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Compact Design Improved Materials Reduced CO2 Competitiveness

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European Conference

AD700 - Advanced (700°C) PF Power Plant:

A Clean Coal European Technology

October 27, 2005 in Milan

CESI Auditorium

PROGRAMME and public ACTA

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(missing ACTA available only to partners of EU project AD700)

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List of PARTICIPANTS

European Conference AD700 - Advanced (700°C) PF Power Plant:

A Clean Coal European Technology Venue: CESI Auditorium, Milan, Italy

Date: Thursday, 27th October 2005

Chairman: Fiorenzo Bregani, CESI

9:00 h Reception and Welcoming Coffee

9:30 h Opening remarks Giulio Santagostino, CEO CESI

9:35 h Relevance of the AD700 for Europe to compete over the World Vassilios Kougionas, European Commission DG RTD

9:50 h Role and Perspective of Coal in Power Generation in Italy Marcello Capra, Italian Ministry of Productive Activities

10:05 h Coal Power Generation and Competitiveness in Europe and in Italy Andrea Clavarino, President Euriscoal and Assocarboni

10:20 h Coffee Break

10:50 h Experiences and Forecasting of Coal Power Generation in Italy Gennaro De Michele, Director R&D ENEL

11:10 h The AD700 Concept and Status of the ongoing Phase I and Phase II Jørgen Bugge, Elsam-Engineering

11:30 h The Economic perspective of the AD700 Power Plant Sven Kjaer, Elsam-Engineering

11:50 h Boiler Designs for the AD700 Power Plant Gerhard Weissinger, Alstom Power Boiler

12:10 h Advanced Materials for AD700 Boilers Ralf Husemann, Bacock Hitachi Europe

12:30 h Lunch Break

Chairman: Jørgen Bugge, Elsam-Engineering

13:30 h The Horizontal Furnace Boiler as Option for the AD700 Power Plant Antonio di Meglio, Ansaldo Caldaie

13:50 h Compact Power Island Design and Overall Plant Arrangement Heiner Edelmann, Siemens Power Generation

14:10 h Alstom Steam Turbine Designs for AD700 Power Plant Andreas Pirscher, Alstom Power

14:30 h Siemens Steam Turbine Design for AD700 Power Plant Kai Wieghardt, Siemens Power Generation

14:50 h Coffee Break

15:20 h Advanced Materials for AD700 Steam Turbines Rod Vanstone, Alstom Power

15:40 h Further Initiatives related to the AD700 Technology Christian Stolzenberger, VGB

16:00 h Concluding Remarks Dario Lucarella, Director R&D CESI

Last Name First Name CompanyAmbrogi Romano CESI SpaBarbucci Pietro ENEL ProduzioneBattaglia Angelo Foster Wheeler Italiana SPABauer Franz VGB PowerTech e.V.Becker Martin Babcock-Hitachi Europe GmbHBregani Fiorenzo CESI SpaBressan Luigi Foster Wheeler Italiana SPABuchanan Les Mitsui BabcockBugge Jorgen Elsam Engineering A/SCapra Marcello Ministry of Productive ActivitiesCaridi Aurora CESI SpaCernuschi Federico CESI SpaCesari Franco Univ.Bologna. Dip. DIENCAChen Qiurong ALSTOM Power Boiler GmbHChiesa Francesco Stazione Sperimentale per i CombustibiliClavarino Andrea President Euriscoal and AssocarboniConcari Stefano CESI SpaD'Auria Vincenza Ansaldo Energia S. p. A.De Masi Caterina Edipower S.p.A.De Piaggi Roberto Victaulic EuropeD'Elia Pasquale Tirreno Power SPADermol Joze CEE d.o.o.Di Gianfrancesco Augusto Centro Sviluppo MaterialiDi Meglio Antonio Ansaldo Caldaie SpADirbach Matthias Holter Regelarmaturen GmbH & Co. KGDonth Bernhard Saarschmiede GmbHDotta Umberto Edipower S.p.A.Ebrecht Martin DVM StainlessEdelmann Heiner Siemens AG Power GenerationEinaudi Corrado Energia Progetti S.R.L.Ermilli Alberto ENEA CRFErulo Enrico Tirreno Power SPAFioretti Antonio Energia Progetti S.R.L.Galli Giuseppe STF SpAGuardamagna Cristina CESI SpaGuerreiro Ilidio EDF Electricite de FranceHansen Soren ENERGI E2 A/SHazeldine Paul Special Metals Wiggin Ltd.Henderson Pamela Vattenfall AB ElproduktionHoubak Niels TudiHusemann Ralf-Udo Babcock-Hitachi Europe GmbHIshizawa Kenji IHI Europe Ltd.Jaud Philippe EDF Electricite de FranceKakaras Emmanouil National Technical University of AthensKäß Martin EnBW Kraftwerke AGKirchner Holger Siemens AG Power GenerationKjaer Sven Elsam Engineering A/SKlauke Friedrich Babcock-Hitachi Europe GmbHLabanti Martino ENEA CRFLeban Miran CEE d.o.o.

