Supporting Partners:

Programme

25 - 27 NOVEMBER 2019 | EAST LONDON, SOUTH AFRICA SASEC 2019 1

PREFACE

The SASEC 2019 organising committee welcomes you to the 6th Southern African Solar Energy Conference, hosted by the University of Fort Hare. Welcome to all academic institutions and industry partners represented here.

A special welcome to the Department of Science and Innovation, as well as the Eastern Cape Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs & Tourism. Your attendance here demonstrates the importance of renewable energy to our government. We also extend a special welcome to all our visitors from various countries outside South Africa.

As solar energy matures in the renewable energy sector, so does the nature and intensity of research. This year’s presentations will delve deeper into solar thermal and photovoltaic technologies covering interesting case studies, testing and validation, social impact, financing as well as the legalities around technology deployment.

We are pleased to introduce our keynote speakers

• Dr Ben Kroposki, Centre Director, Power Systems Engineering, NREL• Dr Paul Gauché, Manager, Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Technologies, Sandia

National Laboratories• Mr Riaan Meyer, Managing Director, GeoSUN Africa.

We wish you an enjoyable visit to the beautiful shores of the Eastern Cape and hope you establish longlasting networks with fellow solar energy enthusiasts.

Prof. Golden MakakaConference Chair

SASEC 2019 | 6TH SOUTHERN AFRICAN SOLAR ENERGY CONFERENCE

SASEC 2019 | 6TH SOUTHERN AFRICAN SOLAR ENERGY CONFERENCE2 25 - 27 NOVEMBER 2019 | EAST LONDON, SOUTH AFRICA SASEC 2019 3

Organising Committee

Dr Nwabunwanne Nwokolo University of Fort HareProf Sampson Mamphweli Stellenbosch UniversityDr Bernard Bekker Stellenbosch UniversityMs Linda Joka Stellenbosch UniversityMs Carla Nel Stellenbosch UniversityMs Deidre Raubenheimer UCT Conference Management Centre

Review of papers

All submissions to the 6th Southern African Solar Energy Conference have undergone peer-review by members of the International Advisory and Technical Review Committee. This includes an initial review of submitted abstracts and a second, full-paper review of final submissions.

COMMITTEES

Conference Chair

Prof Golden Makaka University of Fort Hare

International Advisory and Review Committee

Prof Carsten Agert University of OldenburgDr Bernard Bekker Stellenbosch UniversityDr Michael Brooks University of KwaZulu-NatalProf Alan Brent Victoria University of WellingtonProf Sam Chikwembani Walter Sisulu UniversityProf Ken Craig University of PretoriaProf Frank Dinter Fraunhofer, ChileDr Paul Gauché Sandia National LaboratoriesProf Thomas Harms Stellenbosch UniversityDr Stefan Hess INATECH, University of FreiburgDr Willem le Roux University of PretoriaDr Matti Lubkoll Stellenbosch UniversityProf Sampson Mamphweli Stellenbosch UniversityDr Jean Pitot University of KwaZulu-NatalMr Vikesh Rajpaul EskomDr Christoph Richter DLRDr Arnold Rix Stellenbosch UniversityDr Johann Strauss Stellenbosch UniversityDr Henerica Tazvinga CSIRProf Ernest van Dyk Nelson Mandela UniversityProf Wikus van Niekerk Stellenbosch UniversityMr Werner Weiss AEE INTECProf Ewa Zawilska Mangosuthu University of Technology

SASEC 2019 | 6TH SOUTHERN AFRICAN SOLAR ENERGY CONFERENCE4 25 - 27 NOVEMBER 2019 | EAST LONDON, SOUTH AFRICA SASEC 2019 5

PROGRAMME

DAY 1: MONDAY, 25 NOVEMBER 2019

1.1 Opening Session (08h30 - 10h30) – Venue: Sandpiper Chair : Prof Sampson Mamphweli

08h30 Introduction – Prof Golden Makaka

08h40 Welcome to SASEC on behalf of the Eastern Cape – Honourable Mlungisi Mvoko (Eastern Cape MEC for Economic Development)

