Progressive Ppt 121214

8/10/2019 Progressive Ppt 121214

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PROJECT TITLEThe impact of Power plant on the Quality of soil for construction


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Introduction:-

A power plant can affect the environment by its construction and its operation. Theseeffects, or impacts, can be either temporary or permanent. A power plant and itsauxiliary components (e.g. natural gas pipelines, water intakes and discharge, coaldelivery and storage systems, new transmission lines and waste disposal sites) take up

space on the ground and in the air, use of water resources and in most cases, emit pollutants into the air. The plants footprint on the ground eliminates opportunities forothers to purchase or use the land. t can also affect the existing or future uses ofad!oining and nearby land parcels. A coal"fired plant includes some relatively tall

buildings and high exhaust stacks. The plants height may result in safety concerns foraircraft or visual impacts for local landowners. f the land to be used for the power

plant is a #$reenfield%, an undeveloped parcel with mostly vegetation (crops, pasture,or old"field vegetation), there would be impacts on land use, soils, and wildlife

present on the site. A variety of solid wastes can be produced, and these must behandled. The combustion of coal creates ash as a solid waste.


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&oal"fired power plants re'uire an efficient, reliable and long term means of coaldelivery, usually by rail or barage nearby road or rail traffic might be complicated or

burdened by construction traffic and the delivery of materials, particularly large items. oise levels in neighborhoods might increase during construction, and power plantoperation also creates noise and vibration. The cooling towers of an operating power

plant can also create fog and rime ice. Air space issues and compatibility with localland use must be considered in light of the space the power plant occupies and theway it operates. All of the electricity"generating plants considered here work by

turning turbines in a magnetic field to generate electricity. ower plants arecategori*ed according to the power source that turns their turbines. t is these sourcesthat create the power plant emissions that affect our water. &oal"fired power plantemissions are scrubbed from chimneys and dumped into nearby rivers.


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These facilities burn coal to create the steam that drives turbines. &urrently coal"fired plants are controlling their air emissions well, but doing so at the expense of ourwaterways. +ost of the countrys coal"fired plants have installed scrubbers in theirchimneys that spray the power plant emissions with !ets of water and chemicals,trapping and washing down particulates before they can escape into the air. This dirtywater is then dumped into the nearest river or nearby area.

The production of energy from a fuel source can be direct, such as the burning ofcoal in a fireplace to create heat, or by the conversion of heat energy into mechanical

energy by the use of a heat engine. xamples of heat engines include steam engines,turbines, and internal combustion engines. -eat engines work on the principal ofheating and pressuring a fluid, the performance of mechanical work, and there!ection of unused or waste heat to a sink.


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-eat engines can only convert / to 0/ percent of the available input energy in thefuel source into mechanical energy, and the highest efficiencies are obtained when theinput temperature is as high as possible and the sink temperature is as low as possible.1ater is a very efficient and economical sink for heat engines and it is commonlyused in electrical generating stations.

The waste heat from electrical generating stations is transferred to cooling waterobtained from local water bodies. 2arge amounts of water are used to keep the sinktemperature as low as possible to maintain a high thermal efficiency. ndra!it power

private limited,( n*apur), 1ardha that have a total operating capacity of 3/

megawatts (+1). These reactors circulate a total of 4/ million gallons per day(+$5) of water.

The emission of gases from Thermal ower lant is 6ox, 7x, -ydrocarbons, &oal5ust and articulate +atter having +8/ 9 +:.;. These are some air pollutingchemical compounds which is also affecting the soil properties for construction.


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n wardha district the soil is black cotton soil 9 red soil .

black cotton soil 9 red soil is one such group which suffers most due to degradation problems cause by natural process 9 human activity. These soils are widelydistributed in the semi"arid to humid tropical regions 9 are potentially arable lands

they are prone to severe water erosion 9 nutrient losses due to excessive rainfall 9leaching.

67 2 is essentially a non"renewable resource and not only a part of ecosystems, butalso occupies a basic role for humans, because the survival of man is tied to themaintenance of its productivity. 6oil has very important and complex functions asfilter, buffer, storage and transformation system, protecting the global eco"systemagainst the effects of pollution. These functions of soil are not unlimited, but areeffective as long as soil properties and natural balance are preserved. nformationavailable suggest that, over recent decades, there has been a significant increase ofsoil degradation processes, and there is evidence that they will further increase if noaction is taken.


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6oil should be used in a sustainable manner which preserves its capacity to deliver

ecological, economic and social services, while maintaining its functions so that futuregenerations can meet their needs. 6oils normally contain low background levels of heavymetals (#heavy metals% is an inexact term used to describe more than a do*en elementsthat are metals or metalloids < elements that have both metal and nonmetalcharacteristics).


