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PROJECT BAKTERIAK

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CLASS OBJECTIVES To exceed 100,000 ft. To keep the payload under 800g To measure temperature and pressure To resolve malfunctions from the maiden voyage To meet all FAA and FCC unmanned air balloon regulations To successfully predict flight patterns To maintain an efficient budget

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OUR OBJECTIVE: TO SEND BACTERIA INTO SPACE But why?

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MISSION STATEMENT Commercial Space Travel Sterilization of civilians and equipment is impractical Predicting bacterial behavior

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BACTERIA

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BACTERIA INFORMATION Species: Escherichia coli (E. coli) Will survive extreme temp. changes Facultative anaerobe Easily replicated Easy to get ahold of Safe (is non-pathogenic) Practical Recommended by Dr. Ty White Thioglycollate Broth

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THE EXPERIMENT In the payload Thio broth E. coli dilution 500 microliters Plenty of data Pure E. coli Controls Freezing during flight Control 1: broth dilution in freezer Control 2: pure bacteria in freezer Control 3: broth dilution at room temp Control 4: pure bacteria at room temp OVERVIEW : Test bacteria after retrieval to find changes in growth patterns

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HYPOTHESIS Based on results from the NASA experiment, Project MERCURRI, we postulate that the E. Coli growth rate will be affected by the drastic pressure and unknown cosmic changes between the ground and the apex of the flight.

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SAFETY CONCERNS PRECAUTIONS: Rubber Gloves Medical Masks Bleach Baths Biohazard Bags Biohazard Signs (for payload) (Donated By Dr. Paul Rezich) The bacteria species we are using are relatively safe to handle. Very little danger is involved due to low virulence and pathogenic properties present in the bacteria. Will the Payload Land Near Civilians? We will ensure that our payload will not fly over heavily populated areas using our flight path predicting technology.

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CALCULATIONS

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ACCOUNTING FOR CHANGING ALTITUDE

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HELIUM VOLUME CALCULATION

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ASCENT VELOCITY CALCULATION

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V and A are represented in different forms of PV = nRT

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Elevation of Rapid City: 3247 ft. Initial Velocity: 3.92 m/s

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ASCENDING TIME Time (s)

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DESCENT VELOCITY CALCULATION

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Impact Velocity = 4.74 meters/second

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TOTAL TIME

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FLIGHT EXPECTATIONS Recovery destination: Depends on the launch day PROGRAM: BUFKIT from noaa.gov

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LAWS AND REGULATIONS

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MEETING FAA REGULATIONS Hotwire for secondary cut down Launch on a clear day - From SHS football field Between sunrise and sunset Aluminum Foil- Radar Reflector Parachute Chords and Fishing Line -break at 50lb. FAA and ATC will be given proper information prior, during, and after the launch ELECTRONIC CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS: TITLE 14 - CHAPTER 1 - SUBCHAPTER F - PART 101 - SUBPART D (E-CRF DATA IS CURRENT AS OF DECEMBER 1, 2014)

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TECHNOLOGY

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ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS The Altimeter Module MS5607 and BMP180 sensor will be wired to the Arduino Uno R3 computer. A 9V battery will be used as the power source and will be connected to the Arduino Uno R3 computer via well secured wires. SPOT Tracker Gen 3 GPS will be used for tracking/recovery.

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GOPRO HERO 3 Mounted Camera with photo and video capabilities (We intend to use school GoPro cameras if available)

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APPARATUS DESIGN

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FIXING LAST YEARS PROBLEMS Problem: Fogging Problem: Instability Problem: Communication Problem: Parachute Problem: Spot Tracker

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Outside of the Payload Quad-tethered payload connection using pneumatic tubes to prevent damaging payload String connection swivel 36in Near Space Parachute

