MILITARY FIRE PROTECTWN - PRESENTAND FUTURE

THIRD ANNUAL DEFENSE

FIRE PROTECTION SYMPOSIUM AND EXPOSITION

CRYSTAL CITY HYATT REGENCY HOTEL

Arlington Virginia

February 14 - 16 1989

o PROGRAM OF EVENTS

AND

EXPOSITION DIRECTORY Defense Fire

Protection

~==============DF~

SPONSORED BY DEFENSE FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION

6215 Waterway Drive Falls Church VA 22044

(703) 941-4571

ARLINGTON COUNTY VIRGINIA

Arlington County is honored 10 host the Third Annual Defense Fire Protection Symposium and Exposition As Fire Chief of Arlingron County) welcome you to this dynamic community Hopefully all of the dTort and organization that has gone into planning this program will result in a memorable learnjng experience for all involved

i am proud to say that Virginia has some of [he finest in the Nations Fire Service We have severa military installations in Arlingron County and workdosely with lheirfire departments We are always interested in 1eaming more about military fire protection and would like to share what we know with our brothers in the military and federal fire services

I believe that DFPA will be able to assist in the~seeffort Again welcome J I

t~~~ mmiddot s Chief Thomas Hawkins Arlington County Fire Department Past President Virginia Fire Chiefs Association

Flame Retardant-Water Resistant Corrugated Packaging

Untreated COrrugated

Downey Inc has introduced the solution to the US Navy mandate for flame retardant packaging - PyroNova trade corrugated packagshying

Downey Inc has successfully completed a NAVSUPSYSCOM contract to apply flame retardant coating to fiberboard bin boxes in NISTARS Warehouses at Naval Supply Centers in Oakland and San Diego

PyroNovatrade meets the US Government requirements of MILshySPEC PPP-F-320D and MILSPEC PPP-B-636J

PyroNovacontainers are treated with a patented intumescentflame retardant coating which offers the following user benefits

Minimization of product loss from flre When exposed to fire the patented coating intumesces forming a char barrier that retards flame spread Because the intumescent coating dramatically reduces the flammability of corrugated your package does not readily become fuel for a fire In independent laboratory tests of muhiple samples PyroNova packaging received an ASTM E-162 flame spread rating of less than 20

Minimization of product loss from water Water damage is an unwanted by-product of fire fighting Sprinkler spray will eventually

PyroNova

degrade untreated corrugated packaging leading to water-related product damage PyroNova is the only flame retardant packaging which offers this benefit

PyroNova trade Flame Retardant Corrugated Specifications Comshypare a PyroNova flame retardant corrugated container against an untreated corrugated container of identical basis weight (275 Cshyflute domestic grade)

PyroNova Untreated Flame Spread ASTM E162-831 17 156 Specific Optic Density ASTM E6621 54 Unknown Bursting Strength (PSI-Minimum Average Dry)2 305 275 Top to Bottom Compression

Standard 73FI5O RH 10331bs 10291bs Cold-Humid 48FI85 RH 5741bs 5741bs

PyroNova corrugated is gluable and printable using standard adheshysives and ink

I Samples were exposed to 95deg F and 95 relative humidity for seven days and dried to constant weight prior to testing 2 Samples were exposed to 73deg F and 50 relative humidity for 24 hours

AIII~lied warranties 01 products merchanlabil~y fitness for a panicular purpose andor any other maner-wh9lher used singly in oombinalion with other substances or in any process-are hereby disclaimed by seller and excluded Buyer accepts liability lor determining the produot is suitable for buyers intended use

O(J)(Jwneg nc Container Corporation of America Flame Retardant Coatings

12650-C Lake Ridge Drive bull Lake Ridge VA 22192 (703) 491-5270 I Metro (703) 550-8033 I Fax (703) 643-5533

o 0 000

SCHEDULE OF EVENTS

TUESDAY FEBRUARY 14 1989

730 am- 700 pm Registration 1 C Foyer 900am-ll15 am General Session - Potomac 1-4 900am Welcome

Bill Barton American Fire Equipment Chairman of the Executive Board DFP Chief Tom Hawkins Fire Chief Arlington County Ron Fisher Director DFPA Dale Trout - Moderator Introduction of Service Representatives

915 am USS Bonefish (SS581) Fires Capt Mike Schery USN Naval Safety Cente

1000 am shy 1010 am Break 10 10 am - 1030 am Marine Corps Fire Protection Programs

Mr Al Kirchner Administrator Marine Corps Fire Service

1030 am Electrical Fires and Their Prevention Mr Frederick F Franklin PE Professional Analytical and Consulting Engineers

1055 am Integrated Damage Control Mr Carl Pohler Program Manager Damage Control Naval Sea Systems Command

1105 am The Exhibits Workshops and Demonstrations Program Master Chief John Taggart USN CINCLANTFLT Chief Sunny Hufton Naval Base Norfol Fire Department Mr Jim Rock Outland

11 30 am - 230 pm Exhibits Open Lunch in Exhibit Hall 200 pm - 500 pm Demonstrations (Schedule depends on

weather) Outdoors - Lot North of Hyatt Indoors shy Jefferson Room 3rd Floor Lincoln Room 3rd Floor

430pm Exhibits Close 500 pm - 630 pm Exhibits Open

Reception in Exhibit Hall Vip amp Key Persons Tours

700pm Banquet - Potomac 1-4 Keynote Address - Congo Curt Weldon Chmn Fire Services Caucus

WEDNESDAY FEBRUARY 15 1989

730 am - 500 pm Registration - 1 C Foyer 900 am - 1015 am Workshops First Session 3rd Floor

bull Materials - Jefferson Room bull Design - Kennedy Room bull Equipment - Lincoln Room bull HAZARD Assessment amp Risk

Considerations Roosevelt Room 1015 am - 1030 am Break 1030 am - 11 45 am Workshops Second Session - 3rd Floor

bull Education amp Training - Jefferson Room

bull Coatings amp Insulation - Kennedy Room

bull HAZMAT HAZCOM Toxicolshyogy amp Personnel Protection - Linshycoin Room

bull HAZARD Assessment amp Risk Considerations (Continued) -Roosevelt Room

Exhibits Open Lunch in Exhibit Hall 1200 pm - 230 pm 200 pm - 500 pm Demonstrations (Schedule depends on

weather) Outdoors - Lot North of Hyatt Indooors - Regency H 2C Level Prince William 3rd Floor

500pm Exhibits Close

530 pm - 630 pm Exhibitors Reception Cash Bar

THURSDAY FEBRUARY 16 1989

830 am- 100 pm Registration 900 am- 11 00 am WorkshopSeminar - Government

Acquisition Tim Foreman Office ofthe Secretary of Defense- Arlington Room

1100 am - 1245 pm Exhibits Open

LunchWrap Up Report 1 00 pm - 230 pm Guest Speaker - John McNichol Fire

Services Caucus Working with the Congressional Fire Services Caucus

1245 pm Exhibit Halls Close

TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcoming Remarks 2 Higher Standards Needed 16 AboutDFPA 6 Positive Pressure Ventilation 17 Exhibit Locator 8 Fire Retardant Coatings 18 Index oJ Advertisers 8 Floor Plan 21 FEDFIRE 1989 -1990 9 Defense Equipment 23 Workshop Highlights 10 Active Fire Protection 26 Demonstrations 11 Exhibitor Listing 27 Call For Papers 13 Biographies 36 Fire Fighting at Sea 14

Navy Tough Magnum Powerful Holmatroreg Magnum Force tradePHARS

(Portable Hydraulic Access and Rescue System)

Low Weight The lightest tools in the world

Strongest Forces 33000 Ibs of spreading force 63400 Ibs of cutting force

State-of-the-art technology compact power superior quality and maneuverability

= HOLMATROreg MAGNUM FORCE SERIEStrade

Holmatro Inc PO Box 99 Millersville MD 21108

o 0 000

ABOUTDFPA

DFP A is a not forprofit educational scientific tax exempt association with members from over 96 government and military organizations and 133 companies DFPA

membership comes from a cross section of all the disciplines of the fire service and the scientific and academic communities DFPA serves as a forum for government and industry interacshytions DFPA also coordinates and disseminates pertinent inforshymation about military fire fighting fire safe materials military fire protection practices organizations and individuals DFP As interest include all aspects of fire protection safety surshyvivability hazard reduction environmental issues government acquisition practices and public-private and domestic-foreign fire protection DFPAs overall purpose is to assist the Departshyment of Defense in eliminating injuries illnesses deaths and property damage due to fires

DFPA has its origins in the Navy Passive Fire Protection (PFP) program and two PFP symposia in 1984 and 1985 These meetings yielded large enthusiastic turnouts opened exchanges of information and sparked many initiatives DFPA expanded the scope of these symposia to include active fire protection detection suppression etc and increased representation from the Army and Air Force DFPA held its first Symposium in Annapolis Maryland in May 1987 The tragic fire aboard the USS Stark three days after the first symposium strengthened DFPAs resolve to become an effective dynamic organization that truly serves the armed forces

DFPA held a series of training courses in September 1987 and provided briefings to various groups including the Submarine Fire Protection Committee in November 1987 These events laid the groundwork for the Second Annual DFPA Symposium and Materials amp Technology Exposition in February 1988 Over 450 individuals attended representing 68 government agencies and 152 companies The symposium focused on establishing closer working relationships between government and industry and included 16 seminars 15 workshops 75 exhibitors and presenshytation of fire protection technologies materials and equipments The speakers included Senator John McCain (R-AZ) who is a strong proponent of fire safety and was on the flight deck of the USS Forestall as a Navy pilot during the fire that took 137 lives Congressman Charles Bennett (D-FL) Chairman of the Seapower Subcommittee ofthe Armed Services Committee and Congresswoman Beverly Byron (D-MD) a member of the Fire Service Caucus now the third largest caucus on capitol hill and other government leaders

DFPAs recently completed Fire Protection Conference in Norshyfolk Virginia used dynamic demonstrations and live fire burns to show innovative advances in fire protection technology to a varied cross-section of military end-users Demonstrations included new Passive Fire Protection materials fabrics sealants packaging coatings furnishings new fire suppresshysants pumps fire fighting rescue and safety equipments

respiratory protection equipment and protective clothing In his official report ofthis conference Mr Joseph K Taussig Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of the Navy for Safety and Survivability stated The DFPA meeting at the Chamberlin Hotel in Hampton Virginia was of significiant importance

Congressional and governmental leaders have recently enshycouraged DFPA to expand its scope to assist in solving private sector fire problems In particular Congressman Curt Weldon (R-PA) founder and chairman of the Fire Services Caucus has asked that DFPA assist in funneling military fire protection technologies materials and equipment between the private and public sectors DFPA plans to do this in close coordination with the members of the Fire Service Council and other associations as a means of sharing new technology and fire protection inforshymation between the private and public sectors Furthermore DFPA has come to realize that the United States is the world leader in military fire protection and despite shortcomings has the potential to become the world leader in fire protection technologies and equipment

DFPA PROVIDES THE FOLLOWING SPECIFIC SERVICES

Symposia Expositions and Conferences emphasizing demonstrations live fire burns exhibits and workshops for presentations of new technologies materials and equipment to increase awareness educate facilitate dialogues between the user and the manufacturersupplier and provide a forum atmosshyphere where Government agencies all the military services and industry listen to each other and work together

Databases directories and pUblications bull The DFPA Glossary of Fire Protection Acquisition

Logistics and Related Terms provides an up to date dicshytionary of government acquisition contractual logistics and fire protection safety and survivability terms It is sorted by acronym to long name and long name to acronym and definition It is a necessary tool for any individual that deals or would like to deal with the government

bull Guide to the Federal Acquisition Process Helps guide DFP A member companies through the governments comshyplex acquisition process and the equally complex orshyganizational structure

FEDFIREPER Directory of government and military pershysonnel and organizations involved with fire protection safety survivability and acquisition

bull Newsletters and bulletins and opportunities for professhysional growth and development FEDFIRE - 1989 DFPA Planning Guide and Calendar provides planning guidelines that outline how the work required to make our vehicles and facilities more fire safe could be planned general acquisition plans calendars and directories of DFP A members member companies and member comshypany Products amp Services

(Continued on page 15)

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 6

SLICEreg Pack- New cutting technology for fast entry and rescue

Youve got only seconds But now seconds are all you need to cut through just about anything Quickly and safely With the new SLICE Pack cutting system

bull Rapid Entry Carry SLICE Pack and youll cut or burn through virtually any barrier that stands in your way Steel doors and barred windows Locks and deadshybolts Even pierce cement block Cut through it all with the easy-to-use SLICE exothermic torch and rods

bull Rapid Rescue A building collapses A victim is trapshyped But even concrete and strucshytural steel are no match for you when you carry SLICE Pack It cuts through metallic non-metallic and composite materials So SLICE Pack gives you an all-purpose tool for fast victim extrication

bull Everything You Need

Specifications and equipment are subject to change

SLICE Pack lets you set up and start cutting last with a rugged carrying case containing everything you need You get the SLICE torch acshycessorres rechargeable power supshyply room for a 40 cubic foot oxygen bottle and a full complement of safety gear

bull Free Booklet Learn more about the versatile and rapid SLICE Pack cutting system Circle the number below or contact us directly at the Arcair Company Lancaster Ohio 43130 (phone 614shy653-5618) Concord Ontario Canada 9440 Erembodegem Belshygium Mexico 13 D F Mexico GPO 6700 Hong Kong

A subsdary of tft7j 8TOODY DELOAO BTELLITE INC

THE ARCAIR COMPANY HAS BEEN AWARDED THE CONTRACT TO SUPPL Y THE SLICE FLEET PACK TO THE US NAVY

o 0 000

COMPANY

Alpha Associates Inc Amatex Corporation American Fire Equipment American Godiva Inc American Heat Safety Video

Productions Inc AMKUSInc Ansul SpillX Products

Arcair Company Artificial Intelligence

Applications Ashland Carbon

Fibers Astra Software Corporation Automatic Sprinkler Corp

of America Baker Safety Equipment

Inc Beltran Inc Bio Marine Inc Cairns amp Brothers Inc Carlon - (A division of Lamson amp Sessions Co)

Channing L Bete Co Inc Chemron Inc Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc CSD Sealing Systems DC Filter amp Chemical Inc Downey Inc CCA Duraline Division of JB

Nottingham amp Co Inc EI Du Pont de Nemours amp

Company Eagle Air Systems Eastport International Inc Edwards amp Cromwell Elkhart Brass Flammadur Corporation of

America Hale Fire Pump Co Hardwood Plywood Assn Hevi DutyNelson - A Unit

of General Signal

PYRONOVA HOLMATRO ARCAIR SPACE AGE TECH

PRODUCTS INC

BOOTH

414 TIl 915 312

408 820921

121 T9

124

T12 701

II7

413 110 813 320

216 704 319 214

326

225

221 416 119 115 419

601 605606 602

424

EXHIBIT LOCATOR COMPANY BOOTH

Hoechst Celanese Corp 525 Holmatro Inc 702 HTL Division Pacific

Scientific 324 Ideanetics Simulators Sys 923 Industrial Scientific Corp 317 Ingersoll-Rand Company 418 International Association of Fire Chiefs 803

International Environment Technologies Ltd 912

International Safety Instruments Inc 219

J Rock Associates 116 King Fisher Co 220 KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc) 519

KT Corporation T5 Life Support Products Inc 802 Malyne Enterprises 111 MAN-SAF Technologies

Inc 521 Martin Marietta Aero amp

Naval Systems 113 Masonite Corporation 108 Medical Plastics

Laboratory 102 Micromiddot Turbo North America 919 Military Firefighters Mag Militec Inc Mine Safety Appliances Co Mustang Mfg Inc National Draeger Inc National Fire Hose Corp North American Fire Guardian

Paratech Inc Perma Glo Ind Inc Peter Pirsch Co Phoenix Rescue Tools Pyrocap (Unified Ind) Pyrotenax USA Inc Racal Health amp Safety Inc Ranger Rescue Equipment

215 804 603 806 109 315

104 325 120 118 316 818 114 604 107

INDEX OF ADVERTISERS

3 5 7

9

KT CORPORATION TEMPO GLOVE MFG INC AMERICAN FIRE EQUIP WATERJEL SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC

9 9

17 20 26

Defense Fire Protection Association

COMPANY BOOTH

Ranpak Corporation 100 RAVA Corporation WI Research Alternatives Inc 703 Robotronics Inc 927 Rockwood Systems Corp 321 ROLL-O-MATIC Inc 318 SW Virginia Research

and Development Corporation 103

SKEDCO 217 Sorrento Engineering Inc 417 Southwest Research

Institute 924 Space Age Technology

Products Inc Tl3 Symtron Systems Inc 412 Systron Donner 415 Task Force Tips Inc (KK

Products) 519 Tempest Technology

Corporation 814 Tempo Glove

Manufacturing Inc 409 TEXmiddotTech Industries Inc 926 Trilling Medical

Technologies Inc 421 Underwriters

Laboratories Inc 425 UNM New Mexico

Engineering Institute 218 Vetter SysVepro USA 914 VSIInc 815 WS Darley amp Co 925 Walter Kidde Aerospace

Inc 809 Wing Enterprises Inc 420 Win sol Laboratories

Cost Plus 805 I

Zero Corporation 125224 J

I

FM BRICK INDUSTRIES 26 MODERN DAY MARINE MILITARY EXPOSmON Cmiddot4

Directory 8

KT CORP vs NBC The Complete NBC Defense Specialist

bull MF-11 Military Respirator

bull VAS-2 Improved communications in an NBC or HAZMAT environment

bull M5 or M10 MicroClimate Cooling Units (MCCU) to beat heat stress

bull Permeable protective uniforms overboots and gloves

bull Liquid and gas agent detection

SEE PROGRAM FOR COMPLETE COMPANY PROFILE

KT CORPORATION 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497

(203) 3n-5900 FAX (203) 3n-Sm

Telex 282983 KTCORP UR

bull FIRE RESIS1-NG bull bull SMOKE SUPPRESSING bull bull PAINTS AND COATINGS bull SPACE AGE TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS INC

4536 West Lawrence Ave Chicago Illinois 60630

HARRY I SHAYMAN Phone 312725-0404

TEMPO GLOVE MFG INC 3820 W Wisconsin Avenue

Milwaukee WI 53208 Phone 414-344-1100

Out of State 1-800-558-8520

GSA 5-1-88 to 4-30-90 GS-07F-16055

FIRE GLOVESHOODS ONLY

DICK MANDLMAN Industrlal-Flreflghting-Outdoor

o 0 000

WORKSHOP HIGHLIGHTS In general the workshops conform to the recentlyformed DFPA

committees and the Workshop Chairmen are also the Committee Chairmen

MATERIALS Chairman Dale L Trout -Jefferson Room

Materials are the key to fire protection because it is generally not possible to eliminate ignition sources or oxygen (ampom the fire triangle) Materials include everything from hydraulic fluids to cable insulation paints regular clothing and composites and the retardants that can be added to these materials

DESIGN Chairman David Geer - Kennedy Room

The Design Worlcshop will focus on System Design for Survivability and Performance and include a look at how electrical circuit breakers do or do not provide adequate fire protection Powder Packs that protect fuel cells and hydraulic fluid reservoirs and computer based fire models

EQUIPMENT Chairman C Dean Perry - lincoln Room

We have experienced extraordinary leaps in fire fighting equipment over the past several years One of the most spectacular equipments is the Land Harpoon which will be discussed during this session

HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONSIDERATIONS Chairman Emory Champney -Roosevelt Room

Ibis Worlcshop covers elements involved in developing a hazard assessment an actual assessment of a shipboard scenario and risk analysis which addresses the chance or probability of injury or damage Dr Robert Tapscott will di~ss The HalonOzone Problem Technological Approaches Presentations will also be made by 10 DiPinto of DuPont RB Cbuke of Benjamin CIadre Associates and J Hall of the National Fire Protection Association

EDUCATION amp TRAINING Chairman David Joynt -Jefferson Room

This Worlcshop will include presentations on Leam Not to Burn and the safety features of the 19F Series Shipboard Firefighting Trainers

COATINGS amp INSULATION Chairman George Hidy - Kennedy Room

Coatings and Insulations are an integral part of an effective fire protection program They are used to insulate and keep fuel heat andmiddotoxygen separate Because they can add to the fire load it is important that fire retardant non-smoking non-toxic coatings and insulations be cbosen This worlcshop emphasizes this pressing issue and specifically focuses on new technologies and solutions

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION Chairmen Dr Wesley Clayton amp Mr Gary Hilbert- lincoln Room

This committeeworlcshop will focus on the Health Effects of Fire Bill McCutcheon from Cairns Brothers will provide a detailed presentation on protective clothing and helmets at this session

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION Chairman Bill Cullen -Arlington Room

Mr Tim Foreman from the Office of the Secretary of Defense will provide a detailed explanation of the government acquisition process and estimates of government needs for fire protection equipment

10 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

o 0 000

DEMONSTRATIONS The following are the currently planned demonstrations in tenative order

(Actual order will depend upon weather)

PYROTENAX USA INC BAKER SAFETY EQUIPMENT INC ROCKWOOD SYSTEMS CORP Mr Alvin Steinbach Mr Ralph Baker Mr Juanita Kuattila 5462 Treefrog Place Pyles Lane 640 E Main St Columbia MD 21045 New Castle DE 19720 PO Box 810 301-997-5105 302-652-7080 Lancaster TX 75146 Uses amp benefits of mineral insulated Simulated Safety Drop from Hyatt 214-227-3100

cable for wiring critical circuits Regency (30 Min) Foam Application

WING ENTERPRISES INC KT CORPORATION Mr Steve Gamer Mr WE Gutman SKEDCO 2241 South Larsen Parkway 300 Long Beach Blvd Mr Bud Calkin Provo UT 84601 Stratford CT 06497 16420 W 72nd Avenue PO Box 801-375-9620 203-377-5900 230366 The unique fire fighting capabilities of Voice Amplification amp Personal Alert Portland OR 97224

the Little Giant Ladder System (5 Min) 503-639-2119

NATIONAL DRAEGER INC Patient Packaging MAN-SAF TECHNOLOGIES INC Mr Ray Clarke Mr Chuck Ferguson 10 I Tech Drive 4022 Old Bardstown Road Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 DOWNEY INC Louisville KY 40218 412-787-8383 Ms Dianne Drake 502-499-9999 National Draegers Mobile 45 foot SCBA 12650 C Lake Ridge Drive

Training Center which permits users to Lake Ridge VA 22192 XmiddotSTlNG a new unique safety attachmiddot learn about their SCBA and their abUity to 703-550-8033

ment that fits most oxylfuel cutting-weldshy perform under stressfullbut controlled Fire Retardant Corrugated Boxes ing torches and converts torch immedishy conditions (45 Min) Duocom portable ately into afire extinguisher with the lift of two-man decompression chamber HOLMATRO INC afinger (15 Min) Mr Peter Penoyar

412 Headquarters Drive PARATECH INC PO Box 99

ARC AIR COMPANY Mr Peter Nielsen Millersville MD 21108 Mr James A Horwath 1025 Lambrecht Rd 301-987-6633 PO Box 406 Frankfort IT 60423 Rescue tooL LancasterOH 43130 815-469-3911 614-653-5618 Air bags Air Gun 40 - Paknammer 90 SPACEmiddotAGE TECHNOLOGY Portable exothermic cutting system forcible entry pneumatic tools (30middot45 PRODUCTS INC

SUCE

Min) Mr Harry Shayman 4536 West Lawrence Avenue

EASTPORT INTERNATIONAL INC Chicago IL 60630 AMERICAN HEAT SAFETY VIDEO Mr Michael Higgins 312-725-0404

PRODUCTIONS INC 501 Prince Georges Blvd Mr John Leonard Upper Marlboro MD 20772 A carton is painted with Tough 240 Souriegn Ct Suite C 30 1-249-3300 Coat Paint then fire is applied with St Louis MO 63011 a torch to show the resistive qualities 800-722-2443 Eastports SPAAT Product Using a comshy of the toughcoat paint The paper

pressed Air Driven Tool cut through a carton is constructed in much the Various Videos on Fire Suppression and Mock-up of an aircraft section amp apply a same manner as a furnace using

Emergency Medical Services fire-fighting agent (C02) paper flues

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 11

o 0 0 0 0 DEMONSTRATIONS (Continued)

that combines real-time communications TEMPEST TECHNOLOGY CORshyTASK FORCE TIPS INC (KK with georelational decision support With PORATIONPRODUCTS) nearly 400 systems in use on the US Mr Charles M WilliardMr Douglas C McMillan Canada and the Carribean the EIS Route 7 Box 916 2800 E Evans Ave operates at crisis scenes on portable comshy Boone NC 28607 Valparaiso IN 46383 puters and communicates back to a netshy 704-264-5880219-462-6161 worked operations center by telephone Positive Pressure Ventilation Use theUse of automatic pressure regulating satellite and pocket radio Users include tempest Power Blower and a Non-toxic nozzle with differentfoam types utilizing local and state government military bases electric smoke generator to show the the TFT foam jet air aspirating attachshyand private corporations The action of a advantages of this machines ability toment

clear smoke quicker and safer than EIS Response Team in Jamaica in the days VSIINC negative pressure ventilation following hurricane Gilbert will be highshyMr John Laudennilk

lighted in the presentation W S DARLEY amp CO335 Lake Seminary Circle Mr Paul C Darley - Bob Spertzel EI DU PONT DE NEMOURS ampPOBox 1392 2000 Anson DrCOMPANYMaitland FL 32751 Melrose Park IL 60160 Ms Nancy M Carver407-339-0403

EAD NA-226 312-345-8050 1007 Market Street The Darley Champion HE 18 BSSMOKEMASTER Wilmington DE 19898 capable of producing over 500 GPM Portable smoke generator in producing 302-774-2692 from draft and priced about one-half the a non-toxic white fog type smoke Demonstration will consist of an inshy price of other comparable portable The Smokemasteris a lightweight (24

pumpsstant-starting exothermic cutting torch Lbs) package that requires 115 volt and that will be used on various metals and AMERICAN FIRE EQUIPMENT12-14 amps of current and can start up metallic objects Mr Clifton M Wilderin less than 30 seconds

13720 Dabney Road TEMPO GLOVE MANUFACTURshyRESEARCH ALTERNATIVES INC Woodbridge VA 22191INGINCMr Steve Johnson 703-643-1005Mr Richard Manolman 966 Hungerford Dr On Spot Chains at Booth 3820 W Wisconsin Ave Suite 3

Milwaukee WI 53208 SW VIRGINIA RESEARCH AND Rockville MD 20850 414-344-1100 DEVELOPMENT301-424-2803

Mr Walt Hennan Fire Gloves amp HoodsA large screen demonstration using a POBox 1175MALYNE ENTERPRISES Sony projector to display the computer Abingdon VA 24210Mr Ronald Krempasky capabilities for locating and fighting 703-628-12615731 Palmer Way Suite C-lhazardous materials using the emergenshyA live-fire ofthe LAND-HARPOON toCarlsbad CA 92008 cy information systemschemical version

619-931-1231 show how it works and the ease ofextinshy(EISC) software guishing a fire or controlling a chemical IDEANETICS SIMULATORS SYS Overview There is no more spatially spillMr Edward Wright dependent fonn of management than the

SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC management of crisis Whether the crisis 6413 Glenroy St Mr Frank Cerven is a natural disaster military action or San Diego CA 92120 17-01 Pollitt Drive 619-286-3718technological accident the geography of

A 35 mm slide is projected on a screen the event and the spatial distribution of PO Box 950 (aircraft barracks shopping mall etc) FairLawnNJ 07410vulnerable populations and resource

201-794-0200supply systems is a primary detenninant as the slide is being projeted simulated Hull insulation Fire Trainer from the of decision options fire and smoke are introduced to the fire

21Cl2 Training Systems 0As a result the graphic and geographic scene in theform ofrealistic animation display of decision support infonnation is The trainees respond to what they see criticaJ to the management of crisis and hear just as they would at a actual

This presentation details the real-world fire The training officer can instantly applications of the Emergency Infonnashy change the fire behaviors as he responds tion System Software a crisis-proven tool to the trainees decisions

12 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

CALL FOR PAPERS DEMONSTRATIONS amp EXHIBITS

FIRST ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MILIT ARY FIRE PROTECTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION

VIRGINIA BEACH PAVILION NORFOLK VIRGINIA AREA

October 16-19 1989

AREAS

Aircraft - Surface Ships - Aircraft Carriers - Submarines - Land Combat and Tracked Vehicles - Military Facilities Buildings and Housing - Munitions

TOPICS

subrnitledto

MATERIALS bull Passive Fire Protection Materials bull Fabrics and Clothing (Regular and Protective) bull Structural and Fabricated Materials bull Composites bull Paints and Coatings bull Hydraulic Fluids Oils and Greases bull Outfitting and Furnishing Materials (Including

Furniture Bedding amp Linens) bull Power and Signal Cables bull Thermal and Acoustic Insulations and Wallboard bull Packaging Containers and Wood

DESIGN bull Electrical amp Electronic Systems bull Design Features bull Maintenance Practices

EQUIPMENT bull FireFlameSmoke Detectors and Activation

Systems bull Firefighting Equipment bull Fire Suppressants bull Emergency Medical Supplies

HAZARD ASSESSMENT amp RISK

EDUCATION amp TRAINING

bull Training Plans bull Technical Information and Training Materials bull Simulators and Trainers

COATING AND INSULATION

bull Coatings bull Sealants bull Fire Blocking Materials bull Insulating Materials

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION

bull Respiratory Protection bull Protective Clothing

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION bull Government Procurement Organizations bull Government Procurement Procedures bull Performance Specifications amp Commercial

Item Descriptions bull Non-development Items bull Logistics Support

F EAT U R E THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE DEFENSE

FIRE FIGHTING AT SEA By Senator John McCain

(From an address to the DFPA Membership Hyatt Regency Hotel Crystal City Arlington Va on February 231988)

I t seems a bit strange given all the talk we hear about advanced technology to be standing here today and to have

to talk about fire fighting We spend so much time talking about smart weapons that we often fail to remember they hit things and that some of these things are our ships

I suspect that sailors are particularly prone to ignore the risks involved in being hit We have no place to run to We also tend to ignore risks of fire in spite of centuries oflessons to the contrary It may be that being surrounded by water makes it harder to think about fire but more seriously I suspect that many of us really dont want to think about the consequenshyces of a really major fire aboard ship

Nevertheless naval firefighting is as imshyportant as all the missiles aircraft and black boxes that make up todays Navy We sawall too clearly in World War II how many times firefighting decided whether a carrier or major surface ship would surshyvive an air or torpedo attack

I personally have seen the horror of a major carrier fire that was the result of an accident not an enemy strike and which killed hundreds of my fellow crewman

