project man. new

8/7/2019 project man. new

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SUPREME POULTRY PRODUCTS

August 2010

A company dedicated towards the sale of poultry products.

Partners:

Nitish Harihar - 07BME142

Ravikiran - 07BME143

Neelesh - 07BME133

Poorna Nanda Reddy - 07BME148

Sri Datta Reddy - 07BME144

Nishant Kumar - 07BME137

Naveen Kumar - 07BME144

__________________________________________________________________________________

Contact : Tel: +919786011444 Mail:[email protected]

________________________________________________________________


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CONTENTS

Sl. No. TITLE PAGE No.

1 REASONS FOR SELECTING THE POULTRY INDUSTRY

PRESENT MARKET FORLAYERS IN INDIA

DESCRIPTION OF A LAYER

WHAT WILL OURBUSINESS ACCOMPLISH FOROURCUSTOMERS?

WHAT WILL OURBUSINESS ACCOMPLISH FOROURINVESTORS?

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

MEANINGOF LOGO

3

2 MANAGEMENT PROFILEDUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

Head Sales Department

Head Administration

Head Production

Head TransportationDepartment

Head Purchase and Inventory

Head Human Resources

Head Bio Security and Quality Testing

7

3 PROPOSED GANTT CHART 11

4 LITERATURE REVIEW

The basic fundamentals

Shed size calculation for chick grower

Shed size calculation for grower

Shed size calculation for layer


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REASONS FOR SELECTING THE POULTRY INDUSTRY

PRESENT MARKET FOR LAYERS IN INDIA

Egg being an excellent source of proteins is fast becoming a favourite food item. India, today

is the fourth largest egg producer in the world. The layer segment in India is all set to grow

and is currently estimated at Rs. 10,000 crores. According to the Ministry of Agriculture,

Indias egg production is estimated at 47.3 billion eggs per annum. Today, with more and

more eggetarians on the rise, egg consumption is growing at 8% - 10% annually.

The overall global demand for eggs is growing, more in India. With rapidly changing

lifestyles, affluent culture, and a conscious need for general wellness, Indian consumers are

now opting for a more protein-rich diet. The changing trends are definitely a boon for the

layer sector in India.

Today, Indias per capita egg consumption is at 41 billion eggs per annum. Over the last

couple of years, the per capita consumption of eggs has increased at an aggregate of 4% with

a majority consumption recorded in the urban areas. Efforts to promote egg consumption are

in place by layer farming community in India to achieve 180 billion eggs per annum in the

coming years. Keeping this target in mind, the requirement for production is estimated at

18,000 crores (180 billion) eggs, while the current rate is capable of achieving only 46.2

billion eggs. This provides for a huge opportunity to tap into. With rapid urbanization, and

increasing demand from the present 250 million economically strong, consumer market base

(which is likely to go up to 350 million by year 2010), the future is only bright for the layer

sector in India. It is estimated that, at present, Indian Poultry Industry contribution to the

GDP is about Rupees 80 billion which is likely to reach Rupees 500 billion by the Year 2012.

Affluent lifestyles and rapid development in the retail and food service industries is expected

to fuel the growth as targeted by The National Committee on Human Nutrition in India.

Adding to this is the health conscious Indian shifting from a carbohydrate to a protein-rich

diet.


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In addition, the Indian consumers preference is increasing for clean, safe, hygienic nutritious

and properly packed, labelled and presentable food products including eggs. Introduction of

modern state of-the-art technology in processing, packaging, labelling, preservation of eggs is

required to improve quality" for domestic and export markets. With economic liberalization

and free trade under WTO, the domestic products have to maintain "quality" to face the stiff

competition from imported foreign poultry food products. Also, the demand for branded or

specialty eggs is fast growing at an estimated rate of 40 50% per annum. Branded or

specialty eggs offer innovative products to the consumer. These range from eggs that are low

in cholesterol, to those fortified with vitamins, protein, iron and other everyday essential

nutrients. This category is growing steadily in large cities with a huge potential consumer

base.

Hence, this provides us a potential to tap into and develop into a large and profitablebusiness.


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DESCRIPTION OF A LAYER

A layer is a subsidiary unit of a poultry farm. It deals with the growth of pullets into adult

chicken and production of eggs from the same. The layer is a usually built as a shed where

there are two sections. One for the growth of the pullets and the other for the production of

eggs. The pullets are usually grown in open areas under the shed and are supplied with a high

protein diet. On reaching the adult stage they are transferred into caged structures where with

the help of light stimulation, feed and humidity moderation eggs may be procured.

One main check point for this industry is the Bio Security. This deals mainly with the

health, hygiene and welfare of the chicken. Hence, usually there is a veterinarian doctor on

site always. However the work involved in this industry can be fulfilled with unskilled labour

as the jobs and processes are of very simple understanding.

Figure 1.1 : An air-conditioned poultry farm


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WHAT WILL OUR BUSINESS ACCOMPLISH FOR OUR CUSTOMERS?

Since our business is directly integrated in the food supply our customers benefit from fresh

stock of eggs at an affordable price. As in general the population is growing, there is

definitely going to be a demand for any basic food commodity meat included. Hence, our

customers the general public and society in general is benefited with our product. Also, we

have plans of entering the retail section of the market where eggs may be packaged and the

quality is ensured.

WHAT WILL OUR BUSINESS ACCOMPLISH FOR OUR INVESTORS?

At our unit, all the seven of us may be termed as investors as each of us have generated

capital and invested in this company and hence the each of us hold a 14.28 % share in the

overall profit or losses. Since we are investors in this firm it gives us a higher driving force to

ensure the success of the unit.

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Our company, Supreme Poultry Products will be established to cater to the growing

demand in poultry products such as Broiler Chicken, Layer, Hatcheries and Fertile egg

breeding, Egg yolk powder production, Egg white powder production and retail sales of the

same.

However our first venture is to establish a Layer Farm where female chicks are reared for egg

laying. Our business involves the rearing of female chicks (known as pullets), production of

eggs and sale of eggs and pullets.


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MEANING OF OUR LOGO

Our logo is self explanatory. As it can be seen our logo comprises of both the chicken and the

egg which is the base foundation of the poultry industry. As our company is dedicated to

make such products pertaining to the poultry industry alone we have designed such a logo.

The word Supreme as it explains by itself shows a superior name. Since our main objective is

to develop our poultry industry into one of the pioneer industrys in the sector the name

Supreme stands fit.


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Director, Head Production

Duties and Responsibilities:

1. Is to have extensive knowledge in layer farming.2. Is to execute the various production techniques to improve the production per chicken3. Should develop new methodologies to improve egg production4. Should have a good knowledge in the conveyor and packing systems5. If there is a lag in the production of eggs, must inform to the other concerned

departments to solve the problem

6. Should maintain all the records regarding mortality and production per 20 chicken7. Should have knowledge in temperature, humidity, water and feed systems and their

respective regulations.

Director, Head Administration


1. Should have managerial skills mostly in record, file preparation and workforcemanagement.

2. He should be aware of the various financial transactions of the company and shouldmaintain all the financial data regarding the same.

3. He should have an efficient mode of communication between the other departments ashis job entitles deputation of work to the other departments.

4. Should maintain all the files and records of the production and forward to the salesdepartment for despatch notifications.

