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PROGRESS REPORT
Usman Bukar WakawaPB 123031
Dept, of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment.
SUPERVISORSAssoc. Prof. Dr. Ismail Bin Said
End of Semester 1. Presentation. January, 03-2013
The study intends to increase the awareness on the Restorative benefits of paediatric hospital ward as a play environment from the children points of view, contrary to traditional hospital design that delivers healthcare in connection to medical ethics, protocols and codes (Ulrich, 1989).
When children walk into a hospital environment, away from their home (loving and familiar) to a new environment (unknown and unfriendly). They are introduced to foreign objects and different people potentially causing considerable fear and anxiety, as a result they consider the hospital environment threatening and they can develop additional stress and trauma during appointment or hospitalization (Said, 2006).
RESTORATIVE BENEFITS OF PAEDIATRIC WARD AS A PLAY ENVIRONMENT IN NIGERIAN HOSPITAL
INTRODUCTION
Definitions
Restoration: The word “Restoration” refers to a persons return of strength, or health, by means of enhancing his/her renewing abilities.(Fischi,2012) one of the accepted approaches to understanding restorative experience is through the attention restorative theory (ART)Loose Parts: They are items or materials that children and young people can move, adopt, control, change, and manipulate within their play. (Oxfordshire, 2012) Children are drawn to new, interesting and novel items and have a natural drive and ability to decide what to do with them in their play.
Play: Means physical contact with elements of the environment and social interaction with peers, all children and young people need to play , the impulse of play is innate. Play is a biological, psychological , and social necessity and is the fundamental to the healthy development and well-being of individuals and communities. (Said, 2008. Kellert, 2002. Mathew, 1992. Wolff, 1997.)
LITERATURE REVIEW AND RELATED FIELDS OF STUDY.
THEORIES OF PLAY AND
RESTORATION
THEORIES OF PLAY AND
RESTORATION
PLAY THERAPY
PLAY THERAPY
BIOPHILIA HYPOTHESIS
BIOPHILIA HYPOTHESIS
SALUTOGENIC AND
PATOGENIC
SALUTOGENIC AND
PATOGENIC
LITERATURE REVIEW.
AREAS THAT ARE RELATED TO STUDY
UlrichUlrich
CooperCooper
saidsaid
MooreMoore
KellyKelly
PerkinsPerkins
EpsteinEpstein
smithsmith
DijkstraDijkstra
KateKate
BowersBowers
BurtBurt
KellertKellert
00’s80’s90’s
Effect of healthcare on Environment
Restorative Gardens
Reasons to smile at Tear drops
Accessible play: No more watching from sideline
Using the physical environment as a therapeutic tool
Healing Gardens
Health and nature
Stress reducing effect of indoor plants in the built environment
Incorporating Experientiall Restorative Qualities
The comfort of nature
From their Perspective
“Getting serious about therapeutic practice”
Keep.Keep.
MooreMoore
Ulrich.Ulrich.
R.KaplanR.Kaplan
S.Kaplan.S.Kaplan.
JayJay
Cooper.
Cooper.
Jane.Jane.
ThodayThoday
FriedFried
Calkins.Calkins.WestWest
Cooper.
Cooper.
Ulrich.Ulrich.
MooreMoore
R.KaplanR.Kaplan
S.Kaplan.S.Kaplan.
PerkinsPerkins
KampKamp
EpsteinEpstein
HartigHartig
MooneyMooney
JayJay
EdwardEdward
STUDY FOLLOWED PREVIOUS FINDINGS IN RELATED FIELDS OF STUDY.
Influence of passive experiences
The physical environment as a therapeutic
Healing Gardens
Therapeutic Gardens in the Acute Garden
With people in Mind
Therapeutic Gardens in the Acute Garden
Healing environment, Restorative Gardens
Plant for playThe experience of Landscape
The Biophilia hypothesisWindows in the intensive Therapy unit
A prison Environments effect on healthcare
Effects of hospital environmentOn patient wee-being
Housing as if people mattered
Effects of hospital environmentOn patient wee-being
Use of Garden for disable
Landscape view and prison response
Psychological benefit of a wilderness experience
Background/Problem Statement
The paediatric ward design guidelines and protocols does not allow for the following:
- Enabling environment for children feeling of well-being.
- Address their needs for comfort and engage them positively.
- Lack of facilities that can enhance individual choice, control and self help.
