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Architecture Design Studio 5 Integration Project
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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN Centre for Modern Architecture Studies in Southeast Asia
(MASSA)
Bachelor of Science (Honours) (Architecture) BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [ARC3413]
PROJECT 2: Integration with Architecture Design Studio 5
Tutor: Mr Sanjeh Raman
Surayyn Selvan 0309818
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 1.1 ARTIFICAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ] 1.1.1 Flexi Store 1A + 1B 1.1.2 Juice Bar 1.1.3 Kitchen 1.2 DAYLIGHT FACTOR 1.2.1 Flexi Store 9A + 9B 1.2.2 Flexi Store 10A + 10B 1.2.3 Lift Lobby 2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL 2.1 EXTERNAL SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS 2.1.1 Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman 2.1.2 Back Alley 2.2 REVERBERATION TIME 2.2.1 Flexi Store 3A + 3B 2.2.2 Loading / Unloading Bay 2.2.3 Kitchen 2.3 TRANSMISSION LOSS 2.3.1 Flexi Store 7A + 7B 2.3.2 Flexi Store 9A + 9B 2.3.3 Flexi Store 10A + 10B 3.0 REFERENCE LIST 4.0 APPENDIX
1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 1.1 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ] 1.1.1 Flexi Store 1A + 1B
COMPONENT MATERIAL COLOUR FINISH REFLECTANCE VALUE (%)
WALL Brick Brown Matte 20
FLOOR Polished Concrete Gray Glossy 30
WINDOWS Aluminium Frames Silver Glossy 58
Glass Translucent Glossy 60
CEILING Polished Concrete Gray Glossy 20
Type of Fixture DOT 2200 surface mounted downlight
Description 1 bulb, silver reflector
Dimensions Diameter - 245mm Height – 300mm
Type of Lightbulb GE LED Floodlight 89990
Dimensions Diameter - 140mm
Colour Bright White
Temperature 3000K
Wattage 75W
Luminous Flux 950lm
Voltage 18W
Lifespan 25000
Type of Lighting Ambient
Colour Rendering Index 84
1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 1.1 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ] 1.1.1 Flexi Store 1A + 1B Dimension of room (m) 5.75m x 4.8m
Total floor area / A (m2) 27.6 m2
Lumen of lighting fixtures / F (lux)
950
Height of luminaire (m) 3m
Work level (m) 0.8
Mounting height / H (hm)
2.2
Assumption of reflectance value
Ceiling = 0.7 Wall = 0.5 Floor = 0.2
Room Index / RI (K)
K = [ ] K = (5.75 x 4.8) / (5.75 + 4.8) (2.2) = 1.189
Utilization factor / UF Based on Table 4.1
0.47
Standard Luminance (lux)
300
Number of Lamps
N = [ ] (300 x 27.6) / (950 x 0.47 x 0.8) = 23.1 lamps = 24 lamps
Spacing to Height Ratio SHR = 1/(Hm) x A / N
(1 / 2.2) x (27.6 / 24) = 0.52 0.52 x 2.2 = 1.1m Along Wall, 4.8 / 1.1 = 4.36 ~ 4 rows 24 / 4 = 6 lamps per row 5.75 / 6 = 0.96m lamp to lamp
L x M (L + M) hm
E x A (F x UF x MF)
Based on the calculation, the arrangement of the lamps for the store is as follows to allow evenly distributed light throughout the shop when partitioned and when not. Although there are windows located at the entrance of the shop, the spaces would have to achieve a minimum lux level for the fashion items to be properly displayed.