5. He must be capable to mobilize funds, workforce as an when it is needed


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Director, Head Transportation Department


1. Should be aware of the different modes of transportation.2. He should analyse the cost-time study and must be aware of the most economic way of

transportation with minimum losses.

3. Should have direct and good contact with different transport agencies as there is a growth oftrust.

4. Should be aware of the different routes to distant places.5. Should have strong negotiation skills

Director, Head Purchase and Inventory


1. Should maintain records of indent, purchase orders, delivery challans and inventory charts ofall the commodities in the unit.

2. Should indicate to the other departments when there is a deficit in the no. Of available items.3. Should have a strong knowledge of the areas where he can buy products.4. This calls for very strong negotiation skills5. Should be able to mobilize the funds and transport for the purchase of new items and is

responsible for its maintenance including the delivery

Director, Head Human Resources


1. Should be aware of the different workforce necessities of the unit.2. Should have knowledge in salary fixations and its impact3. Should be responsible when it comes to salary increments and its impact


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Director, Head Bio Security and Quality Testing


1. Should be aware of all the bio-security threats in the unit.2. This includes a wide knowledge in the diseases and the its cure and after effects.3. Should continuously dedicate time to check for discrepancies and call for assistance as and

when required.

4. Should be aware of all egg quality testing methods5. Should intimate to the production department if there may be any changes required.


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PROPOSED GANTT CHART

DURATION WORK TO BE DONE

A B C D E F G H

Aug, 3rd

Week X

Aug, 4th

Week X

Sep, 1st

Week X

Sep, 2nd

Week X

Sep, 3rd Week X

Sep, 4th Week X X

Oct, 1st

Week X

Oct, 2nd Week X

Oct, 3rd

Week X

Oct, 4th

Week X

Nov, 1st Week X

A Complete literature review of all the processes, inventory to be bought and workforce reqd.

B Survey of land

C Call for quotations for the required inventory, medicines, feed, cages, conveyor systems,

packaging systems, transportation agencies, etc. And call for employment through

advertisements.

D Make ready a water supply with the reqd. Specifications for the chicken

E Formation of all internal administration procedures

F Appointment of various working personnel at the site

G Purchase of required inventory, medicines, feed, cages, conveyor systems, packaging systems,

transportation agencies, etc.

H Purchase of live pullets

From the next chapters, the topics will be dealt as mentioned in the gantt chart.


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LITERATURE REVIEW

The 3rd

week of august was spent in understanding the concept of layer farming. We had visited Sri

Krishna Poultry Farms at Namakkal to further improve our understanding of the concept of layer

farming. We had visited their chick growers, grower and layer. We also witnessed the post-mortem

being done and we saw the different viruses that were present and can attack. The Director Mr.

Karthick was very helpful to take us around and show us the complete working of the industry. Let us

analyse each and every step and as we proceed you will be able to understand our methodology of

production. Also, we have decided to start our layer with 1,00,000 ( 1 lakh ) birds.


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Chick Grower

Grower is a bird housing facility made up of sheet ceiling material. Here the bird is reared for 8

weeks. A protein and glucose rich diet is fed to the chicken to facilitate its rapid growth. Here the shed

is designed in such a way that the overall length is large and width is small so as to facilitate the

penetration of the suns rays and easy ventilation. The sides of the shed are covered with a wire fence

of not more than 9 sqcm area. This helps to keep out rodents and harmful animals such as snakes,

mongooses etc. Found in the region. As an additional safety it is made sure that the height of the

grower is atleast 5 feet above the ground level. Here chicks are brought ( 1 day old ) and are placed in

cages of 30 x 30 x 30 cm. 4 chicks are placed in each cage and hence there will be a requirement for

20,000/4 = 5000 cages .

Size calculation for the chick grower:

No. Of cages: 5000

No. Of rows: 4

No. Of layers: 5

Therefore each layer will have: 5000/4/5 = = 250

Floor area of each cage is: 30 x 30 cm = 900 sqcm = 1.4 sqft.

Total floor area of each row: 1.4 x 250 x 5 = = 1750 sqft.

Total floor area only for cages: 1750 x 4 = = 7000 sqft.

No. Of alleys: = = 5

Area of each alley: 2 x 250 x 1.18 = = 590 sqft.

Total area for alleys: 590 * 5 = = 2950 sqft.

Breadth of the grower: [{2+(1.18*5)}*4] + 2 = 33.6 feet .. approx 35 feet

Therefore length of the grower = Total area / width

Total Area = 7000 sqft. + 2950 sqft.

= 9950 sqft

Effective length of the grower = 9950 / 35 = 284.3 feet .. approx 285 feet

On either side of the grower a length of 25 feet is to be left for storage, entrance space etc.


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Therefore total length of the grower = 285 + 25 + 25 = 335 feet .. approx 350 feet

Therefore we have arrived with the total area of a grower to rear 20,000 chicks at a time.

Length = 350 feet

Breadth = 35 feet

Grower

Grower is a bird housing facility made up of sheet ceiling material. Here the bird is reared from 8

weeks to 16 weeks. A protein rich diet is fed to the chicken to facilitate its rapid egg production. Here

the shed is designed in such a way that the overall length is large and width is small so as to facilitate

the penetration of the suns rays and easy ventilation. The sides of the shed are covered with a wire

fence of not more than 9 sqcm area. This helps to keep out rodents and harmful animals such as

snakes, mongooses etc. Found in the region. As an additional safety it is made sure that the height of

the grower is atleast 7 feet above the ground level. Here grown pullets are brought from the chick

grower and housed for a period of 8 weeks. At a time only 20,000 birds move from the chick grower.

Size of the cages are 35 x 35 x 35 cm. 4 chicks are placed in each cage and hence there will be a

requirement for 20,000/4 = 5000 cages . The whole concept of differentiating the chick grower and

grower is so that the management of the chicks is easier. This topic will be explained at a later stage.

Size calculation for the grower:

No. Of cages: 5000

No. Of rows: 4

No. Of layers: 5







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Size calculation for the layer:

No. Of cages: 5000

No. Of rows: 4

No. Of layers: 5






Area of each alley: 2 x 250 x 1.57 = = 785 sqft.

Total area for alleys: 785 * 5 = = 3925 sqft.

Breadth of the layer: [{2+(1.57*5)}*4] + 2 = 41.4feet .. approx 45 feet

Therefore length of the layer: = Total area / width

Total Area = 12500 sqft. + 3925 sqft.

= 16425 sqft

Effective length of the layer = 16425 / 45 = 365 feet .approx 375 feet

On either side of the grower a length of 25 feet is to be left for storage, entrance space etc.

Therefore total length of the grower = 375 + 25 + 25 = 425 feet .. approx 450 feet

Therefore we have arrived with the total area of a layer to rear 20,000 chicks at a time.

Length = 450 feet

Breadth = 45 feet


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METHODOLOGY OF PRODUCTION AND ROTATION OF PULLETS

The methodology of production and pullet rotation is done on a closed loop basis where there is at any

point of time an effective 1 lakh pullets laying eggs. Hereunder is our proposed methodology and year

plan.

The first box on the left is the chick grower followed by the grower followed by 5 layers.

Day 0 , Week 0

Here 20000 chicks are brought to the chick grower

Week 8

Here 20000 chicks are brought to the chick grower and the existing 20000 move to the grower

Week 16

Here 20000 chicks are brought to the chick grower and the existing 20000 move to the grower and the

existing 20000 chicks in the grower move to the Layer 1

Week 24




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Week 32



Week 40


existing 20000 chicks in the grower move to the Layer 4. However there is no new input of chicks

into the chick grower.