AD700 Conference / List of Participants

Liberati Guglielmo Enel Produzione - PisaLucarella Dario Director R&D CESIMalusardi Enrico Edison SpaMartin Patrice EDF Electricite de FranceMartins Victor EDP P EM Process EngineeringPagnussat Roberto John Crane Italia SPAPasini Sauro ENEL Generation & EnergyPedersen Lars Storm ENERGI E2 A/SPenati Massimo Ansaldo Caldaie SpAPeszt Zbigniew Elektrocieptownie WarszawskiePiasente Romeo Ansaldo Caldaie SpAPirscher Andreas Alstom Power (Schweiz) AGPollastro Fabrizio STF SpAPoulsen Hans Henrik Burmeister & Wain Energy A/SRasmussen Frands ENERGI E2 A/SRinaldi Claudia CESI SpaRomano Matteo Politecnico di MilanoRosenkranz Jens Siemens AG Power GenerationSage Peter AEA TechnologySantagostino Giulio CEO CESISchiavi Luigi ENEL Power - RomaSchnatbaum-Laumann Lars Siemens AG Power GenerationSchönfeld Karl-Heinz Saarschmiede GmbHSorgenti Rinaldo AssocarboniStolzenberger Christian VGB PowerTech e.V.Tatschl Arnold BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH & Co KGTorri Lucia CESI SpaTschaffon Helmut E.ON Energie AGUpton Mark Mitsui Babcock Energy Ltd.Vanstone Rod W. ALSTOM Power UK Ltd.Weissinger Gerhard ALSTOM Power Boiler GmbHWieghardt Kai Siemens AktiengesellschaftWolters Francis Electrabel

Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 1

Towards Zero Emission Towards Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Based Power Generation Fossil Fuel Based Power Generation

-- R&D Activities within the EU R&D Activities within the EU

Vassilios KOUGIONASEnergy Production and Distribution Unit

DG ResearchEuropean Commission


World energy system still relying by 90% on fossil fuels by 2030World CO2 emissions to grow more rapidly than energy demand (2.1% p.a.)Oil production to increase by 65% over 2004-2030, gas and coal to double over the periodElectricity demand to increase by 3% p.a., much relying on coal and gas

ENERGY OUTLOOK(From WETO)

Without radical policy measures


)

Still 90% fossil fuels worldwide by 2030

0

3000

6000

9000

12000

15000

18000

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Mto

e

Coal, lignite Oil Natural gasP rim . E lec tric ity W ood and was tes

ENERGY OUTLOOK(From WETO)

Without radical policy measures


Energy Related CO2 Emissions(WETO - EC DG RTD)

0

1 0 0 0

2 0 0 0

3 0 0 0

4 0 0 0

5 0 0 0

6 0 0 0

7 0 0 0

8 0 0 0

9 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 0

Mt o

f CO

2

E u ro p e a n U n io n E U & A c c e s s io n C o u n t r ie sU S A B ra z i lIn d ia C h in aJ a p a n


Security of supply - Green Paper on Security of energy supply(Issued Nov. 2000)

Rising import dependencyDiversification is keyNo option to be ruled outNeed to act on orienting demand

Energy Efficiency

Directive on cogeneration of heat and power (2004)proposal in 2003 for a Directive on the promotion of end-use efficiency and energy services to enhance the cost-effective and efficient end-use of energy in Member States Green Paper (2005)

EU ENERGY POLICY RESPONSE


RES

RES White paper 1997: increase share of RES from 6% to 12% of gross consumption by 2010

RES-e DIRECTIVE 2001 : to establish a framework to increase the share of green electricity from 14% to 22% of gross electricity consumption by 2010

Directive on liquid biofuels (May 2003) targets: 2% by 2005; 5.75% by 2010

White Paper on European Transport Policy (2001) (20% substitution of diesel and gasoline by alternative fuels by 2020)

EU ENERGY POLICY RESPONSE


CO2 and Climate Change

There is evidence that there is a link between the increase of greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere and the measured temperature rises.Communication from the EC (February 2005):“Winning the Battle Against Global Climate Change” (See Annex)

Political contextKyoto protocol/ Post KyotoRenewable Energy Sources and Energy Efficiency are recognised as Technological options for reducing emissions

Green Paper on Energy Efficiency or Doing More With Less (EC publication Jun 2005).Main Message : "Europe could save 20% of its energy by 2020”

European Climate Change Programme second phase will soon start and has CCS high on the agendaEU Greenhouse Gas Trading Directive – trading started Jan 05Security of Supply and Competition supporting EU’s Lisbon and Barcelona objectives


Kyoto Protocol entered into force on 16/02/05GHGs - 8% over 2008 - 12 compared to 1990Burden sharing agreement (EU-15)On track so far

But final target could be missedECCP identified cheapest routesETAP for specific action

EU Greenhouse Gas Trading Directive –trading started Jan 05“linking” directive transferring CDM and JI credits into the EU GHG trading directive.Kyoto is only a first step.

CLIMATE CHANGE


Distance-to-target indicators (in index points = percent) for EU-25

1,9-58,3

-55,4-50,4

-28,7-27,4

-23,4-20,9

-7,4-6,3-6,1

-1,91,7

3,54,2

6,66,8

11,511,8

12,916,3

21,124,8

30,4

1,4

17,010,9

8,6

-1,4

- 70 - 60 - 50 - 40 - 30 - 20 - 10 0 + 10 + 20 + 30 + 40

EU-15Latvia

LithuaniaEstoniaPoland

HungarySlovakia

Czech RepublicUnited Kingdom

GermanySwedenFrance

LuxembourgSlovenia

NetherlandsBelgiumFinlandGreece

DenmarkItaly

AustriaIreland

PortugalSpain

Percentage points below (-) or above (+) linear target path

DTI 2002 DTI 2002 with use of Kyoto mechanisms

Note: DTI in percentage points relative to base year emissions (the bars) show the deviations between a hypothetical target (in 2002) and what has actually been achieved (in 2002), on the assumption that reductions as a percentage of base year levels take place on a linear basis. It assumes that the Member States meet their target entirely on the basis of domestic measures and does not therefore include the use of Kyoto mechanisms or sinks allowed for under the Kyoto Protocol. Source: EEA, 2004