1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 1.1 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ] 1.1.2 Juice Bar [DINING AREA]
COMPONENT MATERIAL COLOUR FINISH REFLECTANCE VALUE (%)
WALL Brick Brown Matte 20
FLOOR Polished Concrete Gray Glossy 30
CEILING Polished Concrete Gray Glossy 20
Type of Fixture 1-Light Brushed Nickel Warehouse Pendant
Description 1 light bulb, silver reflector
Dimensions Diameter – 40mm Height – 500mm
Type of Lightbulb Halogen light bulb
Dimensions Diameter - 60mm
Colour Soft White
Temperature 3000K
Wattage 72W
Luminous Flux 600lm
Voltage 120V
Lifespan 1000 hours
Type of Lighting Task
Colour Rendering Index 100
1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 1.1 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ] 1.1.2 JUICE BAR [DINING AREA] Dimension of room (m) 3.425m x 4.5m
Total floor area / A (m2) 15.4125m2
Lumen of lighting fixtures / F (lux)
400
Height of luminaire (m) 3m
Work level (m) 0.8
Mounting height / H (hm)
2.2
Assumption of reflectance value
Ceiling = 0.7 Wall = 0.5 Floor = 0.2
Room Index / RI (K)
K = [ ] K = (3.425 x 4.5) / (3.425 + 4.5) (2.2) = 0.8
Utilization factor / UF Based on Table 4.1
0.47
Standard Luminance (lux)
200
Number of Lamps
N = [ ] (200 x 15.4125) / (400 x 0.47 x 0.8) = 20.4 lamps = 25 lamps
Spacing to Height Ratio SHR = 1/(Hm) x A / N
(1 / 2.2) x (15.4125 / 25) = 0.28 0.28 x 2.2 = 0.62 m Along Wall, 3.425 / 0.62 = 5.5 ~ 5 rows 25 / 5 = 5 lamps per row 4.5 / 5 = 0.9m lamp to lamp
L x M (L + M) hm
E x A (F x UF x MF)
1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 1.1 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ] 1.1.2 Juice Bar [KITCHEN]
COMPONENT MATERIAL COLOUR FINISH REFLECTANCE VALUE (%)
WALL Brick Brown Matte 20
FLOOR Polished Concrete Gray Glossy 20
CEILING Polished Concrete Gray Glossy 20
Type of Fixture FOTO Pendant Lamp
Description 1 light bulb, silver reflector
Dimensions Diameter – 250mm Height – 400mm
Type of Lightbulb LEDARE LED Bulb E26
Dimensions Diameter - 140mm
Colour Warm White
Temperature 2700 K
Wattage 6.3W
Luminous Flux 400 lm
Voltage 18V
Lifespan 25000 hours
Type of Lighting Ambient
Colour Rendering Index 87
1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 1.1 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ] 1.1.2 JUICE BAR [DINING AREA] Dimension of room (m) 2.425 x 4.5
Total floor area / A (m2) 10.9125
Lumen of lighting fixtures / F (lux)
600
Height of luminaire (m) 3m
Work level (m) 0.8
Mounting height / H (hm)
2.2
Assumption of reflectance value
Ceiling = 0.7 Wall = 0.5 Floor = 0.2
Room Index / RI (K)
K = [ ] K = (2.425 x 4.5) / (2.425 + 4.5) (2.2) = 0.7
Utilization factor / UF Based on table 4.1
0.47
Standard Luminance (lux)
300
Number of Lamps
N = [ ] (300 x 10.9125) / (600 x 0.47 x 0.8) = 14.5 = 16 lamps
Spacing to Height Ratio SHR = 1/(Hm) x A / N
(1 / 2.2) x (10.9125 / 16) = 0.31 0.31 x 2.2 = 0.68 m Along Wall, 2.425 / 0.68 = 3.5 ~ 4 rows 16 / 4 = 4 lamps per row 4.5 / 4 = 1.125m lamp to lamp
L x M (L + M) hm
E x A (F x UF x MF)
Based on the calculation, the arrangement of the lamps for the juice bar is as follows to allow evenly distributed light throughout the kitchen and dining areas. Because of the distance between the kitchen and dining areas, not all the lights in the kitchen have to be operated.