09h00 Welcome on behalf of University of Fort Hare – Prof Sakhela Buhlungu (UFH Vice Chancellor)

09h20 Welcome to the Ngqushwa Municipality: Mayor’s Office – Mayor Mnikelo Siwisa (Ngqushwa Municipality)

09h30 SASEC Opening address – Honourable Bonginkosi Nzimande (Minister, Department of Higher Education, Science and Innovation)

09h50 Keynote address – Dr Ben Kroposki (Centre Director, Power Systems Engineering, NREL)

TEA / COFFEE BREAK (10h30 - 11h00)

1.2 Plenary Session (11h00 - 12h20) – Venue: Sandpiper Chair : Prof Ernest van Dyk

11h00 Keynote address: New Trends in Solar Resource Assessment – Mr Riaan Meyer (Managing Director, GeoSUN Africa)

11h20 Solar Thermal Applications in Minerals Processing in South Africa – L. Hockaday

11h40 Integration of Solar Energy into the Grid: Technical or Social challenge? Building a collective vision – K. Kritzinger, L. Scholtz and N. Korsten

12h00 Public-private Partnerships in South Africa’s Renewable Energy Sector: Risks, Challenges and Opportunities – R. Pillay

LUNCH BREAK (12h20 - 13h30)

1.3a Photovoltaics: Module Testing and Validation (13h30 - 15h50) – Venue: Sandpiper Chair : Dr Arnold Rix

13h30 UV Florescence Imaging of Photovoltaic Modules – F. J. Vorster and E. E. van Dyk

13h50 Inter Laboratory Comarison of Indoor Performance tests on Crystalline Silicon Solar PV Modules – L. Pratt, M. B. Ayanna, S. May and K. Roro

14h10 Development of an Electroluminescene module mismatch analysis (Emma) Method – R. M. Dix-Peek, E. E. van Dyk, F. J. Vorster and C. Stindt p 17

14h30 Correlation of Thermal Imaging and Current-Voltage characteristics of defective PV module string – M. Vumbungwa, J. L. Crozier McCleland, E. E. van Dyk, F. J. Vorster and T. J. Serameng

14h50 Implementation of Technical Specifications to Standardise and Improve Electroluminescence Imaging Test Setups – J. L. Crozier McCleland and E. E. van Dyk

15h10 String Fault Finding on the Single Axis Tracker Photovoltaic Plant – M. Unarine, P. Lawrence, D. Talent and N. Isaac

SASEC 2019 | 6TH SOUTHERN AFRICAN SOLAR ENERGY CONFERENCE6 25 - 27 NOVEMBER 2019 | EAST LONDON, SOUTH AFRICA SASEC 2019 7

15h30 Comparative Study of Potential Induced Degradation Approaches in Multi-crystalline Si PV Modules – I. M. Kwembur, J. L. Crozier McCleland, E. E. van Dyk and F. J. Vorster

1.3b Solar Thermal: Cycle and Plant Modelling and Heat transfer (13h30 - 15h50) – Venue: Oyster Catcher A. Chair : Dr Paul Gauché

13h30 Daily and Seasonal Dependence of the Effective Collector area ofSouth Africa’s Operating Solar Power Plants – H. Winkler

13h50 Performance Analysis and Optimization of a Solar Driven R134a Ejector Refrigeration System – N. Shongwe, A. Mwesigye and H. Roohani p 23

14h10 Feasibility Study of once-through Cooling for Solar Thermal Power

Plant on the Lower Orange River – A. Kehinde and J. Hoffmann

14h30 Effects of Engine Topology on the low-irradiance Performance of Solar Gas Turbine Systems: A first analysis – M. R Meas, T. W. von Backström and J. van der Spuy

14h50 Implementation of a swirling impinging jet for a solar cavity absorber – J. Quick, K. J. Craig and J. P. Meyer

15h10 Charging characteristics of packed bed latent heat storage systems for medium temperature solar applications – T. M. Lefenya, A. Mawire, C. Ekwomadu and A. Shobo

