Crotwell, G. Dutton, R. L. Langenfelds, R. G. Prinn, R. F. Weiss, Y. Tohjima, T. Nakazawa, P. B. Krummel, L. P. Steele, P. Fraser, K. Ishijima, and S. Aoki, Nitrous oxide emissions 1999 – 2009 from a global atmospheric inversion, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 13, doi:10.5194/acpd-13-

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1-2013, 2013 • R. L. Thompson, E. Dlugokencky, F. Chevallier, P. Ciais, G. Dutton, J. W. Elkins, R.

L. Langenfelds, R. G. Prinn, R. F. Weiss, Y. Tohjima, S. O’Doherty, P. B. Krummel, P. Fraser, and L. P. Steele, Interannual variability in tropospheric nitrous oxide, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1–6, doi:10.1002/grl.50721, 2013

• X. Fang, R. L. Thompson, T. Saito, Y. Yokouchi, J. Kim, S. Li, K. R. Kim, S. Park, F. Graziosi, and A. Stohl, Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) emissions in East Asia determined by inverse modeling, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 13, 21003-21040, 2013

• Broquet, G., Chevallier, F., Bréon, F. M., Alemanno, M., Apadula, F., Hammer, S., Haszpra, L., Meinhardt, F., Necki, J., Piacentino, S., Ramonet, M., Schmidt, M., Thompson, R. L., Vermeulen, A. T., Yver, C., Ciais, P., Regional inversion of CO2 ecosystem fluxes from atmospheric measurements: reliability of the uncertainty estimates, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 13(3), 5769-5804, 2013

• S. Luyssaert, G. Abril, R. Andres, D. Bastviken, V. Bellassen, P. Bergamaschi, P. Bousquet, F. Chevallier, P. Ciais, M. Corazza, R. Dechow, K.H. Erb, G. Etiope, A. Fortems-Cheiney, G. Grassi, J. Hartman, M. Jung, J. Lathière, A. Lohila, N. Moosdorf, S. Njakou Djomo, J. Otto, D. Papale, W. Peters, P. Peylin, P. Raymond, C. Rödenbeck, S. Saarnio, E.D. Schulze, S. Szopa, R. Thompson, P.J. Verkerk, N. Vuichard, R. Wang, M. Wattenbach, S. Zaehle, The European CO2, CO, CH4 and N2O balance between 2001 and 2005, Biogeosciences Discuss., 9(2), 2005-2053, 2012

• Harvey, M. J, Harvey, Mike J., Law, Cliff S., Smith, Murray J., Hall, Julie A., Abraham, Edward R., Stevens, Craig L., Hadfield, Mark G., Ho, David T., Ward, Brian, Archer, Stephen D., Cainey, Jill M., Currie, Kim I., Devries, Dawn, Ellwood, Michael J., Hill, Peter, Jones, Graham B., Katz, Dave, Kuparinen, Jorma, Macaskill, Burns, Main, William. Marriner, Andrew, McGregor, John, McNeil, Craig, Minnett, Peter J., Nodder, Scott D., Peloquin, Jill, Pickmere, Stuart, Pinkerton, Matthew H., Safi, Karl A., Thompson, Rona, Walkington, Matthew, Wright, Simon W., Ziolkowski, Lori A., (2011), The SOLAS air-sea gas exchange experiment (SAGE) 2004, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 58(6), 753-763.

• R. L. Thompson, P. Bousquet, F. Chevallier, P. Rayner and P. Ciais, Impact of the atmospheric sink and vertical mixing on nitrous oxide fluxes estimated using inversion methods, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., doi:10.1029/2011JD015815, 2011

• D. Pillai, C. Gerbig, R. Ahmadov, C. Rödenbeck, R. Kretschmer, T. Koch, R. L. Thompson, B. Neininger, and J. Lavric, High Resolution Simulations of atmospheric CO2 over Complex Terrain - representing the Ochsenkopf mountain tall tower, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 11, 6875–6917, 2011

• R. L. Thompson, C. Gerbig, C. Rödenbeck, A Bayesian inversion estimate of N2O emissions for western and central Europe and the assessment of aggregation errors, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10, 26073–26115, 2010

• M. Corazza, P. Bergamaschi, A. T. Vermeulen, T. Aalto, L. Haszpra, F. Meinhardt, S. O'Doherty, R. Thompson, J. Moncrieff, E. Popa, M. Steinbacher, A. Jordan, E. Dlugokencky, C. Bruhl, M. Krol, and F. Dentener, Inverse modelling of European N2O emissions: Assimilating observations from different networks, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10, 26319–26359, 2010

• R. L. Thompson, A. C. Manning, E. Gloor, U. Schultz, T. Seifert, F. Hänsel, A. Jordan, and M. Heimann, In-situ measurements of oxygen, carbon monoxide and greenhouse gases from Ochsenkopf tall tower in Germany, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 573-591, 2009

• R. L Thompson, M. Gloor, A. C. Manning, D. C Lowe, C. Rödenbeck, C. Le Quéré, Variability in atmospheric O2 and CO2 concentrations in the southern Pacific Ocean and their comparison with model estimates, J. Geophys. Res, 113, G02025, doi: 10.1029/2007JG000554, 2008