1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 1.1 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ] 1.1.3 Kitchen
COMPONENT MATERIAL COLOUR FINISH REFLECTANCE VALUE (%)
WALL Brick Brown Matte 20
FLOOR Ceramic Tiles Beige Glossy 30
CEILING Polished Concrete Gray Glossy 20
Type of Fixture T8 recess grille lighting fixture
Description 3 light tubes, silver reflector
Dimensions 1195mm X 595mm
Type of Lightbulb LumiluxT8
Dimensions Length - 1250mm
Colour Cool White
Temperature 8000K
Wattage 10W
Luminous Flux 650 lm
Voltage 220V
Lifespan 20000hours
Type of Lighting Task
Colour Rendering Index 80
1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 1.1 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING [ LUMEN METHOD ] 1.1.3 Kitchen Dimension of room (m) 7.2 x 5.2
Total floor area / A (m2) 37.44
Lumen of lighting fixtures / F (lux)
650 x 3 = 1950 lux
Height of luminaire (m) 3.15
Work level (m) 0.8
Mounting height / H (hm)
2.35
Assumption of reflectance value
Ceiling = 0.7 Wall = 0.5 Floor = 0.2
Room Index / RI (K)
K = [ ] K = (7.2 x 5.2) / (7.2 + 5.2) (2.35) = 1.28
Utilization factor / UF Based on Table 4.1
0.47
Standard Luminance (lux)
300
Number of Lamps
N = [ ] (300 x 37.44) / (1950 x 0.47 x 0.8) = 15.31 = 15 lamps
Spacing to Height Ratio SHR = 1/(Hm) x A / N
(1 / 2.35) x (37.44 / 15) = 1.06 1.06 x 2.35 = 2.5 m Along Wall, 5.2 / 2.5 = 2.08 ~ 3 rows 15 / 3 = 5 lamps per row 7.2 / 5 = 1.44m lamp to lamp
L x M (L + M) hm
E x A (F x UF x MF)
Based on the calculation, the arrangement of the lamps for the kitchen is as follows to allow evenly distributed light throughout the spaces for efficient tasking. There are no window openings for the kitchen and therefore, the lights would have to be in operation during the opening hours of the restaurant.
1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 1.2 DAYLIGHT FACTOR 1.2.1 Flexi Store 9A + 9B
Floor Area (m2) 7.8m x 4.8m = 37.88
Window Area [Glazed] (m2) ( 3.6 x 2.75 ) x 2 = 19.8 (1.55 x 2.75) x 2 = 8.525 2.1 x 1 = 2.1
Opening [Unglazed] (m2) -
Total Area [Unglazed + Glazed] (m2) 19.8 + 8.525 + 2.1 =30.425
Daylight Factor (%) (30.425 / 37.88) / 0.1 =8%
Natural Illumination (lux) E0 = 32000 lux
DF = Ei / Eo x 100% 8 = Ei / 32000 x 100% Ei= 2560 lux
The flexi-store is east facing and has many openings thus resulting in a very high daylight factor which is is 8%. Based on Table 4.2, this would result in very high thermal and glare issues within the space. In order to reduce this, shading devices should be installed to reduce the amount of glare in the space. Tinted window panels should be used as well to further enhance the comfort of the space. Relying completely on the shade of the neighboring buildings would not be enough.
1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 1.2 DAYLIGHT FACTOR 1.2.2 Flexi Store 10A + 10B
Floor Area (m2) 7.8m x 4.8m = 37.88
Window Area [Glazed] (m2) ( 3.6 x 2.75 ) x 2 = 19.8 (1.55 x 2.75) x 2 = 8.525 2.1 x 1 = 2.1
Opening [Unglazed] (m2) -
Total Area [Unglazed + Glazed] (m2) 19.8 + 8.525 + 2.1 =30.425
Daylight Factor (%) (30.425 / 37.88) / 0.1 =8%
Natural Illumination (lux) E0 = 32000 lux
DF = Ei / Eo x 100% 8 = Ei / 32000 x 100% Ei= 2560 lux
The flexi-store is east facing and has many openings thus resulting in a very high daylight factor which is is 8%. Based on Table 4.2, this would result in very high thermal and glare issues within the space. In order to reduce this, shading devices should be installed to reduce the amount of glare in the space. Tinted window panels should be used as well to further enhance the comfort of the space. Relying completely on the shade of the neighboring buildings would not be enough.
