Progressivism Section 1 ALCOS: 2.2 Objectives Students will identify the causes of Progressivism Students will analyze the role that journalists played in the Progressive Movement Students will be able to explain what Progressives hoped to achieve through political reforms Why Now? No more American frontier 1890 Census Frederick Jackson Turner The Significance of the Frontier in American History (1893) The frontier had shaped American character Technological Advances Printing and Photography made issues easier to document and share Urbanization 1890 US Census Map Four Goals Promoting Social Welfare Promoting Moral Improvement Creating Economic Reform Fostering Efficiency Promoting Social Welfare Social Gospel Movement YMCA (Young Mens Christian Association) Libraries, classes, sports Salvation Army Florence Kelley Chief inspector of factories in Illinois Pushed for the Illinois Factory Act in 1893 Limited womens working hours and eliminated child labor Promoting Moral Improvement Prohibition Temperance Movement 18 th Amendment (1919) Anti-Saloon League Creating Economic Reform Panic of 1893 Corruption in RRs Concern over tariffs 15,000 businesses & 500 banks collapsed Socialism Eugene V. Debs American Socialist Party 1901 Muckrakers Journalists who exposed corruption in businesses and society Ida M. Tarbell Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives Unions Fostering Efficiency Social Jurisprudence Justice Louis Brandeis Focused on the facts as opposed to the argument Scientific Management Fredrick Winslow Taylor Improved factory efficiency Figure out how long it will take to complete a task Changes to Local Government Commissions Galveston, Texas Hurricane 1900 5 member commission led the relief and recovery effort City Councils City Managers Mayors Hazen Pingree Detroit, Michigan ( ) Tom Johnson Cleveland, Ohio ( ) Socialist Wanted to clean up and reform major cities State Government Robert La Follette Wisconsin (Gov ) (Sen ) Wanted corporations out of government Targeted RRs Braxton Bragg Comer Alabama ( ) Education Increased funding 1 high school in every county Railroad Child Labor Many immigrant children sent to work Made even lower wages than adults More suspect to injury National Child Labor Committee (1904) Investigated child labor Keating-Owen Act (1916) Prohibited transportation of goods across two states that were made using child labor Child Labor Working Hour Limitations Muller v. Oregon (1908) Louis Brandeis, Florence Kelley Limited women to a 10 hour work day Bunting v. Oregon (1917) Allowed for a 10 hour work day for men Workers compensation Death benefits Election Reform Oregon adopts secret ballot Also adds initiative, referendum, and recall Gave the citizens more power in government 20 states adopt these by 1920 Primary System Minnesota (1899) Allowed the citizens choose candidates for public office 2/3 of nation has primary system by 1915 17 th Amendment Previously, state legislature selected its US Senators Amendment allows for direct election of US Senators by the people May 31, 1913 Section 2 ALCOS: 2.1, 2.2 Objectives Students will analyze the impact of changes in womens education on womens roles in society Students will explain what women did to win worker rights and to improve family life Students will evaluate the tactics women used to win passage of the Nineteenth Amendment Women in Progressivism Working Women 1 in 5 women had jobs Farm Tended to the house Assisted in the fields and raised livestock Industry 25% of working women are in manufacturing Paid lower wages Office jobs Working in homes Cleaned homes for other families Reform Leaders Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911) 146 workers killed Education Vassar College (1865) Faculty Men:8 Women: 22 Smith College, Wellesley College Reform Social Housekeeping National Association of Colored Women (NACW) Susan B. Anthony National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Suffrage Strategy Gain voting rights through state legislation Wyoming (1869), Utah/Colorado/Idaho (1890s) Court Cases Challenge the 14 th Amendment Amend the US Constitution Elizabeth Cady Stanton 19 th Amendment (1920)