Pusa Polytechnic

Department of Electronics & Comm. Engg.

MAJOR PROJECT REPORT ON

ADVANCED SECURITY SYSTEM

By

DEEPAK KUMAR

(263811)

Report Submitted in partial fulfillment for the

award of the degree of Diploma in Engineering,

BTE Delhi.

Pusa Polytechnic Pusa Campus, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012

This is to certify that Mr. Deepak

Kumar, whose B.T.E. Roll No. is 263811,

have done the major project on the title

“Advanced Security System” under the

guidance of Mr. Shushil Kumar,……………..

This matter embodied in this project is

genuine work done by student and has

not been submitted to any other institute

for the faithfullment of the requirement of

any cause of study.

I wish him all the success in his life.

H.O.D.

Project Guide

AACCKKNNOOWWLLEEDDGGEEMMEENNTT

We are greatly obliged to MR. I.S.

JAGDEVA, A Managing Director and Mr. J.S.

JAGDEVA Director Marketing of TURBO

CONSULTANCY SERVICES PVT. LTD. For their

valuable suggestions and continuous

encouragements and precious guidance all the

way through the itinerancy of this project

works.

We earnestly express our gratitude to MR.

D.S. RAMOLA, MR. SHUSHIL and MR.

PRASHANT for providing incessant help and

benevolent allegiance throughout the training.

We articulate our gratitude to TURBO

CONSULTANCY SERVICES PVT. LTD. for

providing us the prospect to seize out the

project and to all those who were

unswervingly and circuitously influential in

enabling us to remain devoted to the project.

(DEEPAK KUMAR)

Electronics & Communication Engg.

Pusa Polytechnic, Pusa Campus,

New Delhi

CCOONNTTEENNTTSS

Few Words about CCTV System

Application of CCTV System

Basics of CCTV system

Camera Lens Principles

Types of Cameras

PTZ Dome Type Camera

Fixed Type Camera

Camera Assembling and Installation

Power Supply used in Cameras

Monitors

DVR (Digital Video Recorder)

OFC (Optical Fibre Cable)

Advantage of using OFC

Installation and Accessories Required

Installation of DVR System

AABBOOUUTT TTHHEE CCOOMMPPAANNYY

TURBO (Turbo Consultancy Services Pvt. Ltd.):-

As is made known in the professional circles was founded in the

year 1986 with an objective of providing quality electronic safety

products and related services.

Today, we are one of the very few companies in India with

certification for ISO 9002

OUR DEDICATION:-

1. Research and Development

2. Conception and Manufacture

3. Precision and standards

4. People and Implementation

5. Quality and Service

6. Follow-up and Service that’s what keep Turbo, the standards of

excellence in Security Industries.

OUR EXPERTISE:-

Turbo has expertise in designing, developing all kind of security

and surveillance systems. It is engaged in Research and

Developments, manufacturing installation, marketing and

maintenance of CCTV system as turnkey projects. We specialize an all

types of CCTV cameras, Monitors, Multiplexers, TLVCR, Housing-

Explosion Proof, Fire Proof, Weather Proof, Pan & Tilt, P.A. Systems,

Video through Telephone Lines, Control Panels, tailor made system,

Computerized CCTV Control systems, Integrated system for Fire,

Security Access Control & Frequency Jammers, Intruder Alarm

System.

We also have expertise in Traffic Monitoring Systems, Traffic

Speed RADARs, Red Speed Camera systems, and Breath Analyzers

(ALCOMETER), Traffic Enforcement System.

OUR OBJECTIVES:-

“Honesty, Creation, Quality and Satisfaction” are our quality

policy. Turbo always keep in mind these objectives and is all set to

become not only national but international ideal and superlative

company. Turbo’s ambition and reputation are reinforced by a solid

business infrastructure. Our team of highly skilled individuals is

dedicated to providing an exceptional level of service to our

customers. As a manufacturer and supplier, we strive to ensure that

our products are as innovative as our market.

OUR MISSION STATEMENT:-

Turbo will attain a leadership position in the security industry

by profitable supplying globally competitive products and systems. It

will achieve this by attaining the highest levels of organization

productivity, earning the trust of its customers and associates and

providing a fulfilling live hood to its employees.