Week 48


existing 20000 chicks in the grower move to the Layer 5. However there is no new input of chicks

into the chick grower and the grower . Hence now we have a full working capacity of 1,00,000

pullets.

Week 56

Working capacity of 1,00,000 pullets is there and production is done. However since pullets are culled

at age 72 , to compensate we begin purchasing of the 20,000 chicks again from the hatchery to our

chick grower


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Week 64

Production continues. Another 20,000 chicks are bought and the process continues.

Week 72

Chicken are culled at 72 weeks. Hence Layer 1 is refilled from the chick grower. Thus the process

starts again.

INVENTORY TO BE BOUGHT

Hereunder are the list of material, equipment, housing and other accessories required for the poultry

farm. However, this list includes all the accessories required other than the building materials.

Sl.No. Name of the item Dimensions Size - Configuration No.

1. Cage (CG) 30cm x 30cm x 30cm 5000

2. Cage (G) 35cm x 35cm x 35cm 5000

3. Cage (L) 5 in number 40cm x 40cm x 40cm 250004. Feed trough

(CG)

Half of the standard PVC pipe

No. Or rows = 4

No. Of layers = 5Length of a row = {250*30}/30.4 = 246 feet

Total no. Of layers = 20

Total length = 20*246 = 4920 feetTherefore total effective length of pvc tube

= 2460 feet

Size of the pipe = 3 inch

Length of each PVC pipe = 20 feet

123 lengths

5. Feed trough

(G)

Half of the standard PVC tube

No. Or rows = 4No. Of layers = 5Length of a row = {250*35}/30.4 = 288 feetTotal no. Of layers = 20

Total length = 20*288 = 5760 feet

Therefore total effective length of pvc tube= 2880 feet


Length of each PVC tube = 20 feet

144 lengths


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Sl.No. Name of the item Dimensions Size - Configuration No.

6. Feed trough(L)

Half of the standard PVC tubeNo. Or rows = 4

No. Of layers = 5Length of a row = {250*40}/30.4 = 330 feet

Total no. Of layers = 20Total length = 20*330 =6600 feet




(165*5)= 825 lengths

7. Egg trough(G)

Half of the standard PVC tubeNo. Or rows = 4

No. Of layers = 5

Length of a row = {250*35}/30.4 = 288 feetTotal no. Of layers = 20

Total length = 20*288 = 5760 feet




144 lengths

8. Egg trough(L)

Half of the standard PVC tubeNo. Or rows = 4No. Of layers = 5

Length of a row = {250*40}/30.4 = 330 feetTotal no. Of layers = 20

Total length = 20*330 =6600 feet

Therefore total effective length of pvc tube

= 3300 feetSize of the pipe = 3 inchLength of each PVC tube = 20 feet

(165*5)= 825 lengths

9. NippleDrinker pipe Total length in the whole poultry farm= (4920) + (5760) + (6600*5) = 43680 feet

Length of each tube = 20 feet

Size of each tube = inch

2184 lengths

10. Drinking Nipple Total cages in the poultry farm = 35,000Each cage has 2 drinkers

70,000 +1000( buffer stock)

11. Fly Poison To kill the fly menace at a poultry farm 50 kg

12. Egg trays For a daily production of 1,00,000N

o. Of eggs per tray = 30Total trays required for a day = 3,400

For a period of 7 days = 23,800

23,800 trays

13. Aprons Custom to our size 15 nos.

14. Thermometer andhumidity meter

Each house will have 2 devices 14 nos.


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15. Nylon sheet Total effective length

= (350*2)+(380*2)+(450*2*5)= 700+760+4500=5960 feetBreadth of each sheet = 10 feet

5960 feet

.

16. Bulb Tungsten Bulbs ( to maintain temperature if

cold)

10 cages get one bulbTotal no. Of cages = 3500035000/10 = 3500

Wattage of the bulb is 40 watts

Will be placed at a height of 9 feet

3500 + 100

( buffer stock ) =

3600 nos.

WORKFORCE REQUIRED

The majority of the workforce is unskilled labour. Hence weve decided on the following

Major Duties of the unskilled labourer:

1. Maintain correct water supply and to see to that there is no clogging in the nipple drinkers2. Maintain correct feed level in the feed trough3. Keep a close eye on the health of the chicken ( to find any difference in their behaviour)4. Keep a watch on the temperature and the humidity level ( dry bulb ) inside the house5. To inform the head production if there is any change in the humidity or temperature levels6. To clean and remove the waste that is produced by the chicks7. To place the produced eggs into the egg trays

No. Of personnel per house = 2

Total no. Of houses = 7

Total no. Of unskilled labour = 14

Major Duties of a supervisor:

1. To see to that they maintain attendance and work charts of the unskilled labourer2. To get work done whenever necessary by the labourers3. To keep an account of the eggs produced and stored in the warehouse4. To maintain vaccination schedules and keep in touch with the head bio security5. To prepare daily reports of the production, inventory used, feed used, medicine used and

breakages if any.

No. Of supervisors = 2


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Major Duties of a veterinarian:

1. To ensure the health of the chick2. To take necessary steps to curb disease infestation and its spread.3. To maintain and administer the medicines and vaccines

Veterinarian = 1

SURVEY OF LAND

Layer farms or poultry farms in general require a certain bandwidth of temperature and humidity.

Hence, in India if we observe , the poultry farms are concentrated to some locations. In the south,

there is Bangalore, Chittor, Mysore, Namakkal. Namakkal is the only region which is very suitable for

poultry management. Hence, it was decided that we search for land in an around Salem. Salem is 60

kilometres from Namakkal.

If we consider the size of the plot, we have decided to go for a 9 acre plot which is square or

rectangular in shape. This is decided this way because there has to be a minimum distance of 40 feet

between two houses to prevent the spread of diseases.

The detailed design is explained.


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DISEASES OCCURING AT POULTRY FARMS

Disease is impairment from normal function of body organs or any part of body. Many factors like

nutritional deficiency, injury, toxicity, stress, infectious agent, etc can cause disease. The outbreak of

disease and its severity depends on factors like numbers and type of virulent agent, its route of entry

and defence status of bird, also nutritional, genetic ability, environment, etc play important role. Theinfectious agent can be categorized as below.

Bacterial:

*Avian Salmonellosis

Its caused by one or many members ofSalomonella bacteria. Most harmful being S. pullorum and S.

gallinarum. S. pullorum infects mainly through hatching eggs, cannibalism, egg eating, through

wound and contaminated feed and water.

- Chicks hatched from infected eggs are sleepy, show weakness, in appetence, shrill cry whiledefecating, have chalky white diarrhoea, show exhaustion, huddling, sometimes respiratory

distress, retarded growth and poor feathering. Usually heavy mortality during first few weeks.

Avian pasteurellosis or Fowl cholera

Usually appears when new flock is added to present flock. Contaminant like crates, feed bags,

infected pullets, also insects acts as vector. In flock transmission is by contaminated feed , water and

by nasal and oral discharges.

- Birds show temp. anorexia, mucous discharge from mouth, green diarrhoea, cyanosis of comband wattles, torticollis, pink or red shanks, etc.In chronic cases swelling of wattles, sinuses

and tracheal rales is seen.