15h30 An Investigation on the Performance of a Household Solar Water Heater in the Eastern Cape, South Africa – J. C. Nwodo, E. L. Meyer and R. Kaseke

TEA / COFFEE BREAK (15h50 - 16h10)

1.4a Policy and Economy (16h10 - 17h30) – Venue: Sandpiper Chair : Ms Karin Kritzinger

16h10 The uptake and impact of Embedded Generation Installations at Large Sugar Cane Estates in Eswatini – N. Dlamini and B. Bekker

16h30 Comparing Long-term Actual versus Simulated PV System Performance: A Review and Case Study – M. Mabhoko, D. J. Fitzgerald and B. Bekker

16h50 Feasibility Study of a Campus Microgrid Hybrid Low Carbon- renewable Energy System – B. P. Pougoue Tchintchui and Atanda K. Raji p 31

17h10 Socioeconomic Impacts of Solar Renewable Energy in Rural Communities: Case of Mkhamela Village at Ingquza Hill Local Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa – S. Bongoza, Z. A. F. Mzitshi and L. Zhou

1.4b PV Cell Manufacturing and Performance Analysis (16h10 - 17h30) – Venue: Oyster Catcher A. Chair : Dr Frederik Vorster

16h10 Synthesis and Characterisation of Tennary Palladuim Alloy PdNico for use as Platinum Free Counter Electrode in Dye Sensitised Solar Cells – N. H. Zingwe, E. L. Meyer and J. Mbese

16h30 Field Performance of Bifacial Modules in South Africa – M. Ayanna, H.W. Mkasi, L. Pratt and K. Roro

16h50 Magnesiothermic Reduction of Silica from Sugarcane Bagasse Ash into Silicon for Solar Cell Application: A preliminary investigation F. Farirai, M. A. Airo, M. Mupa, O. Sadare and M. O. Daramola

17h10 Adhesion Force Degradation Analysis in Degraded Single Junction Amorphous Silicon Module by Scanning probe microscopy – G.O. Osayemwenre and E. L. Meyer

COCKTAIL EVENT(18h00 - 20h00)

SASEC 2019 | 6TH SOUTHERN AFRICAN SOLAR ENERGY CONFERENCE8 25 - 27 NOVEMBER 2019 | EAST LONDON, SOUTH AFRICA SASEC 2019 9

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 26 NOVEMBER 2019

2.1 Plenary Session (08h30 - 10h30) – Venue: Sandpiper Chair : Prof Hartmut Winkler

08h30 Address from the DSI – Dr Rebecca Maserumule (Chief Director : Hydrogen and Energy Directorate, DSI)

08h50 Keynote Address: U.S. DOE Gen3 and SunShot 2030 Concentrating Solar Power R&D: In search of $0.05/kWh, autonomy and seasonal storage – Dr Paul Gauché (Manager: Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Technologies, Sandia National Laboratories)

09h30 Eastern Cape Department of Economic Development – Mr Allistair McMaster (Director: Sustainable Energy at Dept of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Eastern Cape)

09h50 SUPCON SOLAR Experiences in CSP – Mr Andy Zhao (Key Account General Manager : Zhejiang SUPCON Solar)

10h10 The Impact of Distributed Hybrid Photovoltaic Backup Systems on Shared Residential Feeders – C. K. Rhoda, J. Chihota and B. Bekker

TEA / COFFEE BREAK (10h30 - 10h50)

2.2a Irradiation and PV Systems (10h50 - 13h10) – Venue: Sandpiper Chair : Dr Henerica Tazvinga

10h50 Seasonal Performance of a 3.8 kWp Rooftop PV System in Zone 2 Climate of South Africa – O. K. Overen and E. L. Meyer

11h10 The Efficacy of the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem in Improving the Efficiency of Photovoltaic Modules: A Review – R. T. Moyo, P. Y. Tabakov and S. Moyo

11h30 Development of Fringe Technologies to Enable Effective Passive Solar Tracking – J. Cawood and R. Phillips