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• R. L. Thompson, A. C. Manning, D. C. Lowe and D. C. Weatherburn, A ship-based methodology for high precision atmospheric oxygen measurements and its application in the Southern Ocean region, Tellus, 59, 643-653, 2007

PhD Thesis

• R. L. Thompson, Variations in atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide in the Southern Ocean region from continuous ship-based measurements, PhD thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, 2005

Scientific reports and non peer-reviewed literature

• R. L. Thompson, Studying the South Pacific carbon cycle using atmospheric CO2 and O2 measurements, NZ Science Review, 59 (3&4), 2002

• M. Schulz, R. Thompson, B. Gabrielle, M. Schmidt, V. Prieur, L. Rivier, and S. Lehuger, NTWOO (Network study to improve Top-down and bottom-up modelling of the global Warming potential of N2O emissions Operationally), scientific report, (Project No. ANR-06-BLAN-0237), 2010

• contributor to the: CHIOTTO (Continuous HIgh-precisiOn Tall Tower Observations of greenhouse gases) scientific report, (Project No. EVK2-CT-2002-00163), 2007

Selected Conference Presentations and Abstracts

• R. L. Thompson, F. Chevallier, P. Bousquet, S. Zaehle, L. Bopp, E. Dlugokencky, and R. G. Prinn, Inter-annual variability in atmospheric nitrous oxide over the past 12 years, EGU, Vienna (oral), Geophysical Research Abstract, Vol. 14, EGU2012-13229, 2012

• R. L. Thompson, P. Patra, K. Ishijima, E. Saikawa, M. Corazza, P. Bousquet, D. Hauglustaine, P. Bergamaschi, TransCom N2O Experiment: Assessing the uncertainties in atmospheric inversion estimates of N2O emissions, NCGG6, Amsterdam, November 2011

• R. L. Thompson, S. Castaldi, M. Santini, et al., Global Estimates of N2O Emissions: A comparison of top-down and bottom-up approaches, EGU, Vienna (oral), Geophysical Research Abstract, Vol. 13, EGU2011-8655, 2011

• R. L. Thompson, P. Bousquet, et al., Global and European scale emissions estimated using a variational inversion approach, Nitrogen and Global Change, Edinburgh, Apr-2011

• R. L. Thompson, P. Bousquet, F. Chevallier, et al., Inverse modelling estimates of N2O surface emissions and stratospheric losses using a global dataset, AGU, San Francisco Fall Meeting (oral), Dec-2010

• R. L. Thompson, C. Gerbig, C. Rödenbeck and M. Heimann, Improving estimates of N2O emissions for western and central Europe using a Bayesian inversion approach, EGU, Vienna (oral), Geophysical Research Abstract, Vol. 11, EGU2009-12231-1, 2009

• R. L. Thompson, M. Heimann, F. Hänsel, U. Schultz and T. Seifert, A new observational system for remote in-situ measurements of atmospheric trace gases in Namibia, EGU, Vienna (poster), Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 10, EGU2008-A-08773, 2008

• R. L. Thompson, C. Gerbig, A. Freibauer and M. Heimann, Improving regional flux estimates of trace greenhouse gases in Germany, EGU, Vienna (oral), Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 10, EGU2008-A-08699, 2008

• R. L. Thompson, M. Heimann, M. Gloor and A. C. Manning, In-situ measurements of atmospheric O2, CO and trace greenhouse gases at Ochsenkopf, CarboEurope Meeting, Poznan (poster), Sep-2007

• R. L. Thompson, M. Heimann, A. C. Manning and M. Gloor, Atmospheric

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measurements from the Ochsenkopf Tall Tower: a multi-species approach to studying the carbon cycle, EGU, Vienna (oral), Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 9, 09445, 2007

• R.L. Thompson, A. C. Manning, D. C. Lowe and C. Rödenbeck, Variation in Atmospheric Potential Oxygen in the Southern Ocean Region from Continuous Ship-board Measurements, 7th International Carbon Dioxide Conference, Boulder, USA, (poster), Sep-2005

• R. L. Thompson, A. C. Manning and D. C. Lowe, Atmospheric O2 and CO2 variations from Ship-based Measurements in the Southern Ocean, International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Conference (IGAC), Christchurch, New Zealand (oral), Sep-2004

• R. L. Thompson, D. C. Lowe, D. C. Weatherburn, and A. C. Manning, Continuous atmospheric CO2 and O2 measurements: their application in studying air-sea gas exchange in the Southern Ocean, Young Scientists Conference, Trieste, Italy (oral, invited), Nov-2003

Reviewing

Acted as a reviewer for Geophysical Research Letters, Journal of Geophysical Research, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics and other international journals. Teaching and Public Outreach 2011: Supervised 1st year master thesis (Master 1 de Sciences et Technologie) l’Université de Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France 2000: Tutor of first year chemistry laboratory work, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand (2 hours of teaching per week)

September 2006 and November 2008: Editor of the first and second CarboSchools Educational Booklet, a teaching resource for secondary schools about climate change: http://www.carboeurope.org/education/

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