EU-25 greenhouse gas emissions until2002 and projections until 2010

Year

1990

GH

G E

mis

sion

s =

100

CLIMATE CHANGE-KYOTO

91

96

91

80

90

100

110

base

year

1995

2000

2005

2010

GHG emissions (past)

GHG projections with existingmeasures

GHG projections with additionalmeasures

Note: 1990 is the base year for most Member States for CO2, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) but 1995 for fluorinated gases. The base year for CO2, CH4 and N2O for Hungary is the average of 1985-1987, for Slovenia 1986 and for Poland 1988; the base year for fluorinated gases is 1990 for France and Finland


CLIMATE CHANGE


Communication from the EC (February 2005) : “Winning the Battle Against Global Climate Change”

Challenges : More drastic GHG reductions will be neededmax. 2°C increase, max. 450 ppmv,- 50 / 60% by 2050

Participation Challenge: Include all major emittersshare of EU-25 in world GHG emissions will decline to <10%

share of developing countries will expand to >50%

Innovation ChallengePulling technological change: Stimulate markets to promote adoption of new technology

Pushing technological change: Invest in knowledge economy to give EU a competitive edge in a low carbon future

Adaptation Challenge

CLIMATE CHANGE - POST 2012


Efficiency and conservation1. Improved fuel economy of vehicles2. Reduced reliance on cars3. More efficient buildings4. Improved power plant efficiency

Decarbonization of Electricity and Fuels5. Substituting natural gas for coal6. Storage of carbon captured in power plants7. Storage of carbon captured in hydrogen plants8. Storage of carbon captured in synthetic fuel plants9. Nuclear fission10. Wind electricity11. Photovoltaic electricity12. Renewable hydrogen13. biofuels

Natural sinks14. Forest management15. Agricultural soils management

CLIMATE CHANGE –POST 2012

Fifteen Technology OptionsEach potentially reducing emissions by 3.6 Gt CO2 per year by 2050

Source: Pacala, S, Socolow, R.2004. Science Vol. 305. 968-972


CURRENT EU R&D ACTIVITIES ON CO2 C+S AND CLEAN FOSSIL FUEL BASED POWER GENERATION

FP5 to FP6 FROM : gas turbines, combustion, conversion and emission reduction technologies, including Carbon Capture and Storage TO focus Carbon Capture and Storage in association with cleaner fossil fuel power plants

Key actions in FP6Projects and activities launched worth more than 120 M€Growth Initiative – “Quickstart” Programme : HypogenCo-ordination of member states activities, ERA-NET (FENCO)International Cooperation : The “The Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum”FP6 Last Call launched in Sept. 2005 on minor Complementary Activities and preparation for FP7

FP7New scope and instruments!Technology Platform on Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants


FP2 and 3 :

A few small research projects modelling power cycles with CO2 as the working fluid, often requiring oxyfuel combustion and new turbomachines

FP5 :

Gas turbines, combustion, conversion and emission reduction technologies, including Carbon Capture and Storage

This gave rise to a few projects, mostly about storage, and mostly in the second half of FP5

Background Background –– Previous Framework ProgrammesPrevious Framework Programmes


FP5 Project PortfolioProject Topic cost funding co-ord.

(m€) (m€)

CAPTURE AZEP Advanced membrane cycles 9.3 3.4 Alstom- GRACE Capture in processes 3.2 2.1 BPSEQUESTRATION GESTCO Sequestration Potential 3.8 1.9 GEUS- CO2STORE SACS2 follow-up on land 2.4 1.2 Statoil- NASCENT Natural storage analogues 3.3 1.9 BGS- RECOPOL Enhanced coal bed methane 3.4 1.7 TNOSEQ. MONITORING WEYBURN Weyburn monitoring 2.2 1.2 BGS- SACS2 Monitoring Sleipner 2.1 1.2 StatoilNETWORKING CO2NET ERA Dimension - networking 2.1 1.4 Tech.

TOTALS 31.8 16.0



Sleipner - CO2 injection into the Utsira formation – source : Statoil.

Commission project monitoring the CO2 after injection



A Priority in Long Term Energy R&D in FP6 (2002-2006)Capture and sequestration of CO2, associated with cleaner fossil fuel plants.

Targets: reduce the cost of CO2 capture from 50-60 € to 20-30 € per tonne of CO2 captured, whilst aiming at achieving capture rates above 90%, and assess the reliability and long term stability of sequestration.

Current Activities Current Activities –– FP6FP6


on-going projects

7141/1/0436Univ. ofStuttgart

1.9Innovative in-situ CO2 capture

technology for solid fuel gasification

STREP

ISCC

7131/4/0460BGS6Network of excellence on

geological sequestration of CO2

NoECO2GEONET

12301/2/0448IFP8.5CO2 from capture to storage

IPCASTOR

9331/3/0460Vattenfall10.7Enhanced capture of CO2

IPENCAP

8141/4/0460PostdamResearch

C

8.7In-situ laboratory for capture and

sequestration of CO2

IPCO2SINK

No of countries

No of Partners

StartDuration(months)

Coordinator

EU funding

(M€)

TitleType of

Action

Project Acronym



CO2 capture and hydrogen production from gaseous fuels (IP)CACHET

The monitoring and verification of CO2 geological storage (IP)CO2REMOVE

Preparing for large scale H2 production from decarbonised fossil fuels including CO2 geological storage (IP) (HYPOGEN PHASE1)DYNAMIS

Advanced separation techniques (STREP)CLC GAS POWER, C3-Capture, DeSANNS, HY2SEPS

