Progressive Progressive ReformsReforms

Standard 11.2.Standard 11.2.9. 9. Understand the effect of Understand the effect of political programs and activities of the political programs and activities of the ProgressivesProgressives (e.g., federal regulation of (e.g., federal regulation of railroad transport, Children's Bureau, the railroad transport, Children's Bureau, the Sixteenth Amendment, Theodore Roosevelt, Sixteenth Amendment, Theodore Roosevelt, Hiram Johnson).Hiram Johnson).

Essential QuestionEssential Question

What were the major What were the major political, economic, and political, economic, and social reforms of the social reforms of the Progressive Era?Progressive Era?

Progressive MovementProgressive Movement

A movement during the Industrial A movement during the Industrial Revolution that aimed to restore Revolution that aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life.injustices in American life.

Goals:Goals: Protecting social welfareProtecting social welfare Promoting moral improvementPromoting moral improvement Creating economic reformCreating economic reform Fostering efficiencyFostering efficiency

Why it BeganWhy it Began

People wanted to reform People wanted to reform the ills of society during the ills of society during the Industrial Revolution.the Industrial Revolution.

Progressive GroupsProgressive Groups Progressives:Progressives: People who wanted to People who wanted to

reform government and society.reform government and society.

Muckrakers: Muckrakers: Journalists who wrote about Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines during life in mass circulation magazines during the early 20the early 20thth century. century.

Social Gospel: Social Gospel: An early reform program An early reform program that preached salvation through service that preached salvation through service to the poor.to the poor.

Why were these groups Why were these groups significant? Write your significant? Write your answers next to each answers next to each group.group.

Progressive Progressive ReformsReforms

Regulation of the Regulation of the RailroadRailroad InformationInformation Interstate Commerce Act Interstate Commerce Act

RR’s could not fix pricesRR’s could not fix prices Set RR ratesSet RR rates

Elkins ActElkins Act RR could not give RR could not give

rebatesrebates Hepburn ActHepburn Act

Limited # of free passes Limited # of free passes (prevented bribery)(prevented bribery)

SignificanceSignificance Increased competition Increased competition

between RR’sbetween RR’s Lowered pricesLowered prices Increased valueIncreased value Decreased briberyDecreased bribery

Sherman Anti-Trust ActSherman Anti-Trust Act

InformationInformation Outlawed trusts Outlawed trusts

(monopolies)(monopolies)

SignificanceSignificance Increased competitionIncreased competition

Decreased pricesDecreased prices Increased value of Increased value of

productsproducts Incentive to make new Incentive to make new

and better productsand better products Monopolies are still Monopolies are still

outlawed todayoutlawed today

Children’s BureauChildren’s Bureau

InformationInformation investigated and investigated and

reported reported "upon all "upon all matters pertaining to matters pertaining to the welfare of the welfare of children.”children.”

SignificanceSignificance Child labor laws were Child labor laws were

created.created.

Workers CompensationWorkers Compensation

InformationInformation If workers were hurt If workers were hurt

on the job they were on the job they were fired.fired.

SignificanceSignificance Gave aid to families Gave aid to families

of workers who were of workers who were hurt or killed on the hurt or killed on the job. Continues today.job. Continues today.

1616thth Amendment Amendment

InformationInformation Lower tariff rates = Lower tariff rates =

not enough $ for not enough $ for government government expenditures.expenditures.

SignificanceSignificance

Created a federal Created a federal income tax. income tax. Continues today.Continues today.

1717thth Amendment Amendment

InformationInformation Senators were Senators were

chosen by state chosen by state legislatures and legislatures and therefore Senators therefore Senators were shielded from were shielded from direct public direct public pressure.pressure.

SignificanceSignificance

Direct election of Direct election of Senators (the Senators (the people choose people choose their state their state Senators)Senators)

Pure Food and Drug ActPure Food and Drug Act

InformationInformation Unsanitary Unsanitary

conditionsconditions No labels on foodNo labels on food

SignificanceSignificance Continues to protect Continues to protect

consumers against consumers against unsafe drugs and unsafe drugs and foodsfoods

I will be reading an I will be reading an excerpt from the excerpt from the book book The JungleThe Jungle from Upton Sinclairfrom Upton Sinclair

Put your head down Put your head down and close your eyes.and close your eyes.

