Progressive Progressive PresidentsPresidents

Teddy Roosevelt:Teddy Roosevelt:Republican reformerRepublican reformer

Thinking SkillThinking Skill: Explicitly assess Presidential : Explicitly assess Presidential reforms and draw conclusions about their reforms and draw conclusions about their impactimpact

"This country will not be a permanently good place for any of us to live in unless we make it a reasonably good place for all of us to live in."Chicago, IL, June 17, 1912

“TR” the President

Used the Presidency as a “Bully Pulpit”: He pressured politicians to enact reforms by using his popularity with the American public. In doing so, he expanded the powers of

the American Presidency.

United Mine Workers Union United Mine Workers Union StrikeStrike

May 1902 coal miners demand higher wages, May 1902 coal miners demand higher wages, shorter hours, recognitionshorter hours, recognition

How did previous Presidents handle labor strikes?How did previous Presidents handle labor strikes? How did TR handle the United Mineworkers Union How did TR handle the United Mineworkers Union

strike?strike? Invited owners and union leaders to DCInvited owners and union leaders to DC Threatened to have federal troops take over Threatened to have federal troops take over

minesmines Precedent: first U.S. President to intervene on Precedent: first U.S. President to intervene on

side of workersside of workers Negotiated & miners won 10% pay increase and Negotiated & miners won 10% pay increase and

reduced workday from 10 to 9 hoursreduced workday from 10 to 9 hours

A “Square Deal” for All A “Square Deal” for All AmericansAmericans

Goal: prevent wealthy and powerful Goal: prevent wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small from taking advantage of small businesses and the poorbusinesses and the poor

Began enforcing the Sherman Anti-Began enforcing the Sherman Anti-trust Acttrust Act 11stst anti-trust lawsuit against JP Morgan’s anti-trust lawsuit against JP Morgan’s

Northern Securities Company (RR) in 1901Northern Securities Company (RR) in 1901 5-4 vote Supreme Court dissolved NSC5-4 vote Supreme Court dissolved NSC

How does How does the cartoon the cartoon depict TR’s depict TR’s

stance stance toward toward trusts?trusts?

From Trustbusting to From Trustbusting to RegulatingRegulating

Elkins Act (1903)- outlawed rebates on RR Elkins Act (1903)- outlawed rebates on RR freightsfreights

Hepburn Act (1906)- ICC could set Hepburn Act (1906)- ICC could set maximum RR rates and examine RR maximum RR rates and examine RR financesfinances

Meat Inspection Act (1906)- provided for Meat Inspection Act (1906)- provided for inspection of meat packing plantsinspection of meat packing plants

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)- required Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)- required accurate ingredient labels and prohibited accurate ingredient labels and prohibited unproven claims about a productunproven claims about a product

Roosevelt was an avid hunter

Conservation MovementConservation Movement PreservationistsPreservationists- John Muir, Sierra Club - John Muir, Sierra Club

sought to maintain wilderness areas for sought to maintain wilderness areas for beauty and aestheticsbeauty and aesthetics

DevelopersDevelopers- Big business sought to - Big business sought to exploit resources for economic gainexploit resources for economic gain Mining, timber, farmers, ranchersMining, timber, farmers, ranchers

ConservationistsConservationists- Gifford Pinchot, U.S. - Gifford Pinchot, U.S. Forest Service sought to scientifically Forest Service sought to scientifically manage lands for both public and manage lands for both public and commercial usecommercial use

Distinction b/w Preservation & Distinction b/w Preservation & ConservationConservation

TR and

John Muir at Yosemite

"The "The conservation of conservation of natural resources natural resources is the is the fundamental fundamental problem. Unless problem. Unless we solve that we solve that problem it will problem it will avail us little to avail us little to solve all others."solve all others."- TR’s Address at - TR’s Address at Deep Waterway Deep Waterway Convention Convention

Oct. 4, 1907Oct. 4, 1907

William Howard TaftWilliam Howard Taft TR haunted by 1904 promise not to run for re-electionTR haunted by 1904 promise not to run for re-election

Wanted successor to continue “my policies”Wanted successor to continue “my policies” Helped Taft win 1908 election (against Bryan)Helped Taft win 1908 election (against Bryan)

Past Experience:Past Experience: Attorney, JudgeAttorney, Judge Oversight of Philippines under McKinleyOversight of Philippines under McKinley TR’s Secretary of WarTR’s Secretary of War

Moderate Republican reformer:Moderate Republican reformer: 2 times as many lawsuits against trusts2 times as many lawsuits against trusts Rift with Teddy Roosevelt and ProgressivesRift with Teddy Roosevelt and Progressives

Lawsuit against U.S. SteelLawsuit against U.S. Steel Unsuccessful in getting Congress to lower tariffsUnsuccessful in getting Congress to lower tariffs Fired Pinchot for criticizing BallingerFired Pinchot for criticizing Ballinger

Teddy Roosevelt enters 1912 Teddy Roosevelt enters 1912 Election CampaignElection Campaign

Teddy Roosevelt “New Nationalism”Teddy Roosevelt “New Nationalism” Regulation of business to serve public Regulation of business to serve public

interestinterest Taft vs. RooseveltTaft vs. Roosevelt

Contentious Republican conventionContentious Republican convention Roosevelt runs under (“Bull Moose”) Roosevelt runs under (“Bull Moose”)

Progressive Party Progressive Party Republican vote is split between the twoRepublican vote is split between the two

Woodrow Wilson wins ElectionWoodrow Wilson wins Election Taft – taught law at YaleTaft – taught law at Yale

Chief Justice of Supreme Court (1921)Chief Justice of Supreme Court (1921)

Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson Democratic Progressive ReformerDemocratic Progressive Reformer ““New Freedom” – govt. reg. of economyNew Freedom” – govt. reg. of economy Reigning in Banks, Tariffs, TrustsReigning in Banks, Tariffs, Trusts

Underwood Tariff Bill (1913)Underwood Tariff Bill (1913) Increased CompetitionIncreased Competition Launched income taxLaunched income tax

Federal Reserve ActFederal Reserve Act Regulate banks and reserve fundsRegulate banks and reserve funds Sets interest RatesSets interest Rates

Clayton Antitrust Act – outlawed certain Clayton Antitrust Act – outlawed certain business practicesbusiness practices

Presidential LegaciesPresidential Legacies

What impact did each President’s What impact did each President’s actions have on the nation? On the actions have on the nation? On the Presidency?Presidency?

Which Progressive President do you Which Progressive President do you believe made the best contributions?believe made the best contributions?