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Project 1: Introduction to HTML 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to HTML
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 2
Project Objectives
• Describe the Internet and its associated key terms• Describe the World Wide Web and its associated key
terms• Identify the types and purposes of Web sites• Discuss Web browsers and identify their purpose
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 3
Project Objectives
• Define Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and the standards used for Web development
• Discuss the use of Cascading Style Sheets in Web development
• Define Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML) and describe its relationship to HTML
• Define Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) and describe its relationship to HTML
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 4
Project Objectives
• Describe tools used to create HTML documents• Discuss the five phases of the Web development
life cycle• Describe Web site design and the purpose of
each Web site structure• Describe the importance of testing throughout the
Web development life cycle
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 5
What Is the Internet?
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks that links millions of computers used by businesses, the government, educational institutions, organizations, and individuals using modems, telephone lines, television cables, and other communications devices and media
• A network is a group of two or more computers that are connected together to share resources and information
• The Internet backbone is a collection of high-speed data lines that connect major computer systems located around the world
• An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that has a permanent connection to the Internet backbone
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 6Chapter 1: Introduction to HTML 6
What Is the Internet?
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 7
What Is the World Wide Web?
• The World Wide Web, also called the Web, is the part of the Internet that supports multimedia and consists of a collection of linked documents
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a set of rules for exchanging text, graphics, sound, and other multimedia files
• Web pages are pages of information on the Web• A Web site is a related collection of Web pages• A home page is the first document users see when they
access a Web siteMore on Web
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 8Chapter 1: Introduction to HTML 8
What Is the World Wide Web?
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 9
Web Servers
• Web pages are stored on a Web server, or host, which is a computer that stores and sends (serves) requested Web pages and other files
• Publishing is copying Web pages and other files to a Web server– After the page is published available for viewing by
anyone in the world on the Web
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 10
Web Site Types and Purposes
• Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet
More on Web
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 11
Web Browsers
• A Web browser, also called a browser, is a program that interprets and displays Web pages and enables you to view and interact with a Web page– Microsoft Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox
• A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the address of a document or other file accessible on the Internet– http://www.scsite.com/html4e/index.htm
• A hyperlink, also called a link, is an element used to connect one Web page to another
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 12
Web BrowsersMenu barwith links
URL inAddress bar
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 13
What Is Hypertext Markup Language?
• Web pages are created using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), which is the authoring language used to create documents on the World Wide Web
• HTML uses a set of special instructions called tags or markup to define the structure and layout of a Web document and specify how the page is displayed in a browser
• HTML is platform independent, meaning you can create, or code, an HTML file on one type of computer and then use a browser on another type of computer to view that file as a Web page
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 14
DOCTYPE tag
Start HTML tag
Strong start tag
Paragraph start tag
Horizontal rule tag
End </html> tagindicates end of
HTML file
Bold (strong) text
Horizontal rule
Paragraph break
Paragraph text
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 16
HTML Coding Practices
• Separate sections of HTML code with spaces– Gives an immediate view of the sections of code
that relate to one another– HTML browsers ignore spaces
• Spaces inserted within code will not appear on the Web page
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 17
Blank lines willnot be displayed
in browser
Section of code for table
Start paragraph
End paragraph
Section of code for bulleted list
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 18
HTML Versions
• HTML has gone through several versions, each of which expands the capabilities of HTML
• The most recent version of HTML is HTML 4.01• Most browsers still support previous HTML
versions 3.2 and 2.0• W3C maintains HTML standards or specifications
More on Web
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 19
Cascading Style Sheets
• With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), you write code that allows you to control an element within a single Web page or throughout the entire Web site– Recommended for large Web sites– Example changing a headline style in a Web site
containing hundreds of pages easier to do using CSS instead of recoding individual headline links
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 20
Cascading Style Sheets
h1,h2,h3{font-family: "lucida calligraphy", arial, 'sans serif'; }