Try to visualize the Try to visualize the events.events.

Compulsary Education Compulsary Education Laws Laws

InformationInformation Children were Children were

working rather than working rather than going to schoolgoing to school

SignificanceSignificance laws requiring laws requiring

children to attend children to attend school school

number of high number of high schools doubled schools doubled between 1900 and between 1900 and 19201920

Other ReformsOther Reforms

Commission planCommission plan

What was the Problem?What was the Problem?

City Gov. proved City Gov. proved incapable of incapable of responding to natural responding to natural disaster. disaster.

How Was it FixedHow Was it Fixed Major city council Major city council

replaced by replaced by commissioners commissioners chosen in a non- chosen in a non- partisan election. partisan election. Ran city like a Ran city like a business . business .

City-manager planCity-manager plan

What was the problem?What was the problem? Needed expert advice Needed expert advice

(i.e.-technical engineers)(i.e.-technical engineers)

How was it fixed?How was it fixed? City council hired a City council hired a

professional manager to professional manager to run city government. run city government.

Direct PrimariesDirect Primaries

What was the problem?What was the problem? Party basses controlled Party basses controlled

the selection of the selection of convention delegates, convention delegates, election candidates. election candidates.

How was it fixed?How was it fixed? A preliminary election in A preliminary election in

which voters choose which voters choose candidates for the candidates for the general election general election

InitiativeInitiative

What was the Problem?What was the Problem?

Big business and Big business and party bosses had to party bosses had to much control over much control over state legislatives .state legislatives .

How was it fixed?How was it fixed? Allowed a group of Allowed a group of

citizens to introduce citizens to introduce legislation , required the legislation , required the legislature to vote on it .legislature to vote on it .

Referendum Referendum

What was the Problem?What was the Problem?

Big business and Big business and party bosses had to party bosses had to much control over much control over state legislatives .state legislatives .

How was it fixed?How was it fixed? Allowed proposed Allowed proposed

legislation to be legislation to be submitted to the submitted to the voters for approvalvoters for approval

Recall Recall

What was the Problem?What was the Problem? Big business and party Big business and party

bosses had to much bosses had to much control over state control over state legislativeslegislatives

How Was it FixedHow Was it Fixed Allowed voters to Allowed voters to

remove an elected remove an elected official from office by official from office by holding a special holding a special election.election.

Insurance regulations Insurance regulations

What was the What was the Problem?Problem?

Bribery of elected Bribery of elected officials officials

How Was it FixedHow Was it Fixed Regulated insurance Regulated insurance

companies + protected companies + protected interests of policy interests of policy holdersholders

City zoning laws City zoning laws

What was the Problem?What was the Problem? TenementsTenements

How Was it FixedHow Was it Fixed Laws regulating how Laws regulating how

land + buildings could be land + buildings could be usedused

Meat Inspection Act Meat Inspection Act

What was the Problem?What was the Problem? Unsanitary conditions in Unsanitary conditions in

slaughter houses slaughter houses

How was it fixed?How was it fixed? Regulated the content Regulated the content

and inspection of food, and inspection of food, prohibited the use of prohibited the use of addictive drugs + addictive drugs + required labelsrequired labels

1818thth Amendment Amendment

What was the What was the Problem?Problem?

Alcohol was Alcohol was corrupting societycorrupting society

How was it fixed?How was it fixed? Prohibited alcohol. Prohibited alcohol.

Repealed by the 23Repealed by the 23rdrd amendment in 1933amendment in 1933

Consumer Protection Laws Consumer Protection Laws

What was the What was the Problem?Problem?

Consumers did not Consumers did not know what they were know what they were purchasing – no purchasing – no return policiesreturn policies

How was it fixed?How was it fixed? Labels required on Labels required on

all food. all food. Return policies Return policies

became mandatory.became mandatory.

Essential QuestionEssential Question

What were the major What were the major political, economic, and political, economic, and social reforms of the social reforms of the Progressive Era?Progressive Era?