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Climate Conditions.

The black cotton soil 9 red soil 7ccur in the tropical 9 sub tropical conditions wererainfall varies from =// to 0/// mm 9 mean annual temp. >aries between :: to / /&with narrow differences between mean summer 9 winter soil temp.


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Monitoring.

The soils are highly variable in nature? they behave differently 9 are sub!ected toerosion, droughtiness, crusting, etc. due to environmental effect, especially rainfall. tis therefore , desirable to monitor soil health periodically (say after 8/ years) whichre'uires information on climatic 9 soil related database now the conditions arechanged due to industriali*ation i.e. construction of large number of power plants invidarbha region it gives the bad effect on water, soil 9 air therefore monitoring should

be reduced on yearly basis .


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The monitoring need to be carried out in respect ofthe following soil properties & qualities.

1ater holding capacity@ " A soil 'uality based on soil texture, depth 9 mineralogy.6oil erosion

6urface crustinglasticityon"exchange capacityermeability


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Methodology to be adopted

2aboratory inside the &ivil engg. 5epartment is identified for this work.

Analysis of various parameters will be carried out in the laboratory as per referred

literature.6oil 'uality parameters of collected samples will be compared with the standard

values of soil parameter.

Analysis of soil samples will be done to investigate its utility for construction

purpose.


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6oil 6ample Analysis

Approximately /.; km ehind the 2A T Towards orth

6ample Approximately 8 km away from 2A T Towards 6outh

6ample Approximately ; km away from 2A T Towards " (6ewagram)

Approximately = km away from 2A T Towards "1 1AB5-A &ity.


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Approximately /.; km ehind the 2A T Towards orth

r!"o

Parameter #nit Result

1) pH - 8.9

2) Electrical conductivity uS/cm 2983) Water Holding Capacity !y Weig"t o# $oil 81.32

%) Copper &g/'g 98.(

) *ron &g/'g +%+1

+) &angane$e &g/'g 213

,) C"loride &g/'g 1998

8) Sodium !$orption atio - (.2+


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6ample 8 km away from 2A T Towards 6outh

r!"o


1) pH ,.+

2) Electrical conductivity uS/cm 2293) Water Holding Capacity !y Weig"t o# $oil ,(.21

%) Copper &g/'g 9%.(

) *ron &g/'g +223

+) &angane$e &g/'g 1922

,) C"loride &g/'g 1 %%

8) Sodium !$orption atio - (.18


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6ample around ; km away from 2A T Towards "(6ewagram)

r!"o


1) pH - ,.3

2) Electrical conductivity uS/cm 22(

3) Water Holding Capacity !y Weig"t o# $oil ,%.3

%) Copper &g/'g 89.%

) *ron &g/'g +1%2

+) &angane$e &g/'g 188%

,) C"loride &g/'g 1 13

8) Sodium !$orption atio - (.1


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6ample = km away from 2A T Towards "11AB5-A &ity.

r!"o


1) pH ,.2

2) Electrical conductivity uS/cm 22

3) Water Holding Capacity !y Weig"t o# $oil ,3.93

%) Copper &g/'g 92.

) *ron &g/'g +189

+) &angane$e &g/'g 189(

,) C"loride &g/'g 1 31

8) Sodium !$orption atio - (.1,


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Beferences

1 !mpact of Coal "ased Thermal #ower #lant on $nvironment and its MitigationMeasure

%hmad hamshad' (ule)ar M.*.' and #atha) "hawana

6chool of nvironment and 6ustainable 5evelopment, &entral Cniversity of$u!arat sector" / $andhinagar, $u!rat, 5 A

%bstract In the present research paper as a research article the problem associated fly ashhas been highlighted mitigated measure

for fly ash has also been emphasize viz development of bricks, use of fly ash formanufacturing of cement, development of

ceramics, fertilizer, development of distemper and use of fly ash in road constructionand road embankment. This article givesthe direction for the beneficial use of fly ash generated coal combustion power

plants.

hi h i d h i C lli h l f $l


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+ ,eaching "ehavior and Mechanisms Controlling the -elease of $lementsfrom oil tabili ed with (ly %sh

Domonweeraket, D., enson, &., dil, T., and leam, 1. (:/88) 2eaching ehavior and+echanisms &ontrolling the Belease of lements from 6oil 6tabili*ed with Ely Ash.