- No features to indicate child friendliness, this include age appropriate activities in the environment.
- Lack of welcoming and friendly social environment.
Playing from elements and materials from “Loose Parts” based on theory, in a planned environment under monitoring can increase their ability to cope with stress, and improve their trust and acceptance of routine medication as a result of the settings.
PLAYINTERACTION
ACTIVITIES
PLAYINTERACTION
ACTIVITIES
PEERSENVIRONMENT
CARE GIVERSFAMILY.
PEERSENVIRONMENT
CARE GIVERSFAMILY.
RESTORATIONRESTORATION
CREATIVESOCIAL
ATTACHMENTINDEPENDENCE
EFFICIENCYCOMMUNITY
CREATIVESOCIAL
ATTACHMENTINDEPENDENCE
EFFICIENCYCOMMUNITY
SPICE
SPICE
ACTIVE ADULTACTIVE ADULT
Ward as Play EnvironmentFactors Influencing health
(Bischoff, 2011)
To determine an the restorative benefits inherent with play in a paediatric hospital settings, looking at the ward as play environment.
Aim of research
(1) To identify the importance of using “loose parts” in a hospital setting, and how it affects children restoration and feeling of well-being.
Question Is there any plan or arrangement used in providing
children with indoor play experience in the paediatric hospital wards?
Objectives 1
Does a paediatric ward being conceived as a play environment from children's perception have an effect on health outcomes and feeling of well-being.?
Question
Objectives 2(2) To develop a model of design using children's views and
perception on in cooperating play element and features as part of the hospital environment settings.
Hypothesis
Play environment as a determining factor to restoration in children paediatric ward, to them its not a ward but a play environment.
1. Literature Review on related field of study:2. Hypothesis and Theories.3. A participatory method (using children, Family and care-givers)
ANALYSISUNDERPINNING
FINDINGS
Human Development
theory
Human Development
theory
Socioculturaltheory
Socioculturaltheory
Cognitivetheory
Cognitivetheory
Humanistictheory
Humanistictheory
Behavioral theory
Behavioral theory
Psychoanalytic theory
Psychoanalytic theory
Prospect Refusedtheory
Prospect Refusedtheory
Attention Restorative theory and Environmental Preference Theory
Attention Restorative theory and Environmental Preference Theory
Stress coping Reduction
theory
Stress coping Reduction
theory
Environmental psychology
Healthcare
Human Development
UNDER-PINNINGTHEORY FORMULATION AS BASIS FOR
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Erik Erikson (1902-1994)
Ivan Parlor (1847-1939)
John Watson (1878-1958)
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)Jean Piaget
(1896-1980)
Jay Appleton (1975)
Kaplan and kaplan (1989)
Ulrich, Rogers . S. (1999)
The connection between the Human development Theory, Environmental Theory and Health development Theory are as follows:
1. The prospect Refuge Theory is derived from information processing theory(cognitive) and the response to stimuli in human environment (behavioral).
2. ART and EPT where developed from the PRT which was form from CT and BT showing the separation of Attention into two components by important of stimuli (involuntary) and Attention is directed by cognitive control process (voluntary).
3. Stress coping reduction Theories was developed from ART and EPT.
Stress coping Reduction Theory: proposed that stress is mitigated when a person perceives unthreading natural environment , and the environment affords him or her the following factors. Sense of security, Sense of control, social support, physical movement and exercise, and Access to nature and positive distraction.
Play: Means physical contact with the elements of the environment and social interaction with peers in young children and middle childhood.
SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MARAPR MAYJUN JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MARAPR MAYJUN JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MARAPR MAYJUN JULY AUG SEPT
Presentation of Draft Thesis and Supervisor's input
ACTIVITIES
SEMESTER 6
2012 2013 2014 2015
YEAR 1 YEAR 2SEMESSTER 1 SEMESTER 2 SEMESTER 3 SEMESTER 4 SEMESTER 5
PROPOSED PhD -RESEARCH GANTT CHART Usman, Bukar wakawa
YEAR 3
Final correction of Thesis
Supervisor perusal and input
Developing and Writing of Draft Thesis
Articulation of input made during presentation
External Examiner's input
supervisor perusal
Writing of final proposal
Writing of Research for journals Publication
Data collection and presentation
Data Analysis and Evaluation
Development of theoretical framework/background to study
Review of Relevant Literature
Pilot survey/Writing of Research proposal