1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 1.2 DAYLIGHT FACTOR 1.2.3 Lift Lobby
Floor Area (m2) 13.95 x 4.91 = 61.14
Window Area [Glazed] (m2) (4.925 x 2.7) =13.2975 (5.85 x 2.7) =15.795
Opening [Unglazed] (m2) (13.95 x 3.6) =50.22 (4.925 x 0.35) =1.7375 (5.83 x 0.35) =2.0405
Total Area [Unglazed + Glazed] (m2) 13.2975 + 15.795 + 50.22 + 1.7375 + 2.0405 = 83.0305
Daylight Factor (%) (83.0305 / 61.14) / 0.1 =13.5%
Natural Illumination (lux) E0 = 32000 lux
DF = Ei / Eo x 100% 13.5 = Ei / 32000 x 100% Ei= 4320 lux
The lift lobby is west facing and has very large openings thus resulting in a very high daylight factor which is 13.5%. Based on Table 4.2, this would result in extremely high thermal and glare issues within the space. In order to reduce this, shading devices should be installed to reduce the amount of glare in the space. Tinted window panels should be used as well to further enhance the comfort of the space. However, the back alley is narrow and would provide sufficient shading to the lift lobby space.
2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL 2.1 EXTERNAL SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS 2.1.1 Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman
Non- Peak Hours Peak Hours
Highest Sound Level Reading (dB) 79 85
Lowest Sound Level Reading (dB) 75 83
Intensity for Highest Reading 79 = 10 log10 ( Ii / (1 X 10-12) ) I = 7.94 X 10-5
85 = 10 log10 ( Ii / (1 X 10-12) ) I = 3.16 X 10-4
Intensity for Highest Reading 75 = 10 log10 ( Ii / (1 X 10-12) ) I = 3.16 X 10-5
83 = 10 log10 ( Ii / (1 X 10-12) ) I = 2.0 X 10-4
Total Intensity (7.94 X 10-5) + (3.16 X 10-5) = 1.11 X 10-4
(3.16 X 10-4) + (2.0 X 10-4) = 5.16 X 10-4
Sound Pressure Level SPL = 10 log10 ( Ii / Io ) Whereby Io = 1 X 10-12
10 log10[ (1.11 X 10-4) / ( 1 X 10-12)] = 80 dB
10 log10[ (5.16 X 10-4) / ( 1 X 10-12)] = 87 dB
2.1.2 Back Alley Non- Peak Hours Peak Hours
Highest Sound Level Reading (dB) 57 60
Lowest Sound Level Reading (dB) 55 58
Intensity for Highest Reading 57 = 10 log10 ( Ii / (1 X 10-12) ) I = 5.01 X 10-7
60 = 10 log10 ( Ii / (1 X 10-12) ) I = 1 X 10-6
Intensity for Highest Reading 55 = 10 log10 ( Ii / (1 X 10-12) ) I = 3.16 X 10-7
58 = 10 log10 ( Ii / (1 X 10-12) ) I = 6.31 X 10-7
Total Intensity (5.01 X 10-7) + (3.16 X 10-7) = 8.17 X 10-7
(1 X 10-6) + (6.31 X 10-7) = 1.63 X 10-6
Sound Pressure Level SPL = 10 log10 ( Ii / Io ) Whereby Io = 1 X 10-12
10 log10[ (8.17 X 10-7) / ( 1 X 10-12)] = 59dB
10 log10[ (1.63 X 10-6) / ( 1 X 10-12)] = 62dB
2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL 2.2 REVERBERATION TIME 2.2.1 Flexi Store 3A + 3B
Component Material Colour Surface finish
Surface area (m2)
Absorbtion Coefficient
(500Hz)
ABS Unit (m2 sabins)
WALL Brick Wall Brown Matte 54.8154 0.12 6.5778
FLOOR Polished Concrete
Gray Glossy 24.3 0.06 1.458
CEILING Polished Concrete
Gray Glossy 24.3 0.06 1.458
WINDOWS
Aluminium Frame
Silver Glossy 1.36 0.25 0.34
Glass Transparent Glossy 10.73 0.18 1.9314
Total Absorption (A) 11.7652
Total volume :-
= [(5.75 X 1.3 X 2.55) X 2] + ( 4.25 X 2.2 X 2.55 )
= 61.965 m3
t = 0.16V
A
= 0.16(61.965m3)
11.7652
= 0.8 seconds
REVERBERATION TIME
According to AS/NZ 2107:2000 time of less than 1.0 seconds, it can be seen that the Flexi Store has a very low level of reverberation timing. With the presence of the fabrics and textiles, it would be reduced even further. Thus, it is at a comfortable level.