The Navy took these fires seriously It made many individual improvements imshymediately In 1979 it formed an aircraft carrier flag level firefighting steering committee In 1982 it formed a surshyvivability review group to review design practices and to try to improve surshyvivability Both these groups are still in operation

In 1983-1984 the CNO added a special ship survivability program to Navy design activity which concentrated on passive fire protection These activities led to the alteration of nearly 300 ships

14

Long before the Falklands these measures led to better training better crew protection more firefighting equipment the use of halon firefighting systems and kevlar back-up of metal armor

Nevertheless the Falklands again taught us the importance of firefighting The British lost more warships to fires and bomb disposal problems than to any other cause They found out that sophisticated weapons cannot be blocked with sophistishycated defenses

The British had to learn the hard way the costs of the tendency to slack off on firefighting training and equipment in time of peace Like us they tended to think in terms of our weapons and equipshyment The Royal Navy was never quite able to find enough training time It tended to squeeze its readiness and equipshyment budgets When push came to shove it tended to ignore the problem of fire until one started

Equally important they learned that most sophisticated defenses present very special fire fighting problems

bull They suffered from a tendency to over centralize all control functions in the battle center of a ship

bull They tended to over-automate the basic functions of a ship including fire fighting

bull They tended to fill a ship with wire This broke down the compartmenshytalization of the ship and created a massive and poisonous fire hazard

bull Finally the need to keep adding anshytennas and weapons led them to make ships top heavy and to use less armor This made ships and comshypartments easier to penetrate and made many barriers so thin that heat spread fire from section to section as well as trapped and often killed the crew

Defense Fire Protection Association

Now I suspect that many of you are already beginning to think of the USS STARK Unfortunately many of these lessons from the Falklands did apply to our own experience in the Persian Gulf

This was not because we refused to learn from other navies The Navy paid careful attention to what happened in the Falklands It conducted an in depth study in 1984 to determine how it should change its ship designs and fire fighting methods This panel identified 87 individual lesshysons of which 25 were already covered by existing practices 21 required refineshymentsand41 required changes Some47 design lessons came out of the conflict

A special damage controlfirefighting working group was also set up which I think many of you are already aware of As I understand it this forums annual meetings have already led to hundreds of recommendations and several hundred have already been evaluated or approved

The problem with the STARK was that it takes years to redesign and rebuild ships and once again the problem of limited resources and competing priorities intervened

I am not going to get into to the details of the debate between the Captain of the STARK and the Navy I am in no position to judge the causes that led to an Exocet hitting the ship Nevertheless it is clear that the Navy had not had time to make the improvements it had learned from the Falklands

Further we still had additional lessons to learn on our own In fact if it had not been for an incredible job of firefighting -which was only possible because other ships could come to the support of the STARK without having to worry about further attack-we would have lost the ship to two small missiles designed to temporarily incapacitate combat ships rather than sink them

Directory

o 0 000 This incidentally is a key lesson we all

need to bear in mind in talking about firefighting Accidents and incidents are not war Our ships in the Gulf were not really then in harms way in the Gulf as they would be in war We had other comshybat ships in support that could devote full time to aiding the STARK we had a tug with firefighting capability and we had USAF and Saudi air cover

In combat we could have been dealing with multiple strikes on a US Reet by Soviet missiles with at least five times the explosive of the Exocet In combat the STARK would have sunk its limited firefighting supplies would have quickly been exhausted and many more of its crew would have burned to death

But lets turn back to what happened to the STARK I know you have all read about the attack and many will have studied the Blue Ribbon Report on the incident The key points are that two very small missiles hit an FFG 7 Class Ship and they started a major fire

Both missiles hit the port side of the hull forward They ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a transverse watertight bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing through two berthing areas One did not explode but the propellant burned at about 3000 degrees fahrenheit and started a fire The second missile then hit at roughly the same point It exploded and fueled the fire in the same general area

The two missiles set all combustibles in the berthing compartment on fire The firemain pressure was too low to be usable and there was fire in the compartshyment under the RADAR-IFF-CIC or Ricer Room The fire was fed by the polyvinyl chloride jacketing on electrical cables

To use purely technical tenns all hell broke lose In spite of the fact the crew rushed in a portable pump the fire spread vertically by conduction It burned the ricer space and the combat infonnation center Ifit had not been for a commercial salvage tug the ability to get emergency equipment and breathing apparatus from other ships and the rescue and assistance teams from nearby ships we could have lost the STARK and possibly much of its crew As it stands we lost 37 crewmen although no one was killed or seriously wounded during the firefighting efforts

I think the Navy can be proud of the speed with which it reacted to the STARK incident The Secretary of the Navy apshypointed a Blue Ribbon Panel to study the survivability of current ships and the changes to be made in future designs

The main conclusions of this panel were to support the conclusions the Navy had already drawn from the fighting in the Falklands but had not had time to act upon They were

bull To rush relocation of fire pump location and the isolation and resitshying of the firemains

bull To improve drainage of fire fighting water on the top deck

bull To improve fire insulation on bulkheads and vital decks

bull To improve smoke control and the numbers and capabilities of deshysmoking equipment

bull To reduce the load of combustibles and particularly of electrical cables

bull To rush the deployment of imshyproved portable fire fighting equipshyment including wire free damage control communications equipshyment equipment for cutting through bulkheads and decks breathing equipment firefighter protective clothing and dewatering pumps

Now these are all technical solutions which you are better equipped to judge than I am but the Navy also laid out new plans for ship design and improvement upgrades doctrine and procedures for firefighting survivability funding RampD into countering the anti-ship missile threat materials RampD and a host of other issues

Further it not only developed recomshymendations for backfitting it is considershying rules that would only allow deviations from ship survivability design principles if they were directly approved by the CNO on the advice of COMNAVshySEASYSCOM

Is this enough No I am sure it is not We have to live in a world where killing mechanisms improve as fast as defenses We never are going to be able to solve our problems by standing still or simply by using better active defense and annor As long as our enemies create smarter and better weapons we are going to need smarter and better fire fighters

This however gentlemen is where you come in You may be cheaper than an Aegis cruiser but you are at least as imshyportant If you cant help us learn the next set offirefighting lessons now before we have to learn them the hard way we are going to lose more men and ships This will be especially true if we have to learn our lessons in war

I hope you are going to spare us from having to learn the hard way Let me also say as a fonner naval aviator that I hope youll keep reminding us of how imporshytant firefighting really is and that we need to give it the proper resources Much as I love airplanes I also love having a place to land It can get lonely when that place it burningO

(Continued from page 6)

The Proceedings and Report of DFPAs February 1988 Symposium and the May 1987 Symposium includes over 100 recommenshydations to make our military vehicles more firesafe and survivable includes texts of speakers addresses list of participants the 15 workshop reports and descriptions of exhibits and seminars This will be supplemented with proceedings from the Oct 88 Norfolk Fire Protection Conference

Directories of fire resistant materials fire protection safety and survivability equipment and systems features and technologies and associated sourcesO

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 15

F EAT U R E

SHIPBOARDFURN~HINGS

HIGHER STANDARDS NEEDED NOW By Mr Al Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc

Within little more than a year the Persian Gulf USS Stark incishydent and the USS Boneish fire

in the Atlantic have dramatically emshyphasized the consequences of fire on board ships The loss of the Sheffield in the Falklands preceded those incidents all of which further emphasize the need for only the safest of outfittings and furnishshyings with regard to flame propagation smoke emission and toxicity

Coincidental with the time frame of the aforementioned events the US Navy specification for flame resistant cushionshying (furniture bedding etc) to be used on board naval vessels MIL-R-20092 has undergone revision and the present L vershysion has been changed to a performance specification from its former material (polychloroprene) specification There is no doubt that a lot of diligent hard effort has been put forth by the specifying inshyfluences connected with MIL-R-20092 and shipboard habitability in general A performance standard theoretically brings about greater competition and subsequent economic benefits for the Services and thats good for the taxpayer The specifiers have done their usual good job but they simply havent gone far enough to give our fighting men the ultimate in fire safety when comparing current state of the art in small scale testing versus the present reshyquirements of MIL-R-20092 That parshyticular specification demands a little fine tuning ie a little tightening up with respect to flammability That statement has more impact ifone believes that it may be before live fire testing evolves

In the interim there is a test method readily available which at least one govemmental entity believes will closely and accurately correlate andor predict full scale (live fire test) results That entity is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the test method is ASTM Eshy906-83 entitled Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

To paraphrase the ASTM description of the test method it can be used to detershymine the release rates of heat and visible smoke from materials and products when exposed to different levels of radiant heat testing same under a constant imposed external heat flux that may be varied upshywards to thousands ofdegrees Fahrenheit

The FAA after full scale fire tests conshyducted numerous laboratory tests to corshyrelate possible material qualification test methods with those full scale tests The net result was that ASTM E-906-83 also known as the Ohio State University (OSU) rate ofheat release apparatus was determined to he the most suitable and demonstrated that it would accurately predict what could be expected of interior materials in typical post-crash fires

At this point we must take note of a certain logic connected with the FAA studies that appears to correlate closely with the shipboard environment in event of fire The FAA finds that there is a significant correlation between flamshymability and toxic emissions and that the severe hazard from toxic emissions ocshycurs as a result oflashover infires involvshying interior materials Thus the FAAs improved flammability standards inshydirectly address toxicity by requiring the use ofinterior materials with reduced heat release rates that delay or prevent the onset of flashover (a condition when high levels of toxic emissions occur) Moreover the FAA claims that the corshyrelation of the rate of heat release tests with full scale tests has demonstrated that heat release is an indication of flame spread a point which must be emshyphasized

In summation a strong recommendation must be made for revision of the present MIL-R-20092 specification which will provide for inclusion of ASTM E-906-83 at a radiant heat flux of 35 watts per square centimeter (35wcm2) The recommendation is strengthened by the following observations

Defense Fire Protection Association

bull The OSU heat release rate apparatus appears to closely and accurately predict full scale test results Lengthy FAA testshying appears to demonstrate unquesshytionable correlation

bull The FAA believes the present demonstrated correlation is sufficient to proceed with use of the OSU test apshyparatus and will enhance the level of fire safety

bull The OSU apparatus appears to be reasonably available (as opposed to wideshyly available) in the United States Fifteen independent labs currently use the OSU rate of heat release apparatus for nonshyaircraft applications One quite naturalshyIy is in use at OSU on a consulting basis and as the need arises other labs will undoubtedly acquire the apparatus

bull The apparatus does not appear to be prohibitively costly

bull The use of the OSU apparatus will result in improved flammability standards for at least the time being in aircraft inteshyriors and those standards will provide adshyditional egress time in the event of emershygency

In very simplistic terms we are recomshymending that several years of hard effort and the expenditure of many dollars by the FAA be considered by the services in order to provide the most stringent yet practical specification governing flexible materials used for furniture and bedding

For the moment quite frankly it would appear that the wheel does not have to be re-invented It is already in place and needs only to be utilized in order to make a good specification an even better oneO

SOURCES

1 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Federal Register 14 CPR Parts 25 and 121 Improved Flanunability Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Transport Category Airplane Cabins

2 American Society For Testing and Materials Designation E 906-83 Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

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F EAT U R E

POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION By Charles Willard Tempest Technology Corporation

Positive pressure ventilation involshyves the introduction of air into a burning building to reduce heat and

gases and to increase visibility This process allows the fireman to get to the seat of the frre quicker and use less water to extinguish the fire It also eliminates the chance of flashover and steam bum as well as providing a more tenable working environment for the fireman

Conventional ventilation methods have generally included 2 types natural and negative pressure Natural ventilation takes advantage of the air movement outshyside a structure by using existing openshyings Negative pressure ventilation has been accomplished by placing electric fans in doors or windows to suck or pull the smoke out In negative pressure venshytilation access to the structure is blocked by the fan hanging in the door or window

There is a third type ofventilation called positive pressure This technique has many advantages and additional benefits over the other two types

Positive pressure ventilation involves the placement of high volume blowers to push out the smoke As smoke is pushed out so are heat and gases Visibility is increased and temperature is decreased allowing the fireman and water to get to the seat of the frre quicker For this reason less water is necessary to extinguish the frr and less water damage results

TRAINING REQUIRED Upon the introduction of positive presshy

sure the chance of flashover and steam burn are eliminated This is because the air flow provided by the blower gives smoke heat gases and water vapor a direction to go away from the firefighter

For proper positive pressure ventilation techniques to work training is necessary For example the practice ofbreaking winshydows to introduce fresh air all around a structure (helpful in natural or negative pressure ventilation) is a disadvantage in positive pressure The integrity of the structure should be maintained In most cases only a window or door in the room of fire origin would be opened

The dangerous duty of vertical ventilashytion through the roof is greatly reduced as most fire can be ventilated horizontally

Positive pressure ventilation as a fire attack technique is being used with great success and has many applications which have not yet been realized In general the fire can be extinguished faster cleaner and safer than conventional techniques and greatly reduce property damageO

Defense Fire Protection AssociationDirectory 17

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

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o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

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Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

INTRODUCING FOUR OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE

FIRE EMERGENCY PRODUCTS AVAIl ABLE

1EMERGENCY BURN CARE Water-Jellowers and stabilizes skin temperature easing the pain and calming the patient And because Water-Jel is bacteriostatic covered wounds are protected from further contamination

2EXTINGUISHES FLAME ON VICTIM When victim is covered with Water-Iel flame is put out It also prevents burn progression by immediately cooling down the victim

Introducing Water-Jel shya revolutionary multi-use product for emergency burn care and fire protecshytion Its so fast and easy to use it will totally change the way you approach fire emergencies

No special training is required Just open the patented Water-Jel packet or container and apply the gel-soaked special carrier This Simple one-step product is ideal for all potential fire or burn areas including emergency medical

3PROTECTS RESCUER Water-Jel Blankets shield against intense heat and flames enabling a rescuer to reach and treat the victim

industrial government military and commercial Its packaging

makes it easily accessible and available for use anywhere with or without the presence of water

Water-Jel comes in sizes from an 8 x 6 (244cm x 183cm)Blanket to a 2x 6 (Scm x 1 Scm) Sterile Burn Dressing For more informationon this revolutionary 4-in-1 fire emergency product contact Trilling Medical Technologies Inc now

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o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

Directory 24

o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

~SYMTRON _ SYSTEMS inc

17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

FORMERLY AUSTIN ELECTRONICS

IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

CHANGES WELL CHANGE THISD

254ACounIyUneRcL Hatboro PA 19040

(215) 443-5008

OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

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Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

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Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

ARLINGTON COUNTY VIRGINIA

Arlington County is honored 10 host the Third Annual Defense Fire Protection Symposium and Exposition As Fire Chief of Arlingron County) welcome you to this dynamic community Hopefully all of the dTort and organization that has gone into planning this program will result in a memorable learnjng experience for all involved

i am proud to say that Virginia has some of [he finest in the Nations Fire Service We have severa military installations in Arlingron County and workdosely with lheirfire departments We are always interested in 1eaming more about military fire protection and would like to share what we know with our brothers in the military and federal fire services

I believe that DFPA will be able to assist in the~seeffort Again welcome J I

t~~~ mmiddot s Chief Thomas Hawkins Arlington County Fire Department Past President Virginia Fire Chiefs Association

Flame Retardant-Water Resistant Corrugated Packaging

Untreated COrrugated

Downey Inc has introduced the solution to the US Navy mandate for flame retardant packaging - PyroNova trade corrugated packagshying

Downey Inc has successfully completed a NAVSUPSYSCOM contract to apply flame retardant coating to fiberboard bin boxes in NISTARS Warehouses at Naval Supply Centers in Oakland and San Diego

PyroNovatrade meets the US Government requirements of MILshySPEC PPP-F-320D and MILSPEC PPP-B-636J

PyroNovacontainers are treated with a patented intumescentflame retardant coating which offers the following user benefits

Minimization of product loss from flre When exposed to fire the patented coating intumesces forming a char barrier that retards flame spread Because the intumescent coating dramatically reduces the flammability of corrugated your package does not readily become fuel for a fire In independent laboratory tests of muhiple samples PyroNova packaging received an ASTM E-162 flame spread rating of less than 20

Minimization of product loss from water Water damage is an unwanted by-product of fire fighting Sprinkler spray will eventually

PyroNova

degrade untreated corrugated packaging leading to water-related product damage PyroNova is the only flame retardant packaging which offers this benefit

PyroNova trade Flame Retardant Corrugated Specifications Comshypare a PyroNova flame retardant corrugated container against an untreated corrugated container of identical basis weight (275 Cshyflute domestic grade)

PyroNova Untreated Flame Spread ASTM E162-831 17 156 Specific Optic Density ASTM E6621 54 Unknown Bursting Strength (PSI-Minimum Average Dry)2 305 275 Top to Bottom Compression

Standard 73FI5O RH 10331bs 10291bs Cold-Humid 48FI85 RH 5741bs 5741bs

PyroNova corrugated is gluable and printable using standard adheshysives and ink

I Samples were exposed to 95deg F and 95 relative humidity for seven days and dried to constant weight prior to testing 2 Samples were exposed to 73deg F and 50 relative humidity for 24 hours

AIII~lied warranties 01 products merchanlabil~y fitness for a panicular purpose andor any other maner-wh9lher used singly in oombinalion with other substances or in any process-are hereby disclaimed by seller and excluded Buyer accepts liability lor determining the produot is suitable for buyers intended use

O(J)(Jwneg nc Container Corporation of America Flame Retardant Coatings

12650-C Lake Ridge Drive bull Lake Ridge VA 22192 (703) 491-5270 I Metro (703) 550-8033 I Fax (703) 643-5533

o 0 000

SCHEDULE OF EVENTS

TUESDAY FEBRUARY 14 1989

730 am- 700 pm Registration 1 C Foyer 900am-ll15 am General Session - Potomac 1-4 900am Welcome

Bill Barton American Fire Equipment Chairman of the Executive Board DFP Chief Tom Hawkins Fire Chief Arlington County Ron Fisher Director DFPA Dale Trout - Moderator Introduction of Service Representatives

915 am USS Bonefish (SS581) Fires Capt Mike Schery USN Naval Safety Cente

1000 am shy 1010 am Break 10 10 am - 1030 am Marine Corps Fire Protection Programs

Mr Al Kirchner Administrator Marine Corps Fire Service

1030 am Electrical Fires and Their Prevention Mr Frederick F Franklin PE Professional Analytical and Consulting Engineers

1055 am Integrated Damage Control Mr Carl Pohler Program Manager Damage Control Naval Sea Systems Command

1105 am The Exhibits Workshops and Demonstrations Program Master Chief John Taggart USN CINCLANTFLT Chief Sunny Hufton Naval Base Norfol Fire Department Mr Jim Rock Outland

11 30 am - 230 pm Exhibits Open Lunch in Exhibit Hall 200 pm - 500 pm Demonstrations (Schedule depends on

weather) Outdoors - Lot North of Hyatt Indoors shy Jefferson Room 3rd Floor Lincoln Room 3rd Floor

430pm Exhibits Close 500 pm - 630 pm Exhibits Open

Reception in Exhibit Hall Vip amp Key Persons Tours

700pm Banquet - Potomac 1-4 Keynote Address - Congo Curt Weldon Chmn Fire Services Caucus

WEDNESDAY FEBRUARY 15 1989

730 am - 500 pm Registration - 1 C Foyer 900 am - 1015 am Workshops First Session 3rd Floor

bull Materials - Jefferson Room bull Design - Kennedy Room bull Equipment - Lincoln Room bull HAZARD Assessment amp Risk

Considerations Roosevelt Room 1015 am - 1030 am Break 1030 am - 11 45 am Workshops Second Session - 3rd Floor

bull Education amp Training - Jefferson Room

bull Coatings amp Insulation - Kennedy Room

bull HAZMAT HAZCOM Toxicolshyogy amp Personnel Protection - Linshycoin Room

bull HAZARD Assessment amp Risk Considerations (Continued) -Roosevelt Room

Exhibits Open Lunch in Exhibit Hall 1200 pm - 230 pm 200 pm - 500 pm Demonstrations (Schedule depends on

weather) Outdoors - Lot North of Hyatt Indooors - Regency H 2C Level Prince William 3rd Floor

500pm Exhibits Close

530 pm - 630 pm Exhibitors Reception Cash Bar

THURSDAY FEBRUARY 16 1989

830 am- 100 pm Registration 900 am- 11 00 am WorkshopSeminar - Government

Acquisition Tim Foreman Office ofthe Secretary of Defense- Arlington Room

1100 am - 1245 pm Exhibits Open

LunchWrap Up Report 1 00 pm - 230 pm Guest Speaker - John McNichol Fire

Services Caucus Working with the Congressional Fire Services Caucus

1245 pm Exhibit Halls Close

TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcoming Remarks 2 Higher Standards Needed 16 AboutDFPA 6 Positive Pressure Ventilation 17 Exhibit Locator 8 Fire Retardant Coatings 18 Index oJ Advertisers 8 Floor Plan 21 FEDFIRE 1989 -1990 9 Defense Equipment 23 Workshop Highlights 10 Active Fire Protection 26 Demonstrations 11 Exhibitor Listing 27 Call For Papers 13 Biographies 36 Fire Fighting at Sea 14

Navy Tough Magnum Powerful Holmatroreg Magnum Force tradePHARS

(Portable Hydraulic Access and Rescue System)

Low Weight The lightest tools in the world

Strongest Forces 33000 Ibs of spreading force 63400 Ibs of cutting force

State-of-the-art technology compact power superior quality and maneuverability

= HOLMATROreg MAGNUM FORCE SERIEStrade

Holmatro Inc PO Box 99 Millersville MD 21108

o 0 000

ABOUTDFPA

DFP A is a not forprofit educational scientific tax exempt association with members from over 96 government and military organizations and 133 companies DFPA

membership comes from a cross section of all the disciplines of the fire service and the scientific and academic communities DFPA serves as a forum for government and industry interacshytions DFPA also coordinates and disseminates pertinent inforshymation about military fire fighting fire safe materials military fire protection practices organizations and individuals DFP As interest include all aspects of fire protection safety surshyvivability hazard reduction environmental issues government acquisition practices and public-private and domestic-foreign fire protection DFPAs overall purpose is to assist the Departshyment of Defense in eliminating injuries illnesses deaths and property damage due to fires

DFPA has its origins in the Navy Passive Fire Protection (PFP) program and two PFP symposia in 1984 and 1985 These meetings yielded large enthusiastic turnouts opened exchanges of information and sparked many initiatives DFPA expanded the scope of these symposia to include active fire protection detection suppression etc and increased representation from the Army and Air Force DFPA held its first Symposium in Annapolis Maryland in May 1987 The tragic fire aboard the USS Stark three days after the first symposium strengthened DFPAs resolve to become an effective dynamic organization that truly serves the armed forces

DFPA held a series of training courses in September 1987 and provided briefings to various groups including the Submarine Fire Protection Committee in November 1987 These events laid the groundwork for the Second Annual DFPA Symposium and Materials amp Technology Exposition in February 1988 Over 450 individuals attended representing 68 government agencies and 152 companies The symposium focused on establishing closer working relationships between government and industry and included 16 seminars 15 workshops 75 exhibitors and presenshytation of fire protection technologies materials and equipments The speakers included Senator John McCain (R-AZ) who is a strong proponent of fire safety and was on the flight deck of the USS Forestall as a Navy pilot during the fire that took 137 lives Congressman Charles Bennett (D-FL) Chairman of the Seapower Subcommittee ofthe Armed Services Committee and Congresswoman Beverly Byron (D-MD) a member of the Fire Service Caucus now the third largest caucus on capitol hill and other government leaders

DFPAs recently completed Fire Protection Conference in Norshyfolk Virginia used dynamic demonstrations and live fire burns to show innovative advances in fire protection technology to a varied cross-section of military end-users Demonstrations included new Passive Fire Protection materials fabrics sealants packaging coatings furnishings new fire suppresshysants pumps fire fighting rescue and safety equipments

respiratory protection equipment and protective clothing In his official report ofthis conference Mr Joseph K Taussig Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of the Navy for Safety and Survivability stated The DFPA meeting at the Chamberlin Hotel in Hampton Virginia was of significiant importance

Congressional and governmental leaders have recently enshycouraged DFPA to expand its scope to assist in solving private sector fire problems In particular Congressman Curt Weldon (R-PA) founder and chairman of the Fire Services Caucus has asked that DFPA assist in funneling military fire protection technologies materials and equipment between the private and public sectors DFPA plans to do this in close coordination with the members of the Fire Service Council and other associations as a means of sharing new technology and fire protection inforshymation between the private and public sectors Furthermore DFPA has come to realize that the United States is the world leader in military fire protection and despite shortcomings has the potential to become the world leader in fire protection technologies and equipment

DFPA PROVIDES THE FOLLOWING SPECIFIC SERVICES

Symposia Expositions and Conferences emphasizing demonstrations live fire burns exhibits and workshops for presentations of new technologies materials and equipment to increase awareness educate facilitate dialogues between the user and the manufacturersupplier and provide a forum atmosshyphere where Government agencies all the military services and industry listen to each other and work together

Databases directories and pUblications bull The DFPA Glossary of Fire Protection Acquisition

Logistics and Related Terms provides an up to date dicshytionary of government acquisition contractual logistics and fire protection safety and survivability terms It is sorted by acronym to long name and long name to acronym and definition It is a necessary tool for any individual that deals or would like to deal with the government

bull Guide to the Federal Acquisition Process Helps guide DFP A member companies through the governments comshyplex acquisition process and the equally complex orshyganizational structure

FEDFIREPER Directory of government and military pershysonnel and organizations involved with fire protection safety survivability and acquisition

bull Newsletters and bulletins and opportunities for professhysional growth and development FEDFIRE - 1989 DFPA Planning Guide and Calendar provides planning guidelines that outline how the work required to make our vehicles and facilities more fire safe could be planned general acquisition plans calendars and directories of DFP A members member companies and member comshypany Products amp Services

(Continued on page 15)

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 6

SLICEreg Pack- New cutting technology for fast entry and rescue

Youve got only seconds But now seconds are all you need to cut through just about anything Quickly and safely With the new SLICE Pack cutting system

bull Rapid Entry Carry SLICE Pack and youll cut or burn through virtually any barrier that stands in your way Steel doors and barred windows Locks and deadshybolts Even pierce cement block Cut through it all with the easy-to-use SLICE exothermic torch and rods

bull Rapid Rescue A building collapses A victim is trapshyped But even concrete and strucshytural steel are no match for you when you carry SLICE Pack It cuts through metallic non-metallic and composite materials So SLICE Pack gives you an all-purpose tool for fast victim extrication

bull Everything You Need

Specifications and equipment are subject to change

SLICE Pack lets you set up and start cutting last with a rugged carrying case containing everything you need You get the SLICE torch acshycessorres rechargeable power supshyply room for a 40 cubic foot oxygen bottle and a full complement of safety gear

bull Free Booklet Learn more about the versatile and rapid SLICE Pack cutting system Circle the number below or contact us directly at the Arcair Company Lancaster Ohio 43130 (phone 614shy653-5618) Concord Ontario Canada 9440 Erembodegem Belshygium Mexico 13 D F Mexico GPO 6700 Hong Kong

A subsdary of tft7j 8TOODY DELOAO BTELLITE INC

THE ARCAIR COMPANY HAS BEEN AWARDED THE CONTRACT TO SUPPL Y THE SLICE FLEET PACK TO THE US NAVY

o 0 000

COMPANY

Alpha Associates Inc Amatex Corporation American Fire Equipment American Godiva Inc American Heat Safety Video

Productions Inc AMKUSInc Ansul SpillX Products

Arcair Company Artificial Intelligence

Applications Ashland Carbon

Fibers Astra Software Corporation Automatic Sprinkler Corp

of America Baker Safety Equipment

Inc Beltran Inc Bio Marine Inc Cairns amp Brothers Inc Carlon - (A division of Lamson amp Sessions Co)

Channing L Bete Co Inc Chemron Inc Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc CSD Sealing Systems DC Filter amp Chemical Inc Downey Inc CCA Duraline Division of JB

Nottingham amp Co Inc EI Du Pont de Nemours amp

Company Eagle Air Systems Eastport International Inc Edwards amp Cromwell Elkhart Brass Flammadur Corporation of

America Hale Fire Pump Co Hardwood Plywood Assn Hevi DutyNelson - A Unit

of General Signal

PYRONOVA HOLMATRO ARCAIR SPACE AGE TECH

PRODUCTS INC

BOOTH

414 TIl 915 312

408 820921

121 T9

124

T12 701

II7

413 110 813 320

216 704 319 214

326

225

221 416 119 115 419

601 605606 602

424

EXHIBIT LOCATOR COMPANY BOOTH

Hoechst Celanese Corp 525 Holmatro Inc 702 HTL Division Pacific

Scientific 324 Ideanetics Simulators Sys 923 Industrial Scientific Corp 317 Ingersoll-Rand Company 418 International Association of Fire Chiefs 803

International Environment Technologies Ltd 912

International Safety Instruments Inc 219

J Rock Associates 116 King Fisher Co 220 KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc) 519

KT Corporation T5 Life Support Products Inc 802 Malyne Enterprises 111 MAN-SAF Technologies

Inc 521 Martin Marietta Aero amp

Naval Systems 113 Masonite Corporation 108 Medical Plastics

Laboratory 102 Micromiddot Turbo North America 919 Military Firefighters Mag Militec Inc Mine Safety Appliances Co Mustang Mfg Inc National Draeger Inc National Fire Hose Corp North American Fire Guardian

Paratech Inc Perma Glo Ind Inc Peter Pirsch Co Phoenix Rescue Tools Pyrocap (Unified Ind) Pyrotenax USA Inc Racal Health amp Safety Inc Ranger Rescue Equipment

215 804 603 806 109 315

104 325 120 118 316 818 114 604 107

INDEX OF ADVERTISERS

3 5 7

9

KT CORPORATION TEMPO GLOVE MFG INC AMERICAN FIRE EQUIP WATERJEL SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC

9 9

17 20 26

Defense Fire Protection Association

COMPANY BOOTH

Ranpak Corporation 100 RAVA Corporation WI Research Alternatives Inc 703 Robotronics Inc 927 Rockwood Systems Corp 321 ROLL-O-MATIC Inc 318 SW Virginia Research

and Development Corporation 103

SKEDCO 217 Sorrento Engineering Inc 417 Southwest Research

Institute 924 Space Age Technology

Products Inc Tl3 Symtron Systems Inc 412 Systron Donner 415 Task Force Tips Inc (KK

Products) 519 Tempest Technology

Corporation 814 Tempo Glove

Manufacturing Inc 409 TEXmiddotTech Industries Inc 926 Trilling Medical

Technologies Inc 421 Underwriters

Laboratories Inc 425 UNM New Mexico

Engineering Institute 218 Vetter SysVepro USA 914 VSIInc 815 WS Darley amp Co 925 Walter Kidde Aerospace