Abstract In situ soil stabili*ed with fly ash has become a practical and economical solution

forsoil stabili*ation. Cnderstanding the p-"dependent leaching behavior and mechanismscontrolling release of ma!or and trace elements from soil"fly ash mixture is important forassessing the environmental impacts associated with using fly ash in soil stabili*ation. A p-"dependent leaching test was used to investigate the leaching behavior of soil"fly ash mixturesused in roadway construction . Three broad leaching behaviors as a function of p- wereobserved from the soils, the fly ashes and the soil"fly ash mixtures@ ( i) leaching of &a, &d, +g,and 6r follows a cationic pattern where the concentration decreases monotonically as p-increases? ( ii) leaching of Al, Ee, &r, &u, and Fn follow an amphoteric pattern where theconcentration increases at acidic and alkaline p-? and ( iii) leaching of As and 6e shows boththe behaviors following oxyanionic pattern where concentration increases at acidic and alkaline

p- and those show anomalous leaching behavior. &onsistency in leaching behavior for many

elements was observed, which is believed to be due to solubility"controlled. The difference andinconsistency for As and 6e are likely due to different controlling mechanism, such as sorption,or solid"solution formation.


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/ #ollution !ntrusion on oil0#avement ystem-sai"Gang Eang 8? 1 Distinguished Fellow, lobal Institute for !nergy and !nvironmental "ystems,

#niv. of $orth %arolina, %harlotte, $% &'&&(.

Hohn 2. 5aniels :, & )ssistant *rofessor, Dept. of %ivil !ngineering, #niv. of $orth %arolina,%harlotte, $% &'&&(. ? and

Tae"-yung Dim . ( Full Time Instructor, Division of %ivil and !nvironmental "ystem !ngineering, +orea aritime #niv., -1, Dongsam Dong, /eongdo u, 0usan 2 341, +orea.

%bstract

The performance of both flexible and rigid pavement is a function of the constituent materialsand their susceptibility to physical and chemical stress and degradation. To that end, specific

phenomena that accompany and characteri*e the interaction of the soil"pavement system withthe environment are discussed. +echanisms of pollution intrusion through the pavementwearing surface, base, sub base, and sub grade soil layer are evaluated. 2i'uid movement

phenomena and processes in the soil mass such as infiltration, percolation, and hydraulicconduction related to the soil"pavement system are examined. 2aboratory data that reflect theeffects of pollution intrusion on the behavior, stability, and performance of soil"pavementsystems are presented and remedial actions on these effects are discussed. ollution intrusion ismanifested by changes in system variables, including solution p-, dielectric constant, ioniccomposition, temperature, and moisture content. These changes are shown to influence

pavement design parameters, such assoil physical properties, compressibility, and stress.


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-eview of tabili ation of Clays and $2pansive oils in #avements and ,ightly,oaded tructures3*istory' #ractice' and (uture.

Thomas +. etry, . ., E.A6& 8? *rofessor of %ivil !ngineering, #niv. of issouri 5olla, 1'32 iner %ircle, 5olla, 6 7824 22(2. and 5allas . 2ittle, . .,E.A6& : !.0. "nead %hair *rofessor of %ivil !ngineering, Te9as ): #niv., "uit

2( %!;TTI 0uilding, %ollege "tation, T< 33'8( (1(7.

Abstract xpansive clay soils are those that change significantly in volume with

changes in water content are the cause of distortions to structures that cost taxpayersseveral billion dollars annually in the Cnited 6tates. +uch has been learned abouttheir behavior over the past =/ years, and relatively successful methods have beendeveloped to modify and stabili*e them. This paper reviews some of the keyadvances developed over the past =/ years in improving our understanding of thenature and methods of modifying and stabili*ing expansive clay soils. The state ofthe practice in stabili*ation is presented, and practical and research needs to helpimprove the state of the practice are discussed.


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4 5uality %ssurance of tructural $ngineering 6esign

Ging I. &ai, h.5., . ., 6. ., +.A6&

A6& 6ub!ect -eadings@ Juality control, 6tructural design, 6tructural engineering K ://= American 6ociety of &ivil ngineers

Eacing the escalating demands in both technical competence andfinancial accountability, practicing structural engineers are being forced into anever"intensified fast"pace working environment. 1ith more and more structuraldesign codes becoming lengthy and cumbersome and, meanwhile, the time allocatedfor structural engineering design being drastically reduced, the 'uality assurance ofthe structural engineering design has been becoming more critical than ever for

practicing structural engineers to succeed. 6tructural engineering design errors andfailures have been observed in a variety of design phases and categories. Amongthem, there are several typical problems needed to be discussed and a systematical

procedure of 'uality assurance of the structural engineering design shall be studied

and developed. As a part of our collective professional effort to assure the 'uality ofthe structural engineering design, this paper will discuss following eight typicalaspects related to 'uality control and assurance of structural engineering design anda number of real world practical examples will be presented to assist in illustratingthe importance of the 'uality control and assurance for real world structuralengineering design pro!ects.