2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL 2.2 REVERBERATION TIME 2.2.2 Loading / Unloading Bay
Component Material Colour Surface finish
Surface area (m2)
Absorbtion Coefficient
(500Hz)
ABS Unit (m2 sabins)
WALL Brick Wall Brown Matte 70.6425 0.12 8.4771
FLOOR Polished Concrete
Gray Glossy 55.98 0.06 3.3588
CEILING Polished Concrete
Gray Glossy 55.98 0.06 3.3588
DOORS Aluminium Silver Glossy 23.7 0.04 0.948
Total Absorption (A) 16.1427
Total volume :-
= 7.2 X 7.775 X 3.15
= 176.337
t = 0.16V
A
= 0.16(176.337m3)
16.1427
= 1.75 seconds
REVERBERATION TIME
According to AS/NZ 2107:2000 time of less than 1.0 seconds, it can be seen that the loading bay has a very long reverberation t i m e . To r e d u c e t h i s , i t w o u l d b e recommended to install acoustic tiles on the walls of the space.
2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL 2.2 REVERBERATION TIME 2.2.3 Kitchen
Component9.2988
Material Colour Surface finish
Surface area (m2)
Absorbtion Coefficient
(500Hz)
ABS Unit (m2 sabins)
WALL Brick Wall Brown Matte 77.49 0.12 9.2988
FLOOR Ceramic Tiles
Beige Glossy 41.04 0.01 0.4104
CEILING Polished Concrete
Gray Glossy 41.04 0.06 2.4624
DOORS Wood Brown Matte 3.78 0.06 0.2268
Total Absorption (A) 12.3984
Total volume :-
= 7.2 X 5.7 X 3.15 = 129.276
t = 0.16V
A
= 0.16(129.276m3)
12.3984
= 1.67 seconds
REVERBERATION TIME
According to AS/NZ 2107:2000 time of less than 1.0 seconds, it can be seen that the loading bay has a very long reverberation t i m e . To r e d u c e t h i s , i t w o u l d b e recommended to install acoustic tiles on the walls of the space.
2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL 2.3 TRANSMISSION LOSS 2.3.1 Flexi Store 7A + 7B
Component Material Area (m2) Sound Reduction Index (SRI)
Transmission Coeficient
Area X Transmission
coefficient
Wall Brick Wall 15.6825 42 6.31 X 10-5 9.9 X 10-4
JALAN TUANKU ABDUL RAHMAN [87dB]
SRI = 10log10 [ 1 / (Tav) ] Whereby, Tav is (S1 X Tc1) + (S2 X Tc2) … / Total Surface Area 42 = 10log10 ( 1 / Tbrick ) Tbrick = 6.31 X 10-5
Total SRI = 10log10 [ 1 / (6.31 X 10-5) ] = 42dB
Sound Pressure Level of store during peak hours 87 dB – 42dB = 45 dB
According the MS1525, the standard Sound Pressure Level of a shop / café is 38- 52dB. It can be seen that the flex-store has a comfortable sound level. With the presence of fabric and textiles in the shop, this will be reduced even further.