Inc 809 Wing Enterprises Inc 420 Win sol Laboratories

Cost Plus 805 I

Zero Corporation 125224 J

I

FM BRICK INDUSTRIES 26 MODERN DAY MARINE MILITARY EXPOSmON Cmiddot4

Directory 8

KT CORP vs NBC The Complete NBC Defense Specialist

bull MF-11 Military Respirator

bull VAS-2 Improved communications in an NBC or HAZMAT environment

bull M5 or M10 MicroClimate Cooling Units (MCCU) to beat heat stress

bull Permeable protective uniforms overboots and gloves

bull Liquid and gas agent detection

SEE PROGRAM FOR COMPLETE COMPANY PROFILE

KT CORPORATION 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497

(203) 3n-5900 FAX (203) 3n-Sm

Telex 282983 KTCORP UR

bull FIRE RESIS1-NG bull bull SMOKE SUPPRESSING bull bull PAINTS AND COATINGS bull SPACE AGE TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS INC

4536 West Lawrence Ave Chicago Illinois 60630

HARRY I SHAYMAN Phone 312725-0404

TEMPO GLOVE MFG INC 3820 W Wisconsin Avenue

Milwaukee WI 53208 Phone 414-344-1100

Out of State 1-800-558-8520

GSA 5-1-88 to 4-30-90 GS-07F-16055

FIRE GLOVESHOODS ONLY

DICK MANDLMAN Industrlal-Flreflghting-Outdoor

o 0 000

WORKSHOP HIGHLIGHTS In general the workshops conform to the recentlyformed DFPA

committees and the Workshop Chairmen are also the Committee Chairmen

MATERIALS Chairman Dale L Trout -Jefferson Room

Materials are the key to fire protection because it is generally not possible to eliminate ignition sources or oxygen (ampom the fire triangle) Materials include everything from hydraulic fluids to cable insulation paints regular clothing and composites and the retardants that can be added to these materials

DESIGN Chairman David Geer - Kennedy Room

The Design Worlcshop will focus on System Design for Survivability and Performance and include a look at how electrical circuit breakers do or do not provide adequate fire protection Powder Packs that protect fuel cells and hydraulic fluid reservoirs and computer based fire models

EQUIPMENT Chairman C Dean Perry - lincoln Room

We have experienced extraordinary leaps in fire fighting equipment over the past several years One of the most spectacular equipments is the Land Harpoon which will be discussed during this session

HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONSIDERATIONS Chairman Emory Champney -Roosevelt Room

Ibis Worlcshop covers elements involved in developing a hazard assessment an actual assessment of a shipboard scenario and risk analysis which addresses the chance or probability of injury or damage Dr Robert Tapscott will di~ss The HalonOzone Problem Technological Approaches Presentations will also be made by 10 DiPinto of DuPont RB Cbuke of Benjamin CIadre Associates and J Hall of the National Fire Protection Association

EDUCATION amp TRAINING Chairman David Joynt -Jefferson Room

This Worlcshop will include presentations on Leam Not to Burn and the safety features of the 19F Series Shipboard Firefighting Trainers

COATINGS amp INSULATION Chairman George Hidy - Kennedy Room

Coatings and Insulations are an integral part of an effective fire protection program They are used to insulate and keep fuel heat andmiddotoxygen separate Because they can add to the fire load it is important that fire retardant non-smoking non-toxic coatings and insulations be cbosen This worlcshop emphasizes this pressing issue and specifically focuses on new technologies and solutions

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION Chairmen Dr Wesley Clayton amp Mr Gary Hilbert- lincoln Room

This committeeworlcshop will focus on the Health Effects of Fire Bill McCutcheon from Cairns Brothers will provide a detailed presentation on protective clothing and helmets at this session

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION Chairman Bill Cullen -Arlington Room

Mr Tim Foreman from the Office of the Secretary of Defense will provide a detailed explanation of the government acquisition process and estimates of government needs for fire protection equipment

10 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

o 0 000

DEMONSTRATIONS The following are the currently planned demonstrations in tenative order

(Actual order will depend upon weather)

PYROTENAX USA INC BAKER SAFETY EQUIPMENT INC ROCKWOOD SYSTEMS CORP Mr Alvin Steinbach Mr Ralph Baker Mr Juanita Kuattila 5462 Treefrog Place Pyles Lane 640 E Main St Columbia MD 21045 New Castle DE 19720 PO Box 810 301-997-5105 302-652-7080 Lancaster TX 75146 Uses amp benefits of mineral insulated Simulated Safety Drop from Hyatt 214-227-3100

cable for wiring critical circuits Regency (30 Min) Foam Application

WING ENTERPRISES INC KT CORPORATION Mr Steve Gamer Mr WE Gutman SKEDCO 2241 South Larsen Parkway 300 Long Beach Blvd Mr Bud Calkin Provo UT 84601 Stratford CT 06497 16420 W 72nd Avenue PO Box 801-375-9620 203-377-5900 230366 The unique fire fighting capabilities of Voice Amplification amp Personal Alert Portland OR 97224

the Little Giant Ladder System (5 Min) 503-639-2119

NATIONAL DRAEGER INC Patient Packaging MAN-SAF TECHNOLOGIES INC Mr Ray Clarke Mr Chuck Ferguson 10 I Tech Drive 4022 Old Bardstown Road Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 DOWNEY INC Louisville KY 40218 412-787-8383 Ms Dianne Drake 502-499-9999 National Draegers Mobile 45 foot SCBA 12650 C Lake Ridge Drive

Training Center which permits users to Lake Ridge VA 22192 XmiddotSTlNG a new unique safety attachmiddot learn about their SCBA and their abUity to 703-550-8033

ment that fits most oxylfuel cutting-weldshy perform under stressfullbut controlled Fire Retardant Corrugated Boxes ing torches and converts torch immedishy conditions (45 Min) Duocom portable ately into afire extinguisher with the lift of two-man decompression chamber HOLMATRO INC afinger (15 Min) Mr Peter Penoyar

412 Headquarters Drive PARATECH INC PO Box 99

ARC AIR COMPANY Mr Peter Nielsen Millersville MD 21108 Mr James A Horwath 1025 Lambrecht Rd 301-987-6633 PO Box 406 Frankfort IT 60423 Rescue tooL LancasterOH 43130 815-469-3911 614-653-5618 Air bags Air Gun 40 - Paknammer 90 SPACEmiddotAGE TECHNOLOGY Portable exothermic cutting system forcible entry pneumatic tools (30middot45 PRODUCTS INC

SUCE

Min) Mr Harry Shayman 4536 West Lawrence Avenue

EASTPORT INTERNATIONAL INC Chicago IL 60630 AMERICAN HEAT SAFETY VIDEO Mr Michael Higgins 312-725-0404

PRODUCTIONS INC 501 Prince Georges Blvd Mr John Leonard Upper Marlboro MD 20772 A carton is painted with Tough 240 Souriegn Ct Suite C 30 1-249-3300 Coat Paint then fire is applied with St Louis MO 63011 a torch to show the resistive qualities 800-722-2443 Eastports SPAAT Product Using a comshy of the toughcoat paint The paper

pressed Air Driven Tool cut through a carton is constructed in much the Various Videos on Fire Suppression and Mock-up of an aircraft section amp apply a same manner as a furnace using

Emergency Medical Services fire-fighting agent (C02) paper flues

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 11

o 0 0 0 0 DEMONSTRATIONS (Continued)

that combines real-time communications TEMPEST TECHNOLOGY CORshyTASK FORCE TIPS INC (KK with georelational decision support With PORATIONPRODUCTS) nearly 400 systems in use on the US Mr Charles M WilliardMr Douglas C McMillan Canada and the Carribean the EIS Route 7 Box 916 2800 E Evans Ave operates at crisis scenes on portable comshy Boone NC 28607 Valparaiso IN 46383 puters and communicates back to a netshy 704-264-5880219-462-6161 worked operations center by telephone Positive Pressure Ventilation Use theUse of automatic pressure regulating satellite and pocket radio Users include tempest Power Blower and a Non-toxic nozzle with differentfoam types utilizing local and state government military bases electric smoke generator to show the the TFT foam jet air aspirating attachshyand private corporations The action of a advantages of this machines ability toment

clear smoke quicker and safer than EIS Response Team in Jamaica in the days VSIINC negative pressure ventilation following hurricane Gilbert will be highshyMr John Laudennilk

lighted in the presentation W S DARLEY amp CO335 Lake Seminary Circle Mr Paul C Darley - Bob Spertzel EI DU PONT DE NEMOURS ampPOBox 1392 2000 Anson DrCOMPANYMaitland FL 32751 Melrose Park IL 60160 Ms Nancy M Carver407-339-0403

EAD NA-226 312-345-8050 1007 Market Street The Darley Champion HE 18 BSSMOKEMASTER Wilmington DE 19898 capable of producing over 500 GPM Portable smoke generator in producing 302-774-2692 from draft and priced about one-half the a non-toxic white fog type smoke Demonstration will consist of an inshy price of other comparable portable The Smokemasteris a lightweight (24

pumpsstant-starting exothermic cutting torch Lbs) package that requires 115 volt and that will be used on various metals and AMERICAN FIRE EQUIPMENT12-14 amps of current and can start up metallic objects Mr Clifton M Wilderin less than 30 seconds

13720 Dabney Road TEMPO GLOVE MANUFACTURshyRESEARCH ALTERNATIVES INC Woodbridge VA 22191INGINCMr Steve Johnson 703-643-1005Mr Richard Manolman 966 Hungerford Dr On Spot Chains at Booth 3820 W Wisconsin Ave Suite 3

Milwaukee WI 53208 SW VIRGINIA RESEARCH AND Rockville MD 20850 414-344-1100 DEVELOPMENT301-424-2803

Mr Walt Hennan Fire Gloves amp HoodsA large screen demonstration using a POBox 1175MALYNE ENTERPRISES Sony projector to display the computer Abingdon VA 24210Mr Ronald Krempasky capabilities for locating and fighting 703-628-12615731 Palmer Way Suite C-lhazardous materials using the emergenshyA live-fire ofthe LAND-HARPOON toCarlsbad CA 92008 cy information systemschemical version

619-931-1231 show how it works and the ease ofextinshy(EISC) software guishing a fire or controlling a chemical IDEANETICS SIMULATORS SYS Overview There is no more spatially spillMr Edward Wright dependent fonn of management than the

SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC management of crisis Whether the crisis 6413 Glenroy St Mr Frank Cerven is a natural disaster military action or San Diego CA 92120 17-01 Pollitt Drive 619-286-3718technological accident the geography of

A 35 mm slide is projected on a screen the event and the spatial distribution of PO Box 950 (aircraft barracks shopping mall etc) FairLawnNJ 07410vulnerable populations and resource

201-794-0200supply systems is a primary detenninant as the slide is being projeted simulated Hull insulation Fire Trainer from the of decision options fire and smoke are introduced to the fire

21Cl2 Training Systems 0As a result the graphic and geographic scene in theform ofrealistic animation display of decision support infonnation is The trainees respond to what they see criticaJ to the management of crisis and hear just as they would at a actual

This presentation details the real-world fire The training officer can instantly applications of the Emergency Infonnashy change the fire behaviors as he responds tion System Software a crisis-proven tool to the trainees decisions

12 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

CALL FOR PAPERS DEMONSTRATIONS amp EXHIBITS

FIRST ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MILIT ARY FIRE PROTECTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION

VIRGINIA BEACH PAVILION NORFOLK VIRGINIA AREA

October 16-19 1989

AREAS

Aircraft - Surface Ships - Aircraft Carriers - Submarines - Land Combat and Tracked Vehicles - Military Facilities Buildings and Housing - Munitions

TOPICS

subrnitledto

MATERIALS bull Passive Fire Protection Materials bull Fabrics and Clothing (Regular and Protective) bull Structural and Fabricated Materials bull Composites bull Paints and Coatings bull Hydraulic Fluids Oils and Greases bull Outfitting and Furnishing Materials (Including

Furniture Bedding amp Linens) bull Power and Signal Cables bull Thermal and Acoustic Insulations and Wallboard bull Packaging Containers and Wood

DESIGN bull Electrical amp Electronic Systems bull Design Features bull Maintenance Practices

EQUIPMENT bull FireFlameSmoke Detectors and Activation

Systems bull Firefighting Equipment bull Fire Suppressants bull Emergency Medical Supplies

HAZARD ASSESSMENT amp RISK

EDUCATION amp TRAINING

bull Training Plans bull Technical Information and Training Materials bull Simulators and Trainers

COATING AND INSULATION

bull Coatings bull Sealants bull Fire Blocking Materials bull Insulating Materials

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION

bull Respiratory Protection bull Protective Clothing

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION bull Government Procurement Organizations bull Government Procurement Procedures bull Performance Specifications amp Commercial

Item Descriptions bull Non-development Items bull Logistics Support

F EAT U R E THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE DEFENSE

FIRE FIGHTING AT SEA By Senator John McCain

(From an address to the DFPA Membership Hyatt Regency Hotel Crystal City Arlington Va on February 231988)

I t seems a bit strange given all the talk we hear about advanced technology to be standing here today and to have

to talk about fire fighting We spend so much time talking about smart weapons that we often fail to remember they hit things and that some of these things are our ships

I suspect that sailors are particularly prone to ignore the risks involved in being hit We have no place to run to We also tend to ignore risks of fire in spite of centuries oflessons to the contrary It may be that being surrounded by water makes it harder to think about fire but more seriously I suspect that many of us really dont want to think about the consequenshyces of a really major fire aboard ship

Nevertheless naval firefighting is as imshyportant as all the missiles aircraft and black boxes that make up todays Navy We sawall too clearly in World War II how many times firefighting decided whether a carrier or major surface ship would surshyvive an air or torpedo attack

I personally have seen the horror of a major carrier fire that was the result of an accident not an enemy strike and which killed hundreds of my fellow crewman

The Navy took these fires seriously It made many individual improvements imshymediately In 1979 it formed an aircraft carrier flag level firefighting steering committee In 1982 it formed a surshyvivability review group to review design practices and to try to improve surshyvivability Both these groups are still in operation

In 1983-1984 the CNO added a special ship survivability program to Navy design activity which concentrated on passive fire protection These activities led to the alteration of nearly 300 ships

14

Long before the Falklands these measures led to better training better crew protection more firefighting equipment the use of halon firefighting systems and kevlar back-up of metal armor

Nevertheless the Falklands again taught us the importance of firefighting The British lost more warships to fires and bomb disposal problems than to any other cause They found out that sophisticated weapons cannot be blocked with sophistishycated defenses

The British had to learn the hard way the costs of the tendency to slack off on firefighting training and equipment in time of peace Like us they tended to think in terms of our weapons and equipshyment The Royal Navy was never quite able to find enough training time It tended to squeeze its readiness and equipshyment budgets When push came to shove it tended to ignore the problem of fire until one started

Equally important they learned that most sophisticated defenses present very special fire fighting problems

bull They suffered from a tendency to over centralize all control functions in the battle center of a ship

bull They tended to over-automate the basic functions of a ship including fire fighting

bull They tended to fill a ship with wire This broke down the compartmenshytalization of the ship and created a massive and poisonous fire hazard

bull Finally the need to keep adding anshytennas and weapons led them to make ships top heavy and to use less armor This made ships and comshypartments easier to penetrate and made many barriers so thin that heat spread fire from section to section as well as trapped and often killed the crew

Defense Fire Protection Association

Now I suspect that many of you are already beginning to think of the USS STARK Unfortunately many of these lessons from the Falklands did apply to our own experience in the Persian Gulf

This was not because we refused to learn from other navies The Navy paid careful attention to what happened in the Falklands It conducted an in depth study in 1984 to determine how it should change its ship designs and fire fighting methods This panel identified 87 individual lesshysons of which 25 were already covered by existing practices 21 required refineshymentsand41 required changes Some47 design lessons came out of the conflict

A special damage controlfirefighting working group was also set up which I think many of you are already aware of As I understand it this forums annual meetings have already led to hundreds of recommendations and several hundred have already been evaluated or approved

The problem with the STARK was that it takes years to redesign and rebuild ships and once again the problem of limited resources and competing priorities intervened

I am not going to get into to the details of the debate between the Captain of the STARK and the Navy I am in no position to judge the causes that led to an Exocet hitting the ship Nevertheless it is clear that the Navy had not had time to make the improvements it had learned from the Falklands

Further we still had additional lessons to learn on our own In fact if it had not been for an incredible job of firefighting -which was only possible because other ships could come to the support of the STARK without having to worry about further attack-we would have lost the ship to two small missiles designed to temporarily incapacitate combat ships rather than sink them

Directory

o 0 000 This incidentally is a key lesson we all

need to bear in mind in talking about firefighting Accidents and incidents are not war Our ships in the Gulf were not really then in harms way in the Gulf as they would be in war We had other comshybat ships in support that could devote full time to aiding the STARK we had a tug with firefighting capability and we had USAF and Saudi air cover

In combat we could have been dealing with multiple strikes on a US Reet by Soviet missiles with at least five times the explosive of the Exocet In combat the STARK would have sunk its limited firefighting supplies would have quickly been exhausted and many more of its crew would have burned to death

But lets turn back to what happened to the STARK I know you have all read about the attack and many will have studied the Blue Ribbon Report on the incident The key points are that two very small missiles hit an FFG 7 Class Ship and they started a major fire

Both missiles hit the port side of the hull forward They ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a transverse watertight bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing through two berthing areas One did not explode but the propellant burned at about 3000 degrees fahrenheit and started a fire The second missile then hit at roughly the same point It exploded and fueled the fire in the same general area

The two missiles set all combustibles in the berthing compartment on fire The firemain pressure was too low to be usable and there was fire in the compartshyment under the RADAR-IFF-CIC or Ricer Room The fire was fed by the polyvinyl chloride jacketing on electrical cables

To use purely technical tenns all hell broke lose In spite of the fact the crew rushed in a portable pump the fire spread vertically by conduction It burned the ricer space and the combat infonnation center Ifit had not been for a commercial salvage tug the ability to get emergency equipment and breathing apparatus from other ships and the rescue and assistance teams from nearby ships we could have lost the STARK and possibly much of its crew As it stands we lost 37 crewmen although no one was killed or seriously wounded during the firefighting efforts

I think the Navy can be proud of the speed with which it reacted to the STARK incident The Secretary of the Navy apshypointed a Blue Ribbon Panel to study the survivability of current ships and the changes to be made in future designs

The main conclusions of this panel were to support the conclusions the Navy had already drawn from the fighting in the Falklands but had not had time to act upon They were

bull To rush relocation of fire pump location and the isolation and resitshying of the firemains

bull To improve drainage of fire fighting water on the top deck

bull To improve fire insulation on bulkheads and vital decks

bull To improve smoke control and the numbers and capabilities of deshysmoking equipment

bull To reduce the load of combustibles and particularly of electrical cables

bull To rush the deployment of imshyproved portable fire fighting equipshyment including wire free damage control communications equipshyment equipment for cutting through bulkheads and decks breathing equipment firefighter protective clothing and dewatering pumps

Now these are all technical solutions which you are better equipped to judge than I am but the Navy also laid out new plans for ship design and improvement upgrades doctrine and procedures for firefighting survivability funding RampD into countering the anti-ship missile threat materials RampD and a host of other issues

Further it not only developed recomshymendations for backfitting it is considershying rules that would only allow deviations from ship survivability design principles if they were directly approved by the CNO on the advice of COMNAVshySEASYSCOM

Is this enough No I am sure it is not We have to live in a world where killing mechanisms improve as fast as defenses We never are going to be able to solve our problems by standing still or simply by using better active defense and annor As long as our enemies create smarter and better weapons we are going to need smarter and better fire fighters

This however gentlemen is where you come in You may be cheaper than an Aegis cruiser but you are at least as imshyportant If you cant help us learn the next set offirefighting lessons now before we have to learn them the hard way we are going to lose more men and ships This will be especially true if we have to learn our lessons in war

I hope you are going to spare us from having to learn the hard way Let me also say as a fonner naval aviator that I hope youll keep reminding us of how imporshytant firefighting really is and that we need to give it the proper resources Much as I love airplanes I also love having a place to land It can get lonely when that place it burningO

(Continued from page 6)

The Proceedings and Report of DFPAs February 1988 Symposium and the May 1987 Symposium includes over 100 recommenshydations to make our military vehicles more firesafe and survivable includes texts of speakers addresses list of participants the 15 workshop reports and descriptions of exhibits and seminars This will be supplemented with proceedings from the Oct 88 Norfolk Fire Protection Conference

Directories of fire resistant materials fire protection safety and survivability equipment and systems features and technologies and associated sourcesO

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 15

F EAT U R E

SHIPBOARDFURN~HINGS

HIGHER STANDARDS NEEDED NOW By Mr Al Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc

Within little more than a year the Persian Gulf USS Stark incishydent and the USS Boneish fire

in the Atlantic have dramatically emshyphasized the consequences of fire on board ships The loss of the Sheffield in the Falklands preceded those incidents all of which further emphasize the need for only the safest of outfittings and furnishshyings with regard to flame propagation smoke emission and toxicity

Coincidental with the time frame of the aforementioned events the US Navy specification for flame resistant cushionshying (furniture bedding etc) to be used on board naval vessels MIL-R-20092 has undergone revision and the present L vershysion has been changed to a performance specification from its former material (polychloroprene) specification There is no doubt that a lot of diligent hard effort has been put forth by the specifying inshyfluences connected with MIL-R-20092 and shipboard habitability in general A performance standard theoretically brings about greater competition and subsequent economic benefits for the Services and thats good for the taxpayer The specifiers have done their usual good job but they simply havent gone far enough to give our fighting men the ultimate in fire safety when comparing current state of the art in small scale testing versus the present reshyquirements of MIL-R-20092 That parshyticular specification demands a little fine tuning ie a little tightening up with respect to flammability That statement has more impact ifone believes that it may be before live fire testing evolves

In the interim there is a test method readily available which at least one govemmental entity believes will closely and accurately correlate andor predict full scale (live fire test) results That entity is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the test method is ASTM Eshy906-83 entitled Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

To paraphrase the ASTM description of the test method it can be used to detershymine the release rates of heat and visible smoke from materials and products when exposed to different levels of radiant heat testing same under a constant imposed external heat flux that may be varied upshywards to thousands ofdegrees Fahrenheit

The FAA after full scale fire tests conshyducted numerous laboratory tests to corshyrelate possible material qualification test methods with those full scale tests The net result was that ASTM E-906-83 also known as the Ohio State University (OSU) rate ofheat release apparatus was determined to he the most suitable and demonstrated that it would accurately predict what could be expected of interior materials in typical post-crash fires

At this point we must take note of a certain logic connected with the FAA studies that appears to correlate closely with the shipboard environment in event of fire The FAA finds that there is a significant correlation between flamshymability and toxic emissions and that the severe hazard from toxic emissions ocshycurs as a result oflashover infires involvshying interior materials Thus the FAAs improved flammability standards inshydirectly address toxicity by requiring the use ofinterior materials with reduced heat release rates that delay or prevent the onset of flashover (a condition when high levels of toxic emissions occur) Moreover the FAA claims that the corshyrelation of the rate of heat release tests with full scale tests has demonstrated that heat release is an indication of flame spread a point which must be emshyphasized

In summation a strong recommendation must be made for revision of the present MIL-R-20092 specification which will provide for inclusion of ASTM E-906-83 at a radiant heat flux of 35 watts per square centimeter (35wcm2) The recommendation is strengthened by the following observations

Defense Fire Protection Association

bull The OSU heat release rate apparatus appears to closely and accurately predict full scale test results Lengthy FAA testshying appears to demonstrate unquesshytionable correlation

bull The FAA believes the present demonstrated correlation is sufficient to proceed with use of the OSU test apshyparatus and will enhance the level of fire safety

bull The OSU apparatus appears to be reasonably available (as opposed to wideshyly available) in the United States Fifteen independent labs currently use the OSU rate of heat release apparatus for nonshyaircraft applications One quite naturalshyIy is in use at OSU on a consulting basis and as the need arises other labs will undoubtedly acquire the apparatus

bull The apparatus does not appear to be prohibitively costly

bull The use of the OSU apparatus will result in improved flammability standards for at least the time being in aircraft inteshyriors and those standards will provide adshyditional egress time in the event of emershygency

In very simplistic terms we are recomshymending that several years of hard effort and the expenditure of many dollars by the FAA be considered by the services in order to provide the most stringent yet practical specification governing flexible materials used for furniture and bedding

For the moment quite frankly it would appear that the wheel does not have to be re-invented It is already in place and needs only to be utilized in order to make a good specification an even better oneO

SOURCES

1 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Federal Register 14 CPR Parts 25 and 121 Improved Flanunability Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Transport Category Airplane Cabins

2 American Society For Testing and Materials Designation E 906-83 Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

Directory 16

F EAT U R E

POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION By Charles Willard Tempest Technology Corporation

Positive pressure ventilation involshyves the introduction of air into a burning building to reduce heat and

gases and to increase visibility This process allows the fireman to get to the seat of the frre quicker and use less water to extinguish the fire It also eliminates the chance of flashover and steam bum as well as providing a more tenable working environment for the fireman

Conventional ventilation methods have generally included 2 types natural and negative pressure Natural ventilation takes advantage of the air movement outshyside a structure by using existing openshyings Negative pressure ventilation has been accomplished by placing electric fans in doors or windows to suck or pull the smoke out In negative pressure venshytilation access to the structure is blocked by the fan hanging in the door or window

There is a third type ofventilation called positive pressure This technique has many advantages and additional benefits over the other two types

Positive pressure ventilation involves the placement of high volume blowers to push out the smoke As smoke is pushed out so are heat and gases Visibility is increased and temperature is decreased allowing the fireman and water to get to the seat of the frre quicker For this reason less water is necessary to extinguish the frr and less water damage results

TRAINING REQUIRED Upon the introduction of positive presshy

sure the chance of flashover and steam burn are eliminated This is because the air flow provided by the blower gives smoke heat gases and water vapor a direction to go away from the firefighter

For proper positive pressure ventilation techniques to work training is necessary For example the practice ofbreaking winshydows to introduce fresh air all around a structure (helpful in natural or negative pressure ventilation) is a disadvantage in positive pressure The integrity of the structure should be maintained In most cases only a window or door in the room of fire origin would be opened

The dangerous duty of vertical ventilashytion through the roof is greatly reduced as most fire can be ventilated horizontally

Positive pressure ventilation as a fire attack technique is being used with great success and has many applications which have not yet been realized In general the fire can be extinguished faster cleaner and safer than conventional techniques and greatly reduce property damageO

Defense Fire Protection AssociationDirectory 17

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

Directory 18

o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

Directory

Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

INTRODUCING FOUR OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE

FIRE EMERGENCY PRODUCTS AVAIl ABLE

1EMERGENCY BURN CARE Water-Jellowers and stabilizes skin temperature easing the pain and calming the patient And because Water-Jel is bacteriostatic covered wounds are protected from further contamination

2EXTINGUISHES FLAME ON VICTIM When victim is covered with Water-Iel flame is put out It also prevents burn progression by immediately cooling down the victim

Introducing Water-Jel shya revolutionary multi-use product for emergency burn care and fire protecshytion Its so fast and easy to use it will totally change the way you approach fire emergencies

No special training is required Just open the patented Water-Jel packet or container and apply the gel-soaked special carrier This Simple one-step product is ideal for all potential fire or burn areas including emergency medical

3PROTECTS RESCUER Water-Jel Blankets shield against intense heat and flames enabling a rescuer to reach and treat the victim

industrial government military and commercial Its packaging

makes it easily accessible and available for use anywhere with or without the presence of water

Water-Jel comes in sizes from an 8 x 6 (244cm x 183cm)Blanket to a 2x 6 (Scm x 1 Scm) Sterile Burn Dressing For more informationon this revolutionary 4-in-1 fire emergency product contact Trilling Medical Technologies Inc now

WATERmiddotJEI IF ITS NOT ON HAND bullbullbull YOURE PLAYING WITH FIREI

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THE DEFENSE FIRE PROTECTION SYMPOSIUM-MATERIALS and TECHNOLOGY EXPOSITION FEBRUARYmiddot14~16 1989

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o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

~SYMTRON _ SYSTEMS inc

17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

FORMERLY AUSTIN ELECTRONICS

IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

CHANGES WELL CHANGE THISD

254ACounIyUneRcL Hatboro PA 19040

(215) 443-5008

OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

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o 0 000

Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

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Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

Flame Retardant-Water Resistant Corrugated Packaging

Untreated COrrugated

Downey Inc has introduced the solution to the US Navy mandate for flame retardant packaging - PyroNova trade corrugated packagshying

Downey Inc has successfully completed a NAVSUPSYSCOM contract to apply flame retardant coating to fiberboard bin boxes in NISTARS Warehouses at Naval Supply Centers in Oakland and San Diego

PyroNovatrade meets the US Government requirements of MILshySPEC PPP-F-320D and MILSPEC PPP-B-636J

PyroNovacontainers are treated with a patented intumescentflame retardant coating which offers the following user benefits

Minimization of product loss from flre When exposed to fire the patented coating intumesces forming a char barrier that retards flame spread Because the intumescent coating dramatically reduces the flammability of corrugated your package does not readily become fuel for a fire In independent laboratory tests of muhiple samples PyroNova packaging received an ASTM E-162 flame spread rating of less than 20

Minimization of product loss from water Water damage is an unwanted by-product of fire fighting Sprinkler spray will eventually

PyroNova

degrade untreated corrugated packaging leading to water-related product damage PyroNova is the only flame retardant packaging which offers this benefit

PyroNova trade Flame Retardant Corrugated Specifications Comshypare a PyroNova flame retardant corrugated container against an untreated corrugated container of identical basis weight (275 Cshyflute domestic grade)

PyroNova Untreated Flame Spread ASTM E162-831 17 156 Specific Optic Density ASTM E6621 54 Unknown Bursting Strength (PSI-Minimum Average Dry)2 305 275 Top to Bottom Compression

Standard 73FI5O RH 10331bs 10291bs Cold-Humid 48FI85 RH 5741bs 5741bs

PyroNova corrugated is gluable and printable using standard adheshysives and ink

I Samples were exposed to 95deg F and 95 relative humidity for seven days and dried to constant weight prior to testing 2 Samples were exposed to 73deg F and 50 relative humidity for 24 hours

AIII~lied warranties 01 products merchanlabil~y fitness for a panicular purpose andor any other maner-wh9lher used singly in oombinalion with other substances or in any process-are hereby disclaimed by seller and excluded Buyer accepts liability lor determining the produot is suitable for buyers intended use

O(J)(Jwneg nc Container Corporation of America Flame Retardant Coatings

12650-C Lake Ridge Drive bull Lake Ridge VA 22192 (703) 491-5270 I Metro (703) 550-8033 I Fax (703) 643-5533

o 0 000

SCHEDULE OF EVENTS

TUESDAY FEBRUARY 14 1989

730 am- 700 pm Registration 1 C Foyer 900am-ll15 am General Session - Potomac 1-4 900am Welcome