Mapping geological CO2 storage potential matching sources and sinks (STREP) EU GeoCapacity

THIS LIST WITH THE PREVIOUS ONE MEANS THAT ABOUT 70m€ WERE COMMITTED UNDER FP6 – FOR A TOTAL RTD EFFORT OF ABOUT 130m€

FP6 Third call –Dec. 2004 –New Proposals under negotiation



Summary of Action in FP6Projects and activities launched worth more than 130 M€Growth Initiative – “Quickstart” Programme : Hypogen

Co-ordination of member states activities, ERA-NET (FENCO)

International Cooperation : The Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum

FP6 Last Call by Sept. 2005 on Complementary Activities and preparation for FP7



THE CSLF

A US initiative, about 20 countries, including the UK, Italy, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Denmark and Norway, plus the EC. (Greece has applied)A charter to promote research and technological development in CO2 C+S, signed in Washington on June 25, 2003The CSLF has also met in January 2004 in Rome and September 2004 in MelbourneThe next major meeting is planned end of September 2005 in BerlinThe EC holds preparatory and co-ordination meetings with European Member States before each CSLF event

International ActivitiesInternational Activities


Co-ordinationof Member States Activities

Building the ERA:

Following ERA-NET SSA (FENCO) on the co-ordination for national programmes, large scale power generation, lead by Germany (BMWA) and the UK (DTI), ERA-NET CA programme involves 13 Member States


1. b. Energy Research in FP7

-What we are planning to do

THIS SECTION REFLECTS THE STATE OF AFFAIRS OF FP7 AS OF OCT 05 – THINGS CAN CHANGE

!


RTD policy drivers

LISBON(March 2000)

Most competitive and dynamic knowledge-

based economy by 2010

BARCELONA(March 2002)

Need to boost RTDAim: 3% of EU GDP by 2010 (2/3 private)

BUILDING THE EUROPE OF KNOWLEDGE

European Research Area

Energy Research in FP7Energy Research in FP7


CooperationCollaborative research actions

– support schemes

Collaborativeresearch

Joint Technology Initiatives

Coordination of national research programmes

ERA-NETERA-NET+Article 169

International Cooperation


Energy - Proposed Priorities topics:

Hydrogen and fuel cellsRenewable electricity generationRenewable fuel productionRenewables for heating and coolingCO2 capture and storage technologies for zero emission power generation Clean coal technologiesSmart energy networksEnergy savings and energy efficiencyKnowledge for energy policy making

Energy Research in FP7Energy Research in FP7


Clean Power Generation in FP7

Key considerations(Valid for the EU and worldwide)

Fossil fuels projected to be an important part of power generation mix in the decades to come

Environmental compatibility : need to drastically reduce CO2 emissions for transition to sustainability

Huge projected demand for new generation capacity : European industry should be highly competitive


Clean Power Generation in FP7

CO2 Capture and Storage technologies for zero emission power generationTo drastically reduce the environmental impact of fossil fuel use aiming at highly efficient power generation plants with near zero emissions based on CO2 capture and storage technologies.

Clean Coal TechnologiesTo substantially improve plant efficiency, reliability and cost through development and demonstration of clean coal conversion technologies


Tentative Timetable for FP7

06/04/05 Commission – Adoption of FP7 proposals

09/05 Commission – Proposals on SPs and Rules for participation and dissemination

Late 2005 Commission – Proposals under Articles 169 and 171 and Executive Agencies

01/06 Council – Common position

06/06 Council and EP – Adoption of FP and Rules

07/06 Council – Adoption of the SPs


The Technology Platform for Zero Emission Fossil Fuels Power Plants

ZEFFPP- A Strategic Item


To drastically reduce the environmental impact of fossil fuel use, particularly coal , aiming at highly efficient power generation plants with near zero emissions. This will include CO2 capture and storage, as well as clean conversion technologies leading to substantial improvement in plant efficiency, reliability and costs. .

Scope

The technology PlatformThe technology Platform


Stakeholders getting together to define a Common Vision and a Research Agenda on key strategically important issues with high societal relevance where achieving Europe’s future growth, competitiveness and sustainability objectives is dependent upon major research and technological advances in the medium to long term.

ConceptThe technology PlatformThe technology Platform


TP ZEFFPP Action

EU Clean Fossil Power InitiativeAiming for critical mass actionEuropean Technology Platform established with ECMajor input to EC FP7 (2006-2013)

TP ZEFFPP Advisory Council formed 21Jun05

6 Generators : EoN, Endesa,ENEL, RWE, Vattenfall, Energie E2 6 Equipment suppliers : Ansaldo, ALSTOM, Air Liquide, Foster Wheeler, Mitsui Babcock, Siemens5 oil/gas companies : BP, Shell, Statoil, Total, Schlumberger5 researchers and 3 NGOsEC DGRTD, DGTREN, DGENV

Vice Chairs : Appert/IFPValero/CIRCESoothill/ALSTOMHill/BP

Chair : Haege/Vattenfall


TP ZEFFPP Structure and Key Outputs

Advisory Council

Plant &CO2-Capture

Communication & Public Acceptance

Infrastructure &Environment

CO2-Use &Storage

Member State Mirror Group Secretariat

Strategic Research Agenda

Deployment Strategy

Coordination Group

Market, Regulation & Policy

Technical and non-technical issues will be addressed


European Technology Platform (TP)Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants

Background and ObjectivesIndustry-led initiative, wide range of stakeholders involvedTPs to provide strategic input to EU Framework ProgrammesCritical mass R&D initiativePossibly Joint Technology Initiative (JTI) for demonstration plant

State of PlayAdvisory Council: strong high-level industry commitmentVision: carbon abatement with CCS and efficiency increasesMatrix structure established for TP work

OutlookLaunch event in Brussels 1st December 2005Strategic Research Agenda (SRA): April 2006Deployment Strategy (DS): June 2006

Sustainable Energy SystemsEuropean CO2 Capture & Storage Conference, Brussels April 2005 Slide n° 37

Implementation:

Strategy Research Agenda

Launch the Technology Platform

Joint Vision

Advisory Council and Terms of Reference. Possible Creation of MG and GA.