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Inside of the Payload Altimeter Module MS5607 and BMP180 Sensor Much cheaper the EagleFlight computer Smaller than the EagleFlight computer Arduino Board Easy to use and compatible with the BMP180 and Altimeter Module MS5607 9V Battery Power source for the Arduino Board, Altimeter Module MS5607, and BMP180 Spot Tracker Reliable GPS tracking device GoPro Hero 3 Camera( x2) Very reliable and durable camera. Members of our group will donate theirs. Test Tubes w/ thioglycollate broth Needed for the bacteria to grow in. KEY Pink- Test tubes Cyan- Sensors Blue- Arduino Uno R3 Orange- SPOT Tracker Dark Gray- GoPros

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PAYLOAD BLUEPRINT Dimensions of Payload: 7.75in x 11.82in x 5.0in

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BUDGET AND MASS

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INSTRUMENTS ItemsTotal: $183.85Total 495.41g Spot Tracker Gen 3*$149.95114.00g Class 10 Micro SD memory card (x2)$33.90 ($16.95 each)Included in GoPro weight BMP180 Temperature/Pressure AltimeterOwned by Project Bakteriak0.81g Arduino Uno R3 BoardOwned by Project Bakteriak22.80g Altimeter Module MS5607Donated by Brendan Rezich2.10g WiresDonated by SHS Science Department~9.00g 9V BatteryDonated by Brendan Rezich44.90g GoPro Hero 3 Black &Silver Edition w/cases(x2)*Lent by Brennan Lytle and Ethan May274.80g (137.40g each) Hand WarmerDonated by Rick Schleusener22.00g Electrical TapeDonated by Noah Storm~5.00g * Denotes that it could be donated by the school

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BACTERIA ITEMS ItemsCost: FREETotal: 39.60g Escherichia coli (E. coli)Donated by Rapid City Regional Hospital Microbiology Department Negligible Thioglycollate brothDonated by Rapid City Regional Hospital Microbiology Department ~10.00g Test Tubes (x2)Donated by SHS Science Department~29.60g (~14.8g each)

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PAYLOAD PARTS ItemsTotal: $149.98Total: 237.38 1in 1.3 pcf Foamular 32 sq. ft. sheet$19.9996.75g 36in Near Space Parachute (with chords)$35.0075.00g 1200g Balloon*$94.99(not included) Helium (370.00g)Donated by A&B Welding(not included) Packing Material (Bubble Wrap)Donated by SHS Science Department~20.00g 50lb fishing lineDonated by SHS Science Department~2.00g SwivelDonated by SHS Science Department1.20g Desiccant PowderDonated by SHS Science Department2.00g 2 inch Pneumatic Tubing Strips(x4)Donated by Jack Grimm~4.50g (1.125g each) Aluminum FoilDonated by Brendan Rezich5.93g Elmer's Adhesive SprayDonated By Brendan Rezich~3.00g Gorilla GlueDonated By Brendan Rezich~5.00g Waterproof SprayDonated By Brendan Rezich~2.00g CellophaneDonated by Noah Storm~5.00g Packing TapeDonated by Noah Storm~15.00g

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TOTAL BUDGET AND MASS Ideal Budget:$94.22 (w/ 6% tax) TOTALS Payload Mass:772.39 grams Total Mass:2342.39 grams Total Budget:$353.86 (w/ 6% tax)

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SUMMARY

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Our Generous Sponsors A&B Welding Stevens High School Science Department Dr. Paul Rezich Rapid City Regional Hospital Microbiology Department SHS Tech Ed Department Our Physics Teacher Dr. Andrew Smith And Most Importantly To Our Esteemed Panel and Great Audience Special Thanks to:

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PROJECT BAKTERIAK

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IS SENDING BACTERIA INTO SPACE LEGAL?

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Similar Experiments have been done by organizations such as NASA and junior high schools successfully. There are no laws or regulations preventing us sending our bacteria into space. BUT IS OUR PROJECT CONSIDERED A BIOLOGICAL WEAPON?