Bill Barton American Fire Equipment Chairman of the Executive Board DFP Chief Tom Hawkins Fire Chief Arlington County Ron Fisher Director DFPA Dale Trout - Moderator Introduction of Service Representatives

915 am USS Bonefish (SS581) Fires Capt Mike Schery USN Naval Safety Cente

1000 am shy 1010 am Break 10 10 am - 1030 am Marine Corps Fire Protection Programs

Mr Al Kirchner Administrator Marine Corps Fire Service

1030 am Electrical Fires and Their Prevention Mr Frederick F Franklin PE Professional Analytical and Consulting Engineers

1055 am Integrated Damage Control Mr Carl Pohler Program Manager Damage Control Naval Sea Systems Command

1105 am The Exhibits Workshops and Demonstrations Program Master Chief John Taggart USN CINCLANTFLT Chief Sunny Hufton Naval Base Norfol Fire Department Mr Jim Rock Outland

11 30 am - 230 pm Exhibits Open Lunch in Exhibit Hall 200 pm - 500 pm Demonstrations (Schedule depends on

weather) Outdoors - Lot North of Hyatt Indoors shy Jefferson Room 3rd Floor Lincoln Room 3rd Floor

430pm Exhibits Close 500 pm - 630 pm Exhibits Open

Reception in Exhibit Hall Vip amp Key Persons Tours

700pm Banquet - Potomac 1-4 Keynote Address - Congo Curt Weldon Chmn Fire Services Caucus

WEDNESDAY FEBRUARY 15 1989

730 am - 500 pm Registration - 1 C Foyer 900 am - 1015 am Workshops First Session 3rd Floor

bull Materials - Jefferson Room bull Design - Kennedy Room bull Equipment - Lincoln Room bull HAZARD Assessment amp Risk

Considerations Roosevelt Room 1015 am - 1030 am Break 1030 am - 11 45 am Workshops Second Session - 3rd Floor

bull Education amp Training - Jefferson Room

bull Coatings amp Insulation - Kennedy Room

bull HAZMAT HAZCOM Toxicolshyogy amp Personnel Protection - Linshycoin Room

bull HAZARD Assessment amp Risk Considerations (Continued) -Roosevelt Room

Exhibits Open Lunch in Exhibit Hall 1200 pm - 230 pm 200 pm - 500 pm Demonstrations (Schedule depends on

weather) Outdoors - Lot North of Hyatt Indooors - Regency H 2C Level Prince William 3rd Floor

500pm Exhibits Close

530 pm - 630 pm Exhibitors Reception Cash Bar

THURSDAY FEBRUARY 16 1989

830 am- 100 pm Registration 900 am- 11 00 am WorkshopSeminar - Government

Acquisition Tim Foreman Office ofthe Secretary of Defense- Arlington Room

1100 am - 1245 pm Exhibits Open

LunchWrap Up Report 1 00 pm - 230 pm Guest Speaker - John McNichol Fire

Services Caucus Working with the Congressional Fire Services Caucus

1245 pm Exhibit Halls Close

TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcoming Remarks 2 Higher Standards Needed 16 AboutDFPA 6 Positive Pressure Ventilation 17 Exhibit Locator 8 Fire Retardant Coatings 18 Index oJ Advertisers 8 Floor Plan 21 FEDFIRE 1989 -1990 9 Defense Equipment 23 Workshop Highlights 10 Active Fire Protection 26 Demonstrations 11 Exhibitor Listing 27 Call For Papers 13 Biographies 36 Fire Fighting at Sea 14

Navy Tough Magnum Powerful Holmatroreg Magnum Force tradePHARS

(Portable Hydraulic Access and Rescue System)

Low Weight The lightest tools in the world

Strongest Forces 33000 Ibs of spreading force 63400 Ibs of cutting force

State-of-the-art technology compact power superior quality and maneuverability

= HOLMATROreg MAGNUM FORCE SERIEStrade

Holmatro Inc PO Box 99 Millersville MD 21108

o 0 000

ABOUTDFPA

DFP A is a not forprofit educational scientific tax exempt association with members from over 96 government and military organizations and 133 companies DFPA

membership comes from a cross section of all the disciplines of the fire service and the scientific and academic communities DFPA serves as a forum for government and industry interacshytions DFPA also coordinates and disseminates pertinent inforshymation about military fire fighting fire safe materials military fire protection practices organizations and individuals DFP As interest include all aspects of fire protection safety surshyvivability hazard reduction environmental issues government acquisition practices and public-private and domestic-foreign fire protection DFPAs overall purpose is to assist the Departshyment of Defense in eliminating injuries illnesses deaths and property damage due to fires

DFPA has its origins in the Navy Passive Fire Protection (PFP) program and two PFP symposia in 1984 and 1985 These meetings yielded large enthusiastic turnouts opened exchanges of information and sparked many initiatives DFPA expanded the scope of these symposia to include active fire protection detection suppression etc and increased representation from the Army and Air Force DFPA held its first Symposium in Annapolis Maryland in May 1987 The tragic fire aboard the USS Stark three days after the first symposium strengthened DFPAs resolve to become an effective dynamic organization that truly serves the armed forces

DFPA held a series of training courses in September 1987 and provided briefings to various groups including the Submarine Fire Protection Committee in November 1987 These events laid the groundwork for the Second Annual DFPA Symposium and Materials amp Technology Exposition in February 1988 Over 450 individuals attended representing 68 government agencies and 152 companies The symposium focused on establishing closer working relationships between government and industry and included 16 seminars 15 workshops 75 exhibitors and presenshytation of fire protection technologies materials and equipments The speakers included Senator John McCain (R-AZ) who is a strong proponent of fire safety and was on the flight deck of the USS Forestall as a Navy pilot during the fire that took 137 lives Congressman Charles Bennett (D-FL) Chairman of the Seapower Subcommittee ofthe Armed Services Committee and Congresswoman Beverly Byron (D-MD) a member of the Fire Service Caucus now the third largest caucus on capitol hill and other government leaders

DFPAs recently completed Fire Protection Conference in Norshyfolk Virginia used dynamic demonstrations and live fire burns to show innovative advances in fire protection technology to a varied cross-section of military end-users Demonstrations included new Passive Fire Protection materials fabrics sealants packaging coatings furnishings new fire suppresshysants pumps fire fighting rescue and safety equipments

respiratory protection equipment and protective clothing In his official report ofthis conference Mr Joseph K Taussig Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of the Navy for Safety and Survivability stated The DFPA meeting at the Chamberlin Hotel in Hampton Virginia was of significiant importance

Congressional and governmental leaders have recently enshycouraged DFPA to expand its scope to assist in solving private sector fire problems In particular Congressman Curt Weldon (R-PA) founder and chairman of the Fire Services Caucus has asked that DFPA assist in funneling military fire protection technologies materials and equipment between the private and public sectors DFPA plans to do this in close coordination with the members of the Fire Service Council and other associations as a means of sharing new technology and fire protection inforshymation between the private and public sectors Furthermore DFPA has come to realize that the United States is the world leader in military fire protection and despite shortcomings has the potential to become the world leader in fire protection technologies and equipment

DFPA PROVIDES THE FOLLOWING SPECIFIC SERVICES

Symposia Expositions and Conferences emphasizing demonstrations live fire burns exhibits and workshops for presentations of new technologies materials and equipment to increase awareness educate facilitate dialogues between the user and the manufacturersupplier and provide a forum atmosshyphere where Government agencies all the military services and industry listen to each other and work together

Databases directories and pUblications bull The DFPA Glossary of Fire Protection Acquisition

Logistics and Related Terms provides an up to date dicshytionary of government acquisition contractual logistics and fire protection safety and survivability terms It is sorted by acronym to long name and long name to acronym and definition It is a necessary tool for any individual that deals or would like to deal with the government

bull Guide to the Federal Acquisition Process Helps guide DFP A member companies through the governments comshyplex acquisition process and the equally complex orshyganizational structure

FEDFIREPER Directory of government and military pershysonnel and organizations involved with fire protection safety survivability and acquisition

bull Newsletters and bulletins and opportunities for professhysional growth and development FEDFIRE - 1989 DFPA Planning Guide and Calendar provides planning guidelines that outline how the work required to make our vehicles and facilities more fire safe could be planned general acquisition plans calendars and directories of DFP A members member companies and member comshypany Products amp Services

(Continued on page 15)

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 6

SLICEreg Pack- New cutting technology for fast entry and rescue

Youve got only seconds But now seconds are all you need to cut through just about anything Quickly and safely With the new SLICE Pack cutting system

bull Rapid Entry Carry SLICE Pack and youll cut or burn through virtually any barrier that stands in your way Steel doors and barred windows Locks and deadshybolts Even pierce cement block Cut through it all with the easy-to-use SLICE exothermic torch and rods

bull Rapid Rescue A building collapses A victim is trapshyped But even concrete and strucshytural steel are no match for you when you carry SLICE Pack It cuts through metallic non-metallic and composite materials So SLICE Pack gives you an all-purpose tool for fast victim extrication

bull Everything You Need

Specifications and equipment are subject to change

SLICE Pack lets you set up and start cutting last with a rugged carrying case containing everything you need You get the SLICE torch acshycessorres rechargeable power supshyply room for a 40 cubic foot oxygen bottle and a full complement of safety gear

bull Free Booklet Learn more about the versatile and rapid SLICE Pack cutting system Circle the number below or contact us directly at the Arcair Company Lancaster Ohio 43130 (phone 614shy653-5618) Concord Ontario Canada 9440 Erembodegem Belshygium Mexico 13 D F Mexico GPO 6700 Hong Kong

A subsdary of tft7j 8TOODY DELOAO BTELLITE INC

THE ARCAIR COMPANY HAS BEEN AWARDED THE CONTRACT TO SUPPL Y THE SLICE FLEET PACK TO THE US NAVY

o 0 000

COMPANY

Alpha Associates Inc Amatex Corporation American Fire Equipment American Godiva Inc American Heat Safety Video

Productions Inc AMKUSInc Ansul SpillX Products

Arcair Company Artificial Intelligence

Applications Ashland Carbon

Fibers Astra Software Corporation Automatic Sprinkler Corp

of America Baker Safety Equipment

Inc Beltran Inc Bio Marine Inc Cairns amp Brothers Inc Carlon - (A division of Lamson amp Sessions Co)

Channing L Bete Co Inc Chemron Inc Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc CSD Sealing Systems DC Filter amp Chemical Inc Downey Inc CCA Duraline Division of JB

Nottingham amp Co Inc EI Du Pont de Nemours amp

Company Eagle Air Systems Eastport International Inc Edwards amp Cromwell Elkhart Brass Flammadur Corporation of

America Hale Fire Pump Co Hardwood Plywood Assn Hevi DutyNelson - A Unit

of General Signal

PYRONOVA HOLMATRO ARCAIR SPACE AGE TECH

PRODUCTS INC

BOOTH

414 TIl 915 312

408 820921

121 T9

124

T12 701

II7

413 110 813 320

216 704 319 214

326

225

221 416 119 115 419

601 605606 602

424

EXHIBIT LOCATOR COMPANY BOOTH

Hoechst Celanese Corp 525 Holmatro Inc 702 HTL Division Pacific

Scientific 324 Ideanetics Simulators Sys 923 Industrial Scientific Corp 317 Ingersoll-Rand Company 418 International Association of Fire Chiefs 803

International Environment Technologies Ltd 912

International Safety Instruments Inc 219

J Rock Associates 116 King Fisher Co 220 KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc) 519

KT Corporation T5 Life Support Products Inc 802 Malyne Enterprises 111 MAN-SAF Technologies

Inc 521 Martin Marietta Aero amp

Naval Systems 113 Masonite Corporation 108 Medical Plastics

Laboratory 102 Micromiddot Turbo North America 919 Military Firefighters Mag Militec Inc Mine Safety Appliances Co Mustang Mfg Inc National Draeger Inc National Fire Hose Corp North American Fire Guardian

Paratech Inc Perma Glo Ind Inc Peter Pirsch Co Phoenix Rescue Tools Pyrocap (Unified Ind) Pyrotenax USA Inc Racal Health amp Safety Inc Ranger Rescue Equipment

215 804 603 806 109 315

104 325 120 118 316 818 114 604 107

INDEX OF ADVERTISERS

3 5 7

9

KT CORPORATION TEMPO GLOVE MFG INC AMERICAN FIRE EQUIP WATERJEL SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC

9 9

17 20 26

Defense Fire Protection Association

COMPANY BOOTH

Ranpak Corporation 100 RAVA Corporation WI Research Alternatives Inc 703 Robotronics Inc 927 Rockwood Systems Corp 321 ROLL-O-MATIC Inc 318 SW Virginia Research

and Development Corporation 103

SKEDCO 217 Sorrento Engineering Inc 417 Southwest Research

Institute 924 Space Age Technology

Products Inc Tl3 Symtron Systems Inc 412 Systron Donner 415 Task Force Tips Inc (KK

Products) 519 Tempest Technology

Corporation 814 Tempo Glove

Manufacturing Inc 409 TEXmiddotTech Industries Inc 926 Trilling Medical

Technologies Inc 421 Underwriters

Laboratories Inc 425 UNM New Mexico

Engineering Institute 218 Vetter SysVepro USA 914 VSIInc 815 WS Darley amp Co 925 Walter Kidde Aerospace

Inc 809 Wing Enterprises Inc 420 Win sol Laboratories

Cost Plus 805 I

Zero Corporation 125224 J

I

FM BRICK INDUSTRIES 26 MODERN DAY MARINE MILITARY EXPOSmON Cmiddot4

Directory 8

KT CORP vs NBC The Complete NBC Defense Specialist

bull MF-11 Military Respirator

bull VAS-2 Improved communications in an NBC or HAZMAT environment

bull M5 or M10 MicroClimate Cooling Units (MCCU) to beat heat stress

bull Permeable protective uniforms overboots and gloves

bull Liquid and gas agent detection

SEE PROGRAM FOR COMPLETE COMPANY PROFILE

KT CORPORATION 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497

(203) 3n-5900 FAX (203) 3n-Sm

Telex 282983 KTCORP UR

bull FIRE RESIS1-NG bull bull SMOKE SUPPRESSING bull bull PAINTS AND COATINGS bull SPACE AGE TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS INC

4536 West Lawrence Ave Chicago Illinois 60630

HARRY I SHAYMAN Phone 312725-0404

TEMPO GLOVE MFG INC 3820 W Wisconsin Avenue

Milwaukee WI 53208 Phone 414-344-1100

Out of State 1-800-558-8520

GSA 5-1-88 to 4-30-90 GS-07F-16055

FIRE GLOVESHOODS ONLY

DICK MANDLMAN Industrlal-Flreflghting-Outdoor

o 0 000

WORKSHOP HIGHLIGHTS In general the workshops conform to the recentlyformed DFPA

committees and the Workshop Chairmen are also the Committee Chairmen

MATERIALS Chairman Dale L Trout -Jefferson Room

Materials are the key to fire protection because it is generally not possible to eliminate ignition sources or oxygen (ampom the fire triangle) Materials include everything from hydraulic fluids to cable insulation paints regular clothing and composites and the retardants that can be added to these materials

DESIGN Chairman David Geer - Kennedy Room

The Design Worlcshop will focus on System Design for Survivability and Performance and include a look at how electrical circuit breakers do or do not provide adequate fire protection Powder Packs that protect fuel cells and hydraulic fluid reservoirs and computer based fire models

EQUIPMENT Chairman C Dean Perry - lincoln Room

We have experienced extraordinary leaps in fire fighting equipment over the past several years One of the most spectacular equipments is the Land Harpoon which will be discussed during this session

HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONSIDERATIONS Chairman Emory Champney -Roosevelt Room

Ibis Worlcshop covers elements involved in developing a hazard assessment an actual assessment of a shipboard scenario and risk analysis which addresses the chance or probability of injury or damage Dr Robert Tapscott will di~ss The HalonOzone Problem Technological Approaches Presentations will also be made by 10 DiPinto of DuPont RB Cbuke of Benjamin CIadre Associates and J Hall of the National Fire Protection Association

EDUCATION amp TRAINING Chairman David Joynt -Jefferson Room

This Worlcshop will include presentations on Leam Not to Burn and the safety features of the 19F Series Shipboard Firefighting Trainers

COATINGS amp INSULATION Chairman George Hidy - Kennedy Room

Coatings and Insulations are an integral part of an effective fire protection program They are used to insulate and keep fuel heat andmiddotoxygen separate Because they can add to the fire load it is important that fire retardant non-smoking non-toxic coatings and insulations be cbosen This worlcshop emphasizes this pressing issue and specifically focuses on new technologies and solutions

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION Chairmen Dr Wesley Clayton amp Mr Gary Hilbert- lincoln Room

This committeeworlcshop will focus on the Health Effects of Fire Bill McCutcheon from Cairns Brothers will provide a detailed presentation on protective clothing and helmets at this session

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION Chairman Bill Cullen -Arlington Room

Mr Tim Foreman from the Office of the Secretary of Defense will provide a detailed explanation of the government acquisition process and estimates of government needs for fire protection equipment

10 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

o 0 000

DEMONSTRATIONS The following are the currently planned demonstrations in tenative order

(Actual order will depend upon weather)

PYROTENAX USA INC BAKER SAFETY EQUIPMENT INC ROCKWOOD SYSTEMS CORP Mr Alvin Steinbach Mr Ralph Baker Mr Juanita Kuattila 5462 Treefrog Place Pyles Lane 640 E Main St Columbia MD 21045 New Castle DE 19720 PO Box 810 301-997-5105 302-652-7080 Lancaster TX 75146 Uses amp benefits of mineral insulated Simulated Safety Drop from Hyatt 214-227-3100

cable for wiring critical circuits Regency (30 Min) Foam Application

WING ENTERPRISES INC KT CORPORATION Mr Steve Gamer Mr WE Gutman SKEDCO 2241 South Larsen Parkway 300 Long Beach Blvd Mr Bud Calkin Provo UT 84601 Stratford CT 06497 16420 W 72nd Avenue PO Box 801-375-9620 203-377-5900 230366 The unique fire fighting capabilities of Voice Amplification amp Personal Alert Portland OR 97224

the Little Giant Ladder System (5 Min) 503-639-2119

NATIONAL DRAEGER INC Patient Packaging MAN-SAF TECHNOLOGIES INC Mr Ray Clarke Mr Chuck Ferguson 10 I Tech Drive 4022 Old Bardstown Road Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 DOWNEY INC Louisville KY 40218 412-787-8383 Ms Dianne Drake 502-499-9999 National Draegers Mobile 45 foot SCBA 12650 C Lake Ridge Drive

Training Center which permits users to Lake Ridge VA 22192 XmiddotSTlNG a new unique safety attachmiddot learn about their SCBA and their abUity to 703-550-8033

ment that fits most oxylfuel cutting-weldshy perform under stressfullbut controlled Fire Retardant Corrugated Boxes ing torches and converts torch immedishy conditions (45 Min) Duocom portable ately into afire extinguisher with the lift of two-man decompression chamber HOLMATRO INC afinger (15 Min) Mr Peter Penoyar

412 Headquarters Drive PARATECH INC PO Box 99

ARC AIR COMPANY Mr Peter Nielsen Millersville MD 21108 Mr James A Horwath 1025 Lambrecht Rd 301-987-6633 PO Box 406 Frankfort IT 60423 Rescue tooL LancasterOH 43130 815-469-3911 614-653-5618 Air bags Air Gun 40 - Paknammer 90 SPACEmiddotAGE TECHNOLOGY Portable exothermic cutting system forcible entry pneumatic tools (30middot45 PRODUCTS INC

SUCE

Min) Mr Harry Shayman 4536 West Lawrence Avenue

EASTPORT INTERNATIONAL INC Chicago IL 60630 AMERICAN HEAT SAFETY VIDEO Mr Michael Higgins 312-725-0404

PRODUCTIONS INC 501 Prince Georges Blvd Mr John Leonard Upper Marlboro MD 20772 A carton is painted with Tough 240 Souriegn Ct Suite C 30 1-249-3300 Coat Paint then fire is applied with St Louis MO 63011 a torch to show the resistive qualities 800-722-2443 Eastports SPAAT Product Using a comshy of the toughcoat paint The paper

pressed Air Driven Tool cut through a carton is constructed in much the Various Videos on Fire Suppression and Mock-up of an aircraft section amp apply a same manner as a furnace using

Emergency Medical Services fire-fighting agent (C02) paper flues

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 11

o 0 0 0 0 DEMONSTRATIONS (Continued)

that combines real-time communications TEMPEST TECHNOLOGY CORshyTASK FORCE TIPS INC (KK with georelational decision support With PORATIONPRODUCTS) nearly 400 systems in use on the US Mr Charles M WilliardMr Douglas C McMillan Canada and the Carribean the EIS Route 7 Box 916 2800 E Evans Ave operates at crisis scenes on portable comshy Boone NC 28607 Valparaiso IN 46383 puters and communicates back to a netshy 704-264-5880219-462-6161 worked operations center by telephone Positive Pressure Ventilation Use theUse of automatic pressure regulating satellite and pocket radio Users include tempest Power Blower and a Non-toxic nozzle with differentfoam types utilizing local and state government military bases electric smoke generator to show the the TFT foam jet air aspirating attachshyand private corporations The action of a advantages of this machines ability toment

clear smoke quicker and safer than EIS Response Team in Jamaica in the days VSIINC negative pressure ventilation following hurricane Gilbert will be highshyMr John Laudennilk

lighted in the presentation W S DARLEY amp CO335 Lake Seminary Circle Mr Paul C Darley - Bob Spertzel EI DU PONT DE NEMOURS ampPOBox 1392 2000 Anson DrCOMPANYMaitland FL 32751 Melrose Park IL 60160 Ms Nancy M Carver407-339-0403

EAD NA-226 312-345-8050 1007 Market Street The Darley Champion HE 18 BSSMOKEMASTER Wilmington DE 19898 capable of producing over 500 GPM Portable smoke generator in producing 302-774-2692 from draft and priced about one-half the a non-toxic white fog type smoke Demonstration will consist of an inshy price of other comparable portable The Smokemasteris a lightweight (24

pumpsstant-starting exothermic cutting torch Lbs) package that requires 115 volt and that will be used on various metals and AMERICAN FIRE EQUIPMENT12-14 amps of current and can start up metallic objects Mr Clifton M Wilderin less than 30 seconds

13720 Dabney Road TEMPO GLOVE MANUFACTURshyRESEARCH ALTERNATIVES INC Woodbridge VA 22191INGINCMr Steve Johnson 703-643-1005Mr Richard Manolman 966 Hungerford Dr On Spot Chains at Booth 3820 W Wisconsin Ave Suite 3

Milwaukee WI 53208 SW VIRGINIA RESEARCH AND Rockville MD 20850 414-344-1100 DEVELOPMENT301-424-2803

Mr Walt Hennan Fire Gloves amp HoodsA large screen demonstration using a POBox 1175MALYNE ENTERPRISES Sony projector to display the computer Abingdon VA 24210Mr Ronald Krempasky capabilities for locating and fighting 703-628-12615731 Palmer Way Suite C-lhazardous materials using the emergenshyA live-fire ofthe LAND-HARPOON toCarlsbad CA 92008 cy information systemschemical version

619-931-1231 show how it works and the ease ofextinshy(EISC) software guishing a fire or controlling a chemical IDEANETICS SIMULATORS SYS Overview There is no more spatially spillMr Edward Wright dependent fonn of management than the

SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC management of crisis Whether the crisis 6413 Glenroy St Mr Frank Cerven is a natural disaster military action or San Diego CA 92120 17-01 Pollitt Drive 619-286-3718technological accident the geography of

A 35 mm slide is projected on a screen the event and the spatial distribution of PO Box 950 (aircraft barracks shopping mall etc) FairLawnNJ 07410vulnerable populations and resource

201-794-0200supply systems is a primary detenninant as the slide is being projeted simulated Hull insulation Fire Trainer from the of decision options fire and smoke are introduced to the fire

21Cl2 Training Systems 0As a result the graphic and geographic scene in theform ofrealistic animation display of decision support infonnation is The trainees respond to what they see criticaJ to the management of crisis and hear just as they would at a actual

This presentation details the real-world fire The training officer can instantly applications of the Emergency Infonnashy change the fire behaviors as he responds tion System Software a crisis-proven tool to the trainees decisions

12 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

CALL FOR PAPERS DEMONSTRATIONS amp EXHIBITS

FIRST ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MILIT ARY FIRE PROTECTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION

VIRGINIA BEACH PAVILION NORFOLK VIRGINIA AREA

October 16-19 1989

AREAS

Aircraft - Surface Ships - Aircraft Carriers - Submarines - Land Combat and Tracked Vehicles - Military Facilities Buildings and Housing - Munitions

TOPICS

subrnitledto

MATERIALS bull Passive Fire Protection Materials bull Fabrics and Clothing (Regular and Protective) bull Structural and Fabricated Materials bull Composites bull Paints and Coatings bull Hydraulic Fluids Oils and Greases bull Outfitting and Furnishing Materials (Including

Furniture Bedding amp Linens) bull Power and Signal Cables bull Thermal and Acoustic Insulations and Wallboard bull Packaging Containers and Wood

DESIGN bull Electrical amp Electronic Systems bull Design Features bull Maintenance Practices

EQUIPMENT bull FireFlameSmoke Detectors and Activation

Systems bull Firefighting Equipment bull Fire Suppressants bull Emergency Medical Supplies

HAZARD ASSESSMENT amp RISK

EDUCATION amp TRAINING

bull Training Plans bull Technical Information and Training Materials bull Simulators and Trainers

COATING AND INSULATION

bull Coatings bull Sealants bull Fire Blocking Materials bull Insulating Materials

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION

bull Respiratory Protection bull Protective Clothing

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION bull Government Procurement Organizations bull Government Procurement Procedures bull Performance Specifications amp Commercial

Item Descriptions bull Non-development Items bull Logistics Support

F EAT U R E THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE DEFENSE

FIRE FIGHTING AT SEA By Senator John McCain

(From an address to the DFPA Membership Hyatt Regency Hotel Crystal City Arlington Va on February 231988)

I t seems a bit strange given all the talk we hear about advanced technology to be standing here today and to have

to talk about fire fighting We spend so much time talking about smart weapons that we often fail to remember they hit things and that some of these things are our ships

I suspect that sailors are particularly prone to ignore the risks involved in being hit We have no place to run to We also tend to ignore risks of fire in spite of centuries oflessons to the contrary It may be that being surrounded by water makes it harder to think about fire but more seriously I suspect that many of us really dont want to think about the consequenshyces of a really major fire aboard ship

Nevertheless naval firefighting is as imshyportant as all the missiles aircraft and black boxes that make up todays Navy We sawall too clearly in World War II how many times firefighting decided whether a carrier or major surface ship would surshyvive an air or torpedo attack

I personally have seen the horror of a major carrier fire that was the result of an accident not an enemy strike and which killed hundreds of my fellow crewman

The Navy took these fires seriously It made many individual improvements imshymediately In 1979 it formed an aircraft carrier flag level firefighting steering committee In 1982 it formed a surshyvivability review group to review design practices and to try to improve surshyvivability Both these groups are still in operation

In 1983-1984 the CNO added a special ship survivability program to Navy design activity which concentrated on passive fire protection These activities led to the alteration of nearly 300 ships

14

Long before the Falklands these measures led to better training better crew protection more firefighting equipment the use of halon firefighting systems and kevlar back-up of metal armor

Nevertheless the Falklands again taught us the importance of firefighting The British lost more warships to fires and bomb disposal problems than to any other cause They found out that sophisticated weapons cannot be blocked with sophistishycated defenses

The British had to learn the hard way the costs of the tendency to slack off on firefighting training and equipment in time of peace Like us they tended to think in terms of our weapons and equipshyment The Royal Navy was never quite able to find enough training time It tended to squeeze its readiness and equipshyment budgets When push came to shove it tended to ignore the problem of fire until one started

Equally important they learned that most sophisticated defenses present very special fire fighting problems

bull They suffered from a tendency to over centralize all control functions in the battle center of a ship

bull They tended to over-automate the basic functions of a ship including fire fighting

bull They tended to fill a ship with wire This broke down the compartmenshytalization of the ship and created a massive and poisonous fire hazard

bull Finally the need to keep adding anshytennas and weapons led them to make ships top heavy and to use less armor This made ships and comshypartments easier to penetrate and made many barriers so thin that heat spread fire from section to section as well as trapped and often killed the crew

Defense Fire Protection Association

Now I suspect that many of you are already beginning to think of the USS STARK Unfortunately many of these lessons from the Falklands did apply to our own experience in the Persian Gulf

This was not because we refused to learn from other navies The Navy paid careful attention to what happened in the Falklands It conducted an in depth study in 1984 to determine how it should change its ship designs and fire fighting methods This panel identified 87 individual lesshysons of which 25 were already covered by existing practices 21 required refineshymentsand41 required changes Some47 design lessons came out of the conflict

A special damage controlfirefighting working group was also set up which I think many of you are already aware of As I understand it this forums annual meetings have already led to hundreds of recommendations and several hundred have already been evaluated or approved

The problem with the STARK was that it takes years to redesign and rebuild ships and once again the problem of limited resources and competing priorities intervened

I am not going to get into to the details of the debate between the Captain of the STARK and the Navy I am in no position to judge the causes that led to an Exocet hitting the ship Nevertheless it is clear that the Navy had not had time to make the improvements it had learned from the Falklands

Further we still had additional lessons to learn on our own In fact if it had not been for an incredible job of firefighting -which was only possible because other ships could come to the support of the STARK without having to worry about further attack-we would have lost the ship to two small missiles designed to temporarily incapacitate combat ships rather than sink them

Directory

o 0 000 This incidentally is a key lesson we all

need to bear in mind in talking about firefighting Accidents and incidents are not war Our ships in the Gulf were not really then in harms way in the Gulf as they would be in war We had other comshybat ships in support that could devote full time to aiding the STARK we had a tug with firefighting capability and we had USAF and Saudi air cover

In combat we could have been dealing with multiple strikes on a US Reet by Soviet missiles with at least five times the explosive of the Exocet In combat the STARK would have sunk its limited firefighting supplies would have quickly been exhausted and many more of its crew would have burned to death

But lets turn back to what happened to the STARK I know you have all read about the attack and many will have studied the Blue Ribbon Report on the incident The key points are that two very small missiles hit an FFG 7 Class Ship and they started a major fire

Both missiles hit the port side of the hull forward They ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a transverse watertight bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing through two berthing areas One did not explode but the propellant burned at about 3000 degrees fahrenheit and started a fire The second missile then hit at roughly the same point It exploded and fueled the fire in the same general area