Consultation with main initiators and stakeholders

20062005Initial 18 months

Tentative Time Table


Expected benefits of the TP (1)

TPs should :Structure and integrate EU research towards achieving shared vision and objectives (ERA)Establish EU in leadership position at global level -international co-operation vs. competitionSupport and increase overall (EU+MS+private) RTDinvestment in the field (leveraging resources through public-private partnerships)

Thereby supporting Thereby supporting EU’sEU’s Lisbon and Barcelona objectivesLisbon and Barcelona objectives


Expected benefits of a TP (2)

TPs should also:Accelerate the generation of new knowledge, innovationand the uptake of research and technologies;Remove obstacles to deployment at EU, MS, regional and local levels;Contribute to achieving a coherent and consistent policy and regulatory framework;Increase attractiveness of EU for researchers and investors;Increase public awareness, understanding and acceptance.


CONCLUSIONS

In consolidating its leading position in Clean Power In consolidating its leading position in Clean Power Generation, Europe needs to :Generation, Europe needs to :

Boost investment on research and technology development Integrate fragmented, private and public (national, European) effortsWork together towards a vision shared by all relevant stakeholders, including European society and governmentsFace jointly the challenges and opportunities of international cooperation and competition

The «The « Zero EmissionsZero Emissions Fossil Fuel Power Plants» TP and FP7 are key Fossil Fuel Power Plants» TP and FP7 are key elements to address these needs in the months and years to elements to address these needs in the months and years to comecome


Stay Informed about theTechnology Platform ZEFFPP and Events and Publications in CO2

Capture and Storage

Energy Research on Europahttp://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/index_en.html

The Technology Platform on Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants

http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/nn/nn_rt/nn_rt_co/article_2268_en.htm

CORDIS EC research programmes and projectshttp://www.cordis.lu

Role and Perspective of Coal Role and Perspective of Coal in Power Generation in Italyin Power Generation in Italy

Marcello Capra

Ministry of Productive Activities

Directorate-General of Energy and Mineral Resources

European Conference AD700, Milan, 27 October, 2005

Coal in Italy (2004)

• Total Imports: 25.7 Mt (+ 16%)• Steam coal imports: 19.3 Mt (+22%)• Electricity generation : 45.5 TWh (+ 17%)• Consumption for electricity: 17 Mt

Electricity Generation

Primary Energy Sources Contribution (%)to 2004 Electricity Generation (303 TWh)

15%

15%

43%

7%

20%

C o a lOi lN a t u r a l Ga sOt h e r sR e n e w a b l e s

The background

• Italy is highly dependent for oil and gas supply on external sources

• Energy prices in Italy are on the average higher than in the rest of OECD Europe

• Complex administrative procedures and strong local opposition against energy infrastructures

The long-term trends• Emphasise energy diversification while

coping with environmental concerns• Continue the process of liberalisation of the

electricity market towards retail market• Increase security of energy supply• Reduce energy prices and tariffs• Streamline the authorisation procedures

The perspective of coal

• Short-term: keep existing fleet in service:– Switch from oil to coal– Reduce carbon intensity and pollutants

• Long-term: transition to near-zero emissions– Advanced materials– Ultra-high efficiency systems– CO2 capture and storage

The new issues for coal in Italy

• Facing Emission trading and National allocation plan at EU level (Directive2003/87/EC)

• Development of a long-term vision strategy• Development of a new technology roadmap for

PCC and ZETs

Italy Reference Scenario Electricity Generation

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

2019

Others

Coal

Renewables

Oil

Natural gas

Clean Coal Technologies• High fragmentation of R&D activities• Cooperation among R&D Centres,

Universities and industries necessary• International cooperation necessary• Funding:

– European Commission – Ministries– Fund for R&D on the Electricity System

Sulcis Coal Initiative

• 2nd International Conference on CCTs• R&D National Centre on CCTs• Sulcis coal syngas production with CO2 and

hydrogen separation• Integrated project of power generation from

Sulcis coal for low-cost electricity supply

International cooperation

• International Energy Agency• Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum• International Partnership on Hydrogen

Economy• Methane to Markets Partnership• FutureGen Project

Power generation from coal and competitiveness in Europe and Italy

Cesi ConferenceAD700 - Advanced (700°C) PF Power Plant:

A Clean Coal European TechnologyMilan, 27 october 2005

Andrea ClavarinoChairman Assocarboni

[email protected]

