Programming Chapter 1 Week-c++

8/13/2019 Programming Chapter 1 Week-c++

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FCS 0084 Programming Chapter 1

Introduction to C Week 1

Management and Science University 2

TOPICObjectives:

TOPIC

Objectives:

To introduce C language and its history

How to use the compiler for this course Writing and running a C program

Handling errors


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1.1IntroductiontoCLanguage

1.1 Introduction to C Lan

guage

Types of programming languagesTypes of programming languages

There are many different languages can be used to program a

computer.

The most basic of these is machine language. This is the natural

dialect of the computer.

Usually, a computer program will be written in some high-level

programming language, whose instruction set is more compatible

with human languages.

Most of these are general-purpose languages such as C.

A program that is written in a high-level language, however, must

be translated into machine languagebefore it can be executed.

This is known as compilationor interpretation

compiler

interpreter

C


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C is high-level language,

general-purpose programming language

History of CHistory of C

High-level language: instruction set is more compatible with human

languages

General-purpose: C, Pascal, Fortran, BASIC

Special-purpose: specifically designed for some particular type of

application.LISP, a list processing language that is widely used for artificial

intelligence applications.

main() { ... }

Find other special-purpose programming language

High-level


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C was originally developed in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie,

at Bell Laboratories, Inc.and implemented on PDP 11

Dennis RitchieBCPL

It is an outgrowth oftwo earlier languages

B

By Martin Richards

By Ken Thompson

Typeless languagesUsed to create early version

of the UNIX Operating

System

C initially become widely known as the development language of the

UNIX operating system.

Note: Programmed Data Processor model 11 (PDP-11)


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Original C...

1980 ...

Traditional CClassic C

Kernighan and Ritchie C (K&R)

ANSI C

Standard C

ANSI:American National Standards Institute

K&R/ANSI C

Note:

Because C is a standardized, hardware-independent, widely available language,applications written in C can often be run with little or no modifications on a widerange of different computer systems.


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Advantages

of C Language

Small language - 32 keywords

Native language of UNIX

Used for systems programmingas well asapplications programming

Portable

Modular

Subset of C++

Efficient

Advantages

Systems programming: e.g., for writing operating systems

Applications programming: e.g., for writing a program to solve a complicated

system of mathematical equations, or for writing a program to bill customers

Advantages of C Language


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32 ANSI C Standard Keywords

auto double int struct

break else long switch

case enum register typedefchar extern return union

const float short unsigned

continue for signed void

default goto sizeof volatile

do if static while

ANSI C Keywords32 ANSI C Standard Keywords

Note: C and C++ keywords


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Programming Preparation

A Compiler translates Source codeto Object codethat isexecutable.

On MS-DOS systems this compiled code is automaticallycreated in a file with the same name as the .Cfile, but with the.exeextension replacing the .C extension.

Source/Object CodeProgramming Preparation

Source Code: C Program

main()

{ }

Mycode.c

Object Code: Machine Language

10110 ..

01101 ..

...

Mycode.exe

How to run the object codefrom C prompt


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Editor/Compiler

Write, edit, save,

retrieve, ...

Translate program toobject code/

executable code

Borland Turbo C/C++integrate the Editor and the Compiler

C CompilerC Compiler

How to run the compiler ?

1. Change directory to

2. Type tc

3. Press ENTER

c:\tc\bin


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Borland Turbo C/C++ IDE

IDE

EditingWindow

SystemMenu

OutputWindow

Borland Turbo C/C++ IDE

Note: IDE :Integrated Development Environment


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Borland Turbo C/C++ IDE:

System Menu

Press Alt+F

Press AltorAlt+Red Character

to walk aroundthe system menu

Borland Turbo C/C++ IDE: System Menu

Menu A:Menu A:

Menu B:Menu B:

System Menu


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Getting HelpGetting Help

You can learn about the compiler through the online Help system.

Online Help

Select

to get

help


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Compile SuccessCompile Success Select Compile to compile

No errorNote:

You can ignore the warnings.


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Compile With ErrorCompile with error

Select Compile

to compile

Two syntaxerrors

Message Window

describes the

Err ors & Warnings


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10110 ..

01101 ..

...

How the compiler works

Source Code Object Code

Correct the syntax errors.