11h50 Water Surface Albedo Modelling for Floating PV Plants – S. S. Patell and A. J. Rix

12h10 Modelling Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Conditions and its Comparison to Empirical Solar Irradiance in South Africa – C. H. Fourie, H. Winkler and K. Roro

12h30 Assessment of Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) in South Africa – B. Mabasa, H. Tazvinga and N. Zwane

12h50 Validating clear–sky Irradiance Models in five South African locations – L. Javu, H. Winkler and K. Roro

2.2b Solar Thermal: Systems and Heat Transfer II (10h50 - 13h10) – Venue: Oyster Catcher A. Chair : Prof Michael Simon

10h50 Comparison of the Thermal Behaviour of two Eutectic Solder Cascaded Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage during Charging – C. Ekwomadu, A. Mawire, T. M. Lefenya and A. Shobo

11h10 Solar Payback: A Review of Preliminary Energy Audits and Solar Integration Studies – P. Klein, T. Zoschke, R. dos Santos and K. Surridge p 46

11h30 Dynamic Performance of a multi-purpose Solar Thermal System for Residential Applications – Z. Huan, R. A. M. Coetzee and A. Mwesigye p 47

11h50 Large Eddy Simulation of Swirling Impinging Jets for a Solar Cavity Absorber – K. J. Craig, J. Quick and J. P. Meyer

12h10 Design and Development of a Solar Energy Fruit Dryer – B. Maphosa, K. Ramachela and R. Mhundwa

12h30 A CFD-Based Approach to Selecting a Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant Site Location Around a Ferromanganese Smelter – M. Swart, L. Hockaday and K. J. Craig

12h50 Comparison and Cost Analysis of Promising Hydrogen Storage Technologies for Long Term Energy Storage – M. Kiessling, T. Harms and M. Lubkoll

SASEC 2019 | 6TH SOUTHERN AFRICAN SOLAR ENERGY CONFERENCE10 25 - 27 NOVEMBER 2019 | EAST LONDON, SOUTH AFRICA SASEC 2019 11

LUNCH BREAK (13h10 - 14h10)

2.3 Simulation and Grid Integration (14h10 - 15h50) – Venue: Sandpiper Chair : Dr Bernard Bekker

14h10 The Influence of Mounting Structure Configurations on Rooftop Solar Module Cell Temperature – D. J. Raphael and M. Owen

14h30 Power Quality Analysis of Low Voltage Grid-Tied Network with PV Systems – M. I. Mnisi, P. N. Bokoro, K. Roro, M. B. Ayanna and L. Pratt

14h50 A Systematic Approach to development of Key performance indicators for PV Hybrid Mini-grids – B. Ravanbach, G. Makaka, N. Shambira, E. Van Dyk, R. D. Shultz, F. J. Vorster, C. Agert, K. von Maydell, B. Hanke, O. Wiegel, S. Maebe, A. McMaster and F. Ntuta

15h10 Investigating the Impact of Integration of Photovoltaic Plants at a Microgrid level: Commercial Entity of Research Institution Case Study – E. Moholisa, M. Rampokanyo, H. Tazvinga, M. Senatla, C. Mushwana and O. Dzobo

15h30 Validation Methods for Capacity Expansion Planning Models: A review – C. Auret, B. Bekker and P. Gauché

TEA BREAK (15h50 - 16h10)

DINNER (18h00 - 20h00)

SASEC closing remarks – Dr Phil Mjwara (Director General, DSI)

DAY 3: WEDNESDAY, 27 NOVEMBER 2019

3.1 Technical Tour (08h00 - 15h30)

08h30 Meet at the bus

09h00 Travel to East London IDZ

10h30 Tour of IDZ

12h30 Lunch

13h30 Meet at the bus

13h50 Airport drop off

15h30 Arrive back at the hotel

www.sasec.org.za

The SASEC organising committee would like to give special thanks to the following sponsors: GeoSUN Africa, Sandia National Laboratories,

The Eastern Cape Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Isikhwama Manufacturing

The department is

GeoSUNAFRICA

GeoSUNAFRICA

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