AAPPLLIICCAATTIIOONNSS OOFF CCCCTTVV SSYYSSTTEEMMSS

Banks and offices: To monitor undisciplined staff, security problems,

unwanted visitors, unsatisfactory customer service and locker room.

Factories and Production Department: To tackle to go slow tactics by

workers, material theft. It can also be used to view a process or operation

where there is no other way of doing it, to ensure safety of operating staff

and to reduce manpower cost. Application areas such as iron ore project,

blast furnace plants, mining and power plants to monitor burners, water

level, and chimney stack.

Medical Hospitals: CCTV assures substantial gain to hospitals, better

patient care, and reduced staff requirement. Better inter department

communications, CCU monitoring to monitor X-Ray, gamma ray or other

radiation treatment without the staff being needlessly exposed to

radiations and to give live telecast from operation theatres for trainee

doctors.

Hotels and Restaurants: For guest security to monitor kitchen activities

and reception, to monitor customer service, undisciplined staff and to relay

stage performances.

Airports, Harbors, Railway Stations, Bus Stations and Cargo: To

display arrival and departure timings, as advertising media, to monitor

crowd, passenger service problems, security problems by terrorists and

anti-social elements and to monitor cargo loading and unloading.

Parking areas: To monitor parking areas at a glance and to divert

vehicles accordingly. CCTV provides assured protection against thefts,

intrusion and sabotage.

Transport and Traffic: Through a network of cameras installed at busy

traffic spots, intersections and squares pictures of impending trouble spots

can be instantly flashed to the control room monitors to plan and order

diversions for the vehicles in time. It is an invaluable aid in recording

evidence of traffic violations or any other unforeseen accidents.

FFEEWW WWOORRDDSS AABBOOUUTT CCCCTTVV SSYYSSTTEEMM

CCTV Equipment is used for security, surveillance and remote

observations all over the world.

Seeing believes hence this is an ideal substitute for human guards.

Any event of vandalism, theft and sabotage can be recorded as proof;

this visual proof facility is not offered by any other security

equipment.

You can catch mischievous and harmful persons in your organization

by monitoring their activities.

It increases efficiency in offices and factories by 30-50%, as workers

are aware of them being watched.

You can claim substantial depreciating yearly.

CCTV system is easy to operate and easy to install.

CCTV is very economical in comparison to monthly overheads,

salaries etc. for security personnel.

CCTV camera can see in complete darkness with low light sensors

and other attachments where human eye cannot see anything.

CCTV system is a result of advance applied technology and you

should utilize this to your advantage.

CCCCTTVV SSYYSSTTEEMM –– BBAASSIICCSS

A close circuit television system consists of video cameras, monitors

and other accessories such as pan and tilt units, video switches remote

control, zoom lenses etc. in a fundamental system CCTV camera sends

video signals through a coaxial cable to a monitor placed at a remote

location. The camera could be rotated or tilted by using remote controlled

pan and tilt unit or just rotated by using a panning unit. The pan/tilt unit

consists of two motors; one in the horizontal direction and one in the

vertical direction. The horizontal motor is used to rotate the camera to

right or to the left whereas the vertical motor is used to move the camera in

upward or downward direction.

When there are number of cameras, there are following possibilities:

Use same number of monitors to display picture from each camera

i.e. if there are four cameras then use four monitors to see pictures.

Use video switches to see pictures of cameras on monitor one by one.

The switcher could be a simple manual switcher or automatic

sequential switchers.

You can see picture of selected cameras in sequence for a time

duration, which is controlled by user.

A quad system may also be used to give up to four pictures from

pictures from different cameras on one monitor at a time in four

quadrants.

There can be a provision for VCR, which can record picture from the

camera.

Function of housing is to protect the camera from dust and adverse

weather conditions. Depending upon the type of application, different

types of housing are used. A zoom lens enables the camera to magnify a

picture area by its zoom power. At wide position of lens you can see more

and in tale position you can enlarge portion of the same area.