*Infectious coryza

The disease is mainly of multi age group farms and carrier birds are main source of infection.

Outbreak is fast and seen within 1-3 days.

- Sinuses and nasal passage has serous to mucoid discharge, respiratory rales are seen, catarrhalconjunctivitis and subcutaneous edema of face and wattles, diarrhoea, reluctant to eat, drop in

production and foul odour is common. There is low mortality but high morbidity.


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Avian mycoplasmosis

Its quite common in poultry and spreads by contact, air borne, dust and dropping, contaminated

equipments, etc. Spread of disease can take 1-3wks

- Its characterized by tracheal rales, nasal discharge, sneezing,loss of body weight, decreasefeed intake and production, foaming of eye secretions, swelling of sinuses, loss of bodyweight. Mortality is high in young pullets due to complication with secondary infection with

e.coli and viral disease, which leads to chronic respiratory disease.

Gangrenous dermatitis or wing-rot

Its acute disease. Injury, Clostridium bacteria presence and immune suppression enhance chances of

outbreak. It occurs spontaneously around 6-12 wks age. It usually starts with small pimple on skin and

soon progresses to involve larger area. Birds with wing-rot have moist raw dark area where underline

muscle is exposed. The breast, wing, rump, abdomen area is commonly involved. Blood tinged jelly

like fluid may be found underneath skin.

*Escherichia coli

This include infections like Colibacillosis, peritonitis, salphingitis, omphalitis, air saculitis, etc.

- This is most common bacterial infection and the organism is normal inhabitants ofgastrointestinal tract. Most important route is fecal contamination of feed,water and litter as

well as dust.In commercial farms mostly seen due to stress conditions.

Mushy chick disease

When e.coli infects yolk sac there is edema and infection of yolk sac. Infected chicks die with-in 1

st

wk of hatch. Low brooding temp. and starvation increases omphalitis cases.

Air saculitis

Its characterized by air sac infection along with pericarditis and perihepatitis. Inhalation of infected

dust and high ammonia level increases reproductive form of disease. It causes severe economic losses

due to mortality and condemnation of carcass.

Pericarditis

Its sequalae to e.coli septicemia, usually associated with myocarditis and perihepatitis.

Coligranuloma

Its characterized by granuloma of liver, ceca. duodenum and mesentry but not spleen.


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Viral:

Newcastle disease/ Raniket

Classified as velogenic, mesogenic and lentogenic depending on virulence. Mostly air borne diseases.

Seen in five clinical forms.

Doyles form

Its acute and birds die without showing any symptoms and sign in 2-4 days, causes by velogenic

strains and mortality about 90%.Greenish diarrhoea, tremers of muscles, torticollis, listlessness and

paralysis of wing and legs is seen.

Beach,s form

Very acute and spreads very fast.Birds show respiratory symptoms like dyspnoea, sneezing, gasping,

in appetence, drop in production, paralysis seen and high mortality in immature birds.

Beaudette,s form

Acute respiratory disease of adult birds characterized by coughing but rarely gasping, feed intake and

production decreases and internal quality of eggs is affected and is caused by mesogenic strains.

Mortality is seen in young birds but adult birds usually wont die.

Hitchners form

Mild form and may go unnoticed in adults its caused by lentogenic strains and respiratory signs

visible only on close observations. If complicated with bacterial infection mortality is high

Avian encephalomyelitis

Mainly egg borne can also spread due to direct or indirect contact. Usually chicks between 1-2 wks

show dullness, ataxia, sitting on hocks, fine tremor of head and neck. Mortality is mainly due to birds

not being able to eat and drink. In adults only drop in production no nervous signs.

Egg drop syndrome

Chicken though is not natural host and in commercial conditions outbreak is rare. When there is

horizontal transmission, there is loss of colour in pigmented eggs and then production of thin shell,

soft shelled and shell-less eggs. The thin shelled eggs have paper like texture or granular roughening

on one side of egg.

Avian pox

Mainly transmission of virus is by injury or broken skin.


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Cutaneous form

Lesion are seen mainly on wattles and comb as local epithelial hyperplasia followed by nodule

formation which is wart like. These nodules became rough and grey or brown in colour. Also seen on

legs and feet. This is followed by scab formation and desquammation of epithelial layers. When scab

falls off, a smooth scar is left.

Diphtheritic form

There is white opaque nodules on mucous membrane which enlarges and forms like a plug. Mostly

seen plugging trachea. It might extend at sinuses, pharynx. larynx and oesophagus.

Infectious bursal disease/Gumboro

This being highly contagious is most feared. Water,feed and dropping spread disease. Its very fast

spreading. Its also self limiting. Mortality peaks on 4-5th

days and receeds 7-10 days post attack.

There is white diarrohoea, anorexia, pecking of vent. depression, dehydration, ruffled feathers.

trembling, tucked-up appearance and heavy mortality. Usually seen 3rd

-8th

wk age.

Laryngotracheitis

Mechanical means like equipments and litter spreads disease, also airborne, ingestion, intraocular,etc.

- There is nasal discharge, moist tracheal rales, gasping, blood stained mucus from mouth insevere cases, watery eyes, conjunctivitis, unthriftyness, reduced egg production. Mostly adults

recovers from mild form of disease in 2 wks.

Avian infectious bronchitis

Chicken is the main host and disease is spread mainly by air. Spreads fast and young birds show

prominent respiratory signs like gasping, sneezing, tracheal rales and nasal discharge. Chicks huddle

under the brooder. Sinus swelling might be seen. Pullets show retarded growth and feed consumption.

Older birds show decrease in egg production. The external and internal quality egg is affected. The

egg shell is soft, misshapen or rough. Albumin is watery, yolk separates from albumin or albumin

sticks to shell membrane. Serous exudates in nasal passage and sinuses is seen.

*Mareks disease and Lymphoid leucosis

They are virus induced neoplastic disease. Mareks is transmitted by direct or indirect contact between

birds, affected feather follicles, poultry house dust and carrier birds. Its takes 4 wks to show

symptoms.

- At start there is asymmetric paralysis and later complete paralysis of one or both legs. If wingis involved then its characterized by dropping of wing, there can be drooping of neck,

paralysis and dilation of crop, if sciatic nerve is involved then sportsman posture i.e one leg

stretched forward one leg backwards. In acute cases severe depression is seen. Birds are

emaciated and dehydrated. When eyes are involved causes pearl like appearance of eye,

opacity of iris and also swelling of feather follicles and sloughing of feathers is seen.


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Lymphoid leucosis is seen usually after lay starts. Clinically not seen before 15 wks and takes 14-

30wks for symptoms to develop. Incidence is max. at around sexual maturity and pale, cyanotic comb,

emaciation, in appetence is seen. Abdomen is enlarged and liver enlarges and can be felt on palpation.

Chicken Anemia Virus

Its acute disease usually of young chicks and is characterized by depression, anorexia, anaemia,

paleness, loss of weight, haemorrhages and sudden rise in mortality. It depresses immune-system. Its

can spread vertically and horizontally. Infected birds shed virus upto 5 wks. Horizontal spread is

through feed and air.

Influenza

It has highly variable clinical signs and outbreak pattern. Respiratory signs are most common,

depression,high to mild drop in production. In severe cases green diarrhoea, cyanosis of comb and

wattles, also edema of head, nasal discharge, discoloration of shank and feet seen.