2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL 2.3 TRANSMISSION LOSS 2.3.2 Flexi Store 9A + 9B
Component Material Area (m2) Sound Reduction Index (SRI)
Transmission Coeficient
Area X Transmission
coefficient
Wall Brick Wall 4.11 42 6.31 X 10-5 2.59341 X 10-4
Window Single Pane Glass
21.09 35 3.16 X 10-4 6.66444 X 10-3
JALAN TUANKU ABDUL RAHMAN [87dB]
SRI = 10log10 [ 1 / (Tav) ] Whereby, Tav is (S1 X Tc1) + (S2 X Tc2) … / Total Surface Area 42 = 10log10 ( 1 / Tbrick ) Tbrick = 6.31 X 10-5
35= 10log10 ( 1 / Twindow) Twindow= 3.16 X 10-4
Tav = [ (6.31 X 10-5) (4.11) + (3.16 X 10-4)(21.09) ] / (4.11+21.09) = (2.59341 X 10-4) + (6.66444 X 10-3) / 25.2 = 2.7475 X 10-4 Total SRI = 10 log10 [ 1 / (2.7475 X 10-4) ] = 36 dB Sound Pressure Level of store during peak hours 87 dB – 36dB = 51 dB
According the MS1525, the standard Sound Pressure Level of a shop / café is 38- 52dB. It can be seen that the flex-store is slightly below the maximum requirement for a comfortable sound level. With the presence of fabric and textiles in the shop, this will be reduced even further.
2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL 2.3 TRANSMISSION LOSS 2.3.3 Flexi Store 10A + 10B
Component Material Area (m2) Sound Reduction Index (SRI)
Transmission Coeficient
Area X Transmission
coefficient
Wall Brick Wall 4.11 42 6.31 X 10-5 2.59341 X 10-4
Window Single Pane Glass
21.09 35 3.16 X 10-4 6.66444 X 10-3
JALAN TUANKU ABDUL RAHMAN [87dB]
SRI = 10log10 [ 1 / (Tav) ] Whereby, Tav is (S1 X Tc1) + (S2 X Tc2) … / Total Surface Area 42 = 10log10 ( 1 / Tbrick ) Tbrick = 6.31 X 10-5
35= 10log10 ( 1 / Twindow) Twindow= 3.16 X 10-4
Tav = [ (6.31 X 10-5) (4.11) + (3.16 X 10-4)(21.09) ] / (4.11+21.09) = (2.59341 X 10-4) + (6.66444 X 10-3) / 25.2 = 2.7475 X 10-4 Total SRI = 10 log10 [ 1 / (2.7475 X 10-4) ] = 36 dB Sound Pressure Level of store during peak hours 87 dB – 36dB = 51 dB
According the MS1525, the standard Sound Pressure Level of a shop / café is 38- 52dB. It can be seen that the flex-store is slightly below the maximum requirement for a comfortable sound level. With the presence of fabric and textiles in the shop, this will be reduced even further.
3.0 REFERENCE LIST ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS. (n.d.). Retrieved April 22, 2015, from http://www.acoustic.ua/
st/web_absorption_data_eng.pdf Absorption Coefficients of common building materials and finishes. (2014).Retrieved May 01,
2015, from http://www.sae.edu./reference_material/pages/Coefficient %20Chart.htm
AS/NZS 2107 (2000). Acous)cs – Recommended design sound levels and reverbera)on )mes for
building interiors. Australian/New Zealand Standards: Sydney/Wellington. Coefficient Chart. (n.d.). Retrieved April 22,2015, from http://www.sae.edu/
reference_material/pages/Coefficient%20Chart.htm Malaysian Standard : Code of Practice on Energy Efficiency and Use of Renewable Energy f
or Non-Residential Buildings. (2007). Departments of Standards Malaysia. Technical Information. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2015, from http://saudilighting.com/
technicalguide/Photometry.html
4.0 APPENDIX
Table 4.1 Utilization Factor table
Table 4.2 Daylight Factor Distribution