TTEELLEEVVIISSIIOONN CCAAMMEERRAA Television camera is used in the transmitter and serves to scan the

optical image of the scene to be televised and develop an output voltage

which varies in accordance with the light intensity of successive elements

of the image i.e. it produces the video signal. The TV camera consists of the

following:

o Camera pick up lens system: - It focuses the light emitted or

reflected from the televised scene or object accurately on the

photosensitive surface of the camera tube.

o Camera tube: - It develops an output voltage, which varies in

accordance with light intensity of the successive elements of the

image formed on it photosensitive surface.

o Video Processing Circuit: - It amplifies the video signal obtained

from the camera tube, provides frequency response compensation.

Aperture correction, gamma correction.

Basic principle of TV camera:

When minute details of a picture are taken into account, any picture

appears to be composed of small elementary areas of light or shade, which

are known as picture elements. The purpose of a TV tube is to sense each

element independently and develop a signal in electrical form proportional

to the brightness of each element. Light from the scene is focused on a

photosensitive surface known as the image plate, and the optical image

thus formed with a lens system represents light intensity variations of the

scene. The photoelectric properties of the image plate then convert

different light intensities into corresponding electrical variations. In

addition to this photoelectric conversion whereby the optical information is

transduced to electrical charge distribution on the photosensitive image

plate, it is necessary to pick this information as fast as possible. Since

simultaneous picker is not possible, scanning by an electron beam is

resorted to. The electron beam moves across the image plate line by line,

and field to field to provide signal variations in successive order. This

scanning process divides image into its basic picture elements.

CCOOMMPPOONNEENNTTSS OOFF AANN IIPP VVIIDDEEOO SSYYSSTTEEMM

Legend IP domes are part of an overall IP video system. Customers

supply the other components of the system, such as network switches, IP

decoders, and power management equipment.

IP Video System=IP Domes + N/W Switches + IP Decoders +

Power Management Equipment

IP Domes are our cameras which may be PTZ or Fixed Type

Network Switches have been tested and found compatible with Legend

IP domes.

D-LinkDES-3526

D-LinkDES-3550

D-LinkDGS-3024

Nortel 425-24T

Nortel425-48T

IP Decoders:

The following IP decoders have been tested and found compatible with

legend IP domes.

SymNet

Power Management Equipment:

Surge Suppressor

Power conditioner

UPS (uninterruptible power supply)

TTYYPPEESS OOFF CCAAMMEERRAASS We categorized cameras on two basis:

I. On the basis of installation:

We have four types of cameras on this basis, namely

a. Outdoor PTZ Dome Camera

b. Indoor PTZ Dome Camera

c. Indoor Fixed Dome Camera

d. Fixed Camera with Verifocal Lens

II. On the basis of technology:

We have two type of cameras on this basis, namely

a. PTZ (Pan/Tilt/Zoom) Camera

b. Fixed Camera

PPTTZZ CCAAMMEERRAA

Legend IPTM is a line of advanced PTZ domes that stream digital

video. Digital video is easier to transmit, share, and store than

conventional analog video signals. Digital video systems also integrate well

into most communications and media networks and are easily operated

from software applications that manage digital video, such as GE’s

SymSecureTM or SymNavTM. SymSecure is CE’s complete digital video

management software. SymNav is GE’s free digital video viewer that is

provided with each dome. Compatible software applications, like these,

allow you to control your domes and video over an IP (Internet Protocol)

network from computers, instead of using analog keypads, recorders,

multiplexers, and switchers.

Legend IP domes use an MPEG-4 video encoder to compress and

digitize streaming video that is of up to 30fps (frames per second) for

NTSC and up to 25 fps for PAL. At the maximum frame rates, the domes

require a bandwidth from 1 to 2 Mbps (Megabits per second). The MPEG-4

video stream that is created is compatible with GE’s SymDec family if

MPEG-4 recorders, SymNet family of MPEG-4 codecs, and Video

NavigatorTM software. The Legend IP interface is open to allow

compatibility with third party software and recording equipment.

Besides their networking ability, Legend IP domes also feature

powerful cameras, SilkTrakTM direct-drive positioning for smoother camera

travel, a graphical programming interface for easier customization of

camera settings, passcodes for protection against unauthorized access, and

the ability to flash software upgrades over your IP network using a

standard web browser.