Coal in global power generation

Coal38%

Oil7%Gas

20%

Nuclear Energy16%

Others19%

Of 16,660 TWh worldwide power generation 38% comes from coal

Source: IEA, 2004

Coal in EU-25’s power generation

Coal33%

Oil5%

Gas18%

Nuclear Energy31%

Others13%

33% of power (3.005 TWh) generated in EU-25 in 2004 comes from coal

Source: EUROSTAT, Verein der Kohlenimporteure, EURACOAL member states

Primary Energy Consuption and Power Production

Source: European Commission

Primary Energy Supply 2004

Coal31%

Oil41%

Gas28%

World total 12,5 Gtce

Source: BGR, BP 2005

Reserve fossil fuels 2004

Coal55%

Oil28%

Gas17%

World total 1,136 Gtce

Source: BGR, BP 2005

Power Generation Mix

WorldEuropeItaly

perc

enta

ge

Natural Gas Oil Coal Nuclear Other

Market of Hard Coal and Lignite 2003:930 Million Tons

AustriaBelgiumDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceIrelandItalyLuxembourgNetherlandsPortugalSpainSwedenUnited-KingdomEU-15Czech -RepublicCyprusEstoniaHungaryLatviaLithuaniaMaltaPolandSloveniaSlovakiaEU-AccedingEU-25BulgariaRomaniaSerbiaTurkeyTOTAL

----

1,728,8

------

13,1-

27,871,414,2

--

0,7---

100,4--

115,3186,7

2,62,5-

2,2194,0

1,2----

179,168,2

-----

8,1--

256,650,5

--

13,4---

60,94,73,4

132,9389,524,630,132,059,0

535,2

HARD COALPRODUCTION

LIGNITEPRODUCTION

COALIMPORTSCOUNTRY

3.99.39.5

10.116.634.90.72.5

20.50.1

21.65.3

21.53.0

32.1191.6

1.2--

1.0---

2.5-

4.99.6

201.24.03.3-

15.5224

Italy2,6% of the European consumption (22 Million Tons of which 5 Million from Coking Coal)

Power Production in EuropePower Production in TWh

203020201995

203020201995

37.40.936.18.517.0

23.11.537.322.315.9

34.07.79.035.114.1

Solid FuelsOilGasNuclearOther Energy Forms

1767361416335144035016753919

76054131678799033412253531

669178324810330286322306

Solid FuelsOilGasNuclearBiomass/WasteNew FuelsHydroWindOther RenewablesTOTAL

Source: European Comm. 2000

Italy6% approximately of European production (39 TWh)

Regasification Capacity:Comparison Italy vs. Europe

4

Present ratio between regasification capacity and gas consumption

Regasification capacity(2000 - Mld mc/year)

International comparison between power energy imports

Year 2007:Energy Dependenceof Italian Power System

Power Generationby Natural Gas: 60%

ALGERIA + RUSSIA =61.5 (Mc/A) = 66%

Coal is the strategic option:competitive and stable

the most competitive

the most stable and predictable

on the costs

without geoplitical and

speculative price effects

COAL

olio (STZ) gas (CCGT) orimulsion coal

05

1015202530354045

80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02

Brent Gas

Coal

Enviromentalization of coal power plants

Enviromental achievements in emissions reductions:

2004- 80%- 60%- 75%

100%

SO2

NOxDustsRecoveryAshes

Emission reduction as compared to 1998

4 billions of Euro of investments in the period 1998-2004

• All the big power stations are equipped with systems for the reduction of the polluting emissions:

- desulphurizers

- denitrification systems

- dusts elimination systems

The installed plants are among the most efficient and modern in the World

• Emissions under the existing legislative limitations

• Emissions of the Italian power plants are among the lowest in Europe

• The plants are among the most efficient and modern in the world (highest avarage efficiencies in Europe)

CO2 Emissions

- ITALY: - 7,6% COMPARED TO 1990 (Source: Relazione Autorità per l’Energia Elettrica ed il Gas)

- WORLD: 22.741,7 M/TONs

- ITALY: 25,58 M/TONs (from Coal Production) ⇒

0,10% of the total in the world

1

R&D on Coal Power Generation in Italy

European Conference

AD700 - Advanced (700°C) PF Power Plant:

A Clean Coal European Technology

Pietro Barbucci

Enel Research

Milan 27th October, 2005

22

Electricity generation in Italy

R&D activities in coal fired generation

Efficiency

Environment

CO2 reduction, capture and storage

Hydrogen

Outline

33

Electricity generation in ItalyProvisional data 2004 (GRTN)

Total gross production in Italy: 300.4 TWh (Enel-GEM 126 TWh)

Total gross production including import: 346 TWh

Import

National Production

Thermal production

Hydro production

Wind, photovoltaic andgeothermal production

85.80%

Import14.20%

68.60%

14.90%

2.30%

44

Enel-GEM production fuel mix(*)

(*) Analyst presentation in Rome (March 31st, 2005)

Enel believes that the use of

clean coal technologies is

crucial for maintaining

competitiveness and

sustaining long term

profitability.

24% 27% 30%

22%25%

50%9%

19%

20%

45%

29%

2002 2004 Target

Oil and Gas ST/OCGT

Gas CCGT

Coal

Renewables

55

Efficiency

Environment


Hydrogen

Research areas

66

The strategy

Coal must remain a key fuel source for power generation. The future of

coal fired generation depends on continuous improvements in thermal

efficiency.