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7 8in * #( Model imulations of 9itrogen and p* for a ,ow0%l)alinity tream!mpacted from %tmospheric %cid 6eposition.

+. &ai? and H. 6. 6chwart*

A6& 6ub!ect -eadings@ Arid lands, itrogen, orth &arolina, p-, Bivers andstreams,6imulation.

The -ydrologic 6imulation rogram"Eortran (1in-6 E) was used to simulate the streamflow, ammonium, nitrate and p- for the o land 5ivide watershed from 8444 to mid"://=, toevaluate the model applicability to watersheds impacted by acidic deposition. oland 5ividewatershed is located in the $reat 6moky +ountains ational ark, Tennessee. +odel

calibration for hydrology was satisfactory showing total error of :.8L for stream dischargeduring simulation period. The model simulated low ammonium concentration (/./0 mg 2


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: ,ifecycle !mpacts of ;sing Coal for $lectricity on 8ater -esources.

$.


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= !M#%CT O( >%M *O-O T*$-M%, #O8$- T%T!O9 O9 O!,O( T*$ ;--O;96!9< %-$%.

A. +. Bind8, $. +. +astoi8 &enter for nvironmental 6ciences, Cniversity of6indh, Hamshoro, 6indh, akistanand O A. A. -ullio: ,5r. +.A Da*i nstitute of&hemistry, Cniversity of 6indh, Hamshoro, 6indh, akistan =)uthor for%orrespondence .

A 6TBA&T Thermal power stations apart being source of energy supply are causing soil

pollution leading to its defertili*ation and contamination. The environmentalevaluation of surrounding soil of thermal power station Hamshoro in akistan willserve as a model study to get the insight into ha*ards it is causing. The metalcomposition of soil was studied with focus on &u, b, Fn, i, &r and Ee in soilsamples were collected around the power station at the depth of 4 and 83 inchesrespectively. erkin lmer 3// Atomic Absorption 6pectrophotometer was used forthe determination of metals. Dey 1ords@ 6oil ollution, Thermal ower lant andTrace Toxic lements


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nnual Wind ata #or 0id"ar!"a


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au$$ lume Calculation$

au$$ lume &odel #or round evel Concentration 4& 5)

Sr. 6o. e$cription Sym!ol 7nit 0alue

1 o n ind di$tance m 1,,2

2 Cro$$ ind di$tance y m 1(((

3 E##ective Sta'e Heig"t H m 1((

% i$c"arge : g/$ec +8 .9

Standard eviation

; < m %.1

; y m % .9

+ vg. Wind Speed 7 m/$ec 8

Concentration $ %icro&ram'

m ( )*+!)


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pH


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ea$on #or decrea$ing pH i$ acid rain= o idation o#$ul#ur.Con$e>uence$

1. vaila!ility o# nitrogen= p"o$p"oru$= $ul#ur= calcium=magne$ium= $odium= and moly!denum i$ limitedunder acidic condition$.

2. a$$ive protection o# rein#orcement i$ a##ection lead$to corro$ion.

3. ##ect$ $oil $tructure= increa$e$ #ormation o# di$per$e$tructure.


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ermea!ility

(( m 1((( m 2((( m 3((( m %((( m

6 3.221E-(, 8.29%E-(8 .,2(E-(8 8.+((E-(8 3.+((E-(8

6E 8.22,E-(+ .3,8E-(8 ,.,2(E-(8 +.+((E-(8 +.3((E-(8

E 8.(8%E-(+ 2.13(E-(8 3.,19E-(8 8.+((E-(8 2.9((E-(8

SE 8.2 %E-(+ ,.21%E-(8 9.,1+E-(8 2. 98E-(8 8.%3(E-(8

S 8.333E-(+ %.%3 E-(8 .,1+E-(8 9.+((E-(8 9.8,(E-(8

SW 8.299E-(+ 8.2%9E-(8 8.,12E-(8 3. 98E-(8 9.% (E-(8

W ,.9,3E-(+ .,3 E-(8 %. 93E-(8 ,.%39E-(8 . 8,E-(8

6W ,.89+E-(+ 3.(, E-(8 9.,1 E-(8 %. 99E-(8 ,.%+(E-(8


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e$$ permea!ility o# $oil a##ect$ ground ater leveland t"u$ may cau$e e ce$$ive $ettlement or$u!$idence.

uno## ill increa$e.*ncrea$e$ $oil cru$ting during $ummer.


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?urt"er Wor'

Calculation o# amount o# $oil ero$ion due to aterE##ect o# $oil pollution on t"e con$truction activityand it$ remedial mea$ure$.


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Thank you

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Progressive Ppt 121214