The Legend IP protocol is backward compatible with the Digiplex

protocol. We can replace older domes in an existing Digiplex system with

Legends IP domes. We must, however, replace the entire dome (camera,

housing, and mounts), because the hardware is not backward compatible.

IINNSSTTAALLLLAATTIIOONN OOFF AA PPTTZZ CCAAMMEERRAA The installation of domes has been made much easier with many of

the innovations that are now available in the Legend IP line of domes. To

start, all cable connections are now built into the housing. The Ethernet

cable provides both video and data. We can also connect UTP and coaxial

cables for analog video and data, if desired. Cameras operate using the

housing’s memory, since programming is now stored in the housing. This

allows you to replace cameras or move them between housings without

having to reprogram them for each new site.

The general steps for installing dome include:

Preparing the mounting surface and installing the mount (if used)

and housing;

Preparing the cables and wiring the housing;

Addressing the camera site, setting the protocol, and setting the

termination;

Installing the camera assembly;

Installing the bubble; and turning on passcodes, if passcodes are to

be used.

FFIIXXEEDD TTYYPPEE CCAAMMEERRAA We used SV-XP1 fixed IP network color camera that combines

XPosure image technology with digital network capability. The SV-XP1 is

equipped with 10/100Base-T (RJ45) interface and a built-in web server.

The SV-XP1 camera uses MPEG-4 compression for efficient distribution

over a network. The camera also incorporates hybrid technology - it

features both digital and analog output for local monitoring and recording.

SV-XP1 camera system consists of the camera, SymNav software CD,

and a RJ45, RS232 cable for changing IP address.

Other required equipments:

We also need some or all of the following equipment for proper

installation and use of this product:

12VDC 1 Amp Power Supply

Lens

PC, to set the IP address and view video with the SymNav user

interface

CCTV for local monitoring

AADDDDRREESSSSIINNGG TTHHEE CCAAMMEERRAA

For PTZ Camera:

Addressing the camera site and setting the protocol:

The dome provides rotary switches for setting the camera’s site

address and communication protocol. Site addresses can be numbered

from 0 to 1599.

To set the camera’s site address and protocol, do the following:

1. Locate the rotary switches. They are on the smallest and lowest

board that is attached to the upper bracket up inside the housing.

This smallest board is the active housing card (AHC).

2. Determine which setting numbers or letters on the three rightmost

switches must be added together to equal the site number.

3. Determine which setting number or letter on the leftmost switch is

needed to set the protocol.

4. Align the needed characters on each switch with the switch’s white

marker. Be careful that any tool we use to turn the rotary switches

does not slip and damage any board components.

For Fixed Type Camera:

Addressing the camera site and setting the protocol:

Using the supplied RS232 Cable:

1. Connect the RJ45 end of the supplied RS232 cable into the RS485

socket on the rear of the camera.

2. Connect the DB9-F end of the cable into the serial port of the PC.

3. Launch Hyper Terminal on the PC by selecting

Start/Programs/Accessories/Communications/HyperTerminal.

4. Type in My IP Camera in the Connection Description dialog box and

click OK.

5. Select the correct COM port and click OK.

6. Power up the camera. IP Camera should display in the window.

7. Enter? to display the menu.

8. Press 1 for the network settings.

9. Press 2 to change the network settings.

10. Enter the new IP addresses and then press enter.

11. After the Gateway address is entered the camera will reboot with the

new IP settings.

CCOONNNNEECCTTIIOONNSS FFOORR CCAAMMEERRAASS

For PTZ Dome Camera:

For basic operation, we need to connect Ethernet and power cables

to the components in the dome shown in Figure.

The Ethernet connection provides both video and data. For advanced

operation, we can also connect any combination of alarm, relay, or analog

data and video cables to the dome. How many cables we will be feeding

into the housing depends upon how many alarms and relays we are

connecting in addition to the Ethernet and power cables.

Wiring the housing board:

To wire the housing board do the following:

1. Connect the facility Ethernet cable for digital video and data.

2. Connect the facility power cable. Make sure that the power cable is

fed over the top of the upper bracket and down beside the power

connector. Use the provided 2-pin terminal strip. If we are using a

heavier gauge cable, ensure that it is properly seated in the

connector. Power in the Legend IP domes is not polarity sensitive.