The two missiles set all combustibles in the berthing compartment on fire The firemain pressure was too low to be usable and there was fire in the compartshyment under the RADAR-IFF-CIC or Ricer Room The fire was fed by the polyvinyl chloride jacketing on electrical cables

To use purely technical tenns all hell broke lose In spite of the fact the crew rushed in a portable pump the fire spread vertically by conduction It burned the ricer space and the combat infonnation center Ifit had not been for a commercial salvage tug the ability to get emergency equipment and breathing apparatus from other ships and the rescue and assistance teams from nearby ships we could have lost the STARK and possibly much of its crew As it stands we lost 37 crewmen although no one was killed or seriously wounded during the firefighting efforts

I think the Navy can be proud of the speed with which it reacted to the STARK incident The Secretary of the Navy apshypointed a Blue Ribbon Panel to study the survivability of current ships and the changes to be made in future designs

The main conclusions of this panel were to support the conclusions the Navy had already drawn from the fighting in the Falklands but had not had time to act upon They were

bull To rush relocation of fire pump location and the isolation and resitshying of the firemains

bull To improve drainage of fire fighting water on the top deck

bull To improve fire insulation on bulkheads and vital decks

bull To improve smoke control and the numbers and capabilities of deshysmoking equipment

bull To reduce the load of combustibles and particularly of electrical cables

bull To rush the deployment of imshyproved portable fire fighting equipshyment including wire free damage control communications equipshyment equipment for cutting through bulkheads and decks breathing equipment firefighter protective clothing and dewatering pumps

Now these are all technical solutions which you are better equipped to judge than I am but the Navy also laid out new plans for ship design and improvement upgrades doctrine and procedures for firefighting survivability funding RampD into countering the anti-ship missile threat materials RampD and a host of other issues

Further it not only developed recomshymendations for backfitting it is considershying rules that would only allow deviations from ship survivability design principles if they were directly approved by the CNO on the advice of COMNAVshySEASYSCOM

Is this enough No I am sure it is not We have to live in a world where killing mechanisms improve as fast as defenses We never are going to be able to solve our problems by standing still or simply by using better active defense and annor As long as our enemies create smarter and better weapons we are going to need smarter and better fire fighters

This however gentlemen is where you come in You may be cheaper than an Aegis cruiser but you are at least as imshyportant If you cant help us learn the next set offirefighting lessons now before we have to learn them the hard way we are going to lose more men and ships This will be especially true if we have to learn our lessons in war

I hope you are going to spare us from having to learn the hard way Let me also say as a fonner naval aviator that I hope youll keep reminding us of how imporshytant firefighting really is and that we need to give it the proper resources Much as I love airplanes I also love having a place to land It can get lonely when that place it burningO

(Continued from page 6)

The Proceedings and Report of DFPAs February 1988 Symposium and the May 1987 Symposium includes over 100 recommenshydations to make our military vehicles more firesafe and survivable includes texts of speakers addresses list of participants the 15 workshop reports and descriptions of exhibits and seminars This will be supplemented with proceedings from the Oct 88 Norfolk Fire Protection Conference

Directories of fire resistant materials fire protection safety and survivability equipment and systems features and technologies and associated sourcesO

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 15

F EAT U R E

SHIPBOARDFURN~HINGS

HIGHER STANDARDS NEEDED NOW By Mr Al Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc

Within little more than a year the Persian Gulf USS Stark incishydent and the USS Boneish fire

in the Atlantic have dramatically emshyphasized the consequences of fire on board ships The loss of the Sheffield in the Falklands preceded those incidents all of which further emphasize the need for only the safest of outfittings and furnishshyings with regard to flame propagation smoke emission and toxicity

Coincidental with the time frame of the aforementioned events the US Navy specification for flame resistant cushionshying (furniture bedding etc) to be used on board naval vessels MIL-R-20092 has undergone revision and the present L vershysion has been changed to a performance specification from its former material (polychloroprene) specification There is no doubt that a lot of diligent hard effort has been put forth by the specifying inshyfluences connected with MIL-R-20092 and shipboard habitability in general A performance standard theoretically brings about greater competition and subsequent economic benefits for the Services and thats good for the taxpayer The specifiers have done their usual good job but they simply havent gone far enough to give our fighting men the ultimate in fire safety when comparing current state of the art in small scale testing versus the present reshyquirements of MIL-R-20092 That parshyticular specification demands a little fine tuning ie a little tightening up with respect to flammability That statement has more impact ifone believes that it may be before live fire testing evolves

In the interim there is a test method readily available which at least one govemmental entity believes will closely and accurately correlate andor predict full scale (live fire test) results That entity is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the test method is ASTM Eshy906-83 entitled Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

To paraphrase the ASTM description of the test method it can be used to detershymine the release rates of heat and visible smoke from materials and products when exposed to different levels of radiant heat testing same under a constant imposed external heat flux that may be varied upshywards to thousands ofdegrees Fahrenheit

The FAA after full scale fire tests conshyducted numerous laboratory tests to corshyrelate possible material qualification test methods with those full scale tests The net result was that ASTM E-906-83 also known as the Ohio State University (OSU) rate ofheat release apparatus was determined to he the most suitable and demonstrated that it would accurately predict what could be expected of interior materials in typical post-crash fires

At this point we must take note of a certain logic connected with the FAA studies that appears to correlate closely with the shipboard environment in event of fire The FAA finds that there is a significant correlation between flamshymability and toxic emissions and that the severe hazard from toxic emissions ocshycurs as a result oflashover infires involvshying interior materials Thus the FAAs improved flammability standards inshydirectly address toxicity by requiring the use ofinterior materials with reduced heat release rates that delay or prevent the onset of flashover (a condition when high levels of toxic emissions occur) Moreover the FAA claims that the corshyrelation of the rate of heat release tests with full scale tests has demonstrated that heat release is an indication of flame spread a point which must be emshyphasized

In summation a strong recommendation must be made for revision of the present MIL-R-20092 specification which will provide for inclusion of ASTM E-906-83 at a radiant heat flux of 35 watts per square centimeter (35wcm2) The recommendation is strengthened by the following observations

Defense Fire Protection Association

bull The OSU heat release rate apparatus appears to closely and accurately predict full scale test results Lengthy FAA testshying appears to demonstrate unquesshytionable correlation

bull The FAA believes the present demonstrated correlation is sufficient to proceed with use of the OSU test apshyparatus and will enhance the level of fire safety

bull The OSU apparatus appears to be reasonably available (as opposed to wideshyly available) in the United States Fifteen independent labs currently use the OSU rate of heat release apparatus for nonshyaircraft applications One quite naturalshyIy is in use at OSU on a consulting basis and as the need arises other labs will undoubtedly acquire the apparatus

bull The apparatus does not appear to be prohibitively costly

bull The use of the OSU apparatus will result in improved flammability standards for at least the time being in aircraft inteshyriors and those standards will provide adshyditional egress time in the event of emershygency

In very simplistic terms we are recomshymending that several years of hard effort and the expenditure of many dollars by the FAA be considered by the services in order to provide the most stringent yet practical specification governing flexible materials used for furniture and bedding

For the moment quite frankly it would appear that the wheel does not have to be re-invented It is already in place and needs only to be utilized in order to make a good specification an even better oneO

SOURCES

1 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Federal Register 14 CPR Parts 25 and 121 Improved Flanunability Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Transport Category Airplane Cabins

2 American Society For Testing and Materials Designation E 906-83 Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

Directory 16

F EAT U R E

POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION By Charles Willard Tempest Technology Corporation

Positive pressure ventilation involshyves the introduction of air into a burning building to reduce heat and

gases and to increase visibility This process allows the fireman to get to the seat of the frre quicker and use less water to extinguish the fire It also eliminates the chance of flashover and steam bum as well as providing a more tenable working environment for the fireman

Conventional ventilation methods have generally included 2 types natural and negative pressure Natural ventilation takes advantage of the air movement outshyside a structure by using existing openshyings Negative pressure ventilation has been accomplished by placing electric fans in doors or windows to suck or pull the smoke out In negative pressure venshytilation access to the structure is blocked by the fan hanging in the door or window

There is a third type ofventilation called positive pressure This technique has many advantages and additional benefits over the other two types

Positive pressure ventilation involves the placement of high volume blowers to push out the smoke As smoke is pushed out so are heat and gases Visibility is increased and temperature is decreased allowing the fireman and water to get to the seat of the frre quicker For this reason less water is necessary to extinguish the frr and less water damage results

TRAINING REQUIRED Upon the introduction of positive presshy

sure the chance of flashover and steam burn are eliminated This is because the air flow provided by the blower gives smoke heat gases and water vapor a direction to go away from the firefighter

For proper positive pressure ventilation techniques to work training is necessary For example the practice ofbreaking winshydows to introduce fresh air all around a structure (helpful in natural or negative pressure ventilation) is a disadvantage in positive pressure The integrity of the structure should be maintained In most cases only a window or door in the room of fire origin would be opened

The dangerous duty of vertical ventilashytion through the roof is greatly reduced as most fire can be ventilated horizontally

Positive pressure ventilation as a fire attack technique is being used with great success and has many applications which have not yet been realized In general the fire can be extinguished faster cleaner and safer than conventional techniques and greatly reduce property damageO

Defense Fire Protection AssociationDirectory 17

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

Directory 18

o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

Directory

Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

INTRODUCING FOUR OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE

FIRE EMERGENCY PRODUCTS AVAIl ABLE

1EMERGENCY BURN CARE Water-Jellowers and stabilizes skin temperature easing the pain and calming the patient And because Water-Jel is bacteriostatic covered wounds are protected from further contamination

2EXTINGUISHES FLAME ON VICTIM When victim is covered with Water-Iel flame is put out It also prevents burn progression by immediately cooling down the victim

Introducing Water-Jel shya revolutionary multi-use product for emergency burn care and fire protecshytion Its so fast and easy to use it will totally change the way you approach fire emergencies

No special training is required Just open the patented Water-Jel packet or container and apply the gel-soaked special carrier This Simple one-step product is ideal for all potential fire or burn areas including emergency medical

3PROTECTS RESCUER Water-Jel Blankets shield against intense heat and flames enabling a rescuer to reach and treat the victim

industrial government military and commercial Its packaging

makes it easily accessible and available for use anywhere with or without the presence of water

Water-Jel comes in sizes from an 8 x 6 (244cm x 183cm)Blanket to a 2x 6 (Scm x 1 Scm) Sterile Burn Dressing For more informationon this revolutionary 4-in-1 fire emergency product contact Trilling Medical Technologies Inc now

WATERmiddotJEI IF ITS NOT ON HAND bullbullbull YOURE PLAYING WITH FIREI

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THE DEFENSE FIRE PROTECTION SYMPOSIUM-MATERIALS and TECHNOLOGY EXPOSITION FEBRUARYmiddot14~16 1989

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l6n ~ n17 130 011

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96-Sx10 BOOTHS

bull 924

925

926

o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

Directory 24

o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

~SYMTRON _ SYSTEMS inc

17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

FORMERLY AUSTIN ELECTRONICS

IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

CHANGES WELL CHANGE THISD

254ACounIyUneRcL Hatboro PA 19040

(215) 443-5008

OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

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Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

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Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

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SCHEDULE OF EVENTS

TUESDAY FEBRUARY 14 1989

730 am- 700 pm Registration 1 C Foyer 900am-ll15 am General Session - Potomac 1-4 900am Welcome

Bill Barton American Fire Equipment Chairman of the Executive Board DFP Chief Tom Hawkins Fire Chief Arlington County Ron Fisher Director DFPA Dale Trout - Moderator Introduction of Service Representatives

915 am USS Bonefish (SS581) Fires Capt Mike Schery USN Naval Safety Cente

1000 am shy 1010 am Break 10 10 am - 1030 am Marine Corps Fire Protection Programs

Mr Al Kirchner Administrator Marine Corps Fire Service

1030 am Electrical Fires and Their Prevention Mr Frederick F Franklin PE Professional Analytical and Consulting Engineers

1055 am Integrated Damage Control Mr Carl Pohler Program Manager Damage Control Naval Sea Systems Command

1105 am The Exhibits Workshops and Demonstrations Program Master Chief John Taggart USN CINCLANTFLT Chief Sunny Hufton Naval Base Norfol Fire Department Mr Jim Rock Outland

11 30 am - 230 pm Exhibits Open Lunch in Exhibit Hall 200 pm - 500 pm Demonstrations (Schedule depends on

weather) Outdoors - Lot North of Hyatt Indoors shy Jefferson Room 3rd Floor Lincoln Room 3rd Floor

430pm Exhibits Close 500 pm - 630 pm Exhibits Open

Reception in Exhibit Hall Vip amp Key Persons Tours

700pm Banquet - Potomac 1-4 Keynote Address - Congo Curt Weldon Chmn Fire Services Caucus

WEDNESDAY FEBRUARY 15 1989

730 am - 500 pm Registration - 1 C Foyer 900 am - 1015 am Workshops First Session 3rd Floor

bull Materials - Jefferson Room bull Design - Kennedy Room bull Equipment - Lincoln Room bull HAZARD Assessment amp Risk

Considerations Roosevelt Room 1015 am - 1030 am Break 1030 am - 11 45 am Workshops Second Session - 3rd Floor

bull Education amp Training - Jefferson Room

bull Coatings amp Insulation - Kennedy Room

bull HAZMAT HAZCOM Toxicolshyogy amp Personnel Protection - Linshycoin Room

bull HAZARD Assessment amp Risk Considerations (Continued) -Roosevelt Room

Exhibits Open Lunch in Exhibit Hall 1200 pm - 230 pm 200 pm - 500 pm Demonstrations (Schedule depends on

weather) Outdoors - Lot North of Hyatt Indooors - Regency H 2C Level Prince William 3rd Floor

500pm Exhibits Close

530 pm - 630 pm Exhibitors Reception Cash Bar

THURSDAY FEBRUARY 16 1989

830 am- 100 pm Registration 900 am- 11 00 am WorkshopSeminar - Government

Acquisition Tim Foreman Office ofthe Secretary of Defense- Arlington Room

1100 am - 1245 pm Exhibits Open

LunchWrap Up Report 1 00 pm - 230 pm Guest Speaker - John McNichol Fire

Services Caucus Working with the Congressional Fire Services Caucus

1245 pm Exhibit Halls Close

TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcoming Remarks 2 Higher Standards Needed 16 AboutDFPA 6 Positive Pressure Ventilation 17 Exhibit Locator 8 Fire Retardant Coatings 18 Index oJ Advertisers 8 Floor Plan 21 FEDFIRE 1989 -1990 9 Defense Equipment 23 Workshop Highlights 10 Active Fire Protection 26 Demonstrations 11 Exhibitor Listing 27 Call For Papers 13 Biographies 36 Fire Fighting at Sea 14

Navy Tough Magnum Powerful Holmatroreg Magnum Force tradePHARS

(Portable Hydraulic Access and Rescue System)

Low Weight The lightest tools in the world

Strongest Forces 33000 Ibs of spreading force 63400 Ibs of cutting force

State-of-the-art technology compact power superior quality and maneuverability

= HOLMATROreg MAGNUM FORCE SERIEStrade

Holmatro Inc PO Box 99 Millersville MD 21108

o 0 000

ABOUTDFPA

DFP A is a not forprofit educational scientific tax exempt association with members from over 96 government and military organizations and 133 companies DFPA

membership comes from a cross section of all the disciplines of the fire service and the scientific and academic communities DFPA serves as a forum for government and industry interacshytions DFPA also coordinates and disseminates pertinent inforshymation about military fire fighting fire safe materials military fire protection practices organizations and individuals DFP As interest include all aspects of fire protection safety surshyvivability hazard reduction environmental issues government acquisition practices and public-private and domestic-foreign fire protection DFPAs overall purpose is to assist the Departshyment of Defense in eliminating injuries illnesses deaths and property damage due to fires

DFPA has its origins in the Navy Passive Fire Protection (PFP) program and two PFP symposia in 1984 and 1985 These meetings yielded large enthusiastic turnouts opened exchanges of information and sparked many initiatives DFPA expanded the scope of these symposia to include active fire protection detection suppression etc and increased representation from the Army and Air Force DFPA held its first Symposium in Annapolis Maryland in May 1987 The tragic fire aboard the USS Stark three days after the first symposium strengthened DFPAs resolve to become an effective dynamic organization that truly serves the armed forces

DFPA held a series of training courses in September 1987 and provided briefings to various groups including the Submarine Fire Protection Committee in November 1987 These events laid the groundwork for the Second Annual DFPA Symposium and Materials amp Technology Exposition in February 1988 Over 450 individuals attended representing 68 government agencies and 152 companies The symposium focused on establishing closer working relationships between government and industry and included 16 seminars 15 workshops 75 exhibitors and presenshytation of fire protection technologies materials and equipments The speakers included Senator John McCain (R-AZ) who is a strong proponent of fire safety and was on the flight deck of the USS Forestall as a Navy pilot during the fire that took 137 lives Congressman Charles Bennett (D-FL) Chairman of the Seapower Subcommittee ofthe Armed Services Committee and Congresswoman Beverly Byron (D-MD) a member of the Fire Service Caucus now the third largest caucus on capitol hill and other government leaders

DFPAs recently completed Fire Protection Conference in Norshyfolk Virginia used dynamic demonstrations and live fire burns to show innovative advances in fire protection technology to a varied cross-section of military end-users Demonstrations included new Passive Fire Protection materials fabrics sealants packaging coatings furnishings new fire suppresshysants pumps fire fighting rescue and safety equipments

respiratory protection equipment and protective clothing In his official report ofthis conference Mr Joseph K Taussig Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of the Navy for Safety and Survivability stated The DFPA meeting at the Chamberlin Hotel in Hampton Virginia was of significiant importance

Congressional and governmental leaders have recently enshycouraged DFPA to expand its scope to assist in solving private sector fire problems In particular Congressman Curt Weldon (R-PA) founder and chairman of the Fire Services Caucus has asked that DFPA assist in funneling military fire protection technologies materials and equipment between the private and public sectors DFPA plans to do this in close coordination with the members of the Fire Service Council and other associations as a means of sharing new technology and fire protection inforshymation between the private and public sectors Furthermore DFPA has come to realize that the United States is the world leader in military fire protection and despite shortcomings has the potential to become the world leader in fire protection technologies and equipment

DFPA PROVIDES THE FOLLOWING SPECIFIC SERVICES

Symposia Expositions and Conferences emphasizing demonstrations live fire burns exhibits and workshops for presentations of new technologies materials and equipment to increase awareness educate facilitate dialogues between the user and the manufacturersupplier and provide a forum atmosshyphere where Government agencies all the military services and industry listen to each other and work together

Databases directories and pUblications bull The DFPA Glossary of Fire Protection Acquisition

Logistics and Related Terms provides an up to date dicshytionary of government acquisition contractual logistics and fire protection safety and survivability terms It is sorted by acronym to long name and long name to acronym and definition It is a necessary tool for any individual that deals or would like to deal with the government

bull Guide to the Federal Acquisition Process Helps guide DFP A member companies through the governments comshyplex acquisition process and the equally complex orshyganizational structure

FEDFIREPER Directory of government and military pershysonnel and organizations involved with fire protection safety survivability and acquisition

bull Newsletters and bulletins and opportunities for professhysional growth and development FEDFIRE - 1989 DFPA Planning Guide and Calendar provides planning guidelines that outline how the work required to make our vehicles and facilities more fire safe could be planned general acquisition plans calendars and directories of DFP A members member companies and member comshypany Products amp Services

(Continued on page 15)

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 6

SLICEreg Pack- New cutting technology for fast entry and rescue

Youve got only seconds But now seconds are all you need to cut through just about anything Quickly and safely With the new SLICE Pack cutting system

bull Rapid Entry Carry SLICE Pack and youll cut or burn through virtually any barrier that stands in your way Steel doors and barred windows Locks and deadshybolts Even pierce cement block Cut through it all with the easy-to-use SLICE exothermic torch and rods

bull Rapid Rescue A building collapses A victim is trapshyped But even concrete and strucshytural steel are no match for you when you carry SLICE Pack It cuts through metallic non-metallic and composite materials So SLICE Pack gives you an all-purpose tool for fast victim extrication

bull Everything You Need

Specifications and equipment are subject to change

SLICE Pack lets you set up and start cutting last with a rugged carrying case containing everything you need You get the SLICE torch acshycessorres rechargeable power supshyply room for a 40 cubic foot oxygen bottle and a full complement of safety gear

bull Free Booklet Learn more about the versatile and rapid SLICE Pack cutting system Circle the number below or contact us directly at the Arcair Company Lancaster Ohio 43130 (phone 614shy653-5618) Concord Ontario Canada 9440 Erembodegem Belshygium Mexico 13 D F Mexico GPO 6700 Hong Kong

A subsdary of tft7j 8TOODY DELOAO BTELLITE INC

THE ARCAIR COMPANY HAS BEEN AWARDED THE CONTRACT TO SUPPL Y THE SLICE FLEET PACK TO THE US NAVY

o 0 000

COMPANY

Alpha Associates Inc Amatex Corporation American Fire Equipment American Godiva Inc American Heat Safety Video

Productions Inc AMKUSInc Ansul SpillX Products

Arcair Company Artificial Intelligence

Applications Ashland Carbon

Fibers Astra Software Corporation Automatic Sprinkler Corp

of America Baker Safety Equipment

Inc Beltran Inc Bio Marine Inc Cairns amp Brothers Inc Carlon - (A division of Lamson amp Sessions Co)

Channing L Bete Co Inc Chemron Inc Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc CSD Sealing Systems DC Filter amp Chemical Inc Downey Inc CCA Duraline Division of JB

Nottingham amp Co Inc EI Du Pont de Nemours amp

Company Eagle Air Systems Eastport International Inc Edwards amp Cromwell Elkhart Brass Flammadur Corporation of

America Hale Fire Pump Co Hardwood Plywood Assn Hevi DutyNelson - A Unit

of General Signal

PYRONOVA HOLMATRO ARCAIR SPACE AGE TECH

PRODUCTS INC

BOOTH

414 TIl 915 312

408 820921

121 T9

124

T12 701

II7

413 110 813 320

216 704 319 214

326

225

221 416 119 115 419

601 605606 602

424

EXHIBIT LOCATOR COMPANY BOOTH

Hoechst Celanese Corp 525 Holmatro Inc 702 HTL Division Pacific

Scientific 324 Ideanetics Simulators Sys 923 Industrial Scientific Corp 317 Ingersoll-Rand Company 418 International Association of Fire Chiefs 803

International Environment Technologies Ltd 912

International Safety Instruments Inc 219

J Rock Associates 116 King Fisher Co 220 KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc) 519

KT Corporation T5 Life Support Products Inc 802 Malyne Enterprises 111 MAN-SAF Technologies

Inc 521 Martin Marietta Aero amp

Naval Systems 113 Masonite Corporation 108 Medical Plastics

Laboratory 102 Micromiddot Turbo North America 919 Military Firefighters Mag Militec Inc Mine Safety Appliances Co Mustang Mfg Inc National Draeger Inc National Fire Hose Corp North American Fire Guardian

Paratech Inc Perma Glo Ind Inc Peter Pirsch Co Phoenix Rescue Tools Pyrocap (Unified Ind) Pyrotenax USA Inc Racal Health amp Safety Inc Ranger Rescue Equipment

215 804 603 806 109 315

104 325 120 118 316 818 114 604 107

INDEX OF ADVERTISERS

3 5 7

9

KT CORPORATION TEMPO GLOVE MFG INC AMERICAN FIRE EQUIP WATERJEL SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC

9 9

17 20 26

Defense Fire Protection Association

COMPANY BOOTH

Ranpak Corporation 100 RAVA Corporation WI Research Alternatives Inc 703 Robotronics Inc 927 Rockwood Systems Corp 321 ROLL-O-MATIC Inc 318 SW Virginia Research

and Development Corporation 103

SKEDCO 217 Sorrento Engineering Inc 417 Southwest Research

Institute 924 Space Age Technology

Products Inc Tl3 Symtron Systems Inc 412 Systron Donner 415 Task Force Tips Inc (KK

Products) 519 Tempest Technology

Corporation 814 Tempo Glove

Manufacturing Inc 409 TEXmiddotTech Industries Inc 926 Trilling Medical

Technologies Inc 421 Underwriters

Laboratories Inc 425 UNM New Mexico

Engineering Institute 218 Vetter SysVepro USA 914 VSIInc 815 WS Darley amp Co 925 Walter Kidde Aerospace

Inc 809 Wing Enterprises Inc 420 Win sol Laboratories

Cost Plus 805 I

Zero Corporation 125224 J

I

FM BRICK INDUSTRIES 26 MODERN DAY MARINE MILITARY EXPOSmON Cmiddot4

Directory 8

KT CORP vs NBC The Complete NBC Defense Specialist

bull MF-11 Military Respirator

bull VAS-2 Improved communications in an NBC or HAZMAT environment

bull M5 or M10 MicroClimate Cooling Units (MCCU) to beat heat stress

bull Permeable protective uniforms overboots and gloves

bull Liquid and gas agent detection

SEE PROGRAM FOR COMPLETE COMPANY PROFILE

KT CORPORATION 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497

(203) 3n-5900 FAX (203) 3n-Sm

Telex 282983 KTCORP UR

bull FIRE RESIS1-NG bull bull SMOKE SUPPRESSING bull bull PAINTS AND COATINGS bull SPACE AGE TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS INC

4536 West Lawrence Ave Chicago Illinois 60630

HARRY I SHAYMAN Phone 312725-0404

TEMPO GLOVE MFG INC 3820 W Wisconsin Avenue

Milwaukee WI 53208 Phone 414-344-1100

Out of State 1-800-558-8520

GSA 5-1-88 to 4-30-90 GS-07F-16055

FIRE GLOVESHOODS ONLY

DICK MANDLMAN Industrlal-Flreflghting-Outdoor

o 0 000

WORKSHOP HIGHLIGHTS In general the workshops conform to the recentlyformed DFPA

committees and the Workshop Chairmen are also the Committee Chairmen

MATERIALS Chairman Dale L Trout -Jefferson Room

Materials are the key to fire protection because it is generally not possible to eliminate ignition sources or oxygen (ampom the fire triangle) Materials include everything from hydraulic fluids to cable insulation paints regular clothing and composites and the retardants that can be added to these materials

DESIGN Chairman David Geer - Kennedy Room

The Design Worlcshop will focus on System Design for Survivability and Performance and include a look at how electrical circuit breakers do or do not provide adequate fire protection Powder Packs that protect fuel cells and hydraulic fluid reservoirs and computer based fire models

EQUIPMENT Chairman C Dean Perry - lincoln Room

We have experienced extraordinary leaps in fire fighting equipment over the past several years One of the most spectacular equipments is the Land Harpoon which will be discussed during this session

HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONSIDERATIONS Chairman Emory Champney -Roosevelt Room

Ibis Worlcshop covers elements involved in developing a hazard assessment an actual assessment of a shipboard scenario and risk analysis which addresses the chance or probability of injury or damage Dr Robert Tapscott will di~ss The HalonOzone Problem Technological Approaches Presentations will also be made by 10 DiPinto of DuPont RB Cbuke of Benjamin CIadre Associates and J Hall of the National Fire Protection Association

EDUCATION amp TRAINING Chairman David Joynt -Jefferson Room

This Worlcshop will include presentations on Leam Not to Burn and the safety features of the 19F Series Shipboard Firefighting Trainers

COATINGS amp INSULATION Chairman George Hidy - Kennedy Room

Coatings and Insulations are an integral part of an effective fire protection program They are used to insulate and keep fuel heat andmiddotoxygen separate Because they can add to the fire load it is important that fire retardant non-smoking non-toxic coatings and insulations be cbosen This worlcshop emphasizes this pressing issue and specifically focuses on new technologies and solutions

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION Chairmen Dr Wesley Clayton amp Mr Gary Hilbert- lincoln Room

This committeeworlcshop will focus on the Health Effects of Fire Bill McCutcheon from Cairns Brothers will provide a detailed presentation on protective clothing and helmets at this session

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION Chairman Bill Cullen -Arlington Room

Mr Tim Foreman from the Office of the Secretary of Defense will provide a detailed explanation of the government acquisition process and estimates of government needs for fire protection equipment

10 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

o 0 000

DEMONSTRATIONS The following are the currently planned demonstrations in tenative order

(Actual order will depend upon weather)

PYROTENAX USA INC BAKER SAFETY EQUIPMENT INC ROCKWOOD SYSTEMS CORP Mr Alvin Steinbach Mr Ralph Baker Mr Juanita Kuattila 5462 Treefrog Place Pyles Lane 640 E Main St Columbia MD 21045 New Castle DE 19720 PO Box 810 301-997-5105 302-652-7080 Lancaster TX 75146 Uses amp benefits of mineral insulated Simulated Safety Drop from Hyatt 214-227-3100

cable for wiring critical circuits Regency (30 Min) Foam Application

WING ENTERPRISES INC KT CORPORATION Mr Steve Gamer Mr WE Gutman SKEDCO 2241 South Larsen Parkway 300 Long Beach Blvd Mr Bud Calkin Provo UT 84601 Stratford CT 06497 16420 W 72nd Avenue PO Box 801-375-9620 203-377-5900 230366 The unique fire fighting capabilities of Voice Amplification amp Personal Alert Portland OR 97224

the Little Giant Ladder System (5 Min) 503-639-2119

NATIONAL DRAEGER INC Patient Packaging MAN-SAF TECHNOLOGIES INC Mr Ray Clarke Mr Chuck Ferguson 10 I Tech Drive 4022 Old Bardstown Road Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 DOWNEY INC Louisville KY 40218 412-787-8383 Ms Dianne Drake 502-499-9999 National Draegers Mobile 45 foot SCBA 12650 C Lake Ridge Drive

Training Center which permits users to Lake Ridge VA 22192 XmiddotSTlNG a new unique safety attachmiddot learn about their SCBA and their abUity to 703-550-8033

ment that fits most oxylfuel cutting-weldshy perform under stressfullbut controlled Fire Retardant Corrugated Boxes ing torches and converts torch immedishy conditions (45 Min) Duocom portable ately into afire extinguisher with the lift of two-man decompression chamber HOLMATRO INC afinger (15 Min) Mr Peter Penoyar

412 Headquarters Drive PARATECH INC PO Box 99

ARC AIR COMPANY Mr Peter Nielsen Millersville MD 21108 Mr James A Horwath 1025 Lambrecht Rd 301-987-6633 PO Box 406 Frankfort IT 60423 Rescue tooL LancasterOH 43130 815-469-3911 614-653-5618 Air bags Air Gun 40 - Paknammer 90 SPACEmiddotAGE TECHNOLOGY Portable exothermic cutting system forcible entry pneumatic tools (30middot45 PRODUCTS INC

SUCE

Min) Mr Harry Shayman 4536 West Lawrence Avenue

EASTPORT INTERNATIONAL INC Chicago IL 60630 AMERICAN HEAT SAFETY VIDEO Mr Michael Higgins 312-725-0404