p,table,li,{font-family: "lucida calligraphy", arial, 'sans serif'; margin-left: 10pt;}
Body{background-color:#fffaf0;}
p,li,th,td{font-size: 75%;}
h1,h2,h3,hr {color:#483d8b;}
table {border-style:outset}li {list-style: square;)
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 21
Dynamic HTML (DHTML)
• Dynamic HTML (DHTML) describes a combination of HTML tags, CSS, and a scripting language such as JavaScript
• DHTML allows users to create interactive, animated Web pages
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 22
Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)
• Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that uses tags to describe the structure and content of a document, not the format– Common data format used to transmit data across
the internet• Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (
XHTML) is a reformulation of HTML so it conforms to Extensible Markup Language (XML) rules
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 23
Extensible Markup Language<?xml version="1.0" ?> - <productlist>
- <product> <code>978-979-53-00</code> <name>Waterford Crystal Business Card Holder</name> <price>59.00</price> <category>Waterford</category> <image>529.gif</image> <rating>3</rating> </product>- <product> <code>0911</code> <name>Belleek Colleen Vase</name> <price>34.00</price> <category>Belleek</category> <image>566.gif</image> <rating>2</rating> </product>- <product> <code>0090</code> <name>Cashill Clock by Belleek</name> <price>110.00</price> <category>Belleek</category> <image>555.gif</image> <rating>4</rating> </product>
</productlist>
More on Web
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 24Chapter 1: Introduction to HTML 24
Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 25
Tools for Creating HTML Documents
• A text editor is a program that allows a user to enter, change, save, and print text, such as HTML
• An HTML editor is a program that provides basic text-editing functions, as well as more advanced features, such as color-coding for various HTML tags, menus to insert HTML tags, and spell checkers
• An HTML object editor, such as Adobe GoLive, provides the additional functionality of an outline editor that allows you to expand and collapse HTML objects and properties, edit parameters, and view graphics attached to the expanded objects
• A WYSIWYG editor is a program that provides a graphical user interface that allows a developer to preview the Web page during its development
More on Web
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 26
Tools for Creating HTML Documents
End italics tag
Text will be displayed in italics
on Web page
Start italics tag
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 27Chapter 1: Introduction to HTML 27
Web Development Life Cycle
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 28
Web Development Life Cycle
Chapter 1: Introduction to HTML 28
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 29Chapter 1: Introduction to HTML 29
Web Site Design and Development
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 30
Web Site Design and Development
• A linear Web site structure connects Web pages in a straight line
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 31
Web Site Design and Development
• A hierarchical Web site structure connects Web pages in a tree-like structure
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 32
Web Site Design and Development
• A webbed Web site structure has no set organization
More on Web
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 33
Web Site Design and Development
• A broad Web site is one in which the home page is the main index page, and all other Web pages are linked individually to the home page
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 34
Web Site Design and Development
• A deep Web site is one that has many levels of pages, requiring the user to click many times to reach a particular Web page
More on Web
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 35
Web Site Testing(basic steps testing content and functionality)
• Proofreading content and page titles for spelling• Checking links are not broken • Checking graphics appear properly• Ensure accessibility, internationalization
addressed• Testing forms and other interactive elements • Testing pages make sure they load quickly• Printing each page see how they look• Review HTML code to meet W3C standards
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 36
Web Site Testing
• Usability is the measure of how well a product, such as a Web site, allows a user to accomplish his or her goals
• Usability testing is a method by which users of a Web site or other product are asked to perform certain tasks in an effort to measure the product’s ease-of-use and the user’s perception of the experience
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 37
Web Site Testing
More on Web
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 38
Project Summary
• Describe the Internet and its associated key terms• Describe the World Wide Web and its associated key
terms• Identify the types and purposes of Web sites• Discuss Web browsers and identify their purpose
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 39
Project Summary
• Define Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and the standards used for Web development
• Discuss the use of Cascading Style Sheets in Web development
• Define Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML) and describe its relationship to HTML
• Define Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) and describe its relationship to HTML
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 40
Project Summary
• Describe tools used to create HTML documents• Discuss the five phases of the Web development
life cycle• Describe Web site design and the purpose of each
Web site structure• Describe the importance of testing throughout the
Web development life cycle
Project 1: Introduction to HTML 41
Chapter 1 Complete
Introduction to HTML