Master of International Health Care Management, Economics and Policy mihmep

Awonusi Olaitan; Bouchaab Mbarka; Lucibello Ilaria

28.05.2015

FEEDING THE FUTURE THROUGH AGRICULTURE: a project for Myanmar

HEALTH MANAGEMENT & POLICIES IN LOW INCOME COUNTRIES & EMERGING ECONOMIES

Myanmar demographic overview

Largest in mainland country in Southeast Asia: ~ 676.500 Km2

Population 2014: 51,4 Million (82 people/Km2)-54% are farmers

Confines with: Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand

Life expectancy at birth: 65 years

GDP per capita :$1105 and GDP grew by 8.3% in the last two years

Population in poverty: 26% (IHLCA)

Malnutrition in U5: 32%(3rd highest in the world)

Myanmar: agriculture

• Myanmar is traditionally an agricultural country and agriculture sector remains as a major contributor to GDP

• The share of export earnings is about 40%.

• Agriculture sector provides employment to more than 54 % of work force.

• Food security for the people and raw material production for domestic agrobased industries are heavily

dependent on the agricultural sector.

Myanmar: agriculture

• Myanmar set up the millennium development goals targeting 2015

• Significant progress has been achieved in various sectors including agriculture

• Major issues on the future development of agriculture sector :

regional food security,

extension of agricultural land,

enhancing participation of private entrepreneurs in agricultural activities, income generation activities through introducing new crops

encouraging farmers to cultivate environmental friendly crops.

Myanmar: agriculture

Agriculture is the main source of income for household

However, there are some challenges:

• small farm with limited productivity and poor supply chain

• subsistence-level holdings (land ownership)

• low quality input (lack of technology)

• lack of skills

• Post Harvest Loss-20% of production

Needs: stronger financial system, extension of services and farmer

education, supply chain improvement. Strengthening environment more

effective than subsidies

Main production in 2012

1 Rice, paddy

2 Sugar cane

3 Vegetables, fresh nes

4 Beans, dry

5 Maize

6 Fruit, fresh nes

7 Groundnuts, with shell

8 Milk

9 Onions, dry

10 Meat indigenous, chicken

Myanmar: agriculture

Myanmar is a rice-growing country. In past reached notable levels of production.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 % Change

Thailand 7,376 9,557 10,011 8,570 9,500 10,000 5.26

Vietnam 4,705 4,522 4,649 5,950 5,750 5,800 0.87

Pakistan 3,579 2,696 3,900 3,000 3,300 3,600 9.09

US 3,260 3,003 3,219 2,992 3,300 3,350 1.52

India 4,537 6,301 3,383 2,150 2,200 2,500 13.64

Cambodia 350 450 500 800 850 900 5.88

China 1,216 1,340 969 783 850 900 5.88

Myanmar 47 31 541 1,052 600 700 16.67

World 29,098 31,851 29,689 29,147 29,756 31,350 5.36

Currently the post-harvest rice losses are about 10-20% of the total production

Bursting the economy through rice production

• Farmers, families and communities

• Ministry of Agriculture & Irrigation

• Food & Agriculture Organisation

• NGOs and other partners

• Myanmar Farmers’ Association

• Ministry of Commerce

• Ministry of Education & Health

• Ministry of finance

Beneficiaries and stakeholders

Stakeholders Beneficiaries

• Small scale farmers of Bago East, Mandalay and

Sagaing

• Families, communities and leaders

Consequences

Causes

Sickle reaping

Spillage

Low rice production

Harvest loss Poor production

Poor harvesting techniques

Low skills

Pest attack Poor

weather Poor seeds

Low household income

Low exportations

Field stacking

Marauder attack

Poor storage conditions

Poor technologies

Few storage facilities

Poor transport sys

Results

Means

Mechanic reaping

No spillage

High rice production

Good harvest Poor production

Mechanic harvesting

New skills

Pest attack Poor

weather Poor seeds

High household income

High exportations

Improved storage

No marauder

Silos storage

New technologies

New storage facilities

Improved transport sys

Indicators Sources of Verification Assumptions

Objective Increase national income through improved rice production

Increase in the % contribution of rice exportation to GDP from 17.5% to 20% by empowering small scale farmers by 2020

Ministry of finance Ministry of Trade & Commerce Ministry of Agriculture

Purpose Increase volume of rice exported

Annual change in tons of rice exported. From 700 metric tons in 2015 to 1000 metric tons to 2020.