Correct the logic errors.

Edit/Modifyto meet system requirements.

Source/Object

main()

{ }

C / C++

Compiler

How the compiler works

Make sure to save your edited program before

recompile it.


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Basic C Program Structure

Every C program contains main function called: main()

Program execution start from this main function.

main(){ }

Type using text editor (from your compiler) Save with any name and with .cor .cpp

extension.

Compileandrun

main() functionBasic C Program Structure

main() function has two parts:

main( ){ ...}

(i) Head

(ii) BodyFunction

Note:

curly braces {}


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Program saved

with sample.cname.

EditingWindow

Is there anything you can see from your output window

Screen A:

Screen B:

Screen A:

Screen B:

Steps of compiling


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Program That Generate Output C ProgramProgram That Generate output

/* This is simple program that print a message*/

#include

main()

{

printf(C is my first programming language.\n);

}

Output:C is my first programming language.


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Descriptions

Program Descriptions

Descriptions/* This is simple program that print a message*/

#include

main()

{


}

Anything written between the

/*and */is a commentand is

ignored by the compiler.

The line that started with#is

called as preprocessor directive. Here we have processor directive #includewhich include the stdio.hfile into source program. stdio.his one of compiler

components which called as header file or library file. In this example, we

include the stdio.hbecause this file define the printf()function.

Indicate the beginning of main program.

The printf()is one of the library function that defined in stdio.h

header file. printf() is an output function that prints the strings inside the

quotations.

Indicate end of main program.Note:

Any code/statements mustbe written inside thebody.


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What format you should follow ?Program FormatWhat format you should follow ?

/*

Name: ABDULLAH BIN ISMAIL

Subject Code: DIT 202

Class Code: FT007

Program file name:myprog.cpp

Purpose: Print simple message on screen

Start Date: August 31, 1999

Complete Date: August 31, 1999

*/

#include

main(){ clrscr();


}

/* End of program: myprog.cpp*/

All your programming exercises should follow the format described below.

#include

main(){

printf(I love C language very much\n);

}

Comment that

describe theprogrammerand theprogram.

Comment toindicate the endof program.

Code withindentation.
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppt


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Header FilesHeader Files

Header File/Library Function

Header files contain definitions of library functionsand variables whichcan be incorporated into any C program by using the pre-processor #include

statement (see 1.4).

* Check yourcompiler on-line

help for further

details.

stdio.h

Header Files

conio.h

Library Functions

scanf()

printf()

:getch()

clrscr()

textcolor()textbackground():

Example:


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List of Header Files (41)alloc.h assert.h bcd.h bios.h complex.h

conio.h

ctype.h dir.h dirent.h dos.h

errno.h fcntl.h float.h fstream.h generic.h

graphics.h io.h iomanip.h iostream.h limits.h

locale.h malloc.h math.h mem.h process.h

setjmp.h share.h signal.h stdarg.h stddef.h

stdio.h stdiostr.h stdlib.h stream.h string.hstrstrea.h sys\stat.h sys\timeb.h sys\types.h time.h

values.h

Example:

Standard header files are provided with each compiler, and cover a

range of areas, string handling, mathematical, data conversion, printing

and reading of variables.

Note:Based on Borland Turbo C++ Compiler


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Library Functions from stdio.hclearerr fclose fcloseall fdopen feof ferror

fflush fgetc fgetchar fgetpos fgets fileno

flushall fopen fprintf fputc fputchar fputs

fread freopen fscanf fseek fsetpos ftellfwrite getc getchar gets getw perror

printf putc putchar puts putw remove

rename rewind rmtmp scanf setbuf setvbufsprintf sscanf strerror _strerror tempnam tmpfile

tmpnam ungetc unlink vfprintf vfscanf vprintf

vscanf vsprintf vsscanf

Example:

List of library functions from stdio.h header file.

Note:printf()- output functionscanf()- input function


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To use any of the standard functions, the appropriate header file should be

included. This is done at the beginning of the C source file. For example, to use

the functionprintf()in a program, the line

#include

should be at the beginning of the source file, because the definition forprintf()

is found in the filestdio.hAll header files have the extension .h and generally

reside in the /includesubdirectory.

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Programming Chapter 1 Week-c++