Coccidiosis

Important disease as it causes great financial losses. If mild attack it causes weight loss, reduced feed

intake. Severe outbreak leads to heavy mortality. Its transmitted through ingestion of sporulated

oocysts. Farm labours shoes, hand, clothing serves source to transmit oocysts. Its rare to see disease

in less than 11 day old bird. Affected birds are pale, dull. sleepy while standing, show ruffled feathers,

birds tends to stand in corner, retracted head, initial dark brown later bloody droppings and

emaciation.

Fungal:

Aspergillosis

It produces toxin which are hem toxic, neurotoxin and histotoxic. Infected hatcher and incubator are

main source of contamination. Spores in air transmits infection. Birds show dyspnoea, gasping.

polypnoea, emaciation, increase thirst and disease usually gets complicated by viral respiratory

diseases.

Parasitic:

External

Fleas, lice, bugs, flies, beetles, mites, ticks

- Birds infested with external parasites show scratching and preening also there will be drop inproduction. Area like feathers around vent, legs, wing and neck reveals parasites.


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Internal

Pinworm, Roundworm, Tapeworm. All causes drop in production and loss of body weight, increase

feed intake.

BIO-SECURITY AT OUR POULTRY FARM

Bio security in poultry farming is of extreme importance as it effects the overall physical health of the

poultry and financial health of the poultry farmers. Bio security means taking steps to ensure good

hygiene practices are in place so that the risk of a disease occurring or spreading is minimised. Good

bio security should be practiced at all times, not just during a disease out break. Taking the right

measures can help protect your birds, your business, the industry and the community.

Good bio security helps keep out exotic poultry diseases such as avian influenza and Newcastle

disease ( These are easily commutable ). It also reduces the risk of zone oriented diseases such as

salmonella becoming established. It limits the occurrence and spread of diseases and helps to protectyour neighbours , public health and the villages. It improves overall flock health and cuts cost of

diseases treatment, reduces losses which could improve farm profitability.

Bio security has three major components isolation, traffic control & sanitation. Isolation refers to the

confinement of the animals within a controlled environment. A fence keeps yours birds in , but it also

keeps other animals out. A poultry premises should be fenced and as a matter of principle the outside

traffic(human beings/vehicles) should not be allowed to enter the premises except when it is a must.

In such an event the outsider entering the premises must pass through a cess pool of water containing

disinfectant to guard against any outside infection.

Infectious diseases can be spread from farm to farm by:

Introduction of diseased birds

Introduction of healthy birds who have recovered from disease but are now carriers

Shoes and clothing of visitors or labourers who move from flock to flock

Carcasses of dead birds that have not been disposed of properly

Impure water , such as surface drainage water

Rodents, wild animals and free flying birds

Insects

Contaminated feed and feed bags

Contaminated delivery trucks


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Contaminated premises through soil or old litter

Important points

The space between the sheds should be kept free from the accumulation of stagnant water/weed

growth which are breeding ground of bacteria. Spreading of dry lime powder (CHUNNA) is a good

practice to achieve this objective. Soon after the disposal of old flock and before arrival of new flock

the bird cages must be air water jetted and burnt with the gas flame to take care of any infectious

material sticking on to them. The shed should be thoroughly cleaned, whitewashed, disinfected and

fumigated.

Bio security checklist

Properly implemented bio security measures will limit the spread of disease causing organism. When

these are combined with cleaning and disinfection, vaccination and strategic treatments, many

pathogens can be reduced to non-infectious levels. Remember different infectious agents spread by

different methods , so use appropriate measures against each type

Site location and design, and density of poultry in a given geographical area are vital. When planning

in newsite, there is the opportunity for very effective bio security to be implemented at the design

stage. However bio security practices must concern themselves with practicalities, rather than a

theoretically ideal set up. All sites have traffic-personnel, feed, stock and equipments but this should

be kept to an absolute minimum. Only essentials vehicles should have access to a site, and these

should be disinfected on arrival. Priority should be given to bio security measures on breeding sites

since errors here are magnified greatly at the commercial sites. Site decontamination, turnaround

times and a well audited and structured cleansing and disinfections procedures should be in place for

all sites. Effective vermin(wild animals and wild birds) control must be maintained. Only disinfectants

with independently proven broad spectrum efficacy against viral and bacterial pathogens should be

used and at manufacturers stated dilutions and directions.

LIGHT AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE LAYER BIRDS

AVAILABILTY OF NATURAL LIGHT

There is a huge variation in availability in summers and winters. In winters the feed intake is on

higher side and body wt. of the bird is usually optimum. Furthermore due to shorter day length and

lack of enough day light, onset of laying is get delayed. So under these circumstances bird starts

laying with a better egg mass and eventually lay much lesser no. of pullet eggs. In contrary to

winters, situation is entirely different in summers as discussed earlier.

Its egg mass which is more important than production level. Farmers have a misconception that

artificial light should be started after flock reaches to peak production. But during winters due

to higher feed intake , proper body weight, lack of sufficient natural light, bird will become obese if

we wait for the peak prod to get achieved. This can lead to fatty liver later on So start giving artificial


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light as the egg mass reaches almost 1500gms( egg tray wt.) irrespective of the prod. Level of the

flock.

In summers on the other hand even though the body wt. is not up to the mark due to lesser feed intake

but even then better rise in production is there due to availability of too much natural light in

summers. So do not start artificial light unless until normal egg mass is achieved as discussed earlier.

ARTIFICIAL LIGHT IN POULTRY

The artificial light provided in the poultry shed should be of uniform intensity. It should reach

properly in corners of the sheds uniformly so that all the birds should have proper assess to feed and

water

EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT ON POULTRY PERFORMANCE

Light both natural as well as artificial has a very important role in poultry performance.

Recommendation of artificial light may vary according to Breed of the bird. Usually 24 hrs light

( artificial and natural) is recommended in most of the breeds till 4wks and then exposure to artificial

light can be reduced gradually to zero artificial light after 8wks of age. Though this light schedule can

be altered a bit depending upon few factors like climatic temp,type of breed, age,body weight, feed

intake, availability of natural light( day length) etc.But exposure to artificial light during pre laying

stage is of utmost importance. Fate of the prouction performance is heavily dependent on this stage of

the bird. so what are the important points which should be considered before exposing the bird to

artificial light.

Body Weight

This is one of the most important aspect as far as performance is concerned. Because all reproductiveorgans they start maturing during this stage so body weight of the bird should always be in accordance

with age of the bird. Lack of proper body wt. during onset of laying can lead to laying of more no. of

pullet eggs ( small size eggs). Ideally a hen should achieve a minimum of 1250 g of body before

starting egg laying process. Failing to achieve enough body wt. during this stage can not only lead to

decrease in no. of eggs laid during a laying cycle but can also lead to a higher laying mortality due to

prolapse and peck outs. Such flocks have a tendency to lay eggs with weak egg shell at an early stage

and show drastic fall in production in later part of the laying cycle.

Nutrition

A balanced feed as per phase of the bird should be provided to achieve proper body wt.

Feed Intake

Now feed intake heavily depends upon the climatic temp. as the climatic temp. is very high during

summers so feed intake is very low so it is very difficult to achieve proper body wt. under these

circumstances. Providing a proper space and crumble feed under these circumstances can help a lot.