PRODUCTIONS INC 501 Prince Georges Blvd Mr John Leonard Upper Marlboro MD 20772 A carton is painted with Tough 240 Souriegn Ct Suite C 30 1-249-3300 Coat Paint then fire is applied with St Louis MO 63011 a torch to show the resistive qualities 800-722-2443 Eastports SPAAT Product Using a comshy of the toughcoat paint The paper

pressed Air Driven Tool cut through a carton is constructed in much the Various Videos on Fire Suppression and Mock-up of an aircraft section amp apply a same manner as a furnace using

Emergency Medical Services fire-fighting agent (C02) paper flues

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 11

o 0 0 0 0 DEMONSTRATIONS (Continued)

that combines real-time communications TEMPEST TECHNOLOGY CORshyTASK FORCE TIPS INC (KK with georelational decision support With PORATIONPRODUCTS) nearly 400 systems in use on the US Mr Charles M WilliardMr Douglas C McMillan Canada and the Carribean the EIS Route 7 Box 916 2800 E Evans Ave operates at crisis scenes on portable comshy Boone NC 28607 Valparaiso IN 46383 puters and communicates back to a netshy 704-264-5880219-462-6161 worked operations center by telephone Positive Pressure Ventilation Use theUse of automatic pressure regulating satellite and pocket radio Users include tempest Power Blower and a Non-toxic nozzle with differentfoam types utilizing local and state government military bases electric smoke generator to show the the TFT foam jet air aspirating attachshyand private corporations The action of a advantages of this machines ability toment

clear smoke quicker and safer than EIS Response Team in Jamaica in the days VSIINC negative pressure ventilation following hurricane Gilbert will be highshyMr John Laudennilk

lighted in the presentation W S DARLEY amp CO335 Lake Seminary Circle Mr Paul C Darley - Bob Spertzel EI DU PONT DE NEMOURS ampPOBox 1392 2000 Anson DrCOMPANYMaitland FL 32751 Melrose Park IL 60160 Ms Nancy M Carver407-339-0403

EAD NA-226 312-345-8050 1007 Market Street The Darley Champion HE 18 BSSMOKEMASTER Wilmington DE 19898 capable of producing over 500 GPM Portable smoke generator in producing 302-774-2692 from draft and priced about one-half the a non-toxic white fog type smoke Demonstration will consist of an inshy price of other comparable portable The Smokemasteris a lightweight (24

pumpsstant-starting exothermic cutting torch Lbs) package that requires 115 volt and that will be used on various metals and AMERICAN FIRE EQUIPMENT12-14 amps of current and can start up metallic objects Mr Clifton M Wilderin less than 30 seconds

13720 Dabney Road TEMPO GLOVE MANUFACTURshyRESEARCH ALTERNATIVES INC Woodbridge VA 22191INGINCMr Steve Johnson 703-643-1005Mr Richard Manolman 966 Hungerford Dr On Spot Chains at Booth 3820 W Wisconsin Ave Suite 3

Milwaukee WI 53208 SW VIRGINIA RESEARCH AND Rockville MD 20850 414-344-1100 DEVELOPMENT301-424-2803

Mr Walt Hennan Fire Gloves amp HoodsA large screen demonstration using a POBox 1175MALYNE ENTERPRISES Sony projector to display the computer Abingdon VA 24210Mr Ronald Krempasky capabilities for locating and fighting 703-628-12615731 Palmer Way Suite C-lhazardous materials using the emergenshyA live-fire ofthe LAND-HARPOON toCarlsbad CA 92008 cy information systemschemical version

619-931-1231 show how it works and the ease ofextinshy(EISC) software guishing a fire or controlling a chemical IDEANETICS SIMULATORS SYS Overview There is no more spatially spillMr Edward Wright dependent fonn of management than the

SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC management of crisis Whether the crisis 6413 Glenroy St Mr Frank Cerven is a natural disaster military action or San Diego CA 92120 17-01 Pollitt Drive 619-286-3718technological accident the geography of

A 35 mm slide is projected on a screen the event and the spatial distribution of PO Box 950 (aircraft barracks shopping mall etc) FairLawnNJ 07410vulnerable populations and resource

201-794-0200supply systems is a primary detenninant as the slide is being projeted simulated Hull insulation Fire Trainer from the of decision options fire and smoke are introduced to the fire

21Cl2 Training Systems 0As a result the graphic and geographic scene in theform ofrealistic animation display of decision support infonnation is The trainees respond to what they see criticaJ to the management of crisis and hear just as they would at a actual

This presentation details the real-world fire The training officer can instantly applications of the Emergency Infonnashy change the fire behaviors as he responds tion System Software a crisis-proven tool to the trainees decisions

12 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

CALL FOR PAPERS DEMONSTRATIONS amp EXHIBITS

FIRST ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MILIT ARY FIRE PROTECTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION

VIRGINIA BEACH PAVILION NORFOLK VIRGINIA AREA

October 16-19 1989

AREAS

Aircraft - Surface Ships - Aircraft Carriers - Submarines - Land Combat and Tracked Vehicles - Military Facilities Buildings and Housing - Munitions

TOPICS

subrnitledto

MATERIALS bull Passive Fire Protection Materials bull Fabrics and Clothing (Regular and Protective) bull Structural and Fabricated Materials bull Composites bull Paints and Coatings bull Hydraulic Fluids Oils and Greases bull Outfitting and Furnishing Materials (Including

Furniture Bedding amp Linens) bull Power and Signal Cables bull Thermal and Acoustic Insulations and Wallboard bull Packaging Containers and Wood

DESIGN bull Electrical amp Electronic Systems bull Design Features bull Maintenance Practices

EQUIPMENT bull FireFlameSmoke Detectors and Activation

Systems bull Firefighting Equipment bull Fire Suppressants bull Emergency Medical Supplies

HAZARD ASSESSMENT amp RISK

EDUCATION amp TRAINING

bull Training Plans bull Technical Information and Training Materials bull Simulators and Trainers

COATING AND INSULATION

bull Coatings bull Sealants bull Fire Blocking Materials bull Insulating Materials

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION

bull Respiratory Protection bull Protective Clothing

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION bull Government Procurement Organizations bull Government Procurement Procedures bull Performance Specifications amp Commercial

Item Descriptions bull Non-development Items bull Logistics Support

F EAT U R E THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE DEFENSE

FIRE FIGHTING AT SEA By Senator John McCain

(From an address to the DFPA Membership Hyatt Regency Hotel Crystal City Arlington Va on February 231988)

I t seems a bit strange given all the talk we hear about advanced technology to be standing here today and to have

to talk about fire fighting We spend so much time talking about smart weapons that we often fail to remember they hit things and that some of these things are our ships

I suspect that sailors are particularly prone to ignore the risks involved in being hit We have no place to run to We also tend to ignore risks of fire in spite of centuries oflessons to the contrary It may be that being surrounded by water makes it harder to think about fire but more seriously I suspect that many of us really dont want to think about the consequenshyces of a really major fire aboard ship

Nevertheless naval firefighting is as imshyportant as all the missiles aircraft and black boxes that make up todays Navy We sawall too clearly in World War II how many times firefighting decided whether a carrier or major surface ship would surshyvive an air or torpedo attack

I personally have seen the horror of a major carrier fire that was the result of an accident not an enemy strike and which killed hundreds of my fellow crewman

The Navy took these fires seriously It made many individual improvements imshymediately In 1979 it formed an aircraft carrier flag level firefighting steering committee In 1982 it formed a surshyvivability review group to review design practices and to try to improve surshyvivability Both these groups are still in operation

In 1983-1984 the CNO added a special ship survivability program to Navy design activity which concentrated on passive fire protection These activities led to the alteration of nearly 300 ships

14

Long before the Falklands these measures led to better training better crew protection more firefighting equipment the use of halon firefighting systems and kevlar back-up of metal armor

Nevertheless the Falklands again taught us the importance of firefighting The British lost more warships to fires and bomb disposal problems than to any other cause They found out that sophisticated weapons cannot be blocked with sophistishycated defenses

The British had to learn the hard way the costs of the tendency to slack off on firefighting training and equipment in time of peace Like us they tended to think in terms of our weapons and equipshyment The Royal Navy was never quite able to find enough training time It tended to squeeze its readiness and equipshyment budgets When push came to shove it tended to ignore the problem of fire until one started

Equally important they learned that most sophisticated defenses present very special fire fighting problems

bull They suffered from a tendency to over centralize all control functions in the battle center of a ship

bull They tended to over-automate the basic functions of a ship including fire fighting

bull They tended to fill a ship with wire This broke down the compartmenshytalization of the ship and created a massive and poisonous fire hazard

bull Finally the need to keep adding anshytennas and weapons led them to make ships top heavy and to use less armor This made ships and comshypartments easier to penetrate and made many barriers so thin that heat spread fire from section to section as well as trapped and often killed the crew

Defense Fire Protection Association

Now I suspect that many of you are already beginning to think of the USS STARK Unfortunately many of these lessons from the Falklands did apply to our own experience in the Persian Gulf

This was not because we refused to learn from other navies The Navy paid careful attention to what happened in the Falklands It conducted an in depth study in 1984 to determine how it should change its ship designs and fire fighting methods This panel identified 87 individual lesshysons of which 25 were already covered by existing practices 21 required refineshymentsand41 required changes Some47 design lessons came out of the conflict

A special damage controlfirefighting working group was also set up which I think many of you are already aware of As I understand it this forums annual meetings have already led to hundreds of recommendations and several hundred have already been evaluated or approved

The problem with the STARK was that it takes years to redesign and rebuild ships and once again the problem of limited resources and competing priorities intervened

I am not going to get into to the details of the debate between the Captain of the STARK and the Navy I am in no position to judge the causes that led to an Exocet hitting the ship Nevertheless it is clear that the Navy had not had time to make the improvements it had learned from the Falklands

Further we still had additional lessons to learn on our own In fact if it had not been for an incredible job of firefighting -which was only possible because other ships could come to the support of the STARK without having to worry about further attack-we would have lost the ship to two small missiles designed to temporarily incapacitate combat ships rather than sink them

Directory

o 0 000 This incidentally is a key lesson we all

need to bear in mind in talking about firefighting Accidents and incidents are not war Our ships in the Gulf were not really then in harms way in the Gulf as they would be in war We had other comshybat ships in support that could devote full time to aiding the STARK we had a tug with firefighting capability and we had USAF and Saudi air cover

In combat we could have been dealing with multiple strikes on a US Reet by Soviet missiles with at least five times the explosive of the Exocet In combat the STARK would have sunk its limited firefighting supplies would have quickly been exhausted and many more of its crew would have burned to death

But lets turn back to what happened to the STARK I know you have all read about the attack and many will have studied the Blue Ribbon Report on the incident The key points are that two very small missiles hit an FFG 7 Class Ship and they started a major fire

Both missiles hit the port side of the hull forward They ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a transverse watertight bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing through two berthing areas One did not explode but the propellant burned at about 3000 degrees fahrenheit and started a fire The second missile then hit at roughly the same point It exploded and fueled the fire in the same general area

The two missiles set all combustibles in the berthing compartment on fire The firemain pressure was too low to be usable and there was fire in the compartshyment under the RADAR-IFF-CIC or Ricer Room The fire was fed by the polyvinyl chloride jacketing on electrical cables

To use purely technical tenns all hell broke lose In spite of the fact the crew rushed in a portable pump the fire spread vertically by conduction It burned the ricer space and the combat infonnation center Ifit had not been for a commercial salvage tug the ability to get emergency equipment and breathing apparatus from other ships and the rescue and assistance teams from nearby ships we could have lost the STARK and possibly much of its crew As it stands we lost 37 crewmen although no one was killed or seriously wounded during the firefighting efforts

I think the Navy can be proud of the speed with which it reacted to the STARK incident The Secretary of the Navy apshypointed a Blue Ribbon Panel to study the survivability of current ships and the changes to be made in future designs

The main conclusions of this panel were to support the conclusions the Navy had already drawn from the fighting in the Falklands but had not had time to act upon They were

bull To rush relocation of fire pump location and the isolation and resitshying of the firemains

bull To improve drainage of fire fighting water on the top deck

bull To improve fire insulation on bulkheads and vital decks

bull To improve smoke control and the numbers and capabilities of deshysmoking equipment

bull To reduce the load of combustibles and particularly of electrical cables

bull To rush the deployment of imshyproved portable fire fighting equipshyment including wire free damage control communications equipshyment equipment for cutting through bulkheads and decks breathing equipment firefighter protective clothing and dewatering pumps

Now these are all technical solutions which you are better equipped to judge than I am but the Navy also laid out new plans for ship design and improvement upgrades doctrine and procedures for firefighting survivability funding RampD into countering the anti-ship missile threat materials RampD and a host of other issues

Further it not only developed recomshymendations for backfitting it is considershying rules that would only allow deviations from ship survivability design principles if they were directly approved by the CNO on the advice of COMNAVshySEASYSCOM

Is this enough No I am sure it is not We have to live in a world where killing mechanisms improve as fast as defenses We never are going to be able to solve our problems by standing still or simply by using better active defense and annor As long as our enemies create smarter and better weapons we are going to need smarter and better fire fighters

This however gentlemen is where you come in You may be cheaper than an Aegis cruiser but you are at least as imshyportant If you cant help us learn the next set offirefighting lessons now before we have to learn them the hard way we are going to lose more men and ships This will be especially true if we have to learn our lessons in war

I hope you are going to spare us from having to learn the hard way Let me also say as a fonner naval aviator that I hope youll keep reminding us of how imporshytant firefighting really is and that we need to give it the proper resources Much as I love airplanes I also love having a place to land It can get lonely when that place it burningO

(Continued from page 6)

The Proceedings and Report of DFPAs February 1988 Symposium and the May 1987 Symposium includes over 100 recommenshydations to make our military vehicles more firesafe and survivable includes texts of speakers addresses list of participants the 15 workshop reports and descriptions of exhibits and seminars This will be supplemented with proceedings from the Oct 88 Norfolk Fire Protection Conference

Directories of fire resistant materials fire protection safety and survivability equipment and systems features and technologies and associated sourcesO

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 15

F EAT U R E

SHIPBOARDFURN~HINGS

HIGHER STANDARDS NEEDED NOW By Mr Al Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc

Within little more than a year the Persian Gulf USS Stark incishydent and the USS Boneish fire

in the Atlantic have dramatically emshyphasized the consequences of fire on board ships The loss of the Sheffield in the Falklands preceded those incidents all of which further emphasize the need for only the safest of outfittings and furnishshyings with regard to flame propagation smoke emission and toxicity

Coincidental with the time frame of the aforementioned events the US Navy specification for flame resistant cushionshying (furniture bedding etc) to be used on board naval vessels MIL-R-20092 has undergone revision and the present L vershysion has been changed to a performance specification from its former material (polychloroprene) specification There is no doubt that a lot of diligent hard effort has been put forth by the specifying inshyfluences connected with MIL-R-20092 and shipboard habitability in general A performance standard theoretically brings about greater competition and subsequent economic benefits for the Services and thats good for the taxpayer The specifiers have done their usual good job but they simply havent gone far enough to give our fighting men the ultimate in fire safety when comparing current state of the art in small scale testing versus the present reshyquirements of MIL-R-20092 That parshyticular specification demands a little fine tuning ie a little tightening up with respect to flammability That statement has more impact ifone believes that it may be before live fire testing evolves

In the interim there is a test method readily available which at least one govemmental entity believes will closely and accurately correlate andor predict full scale (live fire test) results That entity is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the test method is ASTM Eshy906-83 entitled Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

To paraphrase the ASTM description of the test method it can be used to detershymine the release rates of heat and visible smoke from materials and products when exposed to different levels of radiant heat testing same under a constant imposed external heat flux that may be varied upshywards to thousands ofdegrees Fahrenheit

The FAA after full scale fire tests conshyducted numerous laboratory tests to corshyrelate possible material qualification test methods with those full scale tests The net result was that ASTM E-906-83 also known as the Ohio State University (OSU) rate ofheat release apparatus was determined to he the most suitable and demonstrated that it would accurately predict what could be expected of interior materials in typical post-crash fires

At this point we must take note of a certain logic connected with the FAA studies that appears to correlate closely with the shipboard environment in event of fire The FAA finds that there is a significant correlation between flamshymability and toxic emissions and that the severe hazard from toxic emissions ocshycurs as a result oflashover infires involvshying interior materials Thus the FAAs improved flammability standards inshydirectly address toxicity by requiring the use ofinterior materials with reduced heat release rates that delay or prevent the onset of flashover (a condition when high levels of toxic emissions occur) Moreover the FAA claims that the corshyrelation of the rate of heat release tests with full scale tests has demonstrated that heat release is an indication of flame spread a point which must be emshyphasized

In summation a strong recommendation must be made for revision of the present MIL-R-20092 specification which will provide for inclusion of ASTM E-906-83 at a radiant heat flux of 35 watts per square centimeter (35wcm2) The recommendation is strengthened by the following observations

Defense Fire Protection Association

bull The OSU heat release rate apparatus appears to closely and accurately predict full scale test results Lengthy FAA testshying appears to demonstrate unquesshytionable correlation

bull The FAA believes the present demonstrated correlation is sufficient to proceed with use of the OSU test apshyparatus and will enhance the level of fire safety

bull The OSU apparatus appears to be reasonably available (as opposed to wideshyly available) in the United States Fifteen independent labs currently use the OSU rate of heat release apparatus for nonshyaircraft applications One quite naturalshyIy is in use at OSU on a consulting basis and as the need arises other labs will undoubtedly acquire the apparatus

bull The apparatus does not appear to be prohibitively costly

bull The use of the OSU apparatus will result in improved flammability standards for at least the time being in aircraft inteshyriors and those standards will provide adshyditional egress time in the event of emershygency

In very simplistic terms we are recomshymending that several years of hard effort and the expenditure of many dollars by the FAA be considered by the services in order to provide the most stringent yet practical specification governing flexible materials used for furniture and bedding

For the moment quite frankly it would appear that the wheel does not have to be re-invented It is already in place and needs only to be utilized in order to make a good specification an even better oneO

SOURCES

1 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Federal Register 14 CPR Parts 25 and 121 Improved Flanunability Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Transport Category Airplane Cabins

2 American Society For Testing and Materials Designation E 906-83 Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

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F EAT U R E

POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION By Charles Willard Tempest Technology Corporation

Positive pressure ventilation involshyves the introduction of air into a burning building to reduce heat and

gases and to increase visibility This process allows the fireman to get to the seat of the frre quicker and use less water to extinguish the fire It also eliminates the chance of flashover and steam bum as well as providing a more tenable working environment for the fireman

Conventional ventilation methods have generally included 2 types natural and negative pressure Natural ventilation takes advantage of the air movement outshyside a structure by using existing openshyings Negative pressure ventilation has been accomplished by placing electric fans in doors or windows to suck or pull the smoke out In negative pressure venshytilation access to the structure is blocked by the fan hanging in the door or window

There is a third type ofventilation called positive pressure This technique has many advantages and additional benefits over the other two types

Positive pressure ventilation involves the placement of high volume blowers to push out the smoke As smoke is pushed out so are heat and gases Visibility is increased and temperature is decreased allowing the fireman and water to get to the seat of the frre quicker For this reason less water is necessary to extinguish the frr and less water damage results

TRAINING REQUIRED Upon the introduction of positive presshy

sure the chance of flashover and steam burn are eliminated This is because the air flow provided by the blower gives smoke heat gases and water vapor a direction to go away from the firefighter

For proper positive pressure ventilation techniques to work training is necessary For example the practice ofbreaking winshydows to introduce fresh air all around a structure (helpful in natural or negative pressure ventilation) is a disadvantage in positive pressure The integrity of the structure should be maintained In most cases only a window or door in the room of fire origin would be opened

The dangerous duty of vertical ventilashytion through the roof is greatly reduced as most fire can be ventilated horizontally

Positive pressure ventilation as a fire attack technique is being used with great success and has many applications which have not yet been realized In general the fire can be extinguished faster cleaner and safer than conventional techniques and greatly reduce property damageO

Defense Fire Protection AssociationDirectory 17

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

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o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

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Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

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o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

~SYMTRON _ SYSTEMS inc

17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

FORMERLY AUSTIN ELECTRONICS

IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

CHANGES WELL CHANGE THISD

254ACounIyUneRcL Hatboro PA 19040

(215) 443-5008

OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

27

o 0 000

Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

Directory 28

o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

29

o 0 000

Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

Navy Tough Magnum Powerful Holmatroreg Magnum Force tradePHARS

(Portable Hydraulic Access and Rescue System)

Low Weight The lightest tools in the world

Strongest Forces 33000 Ibs of spreading force 63400 Ibs of cutting force

State-of-the-art technology compact power superior quality and maneuverability

= HOLMATROreg MAGNUM FORCE SERIEStrade

Holmatro Inc PO Box 99 Millersville MD 21108

o 0 000

ABOUTDFPA

DFP A is a not forprofit educational scientific tax exempt association with members from over 96 government and military organizations and 133 companies DFPA

membership comes from a cross section of all the disciplines of the fire service and the scientific and academic communities DFPA serves as a forum for government and industry interacshytions DFPA also coordinates and disseminates pertinent inforshymation about military fire fighting fire safe materials military fire protection practices organizations and individuals DFP As interest include all aspects of fire protection safety surshyvivability hazard reduction environmental issues government acquisition practices and public-private and domestic-foreign fire protection DFPAs overall purpose is to assist the Departshyment of Defense in eliminating injuries illnesses deaths and property damage due to fires

DFPA has its origins in the Navy Passive Fire Protection (PFP) program and two PFP symposia in 1984 and 1985 These meetings yielded large enthusiastic turnouts opened exchanges of information and sparked many initiatives DFPA expanded the scope of these symposia to include active fire protection detection suppression etc and increased representation from the Army and Air Force DFPA held its first Symposium in Annapolis Maryland in May 1987 The tragic fire aboard the USS Stark three days after the first symposium strengthened DFPAs resolve to become an effective dynamic organization that truly serves the armed forces

DFPA held a series of training courses in September 1987 and provided briefings to various groups including the Submarine Fire Protection Committee in November 1987 These events laid the groundwork for the Second Annual DFPA Symposium and Materials amp Technology Exposition in February 1988 Over 450 individuals attended representing 68 government agencies and 152 companies The symposium focused on establishing closer working relationships between government and industry and included 16 seminars 15 workshops 75 exhibitors and presenshytation of fire protection technologies materials and equipments The speakers included Senator John McCain (R-AZ) who is a strong proponent of fire safety and was on the flight deck of the USS Forestall as a Navy pilot during the fire that took 137 lives Congressman Charles Bennett (D-FL) Chairman of the Seapower Subcommittee ofthe Armed Services Committee and Congresswoman Beverly Byron (D-MD) a member of the Fire Service Caucus now the third largest caucus on capitol hill and other government leaders

DFPAs recently completed Fire Protection Conference in Norshyfolk Virginia used dynamic demonstrations and live fire burns to show innovative advances in fire protection technology to a varied cross-section of military end-users Demonstrations included new Passive Fire Protection materials fabrics sealants packaging coatings furnishings new fire suppresshysants pumps fire fighting rescue and safety equipments

respiratory protection equipment and protective clothing In his official report ofthis conference Mr Joseph K Taussig Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of the Navy for Safety and Survivability stated The DFPA meeting at the Chamberlin Hotel in Hampton Virginia was of significiant importance

Congressional and governmental leaders have recently enshycouraged DFPA to expand its scope to assist in solving private sector fire problems In particular Congressman Curt Weldon (R-PA) founder and chairman of the Fire Services Caucus has asked that DFPA assist in funneling military fire protection technologies materials and equipment between the private and public sectors DFPA plans to do this in close coordination with the members of the Fire Service Council and other associations as a means of sharing new technology and fire protection inforshymation between the private and public sectors Furthermore DFPA has come to realize that the United States is the world leader in military fire protection and despite shortcomings has the potential to become the world leader in fire protection technologies and equipment

DFPA PROVIDES THE FOLLOWING SPECIFIC SERVICES

Symposia Expositions and Conferences emphasizing demonstrations live fire burns exhibits and workshops for presentations of new technologies materials and equipment to increase awareness educate facilitate dialogues between the user and the manufacturersupplier and provide a forum atmosshyphere where Government agencies all the military services and industry listen to each other and work together

Databases directories and pUblications bull The DFPA Glossary of Fire Protection Acquisition

Logistics and Related Terms provides an up to date dicshytionary of government acquisition contractual logistics and fire protection safety and survivability terms It is sorted by acronym to long name and long name to acronym and definition It is a necessary tool for any individual that deals or would like to deal with the government

bull Guide to the Federal Acquisition Process Helps guide DFP A member companies through the governments comshyplex acquisition process and the equally complex orshyganizational structure

FEDFIREPER Directory of government and military pershysonnel and organizations involved with fire protection safety survivability and acquisition

bull Newsletters and bulletins and opportunities for professhysional growth and development FEDFIRE - 1989 DFPA Planning Guide and Calendar provides planning guidelines that outline how the work required to make our vehicles and facilities more fire safe could be planned general acquisition plans calendars and directories of DFP A members member companies and member comshypany Products amp Services

(Continued on page 15)

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 6

SLICEreg Pack- New cutting technology for fast entry and rescue

Youve got only seconds But now seconds are all you need to cut through just about anything Quickly and safely With the new SLICE Pack cutting system

bull Rapid Entry Carry SLICE Pack and youll cut or burn through virtually any barrier that stands in your way Steel doors and barred windows Locks and deadshybolts Even pierce cement block Cut through it all with the easy-to-use SLICE exothermic torch and rods

bull Rapid Rescue A building collapses A victim is trapshyped But even concrete and strucshytural steel are no match for you when you carry SLICE Pack It cuts through metallic non-metallic and composite materials So SLICE Pack gives you an all-purpose tool for fast victim extrication

bull Everything You Need

Specifications and equipment are subject to change

SLICE Pack lets you set up and start cutting last with a rugged carrying case containing everything you need You get the SLICE torch acshycessorres rechargeable power supshyply room for a 40 cubic foot oxygen bottle and a full complement of safety gear

bull Free Booklet Learn more about the versatile and rapid SLICE Pack cutting system Circle the number below or contact us directly at the Arcair Company Lancaster Ohio 43130 (phone 614shy653-5618) Concord Ontario Canada 9440 Erembodegem Belshygium Mexico 13 D F Mexico GPO 6700 Hong Kong

A subsdary of tft7j 8TOODY DELOAO BTELLITE INC

THE ARCAIR COMPANY HAS BEEN AWARDED THE CONTRACT TO SUPPL Y THE SLICE FLEET PACK TO THE US NAVY

o 0 000

COMPANY

Alpha Associates Inc Amatex Corporation American Fire Equipment American Godiva Inc American Heat Safety Video

Productions Inc AMKUSInc Ansul SpillX Products

Arcair Company Artificial Intelligence

Applications Ashland Carbon

Fibers Astra Software Corporation Automatic Sprinkler Corp

of America Baker Safety Equipment

Inc Beltran Inc Bio Marine Inc Cairns amp Brothers Inc Carlon - (A division of Lamson amp Sessions Co)

Channing L Bete Co Inc Chemron Inc Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc CSD Sealing Systems DC Filter amp Chemical Inc Downey Inc CCA Duraline Division of JB

Nottingham amp Co Inc EI Du Pont de Nemours amp

Company Eagle Air Systems Eastport International Inc Edwards amp Cromwell Elkhart Brass Flammadur Corporation of

America Hale Fire Pump Co Hardwood Plywood Assn Hevi DutyNelson - A Unit

of General Signal

PYRONOVA HOLMATRO ARCAIR SPACE AGE TECH

PRODUCTS INC

BOOTH

414 TIl 915 312

408 820921

121 T9

124

T12 701

II7

413 110 813 320

216 704 319 214

326

225

221 416 119 115 419

601 605606 602

424

EXHIBIT LOCATOR COMPANY BOOTH

Hoechst Celanese Corp 525 Holmatro Inc 702 HTL Division Pacific

Scientific 324 Ideanetics Simulators Sys 923 Industrial Scientific Corp 317 Ingersoll-Rand Company 418 International Association of Fire Chiefs 803

International Environment Technologies Ltd 912

International Safety Instruments Inc 219

J Rock Associates 116 King Fisher Co 220 KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc) 519

KT Corporation T5 Life Support Products Inc 802 Malyne Enterprises 111 MAN-SAF Technologies

Inc 521 Martin Marietta Aero amp

Naval Systems 113 Masonite Corporation 108 Medical Plastics

Laboratory 102 Micromiddot Turbo North America 919 Military Firefighters Mag Militec Inc Mine Safety Appliances Co Mustang Mfg Inc National Draeger Inc National Fire Hose Corp North American Fire Guardian

Paratech Inc Perma Glo Ind Inc Peter Pirsch Co Phoenix Rescue Tools Pyrocap (Unified Ind) Pyrotenax USA Inc Racal Health amp Safety Inc Ranger Rescue Equipment

215 804 603 806 109 315

104 325 120 118 316 818 114 604 107

INDEX OF ADVERTISERS

3 5 7

9

KT CORPORATION TEMPO GLOVE MFG INC AMERICAN FIRE EQUIP WATERJEL SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC

9 9

17 20 26

Defense Fire Protection Association

COMPANY BOOTH

Ranpak Corporation 100 RAVA Corporation WI Research Alternatives Inc 703 Robotronics Inc 927 Rockwood Systems Corp 321 ROLL-O-MATIC Inc 318 SW Virginia Research

and Development Corporation 103

SKEDCO 217 Sorrento Engineering Inc 417 Southwest Research

Institute 924 Space Age Technology

Products Inc Tl3 Symtron Systems Inc 412 Systron Donner 415 Task Force Tips Inc (KK

Products) 519 Tempest Technology

Corporation 814 Tempo Glove

Manufacturing Inc 409 TEXmiddotTech Industries Inc 926 Trilling Medical

Technologies Inc 421 Underwriters

Laboratories Inc 425 UNM New Mexico

Engineering Institute 218 Vetter SysVepro USA 914 VSIInc 815 WS Darley amp Co 925 Walter Kidde Aerospace

Inc 809 Wing Enterprises Inc 420 Win sol Laboratories

Cost Plus 805 I

Zero Corporation 125224 J

I

FM BRICK INDUSTRIES 26 MODERN DAY MARINE MILITARY EXPOSmON Cmiddot4

Directory 8

KT CORP vs NBC The Complete NBC Defense Specialist

bull MF-11 Military Respirator

bull VAS-2 Improved communications in an NBC or HAZMAT environment

bull M5 or M10 MicroClimate Cooling Units (MCCU) to beat heat stress

bull Permeable protective uniforms overboots and gloves

bull Liquid and gas agent detection

SEE PROGRAM FOR COMPLETE COMPANY PROFILE

KT CORPORATION 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497

(203) 3n-5900 FAX (203) 3n-Sm

Telex 282983 KTCORP UR

bull FIRE RESIS1-NG bull bull SMOKE SUPPRESSING bull bull PAINTS AND COATINGS bull SPACE AGE TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS INC