New materials and manufacturing capabilities

Significant process efficiency improvement

USC-PF

IGCC

EFCC

77

Efficiency - USC - pf

530

540

550

560

570

580

590

600

610

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010Year

Max

SH

Ste

am T

empe

ratu

re, °

C

⊗

Recent USC p.f. boilers Studstrup (DK) 540/540

Maatsura 1 (J) 538/566

Esbjerg (DK) 560/560

Schwarze Pumpe (D) 547/565


Haramachi 2 (J) 600/600

Nordjylland (DK) 580/580/580

Boxberg (D) 545/581

Tachibanawan 1 (J) 600/610

Avedore (DK) 580/600

Niederaussem (D) 580/600

Hekinan (J) 568/593

Isogo (J) 600/610

Torrevaldaliga (I) 600/610⊗Hitachinaka (J) 600/600

Huyan (China)

Studstrup (DK) 540/540


Esbjerg (DK) 560/560

Schwarze Pumpe (D) 547/565


Haramachi 2 (J) 600/600

Nordjylland (DK) 580/580/580

Boxberg (D) 545/581

Tachibanawan 1 (J) 600/610

Avedore (DK) 580/600

Niederaussem (D) 580/600

Hekinan (J) 568/593

Isogo (J) 600/610

Torrevaldaliga (I) 600/610⊗Hitachinaka (J) 600/600

Huyan (China)

88

Development needs in USC - pf

Advanced material and components to reach efficiencies

greater than 50%

A demo 700 °C plant is necessary, to maintain EU industry

competitiveness on Japan, US and, in the future, China

9

IGCCEnel experience: participation to Puertollano 335 MW project

1010

Net Efficiency: 42.2%

IGCC - Puertollano 335 MW operating results

6000 operating hours at full power

1111

Developments needed in IGCC

TG

Sulphur

GASIF.Coal

Ashes

Boiler recovery

TV

Water

Steam

Fouling

ASU

Air

Oxygen

AirGas

CO

Improved feeding and handling systems

Cheaper, less energy consuming O2separation systems

Prime enabling technology for increasing efficiency

Nitrogen

Gasifier component development, materials and refractories

Gas cleaninghigh temper.

filtration

1212

Simplify the systems

Improve efficiency and availability

Reduce costs

Utilities need a ”new generation” full scale prototype

Developments needed in IGCC, cont.

1313

To increase the efficiency of solid fuel and oil residue utilization

Externally Fired Combined Cycle - EFCC

Ceramic heat exchanger

FilterHRSG

COMB

CO GTST GE1GE2

Fuel

1400 °C600 °C120 °C

1250 °C

600 °C

570 °C

420 °C

Airη 52%

1414

EFCC pilot plant

1515

H.T. Ceramic Heat Exchanger

EFCC pilot plant

1616

Efficiency

Environment


Hydrogen

Research areas

1717

Clean combustion

TEA® – ∆NOx 50%4.400 MW

retrofitted plants

Reburning - ∆NOx 70%7.120 MWe

retrofitted plants

To study NOx formation kinetic to develop Low-NOx combustion systems

NOx formation kinetic

“Industria e Ambiente”Award

OSSICIANOGENI(OCN,HNCO)

NOX

N2

IDROCARBONICIFRAMMENTI

CH, CH2

COMPOSTIETEROCICLICI AZOTATI

SPECIE AMMONIACALI(NH3, NH2, NH,

N)

CIANOGENI(HCN, CN)

NOX

N2

N2O

H

ARIA COMBUSTIBILE

FUMI

1818

The evolution in the environmental field

Nitrogen oxides

Sulphur oxides

Particulate

Heavy metals

Organic pollutants

Ultrafine particulate

From acid rains to effects on health

1919

The strategy

Tightening regulations will require advanced solutions for improving

environmental compliance as regards micropollutants.

Mercury & heavy metals

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

Ultra-fine particulate

2020

Towards zero emissions

ESP/FF DeSOxDeNOx

Advanced technologies

and synergistic effects

2121

The synergistic effect

Each component in the flue gas cleaning section is

designed to remove a specific pollutant but,

besides this, can also have a beneficial effect on

other macro and micro pollutants, substantially

increasing the global abatement performance.

2222

Mercury transformation

ESP DeSOx

ChimneyDeNOx

Hg0

Hg0 Hg0Hg0 (g)

Hg Cl2(g)Hg O

Hg(p)

Hg Cl2Hg OHg SO4

Hg S

Hg2+

2323

The synergistic action on Mercury

Emission limit: Hg+Cd+Tl=200 µg/Nm3

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n(µ

g/N

m3 )

Boiler ESP DeSOx

0.8 µg/Nm3

Hg pHg 2+Hg 0

DeNOx

94% abatement

2424

VOC and Heavy Metals

ESP or FF

WFGDChimneySCR

M0

M++

M SO4

OxidationAbsorption and

AbatementAdsorption and

Abatement

Catalytic materials forVOC and Hg oxidation Sorbents Additives Measurement

Understanding the chemistry

Enhancing the synergistic effect of APCDs

Developing specific technology to zero emission

2525

Ultrafine particles

New material

Microporesurface

To study the formation process

To develop new technologies

2626

Efficiency

Environment


Hydrogen

Research areas

2727

The strategy

Efficiency

Biomass co-combustion

Process residues utilization

Capture and storage

To use all means to reduce CO2 emissions:

2828

The efficiency effect on CO2 emissions

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

EFFICIENCY, %

Spec

ific

Emis

sion

ofC

O2

(kg/

kWh)

COMBINED CYCLE1°GENERATION

ACTUALCOMBINED CYCLE

UNIFIED CYCLE320-600 MW

ULTRASUPERCRITICALCYCLE

GAS TURBINEOPEN CYCLE

STEAM CYCLES30-70 MW

Mid term objectives

2929

Biomass co-utilization

Biomass + coal

Co-combustion

Co-gasification

Pyrolysis

Coal generation assets will remain the backbone of the electric

industry in the medium term and might provide the route for the

development of large scale biomass consumption

3030

Development needs in biomass co-utilization

Energy cropsHandling,

storage and preparation

Co-utilization

Develop a reliable feedstock production

Quantify cost and productivity

Large scale demonstration

Develop and standardize handling components

Evaluate cost/benefits of different solutions (chips, pellets)

Large scale demonstration of different concepts

3131

Process residues utilization

Advanced solutions for reducing environmental impact of

residues.

coal ash valorization

high value utilization

3232

Developments in coal ash valorization

Ash quality

Cement1(*)

Concrete50(*)

(*) Relative values

Unburnt

FinenessCO2 reduction ~5%

Special concrete150(*)

Micronized ashes as

substitute of silica-

fume for high

performance

concretes.