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Because crumble feed is more homogenous so it helps to achieve not only a better body wt. but more

importantly a much better flock uniformity. More is the uniformity in terms of the body wt. of the

flock better will be prod. Performance. On the other hand climatic temp. remains on lower side during

winters so feed intake tends to be on higher side leading to much better body wt. as compared to

summers. But achieving a better flock uniformity is of utmost importance.

CALCULATIONS FOR THE INITIAL INVESTMENT ( FIXED CAPITAL )

Our fixed capital or initial investment will be accounting for the following items:

- Land- Construction of buildings- Fencing- Cages- Pipes ( for the feed )- Water pipes- Nipple drinkers- Electric Connection- Borewell for water- Wiring, Bulbs and Switches

Call for quotations:

1. Construction and plumbing companies2. Hardware Stores3. Electrical Companies4. Welding workshop5. Borewell , Well diggers6. Farm Equipment Companies


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To,

R. R. Builders,

Erode, SalemDistrict,

Tamil Nadu.

Respected Sir,

Subject : Request for the quotation for the required specifications ( enclosed ) for the

construction of a poultry farm.

Sir, we would like to introduce ourselves as an upcoming poultry industry situated at Poosaripatty

Salem. We have a project worth of around 10 crores in mind and would like to give you the details of

Project and the constructional details.

The construction involves the construction of 7 sheds with a total area of127940 square feet and

Sheet roofing. Also , there is a requirement of fencing a perimeter of about 2505 feet. The design

And layout of the above said details are enclosed.

We would like you to give us your best quotation for the said construction at the earliest for our

Consideration.

Yours Truly

B. Nitish Harihar

Managing Partner

Supreme Poultry Products


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To,

Gallium & Duncan Pvt. Ltd.,

Erode, SalemDistrict,

Tamil Nadu.

Respected Sir,

Subject : Request for the quotation for the required specifications ( enclosed ) for the

construction of a poultry farm.


Salem. We have a project worth of around 10 crores in mind and would like to give you the details of

Project and the constructional details.

The construction involves the construction of 7 sheds with a total area of127940 square feet and

Sheet roofing. Also , there is a requirement of fencing a perimeter of about 2505 feet. The design

And layout of the above said details are enclosed.


Consideration.

Yours Truly

B. Nitish Harihar

Managing Partner



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To,

Sakthi Kailash Traders,

Salem,

Tamil Nadu.

Respected Sir,

Subject : Request for the quotation for the required hardware materials.


Salem. For the said industry there is a necessity ofPVC pipes ranging from the size of inch to 3

Inch.

The requirement list is enclosed with this letter

We would like you to give us your best quotation for the said materials at the earliest for our

consideration .

Yours Truly

B. Nitish Harihar

Managing Partner



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To,

Sapthagiri Traders,

Salem,

Tamil Nadu.

Respected Sir,

Subject : Request for the quotation for the required hardware materials.


Salem. For the said industry there is a necessity ofPVC pipes ranging from the size of inch to 3

Inch.


We would like you to give us your best quotation for the said materials at the earliest for our

consideration .

Yours Truly

B. Nitish Harihar

Managing Partner



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To,

Karthick Well Diggers,

Salem,

Tamil Nadu.

Respected Sir,

Subject : Request for the quotation for the digging of an 800 feet borewell.


Salem. For the said industry there is a necessity of a borewell with an ineer pipe size of 3 Inch.

We would like you to give us your best quotation for the said requirement at the earliest for our

consideration .

Yours Truly

B. Nitish Harihar

Managing Partner



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To,

Prakash Borewells Pvt. Ltd.,

Salem,

Tamil Nadu.

Respected Sir,

Subject : Request for the quotation for the digging of an 800 feet borewell.


Salem. For the said industry there is a necessity of a borewell with an ineer pipe size of 3 Inch.

We would like you to give us your best quotation for the said requirement at the earliest for our

consideration .

Yours Truly

B. Nitish Harihar

Managing Partner



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To,

P. V. Electricals,

Salem ,

Tamil Nadu.

Respected Sir,

Subject : Request for the quotation for the required specifications ( enclosed ) for the electrical

wiring at our poultry farm.


Salem.

The wiring involves the placing , fixing and giving complete connections of the construction of the

required accessories as mentioned in the drawings enclosed .Sheet roofing.

The design And layout of the above said details are enclosed.


Consideration.

Yours Truly

B. Nitish Harihar

Managing Partner



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To,

Ganesh Electricals,

Salem ,

Tamil Nadu.

Respected Sir,

Subject : Request for the quotation for the required specifications ( enclosed ) for the electrical

wiring at our poultry farm.


Salem.

The wiring involves the placing , fixing and giving complete connections of the construction of the

required accessories as mentioned in the drawings enclosed .Sheet roofing.

The design And layout of the above said details are enclosed.


Consideration.

Yours Truly

B. Nitish Harihar

Managing Partner



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To,

Amman Engg. Works,

Salem,

Tamil Nadu.

Respected Sir,

Subject : Request for the quotation for the fabrication of housing cages.


Salem. For the said industry there is a necessity of cages which house the chicken from the initial

chick stage to the final hen stage. We have decided on 3 sizes of cages.


We would like you to give us your best quotation for the said materials and its fabrication at the

earliest for our consideration .

Yours Truly

B. Nitish Harihar

Managing Partner



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To,

Ardhanari Engg. Works,

Salem,

Tamil Nadu.

Respected Sir,

Subject : Request for the quotation for the fabrication of housing cages.


Salem. For the said industry there is a necessity of cages which house the chicken from the initial

chick stage to the final hen stage. We have decided on 3 sizes of cages.


We would like you to give us your best quotation for the said materials and its fabrication at the

earliest for our consideration .

Yours Truly

B. Nitish Harihar

Managing Partner



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COMPARATIVE STATEMENTS AND ALL CONDITIONS

The following table gives a better idea of the various conditions, terms and the cost of establishment/

purchase of each product.

Building R. R. Builders Gallium and Duncan

Cost per square foot for the

construction of the sheds

Rs. 435 Rs. 450

Cost for the running boundary

wall per foot

Rs. 400 Rs. 415

Cost for laying and fixing of

pipes and nipple

Rs. 20 Rs. 20

Terms and conditions - These prices include thelabour, bricks, cement,

transportation charges

and all other expense.

- This price is absoluteand no change will bemade once the contractis released

- A 60% of the value ofcompleted work would

be required and the

final 40 % may begiven once all the workis completed.

- No other party isexpected to do

construction work at the

said premises

simultaneous with us

- These prices include thelabour, bricks, cement,

transportation charges

and all other expense.

- This price is absoluteand no change will bemade once the contractis released

- A 70% of the value ofcompleted work would

be required and the

final 30 % may begiven once all the workis completed.

- No other party isexpected to do

construction work at the

said premises

simultaneous with usPVC Pipes Sakthi Kailash Traders Sapthagiri Traders

Per length of pipe (20 ft)

10 kg gaugeSize: 3 inch

Rs. 315

For a quantity of 2080 lengths

Rs. 300


Per length of pipe (20 ft)

10 kg gauge

Size: inch

Rs. 240


Rs. 240


Terms and conditions - Type is Vajjermplast- 60% payment with the

purchase order and the

remaining on delivery

- Type is Vajjermplast- 80% payment with the

purchase order and the

remaining on delivery

Borewells Karthick Well Diggers Prakash Borewells Pvt. Ltd.

