Progressive PresidentsProgressive PresidentsChapter 21 Section 3Chapter 21 Section 3

Theodore Roosevelt

1901-1909

William Howard Taft

1909-1913

Woodrow Wilson

1913-1921

Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt2626thth President-Republican President-Republican

(1901)(1901) Became President when McKinley Became President when McKinley

was assassinated in 1901.was assassinated in 1901. Brought progressive ideas to the Brought progressive ideas to the

White House.White House. At that time he was the youngest At that time he was the youngest

President in history.President in history.

The Trustbuster/RooseveltThe Trustbuster/Roosevelt

Roosevelt Roosevelt supported Progressive reformssupported Progressive reforms 19021902-Ordered -Ordered Justice DepartmentJustice Department to take to take

legal action againstlegal action against certain certain trusts.trusts. First Target: Northern Securities CompanyFirst Target: Northern Securities Company NSC railroad monopoly that controlled NSC railroad monopoly that controlled

transportation in the Northwest.transportation in the Northwest. NSC fought the chargesNSC fought the charges 1904 Supreme Court ordered trust taken 1904 Supreme Court ordered trust taken

apart.apart.

The Trustbuster At Work/RooseveltThe Trustbuster At Work/Roosevelt

25 indictments25 indictments against trusts in beef, oil against trusts in beef, oil and tobacco industryand tobacco industry

Roosevelt felt that Roosevelt felt that not all trusts should be not all trusts should be broken up.broken up.

These These trusts should be regulated, not trusts should be regulated, not destroyed.destroyed.

Labor Crisis/RooseveltLabor Crisis/Roosevelt

1902 Coal miners strike1902 Coal miners strike, members of , members of United Mine United Mine WorkersWorkersThey demanded better pay, 8 hour workday and They demanded better pay, 8 hour workday and recognition of union rights. The coal strike lasted for recognition of union rights. The coal strike lasted for months months Roosevelt Roosevelt forced mine owners and workers to agree to forced mine owners and workers to agree to arbitration.arbitration.Arbitration is the Arbitration is the settling of a disputesettling of a dispute by agreeing to by agreeing to accept the decision ofaccept the decision of an impartial an impartial outsider.outsider.Mine workers won better pay and an 8 hour workday.Mine workers won better pay and an 8 hour workday.They did not gain recognition for the union.They did not gain recognition for the union.

Square Deal/RooseveltSquare Deal/Roosevelt

Roosevelt’s Roosevelt’s slogan for reelection in 1904slogan for reelection in 1904 Promised Americans Promised Americans equal treatment for allequal treatment for all.. Roosevelt won with 57% of the popular vote.Roosevelt won with 57% of the popular vote. Roosevelt Roosevelt called forcalled for a considerable amount of a considerable amount of

government regulation of business.government regulation of business. This was in contrast with the attitude of government This was in contrast with the attitude of government

towards business dating back to Thomas Jefferson. towards business dating back to Thomas Jefferson. The term laissez faire, from Jefferson’s era, means The term laissez faire, from Jefferson’s era, means

“let the People do as they choose.”“let the People do as they choose.” Roosevelt aimed to change this attitude through Roosevelt aimed to change this attitude through

government regulation.government regulation.

Conserving the WildernessConserving the WildernessRooseveltRoosevelt

►As president Roosevelt took steps to As president Roosevelt took steps to conserve the country’s natural conserve the country’s natural resources, forests, water and mineral resources, forests, water and mineral deposits.deposits.

► In In 19051905 he proposed the he proposed the U.S. ForestU.S. Forest ServiceService. He pressured Congress to set . He pressured Congress to set aside millions of acres of national aside millions of acres of national forests and created the first wildlife forests and created the first wildlife sanctuaries.sanctuaries. http://www.fs.fed.us/

William Howard TaftWilliam Howard Taft2727thth President-Republican (1908) President-Republican (1908)

Taft Taft defeated William Jennings Bryandefeated William Jennings Bryan in the election of in the election of 19081908..

Taft went beyond many of Taft went beyond many of Roosevelt’s policies.Roosevelt’s policies.

Taft won more anti-trust cases and Taft won more anti-trust cases and favored safety standards for mines favored safety standards for mines and railroads.and railroads.

1616thth Amendment/Taft Amendment/Taft

Taft supported the Taft supported the 1616thth Amendment Amendment which which gave Congress the power to gave Congress the power to tax peoples’ tax peoples’ income.income.

The The income taxincome tax would would generate revenuegenerate revenue for for the federal government. the federal government.

Election of 1912Election of 1912Taft: Republican, Roosevelt: ProgressiveTaft: Republican, Roosevelt: Progressive

Wilson: DemocratWilson: Democrat

Roosevelt challenges Taft for Roosevelt challenges Taft for Republican nomination.Republican nomination.

Roosevelt formedRoosevelt formed new party, new party,

the the Progressive PartyProgressive Party Roosevelt’s party was also called the Roosevelt’s party was also called the

BullBull Moose PartyMoose Party, after Roosevelt , after Roosevelt stated he was as strong as a bull stated he was as strong as a bull moose when questioned about his moose when questioned about his health.health.

Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson2828thth President: Democrat 1912 President: Democrat 1912

Wilson defeated Roosevelt and Taft Wilson defeated Roosevelt and Taft in the election of 1912in the election of 1912

His plan was called “New Freedom.”His plan was called “New Freedom.” Lowered tariffs on imported goods.Lowered tariffs on imported goods.

Wilson’s AccomplishmentsWilson’s Accomplishments

1913- Federal Reserve Act1913- Federal Reserve Act

Regulated bankingRegulated banking 1914- Federal Trade Commission-1914- Federal Trade Commission-

Investigated corporations for unfair Investigated corporations for unfair trade practices.trade practices.

1914- Clayton Anti-Trust Act1914- Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Weapon against trustsWeapon against trusts

Quiz

1. What department took action against trusts?2. What is arbitration?3. What group did Roosevelt force to agree to arbitration?4. What act regulated banking?5. Who won the 1912 presidential election?6. What did the 16th Amendment establish?7.The Progressive Party was also known as the __________ Party.8. Who won the election of 1908?9. Who was defeated in the election of 1908?10. Roosevelt’s promise to the people in the 1904 election:

Answers

1. Justice Department2. Intervention by a third party, not affiliated with either side, in

negotiations3. United Mine Workers4. Federal Reserve Act5. Woodrow Wilson/Democrat6. Income Tax7. Bull Moose Party8. William Henry Taft/Republican9. William Jennings Bryan10. Square Deal