4536 West Lawrence Ave Chicago Illinois 60630

HARRY I SHAYMAN Phone 312725-0404

TEMPO GLOVE MFG INC 3820 W Wisconsin Avenue

Milwaukee WI 53208 Phone 414-344-1100

Out of State 1-800-558-8520

GSA 5-1-88 to 4-30-90 GS-07F-16055

FIRE GLOVESHOODS ONLY

DICK MANDLMAN Industrlal-Flreflghting-Outdoor

o 0 000

WORKSHOP HIGHLIGHTS In general the workshops conform to the recentlyformed DFPA

committees and the Workshop Chairmen are also the Committee Chairmen

MATERIALS Chairman Dale L Trout -Jefferson Room

Materials are the key to fire protection because it is generally not possible to eliminate ignition sources or oxygen (ampom the fire triangle) Materials include everything from hydraulic fluids to cable insulation paints regular clothing and composites and the retardants that can be added to these materials

DESIGN Chairman David Geer - Kennedy Room

The Design Worlcshop will focus on System Design for Survivability and Performance and include a look at how electrical circuit breakers do or do not provide adequate fire protection Powder Packs that protect fuel cells and hydraulic fluid reservoirs and computer based fire models

EQUIPMENT Chairman C Dean Perry - lincoln Room

We have experienced extraordinary leaps in fire fighting equipment over the past several years One of the most spectacular equipments is the Land Harpoon which will be discussed during this session

HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONSIDERATIONS Chairman Emory Champney -Roosevelt Room

Ibis Worlcshop covers elements involved in developing a hazard assessment an actual assessment of a shipboard scenario and risk analysis which addresses the chance or probability of injury or damage Dr Robert Tapscott will di~ss The HalonOzone Problem Technological Approaches Presentations will also be made by 10 DiPinto of DuPont RB Cbuke of Benjamin CIadre Associates and J Hall of the National Fire Protection Association

EDUCATION amp TRAINING Chairman David Joynt -Jefferson Room

This Worlcshop will include presentations on Leam Not to Burn and the safety features of the 19F Series Shipboard Firefighting Trainers

COATINGS amp INSULATION Chairman George Hidy - Kennedy Room

Coatings and Insulations are an integral part of an effective fire protection program They are used to insulate and keep fuel heat andmiddotoxygen separate Because they can add to the fire load it is important that fire retardant non-smoking non-toxic coatings and insulations be cbosen This worlcshop emphasizes this pressing issue and specifically focuses on new technologies and solutions

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION Chairmen Dr Wesley Clayton amp Mr Gary Hilbert- lincoln Room

This committeeworlcshop will focus on the Health Effects of Fire Bill McCutcheon from Cairns Brothers will provide a detailed presentation on protective clothing and helmets at this session

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION Chairman Bill Cullen -Arlington Room

Mr Tim Foreman from the Office of the Secretary of Defense will provide a detailed explanation of the government acquisition process and estimates of government needs for fire protection equipment

10 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

o 0 000

DEMONSTRATIONS The following are the currently planned demonstrations in tenative order

(Actual order will depend upon weather)

PYROTENAX USA INC BAKER SAFETY EQUIPMENT INC ROCKWOOD SYSTEMS CORP Mr Alvin Steinbach Mr Ralph Baker Mr Juanita Kuattila 5462 Treefrog Place Pyles Lane 640 E Main St Columbia MD 21045 New Castle DE 19720 PO Box 810 301-997-5105 302-652-7080 Lancaster TX 75146 Uses amp benefits of mineral insulated Simulated Safety Drop from Hyatt 214-227-3100

cable for wiring critical circuits Regency (30 Min) Foam Application

WING ENTERPRISES INC KT CORPORATION Mr Steve Gamer Mr WE Gutman SKEDCO 2241 South Larsen Parkway 300 Long Beach Blvd Mr Bud Calkin Provo UT 84601 Stratford CT 06497 16420 W 72nd Avenue PO Box 801-375-9620 203-377-5900 230366 The unique fire fighting capabilities of Voice Amplification amp Personal Alert Portland OR 97224

the Little Giant Ladder System (5 Min) 503-639-2119

NATIONAL DRAEGER INC Patient Packaging MAN-SAF TECHNOLOGIES INC Mr Ray Clarke Mr Chuck Ferguson 10 I Tech Drive 4022 Old Bardstown Road Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 DOWNEY INC Louisville KY 40218 412-787-8383 Ms Dianne Drake 502-499-9999 National Draegers Mobile 45 foot SCBA 12650 C Lake Ridge Drive

Training Center which permits users to Lake Ridge VA 22192 XmiddotSTlNG a new unique safety attachmiddot learn about their SCBA and their abUity to 703-550-8033

ment that fits most oxylfuel cutting-weldshy perform under stressfullbut controlled Fire Retardant Corrugated Boxes ing torches and converts torch immedishy conditions (45 Min) Duocom portable ately into afire extinguisher with the lift of two-man decompression chamber HOLMATRO INC afinger (15 Min) Mr Peter Penoyar

412 Headquarters Drive PARATECH INC PO Box 99

ARC AIR COMPANY Mr Peter Nielsen Millersville MD 21108 Mr James A Horwath 1025 Lambrecht Rd 301-987-6633 PO Box 406 Frankfort IT 60423 Rescue tooL LancasterOH 43130 815-469-3911 614-653-5618 Air bags Air Gun 40 - Paknammer 90 SPACEmiddotAGE TECHNOLOGY Portable exothermic cutting system forcible entry pneumatic tools (30middot45 PRODUCTS INC

SUCE

Min) Mr Harry Shayman 4536 West Lawrence Avenue

EASTPORT INTERNATIONAL INC Chicago IL 60630 AMERICAN HEAT SAFETY VIDEO Mr Michael Higgins 312-725-0404

PRODUCTIONS INC 501 Prince Georges Blvd Mr John Leonard Upper Marlboro MD 20772 A carton is painted with Tough 240 Souriegn Ct Suite C 30 1-249-3300 Coat Paint then fire is applied with St Louis MO 63011 a torch to show the resistive qualities 800-722-2443 Eastports SPAAT Product Using a comshy of the toughcoat paint The paper

pressed Air Driven Tool cut through a carton is constructed in much the Various Videos on Fire Suppression and Mock-up of an aircraft section amp apply a same manner as a furnace using

Emergency Medical Services fire-fighting agent (C02) paper flues

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 11

o 0 0 0 0 DEMONSTRATIONS (Continued)

that combines real-time communications TEMPEST TECHNOLOGY CORshyTASK FORCE TIPS INC (KK with georelational decision support With PORATIONPRODUCTS) nearly 400 systems in use on the US Mr Charles M WilliardMr Douglas C McMillan Canada and the Carribean the EIS Route 7 Box 916 2800 E Evans Ave operates at crisis scenes on portable comshy Boone NC 28607 Valparaiso IN 46383 puters and communicates back to a netshy 704-264-5880219-462-6161 worked operations center by telephone Positive Pressure Ventilation Use theUse of automatic pressure regulating satellite and pocket radio Users include tempest Power Blower and a Non-toxic nozzle with differentfoam types utilizing local and state government military bases electric smoke generator to show the the TFT foam jet air aspirating attachshyand private corporations The action of a advantages of this machines ability toment

clear smoke quicker and safer than EIS Response Team in Jamaica in the days VSIINC negative pressure ventilation following hurricane Gilbert will be highshyMr John Laudennilk

lighted in the presentation W S DARLEY amp CO335 Lake Seminary Circle Mr Paul C Darley - Bob Spertzel EI DU PONT DE NEMOURS ampPOBox 1392 2000 Anson DrCOMPANYMaitland FL 32751 Melrose Park IL 60160 Ms Nancy M Carver407-339-0403

EAD NA-226 312-345-8050 1007 Market Street The Darley Champion HE 18 BSSMOKEMASTER Wilmington DE 19898 capable of producing over 500 GPM Portable smoke generator in producing 302-774-2692 from draft and priced about one-half the a non-toxic white fog type smoke Demonstration will consist of an inshy price of other comparable portable The Smokemasteris a lightweight (24

pumpsstant-starting exothermic cutting torch Lbs) package that requires 115 volt and that will be used on various metals and AMERICAN FIRE EQUIPMENT12-14 amps of current and can start up metallic objects Mr Clifton M Wilderin less than 30 seconds

13720 Dabney Road TEMPO GLOVE MANUFACTURshyRESEARCH ALTERNATIVES INC Woodbridge VA 22191INGINCMr Steve Johnson 703-643-1005Mr Richard Manolman 966 Hungerford Dr On Spot Chains at Booth 3820 W Wisconsin Ave Suite 3

Milwaukee WI 53208 SW VIRGINIA RESEARCH AND Rockville MD 20850 414-344-1100 DEVELOPMENT301-424-2803

Mr Walt Hennan Fire Gloves amp HoodsA large screen demonstration using a POBox 1175MALYNE ENTERPRISES Sony projector to display the computer Abingdon VA 24210Mr Ronald Krempasky capabilities for locating and fighting 703-628-12615731 Palmer Way Suite C-lhazardous materials using the emergenshyA live-fire ofthe LAND-HARPOON toCarlsbad CA 92008 cy information systemschemical version

619-931-1231 show how it works and the ease ofextinshy(EISC) software guishing a fire or controlling a chemical IDEANETICS SIMULATORS SYS Overview There is no more spatially spillMr Edward Wright dependent fonn of management than the

SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC management of crisis Whether the crisis 6413 Glenroy St Mr Frank Cerven is a natural disaster military action or San Diego CA 92120 17-01 Pollitt Drive 619-286-3718technological accident the geography of

A 35 mm slide is projected on a screen the event and the spatial distribution of PO Box 950 (aircraft barracks shopping mall etc) FairLawnNJ 07410vulnerable populations and resource

201-794-0200supply systems is a primary detenninant as the slide is being projeted simulated Hull insulation Fire Trainer from the of decision options fire and smoke are introduced to the fire

21Cl2 Training Systems 0As a result the graphic and geographic scene in theform ofrealistic animation display of decision support infonnation is The trainees respond to what they see criticaJ to the management of crisis and hear just as they would at a actual

This presentation details the real-world fire The training officer can instantly applications of the Emergency Infonnashy change the fire behaviors as he responds tion System Software a crisis-proven tool to the trainees decisions

12 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

CALL FOR PAPERS DEMONSTRATIONS amp EXHIBITS

FIRST ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MILIT ARY FIRE PROTECTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION

VIRGINIA BEACH PAVILION NORFOLK VIRGINIA AREA

October 16-19 1989

AREAS

Aircraft - Surface Ships - Aircraft Carriers - Submarines - Land Combat and Tracked Vehicles - Military Facilities Buildings and Housing - Munitions

TOPICS

subrnitledto

MATERIALS bull Passive Fire Protection Materials bull Fabrics and Clothing (Regular and Protective) bull Structural and Fabricated Materials bull Composites bull Paints and Coatings bull Hydraulic Fluids Oils and Greases bull Outfitting and Furnishing Materials (Including

Furniture Bedding amp Linens) bull Power and Signal Cables bull Thermal and Acoustic Insulations and Wallboard bull Packaging Containers and Wood

DESIGN bull Electrical amp Electronic Systems bull Design Features bull Maintenance Practices

EQUIPMENT bull FireFlameSmoke Detectors and Activation

Systems bull Firefighting Equipment bull Fire Suppressants bull Emergency Medical Supplies

HAZARD ASSESSMENT amp RISK

EDUCATION amp TRAINING

bull Training Plans bull Technical Information and Training Materials bull Simulators and Trainers

COATING AND INSULATION

bull Coatings bull Sealants bull Fire Blocking Materials bull Insulating Materials

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION

bull Respiratory Protection bull Protective Clothing

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION bull Government Procurement Organizations bull Government Procurement Procedures bull Performance Specifications amp Commercial

Item Descriptions bull Non-development Items bull Logistics Support

F EAT U R E THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE DEFENSE

FIRE FIGHTING AT SEA By Senator John McCain

(From an address to the DFPA Membership Hyatt Regency Hotel Crystal City Arlington Va on February 231988)

I t seems a bit strange given all the talk we hear about advanced technology to be standing here today and to have

to talk about fire fighting We spend so much time talking about smart weapons that we often fail to remember they hit things and that some of these things are our ships

I suspect that sailors are particularly prone to ignore the risks involved in being hit We have no place to run to We also tend to ignore risks of fire in spite of centuries oflessons to the contrary It may be that being surrounded by water makes it harder to think about fire but more seriously I suspect that many of us really dont want to think about the consequenshyces of a really major fire aboard ship

Nevertheless naval firefighting is as imshyportant as all the missiles aircraft and black boxes that make up todays Navy We sawall too clearly in World War II how many times firefighting decided whether a carrier or major surface ship would surshyvive an air or torpedo attack

I personally have seen the horror of a major carrier fire that was the result of an accident not an enemy strike and which killed hundreds of my fellow crewman

The Navy took these fires seriously It made many individual improvements imshymediately In 1979 it formed an aircraft carrier flag level firefighting steering committee In 1982 it formed a surshyvivability review group to review design practices and to try to improve surshyvivability Both these groups are still in operation

In 1983-1984 the CNO added a special ship survivability program to Navy design activity which concentrated on passive fire protection These activities led to the alteration of nearly 300 ships

14

Long before the Falklands these measures led to better training better crew protection more firefighting equipment the use of halon firefighting systems and kevlar back-up of metal armor

Nevertheless the Falklands again taught us the importance of firefighting The British lost more warships to fires and bomb disposal problems than to any other cause They found out that sophisticated weapons cannot be blocked with sophistishycated defenses

The British had to learn the hard way the costs of the tendency to slack off on firefighting training and equipment in time of peace Like us they tended to think in terms of our weapons and equipshyment The Royal Navy was never quite able to find enough training time It tended to squeeze its readiness and equipshyment budgets When push came to shove it tended to ignore the problem of fire until one started

Equally important they learned that most sophisticated defenses present very special fire fighting problems

bull They suffered from a tendency to over centralize all control functions in the battle center of a ship

bull They tended to over-automate the basic functions of a ship including fire fighting

bull They tended to fill a ship with wire This broke down the compartmenshytalization of the ship and created a massive and poisonous fire hazard

bull Finally the need to keep adding anshytennas and weapons led them to make ships top heavy and to use less armor This made ships and comshypartments easier to penetrate and made many barriers so thin that heat spread fire from section to section as well as trapped and often killed the crew

Defense Fire Protection Association

Now I suspect that many of you are already beginning to think of the USS STARK Unfortunately many of these lessons from the Falklands did apply to our own experience in the Persian Gulf

This was not because we refused to learn from other navies The Navy paid careful attention to what happened in the Falklands It conducted an in depth study in 1984 to determine how it should change its ship designs and fire fighting methods This panel identified 87 individual lesshysons of which 25 were already covered by existing practices 21 required refineshymentsand41 required changes Some47 design lessons came out of the conflict

A special damage controlfirefighting working group was also set up which I think many of you are already aware of As I understand it this forums annual meetings have already led to hundreds of recommendations and several hundred have already been evaluated or approved

The problem with the STARK was that it takes years to redesign and rebuild ships and once again the problem of limited resources and competing priorities intervened

I am not going to get into to the details of the debate between the Captain of the STARK and the Navy I am in no position to judge the causes that led to an Exocet hitting the ship Nevertheless it is clear that the Navy had not had time to make the improvements it had learned from the Falklands

Further we still had additional lessons to learn on our own In fact if it had not been for an incredible job of firefighting -which was only possible because other ships could come to the support of the STARK without having to worry about further attack-we would have lost the ship to two small missiles designed to temporarily incapacitate combat ships rather than sink them

Directory

o 0 000 This incidentally is a key lesson we all

need to bear in mind in talking about firefighting Accidents and incidents are not war Our ships in the Gulf were not really then in harms way in the Gulf as they would be in war We had other comshybat ships in support that could devote full time to aiding the STARK we had a tug with firefighting capability and we had USAF and Saudi air cover

In combat we could have been dealing with multiple strikes on a US Reet by Soviet missiles with at least five times the explosive of the Exocet In combat the STARK would have sunk its limited firefighting supplies would have quickly been exhausted and many more of its crew would have burned to death

But lets turn back to what happened to the STARK I know you have all read about the attack and many will have studied the Blue Ribbon Report on the incident The key points are that two very small missiles hit an FFG 7 Class Ship and they started a major fire

Both missiles hit the port side of the hull forward They ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a transverse watertight bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing through two berthing areas One did not explode but the propellant burned at about 3000 degrees fahrenheit and started a fire The second missile then hit at roughly the same point It exploded and fueled the fire in the same general area

The two missiles set all combustibles in the berthing compartment on fire The firemain pressure was too low to be usable and there was fire in the compartshyment under the RADAR-IFF-CIC or Ricer Room The fire was fed by the polyvinyl chloride jacketing on electrical cables

To use purely technical tenns all hell broke lose In spite of the fact the crew rushed in a portable pump the fire spread vertically by conduction It burned the ricer space and the combat infonnation center Ifit had not been for a commercial salvage tug the ability to get emergency equipment and breathing apparatus from other ships and the rescue and assistance teams from nearby ships we could have lost the STARK and possibly much of its crew As it stands we lost 37 crewmen although no one was killed or seriously wounded during the firefighting efforts

I think the Navy can be proud of the speed with which it reacted to the STARK incident The Secretary of the Navy apshypointed a Blue Ribbon Panel to study the survivability of current ships and the changes to be made in future designs

The main conclusions of this panel were to support the conclusions the Navy had already drawn from the fighting in the Falklands but had not had time to act upon They were

bull To rush relocation of fire pump location and the isolation and resitshying of the firemains

bull To improve drainage of fire fighting water on the top deck

bull To improve fire insulation on bulkheads and vital decks

bull To improve smoke control and the numbers and capabilities of deshysmoking equipment

bull To reduce the load of combustibles and particularly of electrical cables

bull To rush the deployment of imshyproved portable fire fighting equipshyment including wire free damage control communications equipshyment equipment for cutting through bulkheads and decks breathing equipment firefighter protective clothing and dewatering pumps

Now these are all technical solutions which you are better equipped to judge than I am but the Navy also laid out new plans for ship design and improvement upgrades doctrine and procedures for firefighting survivability funding RampD into countering the anti-ship missile threat materials RampD and a host of other issues

Further it not only developed recomshymendations for backfitting it is considershying rules that would only allow deviations from ship survivability design principles if they were directly approved by the CNO on the advice of COMNAVshySEASYSCOM

Is this enough No I am sure it is not We have to live in a world where killing mechanisms improve as fast as defenses We never are going to be able to solve our problems by standing still or simply by using better active defense and annor As long as our enemies create smarter and better weapons we are going to need smarter and better fire fighters

This however gentlemen is where you come in You may be cheaper than an Aegis cruiser but you are at least as imshyportant If you cant help us learn the next set offirefighting lessons now before we have to learn them the hard way we are going to lose more men and ships This will be especially true if we have to learn our lessons in war

I hope you are going to spare us from having to learn the hard way Let me also say as a fonner naval aviator that I hope youll keep reminding us of how imporshytant firefighting really is and that we need to give it the proper resources Much as I love airplanes I also love having a place to land It can get lonely when that place it burningO

(Continued from page 6)

The Proceedings and Report of DFPAs February 1988 Symposium and the May 1987 Symposium includes over 100 recommenshydations to make our military vehicles more firesafe and survivable includes texts of speakers addresses list of participants the 15 workshop reports and descriptions of exhibits and seminars This will be supplemented with proceedings from the Oct 88 Norfolk Fire Protection Conference

Directories of fire resistant materials fire protection safety and survivability equipment and systems features and technologies and associated sourcesO

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 15

F EAT U R E

SHIPBOARDFURN~HINGS

HIGHER STANDARDS NEEDED NOW By Mr Al Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc

Within little more than a year the Persian Gulf USS Stark incishydent and the USS Boneish fire

in the Atlantic have dramatically emshyphasized the consequences of fire on board ships The loss of the Sheffield in the Falklands preceded those incidents all of which further emphasize the need for only the safest of outfittings and furnishshyings with regard to flame propagation smoke emission and toxicity

Coincidental with the time frame of the aforementioned events the US Navy specification for flame resistant cushionshying (furniture bedding etc) to be used on board naval vessels MIL-R-20092 has undergone revision and the present L vershysion has been changed to a performance specification from its former material (polychloroprene) specification There is no doubt that a lot of diligent hard effort has been put forth by the specifying inshyfluences connected with MIL-R-20092 and shipboard habitability in general A performance standard theoretically brings about greater competition and subsequent economic benefits for the Services and thats good for the taxpayer The specifiers have done their usual good job but they simply havent gone far enough to give our fighting men the ultimate in fire safety when comparing current state of the art in small scale testing versus the present reshyquirements of MIL-R-20092 That parshyticular specification demands a little fine tuning ie a little tightening up with respect to flammability That statement has more impact ifone believes that it may be before live fire testing evolves

In the interim there is a test method readily available which at least one govemmental entity believes will closely and accurately correlate andor predict full scale (live fire test) results That entity is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the test method is ASTM Eshy906-83 entitled Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

To paraphrase the ASTM description of the test method it can be used to detershymine the release rates of heat and visible smoke from materials and products when exposed to different levels of radiant heat testing same under a constant imposed external heat flux that may be varied upshywards to thousands ofdegrees Fahrenheit

The FAA after full scale fire tests conshyducted numerous laboratory tests to corshyrelate possible material qualification test methods with those full scale tests The net result was that ASTM E-906-83 also known as the Ohio State University (OSU) rate ofheat release apparatus was determined to he the most suitable and demonstrated that it would accurately predict what could be expected of interior materials in typical post-crash fires

At this point we must take note of a certain logic connected with the FAA studies that appears to correlate closely with the shipboard environment in event of fire The FAA finds that there is a significant correlation between flamshymability and toxic emissions and that the severe hazard from toxic emissions ocshycurs as a result oflashover infires involvshying interior materials Thus the FAAs improved flammability standards inshydirectly address toxicity by requiring the use ofinterior materials with reduced heat release rates that delay or prevent the onset of flashover (a condition when high levels of toxic emissions occur) Moreover the FAA claims that the corshyrelation of the rate of heat release tests with full scale tests has demonstrated that heat release is an indication of flame spread a point which must be emshyphasized

In summation a strong recommendation must be made for revision of the present MIL-R-20092 specification which will provide for inclusion of ASTM E-906-83 at a radiant heat flux of 35 watts per square centimeter (35wcm2) The recommendation is strengthened by the following observations

Defense Fire Protection Association

bull The OSU heat release rate apparatus appears to closely and accurately predict full scale test results Lengthy FAA testshying appears to demonstrate unquesshytionable correlation

bull The FAA believes the present demonstrated correlation is sufficient to proceed with use of the OSU test apshyparatus and will enhance the level of fire safety

bull The OSU apparatus appears to be reasonably available (as opposed to wideshyly available) in the United States Fifteen independent labs currently use the OSU rate of heat release apparatus for nonshyaircraft applications One quite naturalshyIy is in use at OSU on a consulting basis and as the need arises other labs will undoubtedly acquire the apparatus

bull The apparatus does not appear to be prohibitively costly

bull The use of the OSU apparatus will result in improved flammability standards for at least the time being in aircraft inteshyriors and those standards will provide adshyditional egress time in the event of emershygency

In very simplistic terms we are recomshymending that several years of hard effort and the expenditure of many dollars by the FAA be considered by the services in order to provide the most stringent yet practical specification governing flexible materials used for furniture and bedding

For the moment quite frankly it would appear that the wheel does not have to be re-invented It is already in place and needs only to be utilized in order to make a good specification an even better oneO

SOURCES

1 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Federal Register 14 CPR Parts 25 and 121 Improved Flanunability Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Transport Category Airplane Cabins

2 American Society For Testing and Materials Designation E 906-83 Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

Directory 16

F EAT U R E

POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION By Charles Willard Tempest Technology Corporation

Positive pressure ventilation involshyves the introduction of air into a burning building to reduce heat and

gases and to increase visibility This process allows the fireman to get to the seat of the frre quicker and use less water to extinguish the fire It also eliminates the chance of flashover and steam bum as well as providing a more tenable working environment for the fireman

Conventional ventilation methods have generally included 2 types natural and negative pressure Natural ventilation takes advantage of the air movement outshyside a structure by using existing openshyings Negative pressure ventilation has been accomplished by placing electric fans in doors or windows to suck or pull the smoke out In negative pressure venshytilation access to the structure is blocked by the fan hanging in the door or window

There is a third type ofventilation called positive pressure This technique has many advantages and additional benefits over the other two types

Positive pressure ventilation involves the placement of high volume blowers to push out the smoke As smoke is pushed out so are heat and gases Visibility is increased and temperature is decreased allowing the fireman and water to get to the seat of the frre quicker For this reason less water is necessary to extinguish the frr and less water damage results

TRAINING REQUIRED Upon the introduction of positive presshy

sure the chance of flashover and steam burn are eliminated This is because the air flow provided by the blower gives smoke heat gases and water vapor a direction to go away from the firefighter

For proper positive pressure ventilation techniques to work training is necessary For example the practice ofbreaking winshydows to introduce fresh air all around a structure (helpful in natural or negative pressure ventilation) is a disadvantage in positive pressure The integrity of the structure should be maintained In most cases only a window or door in the room of fire origin would be opened

The dangerous duty of vertical ventilashytion through the roof is greatly reduced as most fire can be ventilated horizontally

Positive pressure ventilation as a fire attack technique is being used with great success and has many applications which have not yet been realized In general the fire can be extinguished faster cleaner and safer than conventional techniques and greatly reduce property damageO

Defense Fire Protection AssociationDirectory 17

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

Directory 18

o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

Directory

Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

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o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

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The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

27

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Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

Directory 28

o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

29

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Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

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ABOUTDFPA

DFP A is a not forprofit educational scientific tax exempt association with members from over 96 government and military organizations and 133 companies DFPA

membership comes from a cross section of all the disciplines of the fire service and the scientific and academic communities DFPA serves as a forum for government and industry interacshytions DFPA also coordinates and disseminates pertinent inforshymation about military fire fighting fire safe materials military fire protection practices organizations and individuals DFP As interest include all aspects of fire protection safety surshyvivability hazard reduction environmental issues government acquisition practices and public-private and domestic-foreign fire protection DFPAs overall purpose is to assist the Departshyment of Defense in eliminating injuries illnesses deaths and property damage due to fires

DFPA has its origins in the Navy Passive Fire Protection (PFP) program and two PFP symposia in 1984 and 1985 These meetings yielded large enthusiastic turnouts opened exchanges of information and sparked many initiatives DFPA expanded the scope of these symposia to include active fire protection detection suppression etc and increased representation from the Army and Air Force DFPA held its first Symposium in Annapolis Maryland in May 1987 The tragic fire aboard the USS Stark three days after the first symposium strengthened DFPAs resolve to become an effective dynamic organization that truly serves the armed forces

DFPA held a series of training courses in September 1987 and provided briefings to various groups including the Submarine Fire Protection Committee in November 1987 These events laid the groundwork for the Second Annual DFPA Symposium and Materials amp Technology Exposition in February 1988 Over 450 individuals attended representing 68 government agencies and 152 companies The symposium focused on establishing closer working relationships between government and industry and included 16 seminars 15 workshops 75 exhibitors and presenshytation of fire protection technologies materials and equipments The speakers included Senator John McCain (R-AZ) who is a strong proponent of fire safety and was on the flight deck of the USS Forestall as a Navy pilot during the fire that took 137 lives Congressman Charles Bennett (D-FL) Chairman of the Seapower Subcommittee ofthe Armed Services Committee and Congresswoman Beverly Byron (D-MD) a member of the Fire Service Caucus now the third largest caucus on capitol hill and other government leaders

DFPAs recently completed Fire Protection Conference in Norshyfolk Virginia used dynamic demonstrations and live fire burns to show innovative advances in fire protection technology to a varied cross-section of military end-users Demonstrations included new Passive Fire Protection materials fabrics sealants packaging coatings furnishings new fire suppresshysants pumps fire fighting rescue and safety equipments

respiratory protection equipment and protective clothing In his official report ofthis conference Mr Joseph K Taussig Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of the Navy for Safety and Survivability stated The DFPA meeting at the Chamberlin Hotel in Hampton Virginia was of significiant importance

Congressional and governmental leaders have recently enshycouraged DFPA to expand its scope to assist in solving private sector fire problems In particular Congressman Curt Weldon (R-PA) founder and chairman of the Fire Services Caucus has asked that DFPA assist in funneling military fire protection technologies materials and equipment between the private and public sectors DFPA plans to do this in close coordination with the members of the Fire Service Council and other associations as a means of sharing new technology and fire protection inforshymation between the private and public sectors Furthermore DFPA has come to realize that the United States is the world leader in military fire protection and despite shortcomings has the potential to become the world leader in fire protection technologies and equipment

DFPA PROVIDES THE FOLLOWING SPECIFIC SERVICES

Symposia Expositions and Conferences emphasizing demonstrations live fire burns exhibits and workshops for presentations of new technologies materials and equipment to increase awareness educate facilitate dialogues between the user and the manufacturersupplier and provide a forum atmosshyphere where Government agencies all the military services and industry listen to each other and work together

Databases directories and pUblications bull The DFPA Glossary of Fire Protection Acquisition

Logistics and Related Terms provides an up to date dicshytionary of government acquisition contractual logistics and fire protection safety and survivability terms It is sorted by acronym to long name and long name to acronym and definition It is a necessary tool for any individual that deals or would like to deal with the government

bull Guide to the Federal Acquisition Process Helps guide DFP A member companies through the governments comshyplex acquisition process and the equally complex orshyganizational structure

FEDFIREPER Directory of government and military pershysonnel and organizations involved with fire protection safety survivability and acquisition

bull Newsletters and bulletins and opportunities for professhysional growth and development FEDFIRE - 1989 DFPA Planning Guide and Calendar provides planning guidelines that outline how the work required to make our vehicles and facilities more fire safe could be planned general acquisition plans calendars and directories of DFP A members member companies and member comshypany Products amp Services

(Continued on page 15)