Total cost For first 300 feet = Rs. 30

For second 300 feet = Rs. 40For after 300 feet = Rs.50Casing pipe and 7 hp motor

= Rs. 92500

For a borewell of 800 feet

approx cost comes uptoRs. 1,28,500

For first 300 feet = Rs. 30

For second 300 feet = Rs. 40For after 300 feet = Rs.50Casing pipe and 7 hp motor

= Rs. 1,00,000

For a borewell of 800 feet

approx cost comes uptoRs. 1,31,000


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Terms and conditions - Payment aftercompletion of project

- Company is notresponsible for the site

or point where digging

is done

- Prices may vary if thedepth goes above the

quoted depth

- Payment aftercompletion of project

- Company is notresponsible for the site

or point where digging

is done

- Prices may vary if thedepth goes above the

quoted depth

Electrical Wiring P. V. Electricals Ganesh Electricals

Cost per point Rs. 350 Rs. 370

Terms and conditions - Cost includes the costof bulb, labour,

transportation and wire- Payment has to be made

on a weekly basis for

completion of work

- Cost includes the costof bulb, labour,

transportation and wire- Payment has to be made

on a weekly basis for

completion of work

Cages Ardhanari Engg. Works Amman Engg. Works

Cost for the cages Cost for the Type 1 cage

= 5000 * Rs.140

= Rs. 7,00,000

Cost for the Type 2 cages

= 5000 * Rs.155

= Rs. 7,75,000


= 25000 * Rs.165

= Rs. 41,25,000

Cost for the Type 1 cage

= 5000 * Rs.135

= Rs. 6,75,000


= 5000 * Rs.150

= Rs. 7,50,000


= 25000 * Rs.165

= Rs. 41,25,000

Terms and conditions - Cost includes thepurchase of angles,

wire, bends and other

raw material

- Includes labour- Welding will be done at

the workshop

- Cost includes thepurchase of angles,

wire, bends and other

raw material

- Includes labour- Welding will be done at

the site

Other Equipment Nandini Farm Equipments Keertika Farm Equipments

Costs of different items Nylon Sheet

=5960 * Rs. 70

= Rs. 4,17,200

Cost for drinking nipples

= 71,000 * Rs. 35

= Rs. 24,85,000

Thermometer and humidity

reader= 14 * Rs. 2500

= Rs. 35,000

Nylon Sheet

= 5960 * Rs. 75

= Rs. 4,47,000

Cost for drinking nipples

= 71,000 * Rs. 60

= Rs. 42,60,000

Thermometer and humidity

reader

=14 * Rs. 2850

= Rs. 39,900


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On analysis from the comparative statement we have decided to go ahead with the purchase of

equipments from the following vendors/builders etc.

Building - R. R. Builders

PVCPipes - Sapthagiri Traders

Borewells - Karthick Well Diggers

Electrical Wiring - P. V. Electricals

Cages - Amman Engineering Works

Other Equipments - Nandini Farm Equipments


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CALCULATION OF THE FIXED CAPITAL

Herunder are the capital costs which will be incurred during the establishment of the project. The

below does not include the working capital and the consumables

Landscaping Cost = Rs. 5,00,000

Total land cost = 9 * 15,00,000

= Rs. 1,35,00,000

Total caged square feet = (450*45)*5 + (380*38) + (350*35)

= 101250 + 14440 + 12250

= 127940

Total construction cost forthe cagedarea = 127940 * Rs. 430

= Rs. 5,50,14,200

Perimeter of the land = 2505

Cost for fencing = 2505 * Rs. 400

= Rs. 10,02,000

Total no. OfType 1 cages = (30x30x30)

= 5000

Cost forthe Type 1 cages = 5000 * Rs.135

= Rs. 6,75,000


= 5000


= Rs. 7,50,000


= 25000



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47


= Rs. 41,25,000

Cost for borewell = 800 feet

= 300 feet * Rs. 30

= 300 feet * Rs. 40

= 200 feet* Rs. 50

= 3 mm casing pipe = Rs. 350*50

Motor ( 7 hp ) - Rs. 75,000

Total cost for borewell = Rs. 1,28,500

Cost forelectrical Connection = Rs. 85,000 & Rs. 1,25,000 (Deposit)

Total no. Of electrical points in the layout = Total no. Of cages / 10

= 35,000/10

= 3,500

Cost onanaverage fortheelectricalpoints = 3,500 * Rs. 350

Includes the wire cost and bulb cost = Rs. 12,25,000

Nylon Sheet = 5960 * Rs. 70

= Rs. 4,17,200

Total lengths of pipe required = 123 + 144 + 825 + 144 + 825

= 2061 = 2080

Cost forthe Pipe ( 3 inch) 10 kg = 2080 * Rs. 300

= Rs. 6,24,000

Total length of water pipe required (3/4 inch) = 2184

Cost forthewaterpiping = 2190 * Rs. 240

= Rs. 5,25,600

Cost fordrinkingnipples = 71,000 * Rs. 35

= Rs. 24,85,000

Cost forlayingand fixing ofpipes andnipple = 70,000 * Rs. 20

= Rs. 14,00,000


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Thermometerandhumidity reader = 14 * Rs. 2500

= Rs. 35,000

Total Cost (Capital Investment) = Rs. 8,26,16,500

( Eight Crores , twenty sixlakhs , sixteenthousandand fivehundredrupees)

CALCULATION OF THE RECURRING INVESTMENT

Calculation for feed costs ( at chickgrower)

At the chick grower, chicks are housed for 8weeks and they consume the following weights of food.

This data is acquired after considering different quotations from various vendors.

Week Consumption in g per day Consumption per week

1 8 56

2 13 91

3 16 112

4 19 133

5 26 182

6 38 266

7 47 329

8 60 420

Total 227 1589

Consumption for 20,000 chicks = 20,000*1600 = 32000000 g = 32,000 kg

Cost for 1 rotation = 32,000*21 = Rs. 6,72,000

Total no. Of rotations in year = 5

Total cost for feedinthe chickgrower = 5 * 6,72,000 = Rs. 33,60,000


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Calculation for feed costs ( at grower)

At the grower, chicks are housed for 8 weeks and they consume the following weights of food.



1 70 490

2 73 511

3 78 546

4 82 574

5 87 609

6 90 630

7 93 651

8 97 679

Total 670 4690

Consumption for2

0,000 chicks =2

0,000*4700 = 94000000 g = 94,000 kg

Cost for 1 rotation = 94,000*16 = Rs. 15,04,000

Total no. Of rotations in year = 6

Total cost for feedinthe chickgrower = 5 * 15,04,000 = Rs. 75,20,000

Calculation for feed costs ( at layer 1 )

This calculation involves yearly production costs and hence must be calculated for all the livestock

present inside.



17 97 679

18 97 679

19 97 679

20 97 679

21 97 679

22 97 67923 97 679

24 97 679

25 99 693

26 99 693

27 99 693

28 99 693

29 99 693

30 99 693


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50


31 99 693

32 99 693

33 99 693

34 99 693

35 103 721

36 103 721

37 103 72138 103 721

39 103 721

40 103 721

41 103 721

42 103 721

43 107 749

44 107 749

45 107 749

46 107 749

47 107 749

48 107 749

49 107 749

50 107 749

51 107 749

52 107 749

53 107 749

54 108 756

55 108 756

56 108 756

57 108 756

58 108 756

59 108 756

60 108 75661 108 756

62 108 756

63 110 770

64 110 770

Total 4959 34713

Total no. Of birds in layer 1 = 20,000

Total kg. Per bird = 34.723 kg

Total kg. Of feed required = 20,000*34.713 = 6,94,260 kg

Total costincurred = 6,94,260 * Rs.13 = Rs. 90,25,380


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51




present inside.