When power is received by the housing board through the power

connection, the housing board’s diagnostic power LED will appear

orange. There are additional diagnostic LEDs that indicate the

proper installation of the camera assembly.

It should be noted that all Legend IP domes require a 24VAC

power supply to operate the domes.

3. If we areinstalling alarms and relays, connect the alarm and relay

cables to the two provided 12-pin terminal strips. One is blue and

one is green.

Use relays with a maximum operating voltage of 30 VAC, 30 VDC at

0.5 A.

4. If we are installing analog video, connect the facility analog video

cable.

5. If we are installing analog data, connect the facility analog data

cables to the main connections, which are the orange B and A

terminals on the provided green 4-pin terminal strip.

For Fixed Type Camera:

To make general camera connections do the following:

1. Connect a coaxial cable terminated with BNC connectors between

the VIDEO.OUT connector of the camera and the video in connector

on a test or local monitor.

2. Connect a 12 VDC 1Amp power supply.

3. Connect a Cat 5 ethernet cable between the ETHERNET connector of

the camera and a router, multiplexer, or any other network device.

4. As an option connect the supplied RS232 cable to the RS485

connector on the camera and a COM port on our PC to configure our

IP addresses.

DDVVRR--DDIIGGIITTAALL VVIIDDEEOO RREECCOORRDDEERR DX-16-PIN is a 16 channel color digital recorder integrated with a duplex

multiplexer. DX-16P is the PAL version and DX-16-N is the NTSC version.

DVR is the new generation surveillance equipment. This replaces the use of

VCR and multiplexer. Thus avoiding associated compatibility problems

and maintenance headaches.

To increase the versatility of DX-16P ,TCP?IP support is provided for

transferring recorded video clips to a PC over an Ethernet connection. This

facility can be used for backing up and playing of video clips on the PC.

DX-16P can be connected to a 10 base T network using a standard 10 base

Ethernet hub using RJ45 category 2,3,4,or 5 cable. A standard RJ45 port is

provided at the rear of the system for this purpose.

Two sofware modules-DX-FT{ and DX-PLAYER are provided along with

the system. These softwares run on Microsoft Windows 98 operating

system.

Recorded clips can be downloaded from the digital recorder to the PC.

However, the images in the PC cannot be sent to the digital recorder. This

ensures that the image in th erecorder is not altered.

SSYYMMNNEETT:: TTHHEE DDEECCOODDEERR OORR EENNCCOODDEERR The GE SymNet VSC-5RC is the small video streaming unit that is

used for video monitoring and surveillance over IP networks. They use

MPEG-4 compression technologies to deliver high quality video, audio, and

data over 10/100 Base-T networks. The SymNet’s basic function is to either

encode analog video to MPEG-4 digital video or decode MPEG-4 digital

video to analog video.

Power:

It requires the AC power that is stable and within the rated voltage of the

external power supply. If the AC power is likely to have spikes or power

dips, use power line conditioning or an Uninterruptable Power Supply

(UPS).

MMOONNIITTOORR

Monitor converts the electrical video signal from video chassis into

an image on the screen of its picture tube. The picture tube has an electron-

scanning beam which is cntrolled by saw tooth pulses current flowing in a

deflection yoke. Beam strikes the screen of the picture tube that is coated

with a fluorescent substance and makes a coating glow. The strength of the

beam in monitor is moved in sync with beam in camera.

Scanning system:

The electron beam in CCD scans or sweeps across the image in

orderly fashion. In effect it divides the image into narrow horizontal strips

called lines the beam scans each line from left to right producing a video

signal for each lineof which there are 625 in the monitor the scanned lines

are resembled on the face pictures tube in proper order. The scanning

beam starts at the top left of the image and moves to right and slightly

downward at a uniform rate. When it reaches the end of first line, it

switches rapidly back to the beginning of second line. The fast return of the

beam betweeen each scanned line is called retrace. When the beam has

scanned all the horizontal line and reaches the bottom of the image, it

rapidly returns to the top and the scanning crosses are repeated. Note that

no video signal is produced during retrace period in fact in some monitors

the picture tube beam is actually turned off during retrace.

NNEETTWWOORRKK A network is a collection of individual computers, connected by some

physical media and networking devices.