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Progressive Era
Can The American Dream "Overcome" The
American Nightmare?
Why Do Do-Gooders Do The Things They Do?
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Aim: Did the Progressive Era go far enough in seeking democratic reforms?
Do Now: What areas in society needed to be changed at the turn of the century?
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Goals of the Progressives
Protect social welfarePromote moralityEconomic reformsefficiency
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Goals of the Progressives
Believed the gov’t could no longer maintain a laissez-faire attitude
Gov’t responsibility to be guardian of the American people
Help poor, solve problems of Indians, improve working conditions
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Muckrakers
Exposed abuses of industrial society and corruption through writing
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Famous Muckrakers
Lincoln Steffens – corruption in city governments
Ida Tarbell – illegal tactics of Rockefeller (oil)
Jacob Riis – conditions of the poor, tenement life and working conditions
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Famous Muckrakers
Upton Sinclair – “Jungle” meat packing industry
Ray Stannard Baker – “following the color line”
Frank Norris – farmers abuse from the R.R.
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Upton Sinclair
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Aim: How did the Progressive
Movement reform problems in Gov't?
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Political Reforms
Secret Ballot – voters were less subject to pressure and intimidation
Initiative – voters could directly introduce bills in state legislatures and could vote on whether or not that bill passed
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Political Reforms
Referendum – voters could get a bill placed on ballot – vote on an initiative
Recall – elected officials could be removed by voters in a special election
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Political Reforms
Direct primary – special elections to determine whom party members wan to represent them
17th amendment – 1912 direct election of senators
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Aim: Did Theodore Roosevelt offer the American people a Square Deal?
Do Now: Should the government be responsible for correcting problems in society?
What did TR mean by “Square Deal?”
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Teddy Roosevelt
Hero in the Spanish-American War – led the Rough Riders to famous victories
V.P. under McKinley – takes over after his assasination in 1901 at 42 years old
Elected officially in 1904
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Teddy Roosevelt
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THE Three C’s of the Square Deal
Consumer Protection
Conservation
Controlling Corporations
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Trust - Bustin’
Some were regulated while others were dissolved
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The Coal Strike
1902Coal mine owners refused to
negotiate with workersSend army to take over the
mineWon shorter hours and
higher wages
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Interstate Commerce Commission
Hepburn Act – strengthen the ICC
It could now fix RR ratesRegulate pipelines, ferries,
bridges
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Pure Food And Drug Act
1906 – FDABanned use of harmful
additions in foods and banned false advertising for drugs
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Meat Inspection Act
1906 – federal investigation of industry
set health and sanitary standards for all phases of the meatpacking industry
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Conservation
New lands Reclamation Act – set $ aside from the sale of public land to build dams and irrigation systems in the west
US Forest Service
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Aim: Who was a better Progressive President?
Do Now: What would a president have to do to compare to T.R.
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William Howard Taft 1909-1913
He was elected president in 1908 with a popular vote of 7,675,320 to 6,412,294 for Nebraska editor and Democratic candidate William Jennings Bryan, and an electoral vote of 321 to Bryan's 162. Although decisive, Taft's margin of victory was not as great as Roosevelt's had been in the previous election.
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William Howard Taft 1909-1913
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William Howard Taft 1909-1913
Payne Aldrich Tariff – highest tariff ever
Conservation – supported Sec of Interior – used land for profit, and sold back to public
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Bull Moose Party
T.R. back from Africa – to run for Pres
New Nationalism – fed gov't would extend power and use it for welfare of the people
Rep party splits – Progressive Party is created
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Progressive Party
“strong as a bull moose”Minimum wage, better
conditions, no child labor, suffrage, control business, 8 hr work day
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Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921
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Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921
“ The New Freedom”Strong president Tame big business, open up
competitionAttack tariffs, trusts and banks:
The Triple Wall of Privilege
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Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921
Underwood Tariff – lowered tariff by 25%
Believed high tariffs only helped the rich and hurt the average American
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Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921
Graduated income tax – 1913Rich taxed at higher rate than
less well offLed to 16th amendmentSource of revenue for gov't
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Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921
Federal Reserve Act – set up banking system for US
–Regulate and control money I circulation
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Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921
Clayton Anti Trust Act – outlawed monopolistic business practices
Labor unions were not trustsWorkers could strike and
picket
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Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921
Federal Trade Commission Act – created to preserve competition
Investigate complaints monitor unfair business practices
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Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921
Key Amendments –
–16th – income tax
–17th – senators direct election
–18th - prohibition
–19 – women’s suffrage
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Aim: How effective were the efforts of women during the Temperance movement?
Do Now: Would banning cigarettes stop many health problems?
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Women’s Rights movement
1848 – Seneca Falls Convention
To end legal inequalities faced by married women
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Women’s Christian Temperance Movement
Founded in 1874Alcohol was a serious
problem in societyWCTU – help with poverty,
physical abuse, child neglect, Protection from alcohol
would solve all of these problems
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18th amendment
WCTU gained public support1917 congress passed the
amendment making alcohol illegal
Prohibition begins
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Anti – Saloon League
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Aim: Should women have been given the right to vote sooner?
Is it important to be able to vote?
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1848 – Seneca Falls
Elizabeth Cady Stanton – organized women’s convention
End legal inequalities1853 – Susan B. Anthony –
main goal is women’s suffrage
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Women’s leaders
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Women should vote because
Getting better jobsGoing to collegeLiving in cities increased
their awareness of political and social problems
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National American Woman Suffrage Association
NAWSA – 1890Fought for women’s rights Argue that the US in not a
true democracy
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19th amendment
1920 – no state can deny a citizen the right to vote based on sex
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Aim: How did African Americans try to achieve equality?
Do Now: What was the ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson?
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Booker T Washington
Social Equality was not a priorityWork for success in order to
achieve economic equality
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Wanted youths to learn a useful trade
Achieve economic stability
http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/88
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Racial equality was not a priority – economic equality was more important
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W.E.B. Du Bois
Demanded complete equalitySocial and economic equalityEnd to voting restrictions
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Achieve social equalityFight for equal rightsDemanded immediate social,
political, and economic equality.
Education was the key.
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W.E.B. Du Bois
First African-American to graduate from Harvard University.
Created the NAACP– Designed to use the legal system to fight
for rights and end segregation– Would be instrumental in the Brown v
Board of Ed case.