65 110 770

66 110 770

67 110 770

68 110 770

69 110 770

70 110 770

71 110 770

72 110 770

17 97 679

18 97 679

19 97 67920 97 679

21 97 679

22 97 679

23 97 679

24 97 679

25 99 693

26 99 693

27 99 693

28 99 693

29 99 693

30 99 693

31 99 693

32 99 693

33 99 693

34 99 693

35 103 721

36 103 721

37 103 721

38 103 721

39 103 721

40 103 721

41 103 721

42

103 72

143 107 749

44 107 749

45 107 749

46 107 749

47 107 749

48 107 749

49 107 749

50 107 749


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52


51 107 749

52 107 749

53 107 749

54 108 756

55 108 756

56 108 756

Total 4971 34797







present inside.



57 108 756

58 108 756

59 108 75660 108 756

61 108 756

62 108 756

63 110 770

64 110 770

65 110 770

66 110 770

67 110 770

68 110 770

69 110 770

70 110 770

71 110 770

72 110 770

17 97 679

18 97 679

19 97 679

20 97 679

21 97 679

22 97 679


53/58

53


23 97 679

24 97 679

25 99 693

26 99 693

27 99 693

28 99 693

29 99 69330 99 693

31 99 693

32 99 693

33 99 693

34 99 693

35 103 721

36 103 721

37 103 721

38 103 721

39 103 721

40 103 721

41 103 721

42 103 721

43 107 749

44 107 749

45 107 749

46 107 749

47 107 749

48 107 749

Total 4980 34860







present inside.



49 107 749

50 107 749

51 107 749

52 107 749


54/58

54


53 107 749

54 108 756

55 108 756

56 108 756

57 108 756

58 108 756

59 108 75660 108 756

61 108 756

62 108 756

63 110 770

64 110 770

65 110 770

66 110 770

67 110 770

68 110 770

69 110 770

70 110 770

71 110 770

72 110 770

17 97 679

18 97 679

19 97 679

20 97 679

21 97 679

22 97 679

23 97 679

24 97 679

25 99 693

26 99 69327 99 693

28 99 693

29 99 693

30 99 693

31 99 693

32 99 693

33 99 693

34 99 693

35 103 721

36 103 721

37 103 721

38 103 72139 103 721

40 103 721

Total 4991 34937




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55






present inside.



41 103 721

42 103 721

43 107 749

44 107 749

45 107 749

46 107 749

47 107 749

48 107 749

49 107 749

50 107 749

51 107 749

52 107 749

53 107 749

54 108 756

55 108 756

56 108 756

57 108 75658 108 756

59 108 756

60 108 756

61 108 756

62 108 756

63 110 770

64 110 770

65 110 770

66 110 770

67 110 770

68 110 770

69 110 77070 110 770

71 110 770

72 110 770

17 97 679

18 97 679

19 97 679

20 97 679

21 97 679


56/58

56


22 97 679

23 97 679

24 97 679

25 99 693

26 99 693

27 99 693

28 99 69329 99 693

30 99 693

31 99 693

32 99 693

Total 5023 35161





Total feed cost fora year = CG + G + L1 + L2 + L3 + L4 + L5

= 33,60,000 + 75,20,000 + 90,25,380 + 90,47,220 + 90,83,620 + 91,41,860

= Rs. 4,71,78,080

Hence , total feed costis Rs. 4,71,78,080 .

Consumption of water is around 11,000 litres for 50,000 birds and hence in our case may come upto

30, 800 litres. And is provided by our bore well.

Electricity charges = Rs. 1, 17, 600

Labourexpenses

Total no. Of unskilled labour = 14 @ Rs. 100 /day

No. Of supervisors = 2 @ Rs. 180 /day

Veterinarian = 1 @ Rs. 500 /day

Therefore for a whole year we have = (14*100*365) + (2*180*365) + (1*500*365)

= 5,11,000 + 1,31,400 + 1,82,500

= Rs. 8,24,900

Cost ofmortality = 0.15% of 1,40,000 = 210 birds

= 210 * 1.5 * Rs. 40 = Rs. 12,600


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Vaccineandmedicines = per bird would cost Rs. 30

= hence for a working of 1,40,000 birds in the site

= 30 * 1,40,000 = Rs. 42,00,000

Otherexpense = Rs. 1,500 per day

= for the year would sum upto

= Rs. 5,47,500

Chick cost = Rs.55 * 1,00,000 = Rs. 55,00,000

Totalrecurring costis = Rs. 4,71,78,080 + Rs. 1, 17, 600 + Rs. 8,24,900 + Rs. 12,600 +

+ Rs. 42,00,000 + Rs. 5,47,500 + Rs. 55,00,000

= Rs. 5,83,80,680

(Rupees five crores, eighty threelakhs, eighty thousand, sixhundredandeighty )

CALCULATION OF THE INCOME

Total production of eggs in a day without considering efficiency and breakages

= 1,00,000 eggs

For a period of one year = 1,00,000 * 365 = 365,00,000 eggs

Considering a drop in production by 2% due to mortality = 365,00,000 * 0.98

= 357,70,000 eggs

Now. Considering an efficiency of96%, we have = 357,70,000 * 0.96

= 343,39,200 eggs

Now considering a 0.5% of completely broken eggs = 343,39,200 * 0.995

= 341,67,504 eggs

2% of these eggs are half broken and are usually sold at Rs. 1.30 ( taken on an average throughout

the year)

Therefore, 6,83,351 eggs are half broken

Incomedueto half brokeneggs = 6,83,351 * Rs. 1.30 = Rs. 8,88,357.00

Incomedueto perfecteggs = 334,84,153 * Rs. 2.55 = Rs. 8,53,84,590.00

Totalincomedueto eggproduction = Rs. 8,62,72,947.00


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Incomedueto culled birds ( if sold)

No. Of birds culled per year = 20,000 * 5 = 1,00,000

Selling price of culled bird = Rs. 6.50 per kilo

Total weight of the culled birds = 1,00,000 * 1.48kg = 1,48,000 kg

Total sales = 1,48,000 * 6.50 = Rs. 9,62,000.00

Incomedueto birddroppings

Weight of bird droppings collected is 40% of the total feed given

Therefore, total weight of feed given is = 7,03,220 + 6,98,740 + 6,97,200 + 6,95,940

+ 6,94,260 + 94,000 + 32,000

= 36,15,360 kg

Selling price of each ton of bird droppings is at Rs.450 /ton

Tonnage of bird droppings = 3,615 tonnes

Totalincomedueto birddroppings = Rs. 16,26,750.00

Totalincome = Rs. 8,62,72,947.00 + Rs. 9,62,000.00 + Rs. 16,26,750.00

= Rs. 8,88,61,697.00

Totalprofit = Rs. 8,88,61,697.00 - Rs. 5,83,80,680 = Rs. 3,04,81,017.00

Therefore = % ofprofit onincomeis ataround 34.57 %

Therefore , profit oneacheggis Rs. 0.86 .

Also = % ofprofit onthe fixedinvestmentis at 36.89 %

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