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IS OUR PAYLOAD CONSIDERED A BIOLOGICAL WEAPON? No it is not Definition of Biological Weapon: a harmful biological agent (such as a pathogenic microorganism or a neurotoxin) used as a weapon to cause death and disease. Definition of Biological Warfare: the use of harmful living things (such as pathogenic microorganism or a neurotoxin) as weapons in a war. (Definitions provided by Merriam-Webster Dictionary) Additionally

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IS OUR PAYLOAD CONSIDERED A BIOLOGICAL WEAPON? Nobel Prize Winner Dr. Joshua Lederberg: a pioneer research geneticist, professor and past president of Rockerfeller University made a testimony to Committee on Foreign Relations Chair. The following is an excerpt from an article from the CDC Emerging Infectious Disease Journal (Volume 7, Number 6) that summarized Dr. Lederbergs testimony. (http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/7/6/01-0636_article) I [Dr. Lederberg] define biological warfare as use of agents of disease for hostile purposes.

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PROJECT BAKTERIAK

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MEETING FAA REGULATIONS 101.33 Operating Limitations: By our balloon will exceed 2.000 ft. altitude By using a hotwire system as the secondary cutdown method By the Meteorological Team ensuring that our balloon will be launched on a clear day By the Meteorological Team ensuring that there will be little wind to blow our balloon away only the football field for the first 1,000 ft. of ascent By our calculated descent acceleration and payload mass creating an impact force that is not hazardous to people or personal property ELECTRONIC CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS: TITLE 14 - CHAPTER 1 - SUBCHAPTER F - PART 101 - SUBPART D (E-CRF DATA IS CURRENT AS OF DECEMBER 1, 2014)

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MEETING FAA REGULATIONS 101.35 Equipment and marking requirements By using aluminum foil on the payload to reflect radar By launching between the hours of sunrise and sunset By using our fishing line and parachute chords that will break at 50lbs By not using an alternative suspension device By building a payload that is less than 4lb (Therefore we can neglect the weight:surface area restriction)

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MEETING FAA REGULATIONS 101.37 Notice requirements. Our representative will be giving the FAA the following information: The balloon identification The estimated date and time of launching, amended as necessary to remain within plus or minus 30 minutes The location of the launching site The cruising altitude The forecast trajectory and estimated time to cruising altitude or 60,000 feet standard pressure altitude, whichever is lower The length and diameter of the balloon, length of the suspension device, weight of the payload, and length of the trailing antenna The duration of flight The forecast time and location of impact with the surface of the earth Our representative will meet with the FAA the previous day to the launch.

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MEETING FAA REGULATIONS 101.39 Balloon position reports. The SPOT Tracker will give us the GPS coordinates of our balloon and our representative to the FAA will inform them of the balloons position. Our representative to the FAA will forward to the FAA the following information one hour before descent: The current geographical position The balloon position The forecast time of penetration of 60,000 feet standard pressure altitude (if applicable) The forecast trajectory for the balance of the flight Our representative to the FAA will inform them of the balloons last known position if a two-hour window is missed Our representative to the FAA will inform them when Project Bakteriaks balloon has landed.

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PROJECT BAKTERIAK

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ALTIMETER MODULE MS5607 Product Applications: Mobile altimeter / barometer systems Rate of Climb and Descent Indicator (RCDI) High altitude balloons Height sensing Navigation Weather station Altitude hold for UAVs IMU builds

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BMP180 PRESSURE/ TEMPERATURE SENSOR Product Applications: Indoor navigation GPS-enhancement for dead- reckoning, slope detection, etc. Sport devices, e.g. altitude profile Weather forecast Vertical velocity indication (rise/sink speed)

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PROJECT BAKTERIAK

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WHY SEND TWO TEST TUBES? Broth dilution tube Tests how the bacteria is affected when it is frozen in its growth process Pure bacteria tube Measures non-freezing related variables (pressure, gravity, radiation, and others) Non-dependent because normally, bacteria is frozen before culturing

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PROJECT BAKTERIAK