Ministry of Agriculture annual publication on rice exportation Ministry of Trade

Government would have the capacity to manage the increase in rice production as a result of waste reduction and translate it into exportation

Results 1. Reduce post harvest loss by half

Decrease the % difference from 20% post harvest rice loss to 10% from 2015 to 2020 by maintaining same quality of yields from 2014 and training peer educator

Annual sample Surveys d rice harvest and volume sold conducted by the PO between 2015 & 2020 Survey on Number of Peer Educator trained on a quarterly basis

Trainings held would be well received and lead to changes in harvest practices Government and other technical partners would provide necessary inputs (land and human resource) Maintained level rice production

Logic framework matrix

Ref Results & Indicative Activities

Responsibility Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

1.1 Reduce Post Rice Harvest Loss by

Training

Activities

1.11 Conduct

baseline Survey of harvest loss

Extension Workers provided by

Regional Ministry of Agriculture

1.12

Needs Assessment for

training on modern

Harvesting Technique

Project officers

1.13 Design of Training

programme

PO & Regional Ministry of Agriculture

Activities schedule

Ref Results & Indicative Activities

Responsibility Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

1.1 Reduce Post Rice Harvest

Loss

Activities

1.14 Inform

Participants Extension Workers

1.15 Carry out Training

PO & Facilitators

1.16 Monitoring of

training of Peer Educators

PO

Activities schedule

Ref Results & Indicative Activities

Responsibility Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

1.20

Reduce Post Rice Harvest Loss by provision of Silos

and Transportation

Activities

1.21

Conduct baseline survey of storage

and transportation needs

Regional Ministry of Agriculture

1.22

Specification of type of silo and

warehouse transport needed

Regional Ministry of Agriculture

1.23 Review Tenders for

procurement PO and TC

Activities schedule

Ref

Results & Indicative Activities

Responsibility

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

1.20

Reduce Post Rice Harvest Loss by provision of Silos

and Transportation

Activities

1.24 Procurement & Supervision of

Installation

Regional Ministry of Agriculture

1.25 Awareness about availability of silos

and training

PO and Extension workers

1.26 Training of farmers on use of silos and

transport

PO & Contracted facilitators

Activities schedule

Activity Time Schedule Human resources Materials Costs($) Organization Responsible

Person Responsible

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4

1.11 Extension Workers Surveys, Pen,

Transportation 0

Regional Ministry

Director of the Region

1.12 Project Officer,

Ad Hoc Staff

Surveys, Pens, Incentives,

Transportation 2000 Swissaid PO

1.15 6 expat facilitators

PO

Training aids and centres

Honorarium for expats 0 FAo

P0 ,FAO Technical Lead

1.21 PO Surveys, Pens,

Incentives, transportation

2000 Swissaid PO

1.24 PO, Technical installers,

builders

Sillos, Vehicles , Building Materials, Wages of workers

1,100,000 Swissaid + FAO Head, TC

1.26 4 facilitators Training Aids, Training

Centre 0 FAO

PO,FAO Technical Lead

Implementation plan

Activity/Inputs Units Quantity /Planning Period

Source of Fund

Project cost % of cost Recurrent Cost

1.1 Training on modern Harvest Practices

Materials/Equipment 25% Fuel Brochures 20% of total costs

Brochures 1600 100/quarter

Swissaid

$5,000

Training Aids 4 4/Quarter

FAO

0

Vehicles 2 2/Quarter

Swissaid

$100,000

Fuel 1000 lt 1000ltr/Quarter

Swissaid

100,000

Generator 1 10KVA

Swissaid

80,000

Training centre 1 3000/6monthly

Swissaid

50,000

Human Resources 50,000 15%

Facilitators 5 5/Quarter

FAO

0

Drivers 2 2/Quarter

Swissaid

10,000

Local Office 10%

Project officer 1 1 for project period

Swissaid

$37,500

Rent 1 1 per annum

Swissaid

144,000

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Activity/Inputs Units Quantity /Planning Period

Source of Fund

Project cost % of cost Recurrent Cost

1.2 Silos, Transportation and Trainings

Materials and equipment 40%

Fuel for generator & Vehicle, Maintenance, Facilitators for the first year, silo operators for Year 1 & 2

Transport vehicles 6 6 for project period

Swissaid

$120,000

SIlos 3 3 for project period

Swissaid

$1,200,000

Fuel 6 6 for project period

Swissaid

100,000

Generator 2000ltr

2000ltrs /quarter

Swissaid

80,000

Training centre 6 6 for the project period

Swissaid

50,000

Human resources 1 10% 35% of project cost

Facilitators 4 1 /quarter

FAO

0

Drivers 6 6 for project period

Swissaid

25,000

Re

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• Policy Support:

- Policies granting extension workers more power to monitor

- Budget for maintenance

• Appropriate Technology:

-Harvesting practices would involve the use of affordable existing local technologies with new techniques

• Economic/Financial:

-Sensitivity analysis of Cost /Benefit

• Environmental Considerations

- Low energy consumption Silos

- Vehicles are hybrid to limit emission of gas

• Socio-Cultural & Gender Issues:

-Equal opportunity to Genders

-Reserved slots for women

Sustainability

• Myanmar economy is mainly based on agriculture

• Agriculture relies mainly on small farms

• Productivity in small scale farm is low

• Losses happen because of poor post-harvesting handling

• Related ongoing project: Hard work, but successful

Ensuring the work bears fruit

Increasing productivity through reduction of post-harvest losses will sustain export and increase household income.

Conclusion