3333

CO2 capture and storage

3434

A sustainable future for coal will only be achieved with the

development of near zero emissions technologies. Together with

efficiency increases, cost effective carbon abatement technologies must

be developed to support future power generation together with the

proof of safe, long-term CO2 storage and its acceptance (critical step)

Post-combustion capture

Oxy-firing to enhance CO2 capture

Multi-function IGCC – H2 production

CO2 capture and storage

3535

Development needs in post-combustion capture

Air

COAL

COAL

CO2 storage

Flue gas

Cryogenicprocesses

Membranes

Absorption

Lower cost

Less energy intensive process

Large-scale demonstration

3636

Development needs in oxy-combustion

Lower cost

Less energy consumingO2 separation system

O2

AIR

CO2 storage

N2

COAL

O2

CO2

CO2

CO2

COAL

Combustion control

Heat transfer

Effect of concentrated CO2 gas streams on boiler (corrosion, fouling and slagging)

3737

Efficiency

Environment


Hydrogen

Research areas

3838

Infrastructures

Enel vision on Hydrogen

Enel ownsProduce H2 from coal in the existing power

plants cutting investment and operating costs

Use H2 in high efficiency and zero emission

cogeneration cycles

Accumulate energy through H2 production by

high efficiency electrolysis and storage

Know-how

to

3939

Hydrogen from coal

Reducing capital cost

Improving reliability and flexibility

Increasing plant efficiency

Air

Coal

Steam

CO2+H2

SteamG

assi

fica

tore

O2

Gas

ifie

r

Gascleaning

COShift

Separation

H2

StorageCO2

StorageStorageN2

Oxygenproduction

Co-gasification of coal, biomass and residue

Increase of H2 conversion Hot gas clean-up

Pressure swing adsorption

Cathalitic process

Cryogenic process

Key issues

4040

Pyrolytic cracking - A new way

Pyro

lyze

r

Co

mb

ust

or

Ref

orm

Coal

Steam

Inert + Char

Air

CO2

Shif

t

H2

Char to power station

Sep.

Filtration

Volatile matter

4141

Hydrogen CC – A demo project in Venice

CO GT GE

CC

Air

Flue gas (N2 e O2)

Hydrogen

Steam343°C 25 bar

H2O 32,6°C

H2O

H2O 53°C

41°C

Steam

41°C

H2O 89°C

Low NOx combustion

16 MWe

High efficiency

Low emissions

4242

The long term scenario

AD 700 Advanced 700 oC P F Power Plant

Advanced 700 oC PF Power PlantStatus

CESI, Milan 27 October 2005

Jørgen BuggeElsam Engineering


Elsam – development in efficiency

1950 19701960 19901980 20202000 201030323436384042444648

5250

54565860%

Commissioning Year

Esbjerg 3 Nordjyllandsværket

Fynsv. 7

“250 MW”

Studstrup 3/4Ensted 3

Line of Steel

Line of Super Alloys

Wet CoolingTowersReduce NetEfficiency asShown in theDiagram by~1.5% Point.


AD 700 history

• The idea is to develop the traditional steam plant with pulverized fuel (PF) boiler to advanced steam parameters of 700 C and 350 bar by using Nickel based materials for the highest temperatures.

• Idea presented at a COST meeting summer 1994.

• Preproject financed by EU 1996 – 97.


AD 700 Results in phase 11998-2004

• Materials identified.• Materials test started and most of them

completed.• Thermodynamical cycle agreed upon.• Feasibility study shows competitiveness.• New boiler concepts, which reduces the

amount of superalloys.


AD 700 Goals in phase 22002-2006

• Design and test of critical components.• Further study of innovative designs to

reduce the amount of superalloys.• Concept for a test facility (phase 3)• Business plans for a commercial plant.


AD 700-3 = COMTES700Component Test Facility in Scholven F

• Test of– Evaporator panel– Superheater panel– Headers and steam line– Bypass valve– Safety valve– Turbine inlet valve

• Operation 2005 to 2009.• Esbjerg Test Rig is started October 2004

parallel to COMTES 700 (100% financed by the Emax group).


Time schedule

Description 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

Conceptual feasibility

Material property demonstration

Basic design for Phase 3

Material property demonstration

FENCO. ( ERA, National Programmes)

Emax - CTF (COMTES700)

Construction of full scale demo plant

Operation of demo plant + feed back


Full Scale Demonstration Plant

• Increased competition has reduced the willingness to take risk both among manufacturers and generating companies.

• Big increase in raw material prices and low market volume leads to very high prices for the Nickel-based materials.

• Cooperation and support from EU is necessary to reduce risk to an acceptable level.


Full Scale Demonstration Plant

• AD 700 has shown that cooperation among competitors is possible.

• It is necessary to start work next year on the definition/specification of the Full Scale Demonstration Plant and how a consortium can be set up.


What is still missing

• Completion of running creep tests.• Qualification of Nimonic 263 (eventually

Inconel 740).• Further studies on the best boiler

concept.

Documents

PROGRAMME and public ACTA (missing ACTA available only to ...apps.cesi.it/applicativo_news/allegati/2008/AD700 Conference ACTA.pdf · Di Gianfrancesco Augusto Centro Sviluppo Materiali