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 6

SLICEreg Pack- New cutting technology for fast entry and rescue

Youve got only seconds But now seconds are all you need to cut through just about anything Quickly and safely With the new SLICE Pack cutting system

bull Rapid Entry Carry SLICE Pack and youll cut or burn through virtually any barrier that stands in your way Steel doors and barred windows Locks and deadshybolts Even pierce cement block Cut through it all with the easy-to-use SLICE exothermic torch and rods

bull Rapid Rescue A building collapses A victim is trapshyped But even concrete and strucshytural steel are no match for you when you carry SLICE Pack It cuts through metallic non-metallic and composite materials So SLICE Pack gives you an all-purpose tool for fast victim extrication

bull Everything You Need

Specifications and equipment are subject to change

SLICE Pack lets you set up and start cutting last with a rugged carrying case containing everything you need You get the SLICE torch acshycessorres rechargeable power supshyply room for a 40 cubic foot oxygen bottle and a full complement of safety gear

bull Free Booklet Learn more about the versatile and rapid SLICE Pack cutting system Circle the number below or contact us directly at the Arcair Company Lancaster Ohio 43130 (phone 614shy653-5618) Concord Ontario Canada 9440 Erembodegem Belshygium Mexico 13 D F Mexico GPO 6700 Hong Kong

A subsdary of tft7j 8TOODY DELOAO BTELLITE INC

THE ARCAIR COMPANY HAS BEEN AWARDED THE CONTRACT TO SUPPL Y THE SLICE FLEET PACK TO THE US NAVY

o 0 000

COMPANY

Alpha Associates Inc Amatex Corporation American Fire Equipment American Godiva Inc American Heat Safety Video

Productions Inc AMKUSInc Ansul SpillX Products

Arcair Company Artificial Intelligence

Applications Ashland Carbon

Fibers Astra Software Corporation Automatic Sprinkler Corp

of America Baker Safety Equipment

Inc Beltran Inc Bio Marine Inc Cairns amp Brothers Inc Carlon - (A division of Lamson amp Sessions Co)

Channing L Bete Co Inc Chemron Inc Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc CSD Sealing Systems DC Filter amp Chemical Inc Downey Inc CCA Duraline Division of JB

Nottingham amp Co Inc EI Du Pont de Nemours amp

Company Eagle Air Systems Eastport International Inc Edwards amp Cromwell Elkhart Brass Flammadur Corporation of

America Hale Fire Pump Co Hardwood Plywood Assn Hevi DutyNelson - A Unit

of General Signal

PYRONOVA HOLMATRO ARCAIR SPACE AGE TECH

PRODUCTS INC

BOOTH

414 TIl 915 312

408 820921

121 T9

124

T12 701

II7

413 110 813 320

216 704 319 214

326

225

221 416 119 115 419

601 605606 602

424

EXHIBIT LOCATOR COMPANY BOOTH

Hoechst Celanese Corp 525 Holmatro Inc 702 HTL Division Pacific

Scientific 324 Ideanetics Simulators Sys 923 Industrial Scientific Corp 317 Ingersoll-Rand Company 418 International Association of Fire Chiefs 803

International Environment Technologies Ltd 912

International Safety Instruments Inc 219

J Rock Associates 116 King Fisher Co 220 KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc) 519

KT Corporation T5 Life Support Products Inc 802 Malyne Enterprises 111 MAN-SAF Technologies

Inc 521 Martin Marietta Aero amp

Naval Systems 113 Masonite Corporation 108 Medical Plastics

Laboratory 102 Micromiddot Turbo North America 919 Military Firefighters Mag Militec Inc Mine Safety Appliances Co Mustang Mfg Inc National Draeger Inc National Fire Hose Corp North American Fire Guardian

Paratech Inc Perma Glo Ind Inc Peter Pirsch Co Phoenix Rescue Tools Pyrocap (Unified Ind) Pyrotenax USA Inc Racal Health amp Safety Inc Ranger Rescue Equipment

215 804 603 806 109 315

104 325 120 118 316 818 114 604 107

INDEX OF ADVERTISERS

3 5 7

9

KT CORPORATION TEMPO GLOVE MFG INC AMERICAN FIRE EQUIP WATERJEL SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC

9 9

17 20 26

Defense Fire Protection Association

COMPANY BOOTH

Ranpak Corporation 100 RAVA Corporation WI Research Alternatives Inc 703 Robotronics Inc 927 Rockwood Systems Corp 321 ROLL-O-MATIC Inc 318 SW Virginia Research

and Development Corporation 103

SKEDCO 217 Sorrento Engineering Inc 417 Southwest Research

Institute 924 Space Age Technology

Products Inc Tl3 Symtron Systems Inc 412 Systron Donner 415 Task Force Tips Inc (KK

Products) 519 Tempest Technology

Corporation 814 Tempo Glove

Manufacturing Inc 409 TEXmiddotTech Industries Inc 926 Trilling Medical

Technologies Inc 421 Underwriters

Laboratories Inc 425 UNM New Mexico

Engineering Institute 218 Vetter SysVepro USA 914 VSIInc 815 WS Darley amp Co 925 Walter Kidde Aerospace

Inc 809 Wing Enterprises Inc 420 Win sol Laboratories

Cost Plus 805 I

Zero Corporation 125224 J

I

FM BRICK INDUSTRIES 26 MODERN DAY MARINE MILITARY EXPOSmON Cmiddot4

Directory 8

KT CORP vs NBC The Complete NBC Defense Specialist

bull MF-11 Military Respirator

bull VAS-2 Improved communications in an NBC or HAZMAT environment

bull M5 or M10 MicroClimate Cooling Units (MCCU) to beat heat stress

bull Permeable protective uniforms overboots and gloves

bull Liquid and gas agent detection

SEE PROGRAM FOR COMPLETE COMPANY PROFILE

KT CORPORATION 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497

(203) 3n-5900 FAX (203) 3n-Sm

Telex 282983 KTCORP UR

bull FIRE RESIS1-NG bull bull SMOKE SUPPRESSING bull bull PAINTS AND COATINGS bull SPACE AGE TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS INC

4536 West Lawrence Ave Chicago Illinois 60630

HARRY I SHAYMAN Phone 312725-0404

TEMPO GLOVE MFG INC 3820 W Wisconsin Avenue

Milwaukee WI 53208 Phone 414-344-1100

Out of State 1-800-558-8520

GSA 5-1-88 to 4-30-90 GS-07F-16055

FIRE GLOVESHOODS ONLY

DICK MANDLMAN Industrlal-Flreflghting-Outdoor

o 0 000

WORKSHOP HIGHLIGHTS In general the workshops conform to the recentlyformed DFPA

committees and the Workshop Chairmen are also the Committee Chairmen

MATERIALS Chairman Dale L Trout -Jefferson Room

Materials are the key to fire protection because it is generally not possible to eliminate ignition sources or oxygen (ampom the fire triangle) Materials include everything from hydraulic fluids to cable insulation paints regular clothing and composites and the retardants that can be added to these materials

DESIGN Chairman David Geer - Kennedy Room

The Design Worlcshop will focus on System Design for Survivability and Performance and include a look at how electrical circuit breakers do or do not provide adequate fire protection Powder Packs that protect fuel cells and hydraulic fluid reservoirs and computer based fire models

EQUIPMENT Chairman C Dean Perry - lincoln Room

We have experienced extraordinary leaps in fire fighting equipment over the past several years One of the most spectacular equipments is the Land Harpoon which will be discussed during this session

HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONSIDERATIONS Chairman Emory Champney -Roosevelt Room

Ibis Worlcshop covers elements involved in developing a hazard assessment an actual assessment of a shipboard scenario and risk analysis which addresses the chance or probability of injury or damage Dr Robert Tapscott will di~ss The HalonOzone Problem Technological Approaches Presentations will also be made by 10 DiPinto of DuPont RB Cbuke of Benjamin CIadre Associates and J Hall of the National Fire Protection Association

EDUCATION amp TRAINING Chairman David Joynt -Jefferson Room

This Worlcshop will include presentations on Leam Not to Burn and the safety features of the 19F Series Shipboard Firefighting Trainers

COATINGS amp INSULATION Chairman George Hidy - Kennedy Room

Coatings and Insulations are an integral part of an effective fire protection program They are used to insulate and keep fuel heat andmiddotoxygen separate Because they can add to the fire load it is important that fire retardant non-smoking non-toxic coatings and insulations be cbosen This worlcshop emphasizes this pressing issue and specifically focuses on new technologies and solutions

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION Chairmen Dr Wesley Clayton amp Mr Gary Hilbert- lincoln Room

This committeeworlcshop will focus on the Health Effects of Fire Bill McCutcheon from Cairns Brothers will provide a detailed presentation on protective clothing and helmets at this session

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION Chairman Bill Cullen -Arlington Room

Mr Tim Foreman from the Office of the Secretary of Defense will provide a detailed explanation of the government acquisition process and estimates of government needs for fire protection equipment

10 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

o 0 000

DEMONSTRATIONS The following are the currently planned demonstrations in tenative order

(Actual order will depend upon weather)

PYROTENAX USA INC BAKER SAFETY EQUIPMENT INC ROCKWOOD SYSTEMS CORP Mr Alvin Steinbach Mr Ralph Baker Mr Juanita Kuattila 5462 Treefrog Place Pyles Lane 640 E Main St Columbia MD 21045 New Castle DE 19720 PO Box 810 301-997-5105 302-652-7080 Lancaster TX 75146 Uses amp benefits of mineral insulated Simulated Safety Drop from Hyatt 214-227-3100

cable for wiring critical circuits Regency (30 Min) Foam Application

WING ENTERPRISES INC KT CORPORATION Mr Steve Gamer Mr WE Gutman SKEDCO 2241 South Larsen Parkway 300 Long Beach Blvd Mr Bud Calkin Provo UT 84601 Stratford CT 06497 16420 W 72nd Avenue PO Box 801-375-9620 203-377-5900 230366 The unique fire fighting capabilities of Voice Amplification amp Personal Alert Portland OR 97224

the Little Giant Ladder System (5 Min) 503-639-2119

NATIONAL DRAEGER INC Patient Packaging MAN-SAF TECHNOLOGIES INC Mr Ray Clarke Mr Chuck Ferguson 10 I Tech Drive 4022 Old Bardstown Road Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 DOWNEY INC Louisville KY 40218 412-787-8383 Ms Dianne Drake 502-499-9999 National Draegers Mobile 45 foot SCBA 12650 C Lake Ridge Drive

Training Center which permits users to Lake Ridge VA 22192 XmiddotSTlNG a new unique safety attachmiddot learn about their SCBA and their abUity to 703-550-8033

ment that fits most oxylfuel cutting-weldshy perform under stressfullbut controlled Fire Retardant Corrugated Boxes ing torches and converts torch immedishy conditions (45 Min) Duocom portable ately into afire extinguisher with the lift of two-man decompression chamber HOLMATRO INC afinger (15 Min) Mr Peter Penoyar

412 Headquarters Drive PARATECH INC PO Box 99

ARC AIR COMPANY Mr Peter Nielsen Millersville MD 21108 Mr James A Horwath 1025 Lambrecht Rd 301-987-6633 PO Box 406 Frankfort IT 60423 Rescue tooL LancasterOH 43130 815-469-3911 614-653-5618 Air bags Air Gun 40 - Paknammer 90 SPACEmiddotAGE TECHNOLOGY Portable exothermic cutting system forcible entry pneumatic tools (30middot45 PRODUCTS INC

SUCE

Min) Mr Harry Shayman 4536 West Lawrence Avenue

EASTPORT INTERNATIONAL INC Chicago IL 60630 AMERICAN HEAT SAFETY VIDEO Mr Michael Higgins 312-725-0404

PRODUCTIONS INC 501 Prince Georges Blvd Mr John Leonard Upper Marlboro MD 20772 A carton is painted with Tough 240 Souriegn Ct Suite C 30 1-249-3300 Coat Paint then fire is applied with St Louis MO 63011 a torch to show the resistive qualities 800-722-2443 Eastports SPAAT Product Using a comshy of the toughcoat paint The paper

pressed Air Driven Tool cut through a carton is constructed in much the Various Videos on Fire Suppression and Mock-up of an aircraft section amp apply a same manner as a furnace using

Emergency Medical Services fire-fighting agent (C02) paper flues

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 11

o 0 0 0 0 DEMONSTRATIONS (Continued)

that combines real-time communications TEMPEST TECHNOLOGY CORshyTASK FORCE TIPS INC (KK with georelational decision support With PORATIONPRODUCTS) nearly 400 systems in use on the US Mr Charles M WilliardMr Douglas C McMillan Canada and the Carribean the EIS Route 7 Box 916 2800 E Evans Ave operates at crisis scenes on portable comshy Boone NC 28607 Valparaiso IN 46383 puters and communicates back to a netshy 704-264-5880219-462-6161 worked operations center by telephone Positive Pressure Ventilation Use theUse of automatic pressure regulating satellite and pocket radio Users include tempest Power Blower and a Non-toxic nozzle with differentfoam types utilizing local and state government military bases electric smoke generator to show the the TFT foam jet air aspirating attachshyand private corporations The action of a advantages of this machines ability toment

clear smoke quicker and safer than EIS Response Team in Jamaica in the days VSIINC negative pressure ventilation following hurricane Gilbert will be highshyMr John Laudennilk

lighted in the presentation W S DARLEY amp CO335 Lake Seminary Circle Mr Paul C Darley - Bob Spertzel EI DU PONT DE NEMOURS ampPOBox 1392 2000 Anson DrCOMPANYMaitland FL 32751 Melrose Park IL 60160 Ms Nancy M Carver407-339-0403

EAD NA-226 312-345-8050 1007 Market Street The Darley Champion HE 18 BSSMOKEMASTER Wilmington DE 19898 capable of producing over 500 GPM Portable smoke generator in producing 302-774-2692 from draft and priced about one-half the a non-toxic white fog type smoke Demonstration will consist of an inshy price of other comparable portable The Smokemasteris a lightweight (24

pumpsstant-starting exothermic cutting torch Lbs) package that requires 115 volt and that will be used on various metals and AMERICAN FIRE EQUIPMENT12-14 amps of current and can start up metallic objects Mr Clifton M Wilderin less than 30 seconds

13720 Dabney Road TEMPO GLOVE MANUFACTURshyRESEARCH ALTERNATIVES INC Woodbridge VA 22191INGINCMr Steve Johnson 703-643-1005Mr Richard Manolman 966 Hungerford Dr On Spot Chains at Booth 3820 W Wisconsin Ave Suite 3

Milwaukee WI 53208 SW VIRGINIA RESEARCH AND Rockville MD 20850 414-344-1100 DEVELOPMENT301-424-2803

Mr Walt Hennan Fire Gloves amp HoodsA large screen demonstration using a POBox 1175MALYNE ENTERPRISES Sony projector to display the computer Abingdon VA 24210Mr Ronald Krempasky capabilities for locating and fighting 703-628-12615731 Palmer Way Suite C-lhazardous materials using the emergenshyA live-fire ofthe LAND-HARPOON toCarlsbad CA 92008 cy information systemschemical version

619-931-1231 show how it works and the ease ofextinshy(EISC) software guishing a fire or controlling a chemical IDEANETICS SIMULATORS SYS Overview There is no more spatially spillMr Edward Wright dependent fonn of management than the

SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC management of crisis Whether the crisis 6413 Glenroy St Mr Frank Cerven is a natural disaster military action or San Diego CA 92120 17-01 Pollitt Drive 619-286-3718technological accident the geography of

A 35 mm slide is projected on a screen the event and the spatial distribution of PO Box 950 (aircraft barracks shopping mall etc) FairLawnNJ 07410vulnerable populations and resource

201-794-0200supply systems is a primary detenninant as the slide is being projeted simulated Hull insulation Fire Trainer from the of decision options fire and smoke are introduced to the fire

21Cl2 Training Systems 0As a result the graphic and geographic scene in theform ofrealistic animation display of decision support infonnation is The trainees respond to what they see criticaJ to the management of crisis and hear just as they would at a actual

This presentation details the real-world fire The training officer can instantly applications of the Emergency Infonnashy change the fire behaviors as he responds tion System Software a crisis-proven tool to the trainees decisions

12 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

CALL FOR PAPERS DEMONSTRATIONS amp EXHIBITS

FIRST ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MILIT ARY FIRE PROTECTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION

VIRGINIA BEACH PAVILION NORFOLK VIRGINIA AREA

October 16-19 1989

AREAS

Aircraft - Surface Ships - Aircraft Carriers - Submarines - Land Combat and Tracked Vehicles - Military Facilities Buildings and Housing - Munitions

TOPICS

subrnitledto

MATERIALS bull Passive Fire Protection Materials bull Fabrics and Clothing (Regular and Protective) bull Structural and Fabricated Materials bull Composites bull Paints and Coatings bull Hydraulic Fluids Oils and Greases bull Outfitting and Furnishing Materials (Including

Furniture Bedding amp Linens) bull Power and Signal Cables bull Thermal and Acoustic Insulations and Wallboard bull Packaging Containers and Wood

DESIGN bull Electrical amp Electronic Systems bull Design Features bull Maintenance Practices

EQUIPMENT bull FireFlameSmoke Detectors and Activation

Systems bull Firefighting Equipment bull Fire Suppressants bull Emergency Medical Supplies

HAZARD ASSESSMENT amp RISK

EDUCATION amp TRAINING

bull Training Plans bull Technical Information and Training Materials bull Simulators and Trainers

COATING AND INSULATION

bull Coatings bull Sealants bull Fire Blocking Materials bull Insulating Materials

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION

bull Respiratory Protection bull Protective Clothing

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION bull Government Procurement Organizations bull Government Procurement Procedures bull Performance Specifications amp Commercial

Item Descriptions bull Non-development Items bull Logistics Support

F EAT U R E THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE DEFENSE

FIRE FIGHTING AT SEA By Senator John McCain

(From an address to the DFPA Membership Hyatt Regency Hotel Crystal City Arlington Va on February 231988)

I t seems a bit strange given all the talk we hear about advanced technology to be standing here today and to have

to talk about fire fighting We spend so much time talking about smart weapons that we often fail to remember they hit things and that some of these things are our ships

I suspect that sailors are particularly prone to ignore the risks involved in being hit We have no place to run to We also tend to ignore risks of fire in spite of centuries oflessons to the contrary It may be that being surrounded by water makes it harder to think about fire but more seriously I suspect that many of us really dont want to think about the consequenshyces of a really major fire aboard ship

Nevertheless naval firefighting is as imshyportant as all the missiles aircraft and black boxes that make up todays Navy We sawall too clearly in World War II how many times firefighting decided whether a carrier or major surface ship would surshyvive an air or torpedo attack

I personally have seen the horror of a major carrier fire that was the result of an accident not an enemy strike and which killed hundreds of my fellow crewman

The Navy took these fires seriously It made many individual improvements imshymediately In 1979 it formed an aircraft carrier flag level firefighting steering committee In 1982 it formed a surshyvivability review group to review design practices and to try to improve surshyvivability Both these groups are still in operation

In 1983-1984 the CNO added a special ship survivability program to Navy design activity which concentrated on passive fire protection These activities led to the alteration of nearly 300 ships

14

Long before the Falklands these measures led to better training better crew protection more firefighting equipment the use of halon firefighting systems and kevlar back-up of metal armor

Nevertheless the Falklands again taught us the importance of firefighting The British lost more warships to fires and bomb disposal problems than to any other cause They found out that sophisticated weapons cannot be blocked with sophistishycated defenses

The British had to learn the hard way the costs of the tendency to slack off on firefighting training and equipment in time of peace Like us they tended to think in terms of our weapons and equipshyment The Royal Navy was never quite able to find enough training time It tended to squeeze its readiness and equipshyment budgets When push came to shove it tended to ignore the problem of fire until one started

Equally important they learned that most sophisticated defenses present very special fire fighting problems

bull They suffered from a tendency to over centralize all control functions in the battle center of a ship

bull They tended to over-automate the basic functions of a ship including fire fighting

bull They tended to fill a ship with wire This broke down the compartmenshytalization of the ship and created a massive and poisonous fire hazard

bull Finally the need to keep adding anshytennas and weapons led them to make ships top heavy and to use less armor This made ships and comshypartments easier to penetrate and made many barriers so thin that heat spread fire from section to section as well as trapped and often killed the crew

Defense Fire Protection Association

Now I suspect that many of you are already beginning to think of the USS STARK Unfortunately many of these lessons from the Falklands did apply to our own experience in the Persian Gulf

This was not because we refused to learn from other navies The Navy paid careful attention to what happened in the Falklands It conducted an in depth study in 1984 to determine how it should change its ship designs and fire fighting methods This panel identified 87 individual lesshysons of which 25 were already covered by existing practices 21 required refineshymentsand41 required changes Some47 design lessons came out of the conflict

A special damage controlfirefighting working group was also set up which I think many of you are already aware of As I understand it this forums annual meetings have already led to hundreds of recommendations and several hundred have already been evaluated or approved

The problem with the STARK was that it takes years to redesign and rebuild ships and once again the problem of limited resources and competing priorities intervened

I am not going to get into to the details of the debate between the Captain of the STARK and the Navy I am in no position to judge the causes that led to an Exocet hitting the ship Nevertheless it is clear that the Navy had not had time to make the improvements it had learned from the Falklands

Further we still had additional lessons to learn on our own In fact if it had not been for an incredible job of firefighting -which was only possible because other ships could come to the support of the STARK without having to worry about further attack-we would have lost the ship to two small missiles designed to temporarily incapacitate combat ships rather than sink them

Directory

o 0 000 This incidentally is a key lesson we all

need to bear in mind in talking about firefighting Accidents and incidents are not war Our ships in the Gulf were not really then in harms way in the Gulf as they would be in war We had other comshybat ships in support that could devote full time to aiding the STARK we had a tug with firefighting capability and we had USAF and Saudi air cover

In combat we could have been dealing with multiple strikes on a US Reet by Soviet missiles with at least five times the explosive of the Exocet In combat the STARK would have sunk its limited firefighting supplies would have quickly been exhausted and many more of its crew would have burned to death

But lets turn back to what happened to the STARK I know you have all read about the attack and many will have studied the Blue Ribbon Report on the incident The key points are that two very small missiles hit an FFG 7 Class Ship and they started a major fire

Both missiles hit the port side of the hull forward They ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a transverse watertight bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing through two berthing areas One did not explode but the propellant burned at about 3000 degrees fahrenheit and started a fire The second missile then hit at roughly the same point It exploded and fueled the fire in the same general area

The two missiles set all combustibles in the berthing compartment on fire The firemain pressure was too low to be usable and there was fire in the compartshyment under the RADAR-IFF-CIC or Ricer Room The fire was fed by the polyvinyl chloride jacketing on electrical cables

To use purely technical tenns all hell broke lose In spite of the fact the crew rushed in a portable pump the fire spread vertically by conduction It burned the ricer space and the combat infonnation center Ifit had not been for a commercial salvage tug the ability to get emergency equipment and breathing apparatus from other ships and the rescue and assistance teams from nearby ships we could have lost the STARK and possibly much of its crew As it stands we lost 37 crewmen although no one was killed or seriously wounded during the firefighting efforts

I think the Navy can be proud of the speed with which it reacted to the STARK incident The Secretary of the Navy apshypointed a Blue Ribbon Panel to study the survivability of current ships and the changes to be made in future designs

The main conclusions of this panel were to support the conclusions the Navy had already drawn from the fighting in the Falklands but had not had time to act upon They were

bull To rush relocation of fire pump location and the isolation and resitshying of the firemains

bull To improve drainage of fire fighting water on the top deck

bull To improve fire insulation on bulkheads and vital decks

bull To improve smoke control and the numbers and capabilities of deshysmoking equipment

bull To reduce the load of combustibles and particularly of electrical cables

bull To rush the deployment of imshyproved portable fire fighting equipshyment including wire free damage control communications equipshyment equipment for cutting through bulkheads and decks breathing equipment firefighter protective clothing and dewatering pumps

Now these are all technical solutions which you are better equipped to judge than I am but the Navy also laid out new plans for ship design and improvement upgrades doctrine and procedures for firefighting survivability funding RampD into countering the anti-ship missile threat materials RampD and a host of other issues

Further it not only developed recomshymendations for backfitting it is considershying rules that would only allow deviations from ship survivability design principles if they were directly approved by the CNO on the advice of COMNAVshySEASYSCOM

Is this enough No I am sure it is not We have to live in a world where killing mechanisms improve as fast as defenses We never are going to be able to solve our problems by standing still or simply by using better active defense and annor As long as our enemies create smarter and better weapons we are going to need smarter and better fire fighters

This however gentlemen is where you come in You may be cheaper than an Aegis cruiser but you are at least as imshyportant If you cant help us learn the next set offirefighting lessons now before we have to learn them the hard way we are going to lose more men and ships This will be especially true if we have to learn our lessons in war

I hope you are going to spare us from having to learn the hard way Let me also say as a fonner naval aviator that I hope youll keep reminding us of how imporshytant firefighting really is and that we need to give it the proper resources Much as I love airplanes I also love having a place to land It can get lonely when that place it burningO

(Continued from page 6)

The Proceedings and Report of DFPAs February 1988 Symposium and the May 1987 Symposium includes over 100 recommenshydations to make our military vehicles more firesafe and survivable includes texts of speakers addresses list of participants the 15 workshop reports and descriptions of exhibits and seminars This will be supplemented with proceedings from the Oct 88 Norfolk Fire Protection Conference

Directories of fire resistant materials fire protection safety and survivability equipment and systems features and technologies and associated sourcesO

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 15

F EAT U R E

SHIPBOARDFURN~HINGS

HIGHER STANDARDS NEEDED NOW By Mr Al Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc

Within little more than a year the Persian Gulf USS Stark incishydent and the USS Boneish fire

in the Atlantic have dramatically emshyphasized the consequences of fire on board ships The loss of the Sheffield in the Falklands preceded those incidents all of which further emphasize the need for only the safest of outfittings and furnishshyings with regard to flame propagation smoke emission and toxicity

Coincidental with the time frame of the aforementioned events the US Navy specification for flame resistant cushionshying (furniture bedding etc) to be used on board naval vessels MIL-R-20092 has undergone revision and the present L vershysion has been changed to a performance specification from its former material (polychloroprene) specification There is no doubt that a lot of diligent hard effort has been put forth by the specifying inshyfluences connected with MIL-R-20092 and shipboard habitability in general A performance standard theoretically brings about greater competition and subsequent economic benefits for the Services and thats good for the taxpayer The specifiers have done their usual good job but they simply havent gone far enough to give our fighting men the ultimate in fire safety when comparing current state of the art in small scale testing versus the present reshyquirements of MIL-R-20092 That parshyticular specification demands a little fine tuning ie a little tightening up with respect to flammability That statement has more impact ifone believes that it may be before live fire testing evolves

In the interim there is a test method readily available which at least one govemmental entity believes will closely and accurately correlate andor predict full scale (live fire test) results That entity is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the test method is ASTM Eshy906-83 entitled Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

To paraphrase the ASTM description of the test method it can be used to detershymine the release rates of heat and visible smoke from materials and products when exposed to different levels of radiant heat testing same under a constant imposed external heat flux that may be varied upshywards to thousands ofdegrees Fahrenheit

The FAA after full scale fire tests conshyducted numerous laboratory tests to corshyrelate possible material qualification test methods with those full scale tests The net result was that ASTM E-906-83 also known as the Ohio State University (OSU) rate ofheat release apparatus was determined to he the most suitable and demonstrated that it would accurately predict what could be expected of interior materials in typical post-crash fires

At this point we must take note of a certain logic connected with the FAA studies that appears to correlate closely with the shipboard environment in event of fire The FAA finds that there is a significant correlation between flamshymability and toxic emissions and that the severe hazard from toxic emissions ocshycurs as a result oflashover infires involvshying interior materials Thus the FAAs improved flammability standards inshydirectly address toxicity by requiring the use ofinterior materials with reduced heat release rates that delay or prevent the onset of flashover (a condition when high levels of toxic emissions occur) Moreover the FAA claims that the corshyrelation of the rate of heat release tests with full scale tests has demonstrated that heat release is an indication of flame spread a point which must be emshyphasized

In summation a strong recommendation must be made for revision of the present MIL-R-20092 specification which will provide for inclusion of ASTM E-906-83 at a radiant heat flux of 35 watts per square centimeter (35wcm2) The recommendation is strengthened by the following observations

Defense Fire Protection Association

bull The OSU heat release rate apparatus appears to closely and accurately predict full scale test results Lengthy FAA testshying appears to demonstrate unquesshytionable correlation

bull The FAA believes the present demonstrated correlation is sufficient to proceed with use of the OSU test apshyparatus and will enhance the level of fire safety

bull The OSU apparatus appears to be reasonably available (as opposed to wideshyly available) in the United States Fifteen independent labs currently use the OSU rate of heat release apparatus for nonshyaircraft applications One quite naturalshyIy is in use at OSU on a consulting basis and as the need arises other labs will undoubtedly acquire the apparatus

bull The apparatus does not appear to be prohibitively costly

bull The use of the OSU apparatus will result in improved flammability standards for at least the time being in aircraft inteshyriors and those standards will provide adshyditional egress time in the event of emershygency

In very simplistic terms we are recomshymending that several years of hard effort and the expenditure of many dollars by the FAA be considered by the services in order to provide the most stringent yet practical specification governing flexible materials used for furniture and bedding

For the moment quite frankly it would appear that the wheel does not have to be re-invented It is already in place and needs only to be utilized in order to make a good specification an even better oneO

SOURCES

1 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Federal Register 14 CPR Parts 25 and 121 Improved Flanunability Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Transport Category Airplane Cabins

2 American Society For Testing and Materials Designation E 906-83 Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

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F EAT U R E

POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION By Charles Willard Tempest Technology Corporation

Positive pressure ventilation involshyves the introduction of air into a burning building to reduce heat and

gases and to increase visibility This process allows the fireman to get to the seat of the frre quicker and use less water to extinguish the fire It also eliminates the chance of flashover and steam bum as well as providing a more tenable working environment for the fireman

Conventional ventilation methods have generally included 2 types natural and negative pressure Natural ventilation takes advantage of the air movement outshyside a structure by using existing openshyings Negative pressure ventilation has been accomplished by placing electric fans in doors or windows to suck or pull the smoke out In negative pressure venshytilation access to the structure is blocked by the fan hanging in the door or window

There is a third type ofventilation called positive pressure This technique has many advantages and additional benefits over the other two types

Positive pressure ventilation involves the placement of high volume blowers to push out the smoke As smoke is pushed out so are heat and gases Visibility is increased and temperature is decreased allowing the fireman and water to get to the seat of the frre quicker For this reason less water is necessary to extinguish the frr and less water damage results

TRAINING REQUIRED Upon the introduction of positive presshy

sure the chance of flashover and steam burn are eliminated This is because the air flow provided by the blower gives smoke heat gases and water vapor a direction to go away from the firefighter

For proper positive pressure ventilation techniques to work training is necessary For example the practice ofbreaking winshydows to introduce fresh air all around a structure (helpful in natural or negative pressure ventilation) is a disadvantage in positive pressure The integrity of the structure should be maintained In most cases only a window or door in the room of fire origin would be opened

The dangerous duty of vertical ventilashytion through the roof is greatly reduced as most fire can be ventilated horizontally

Positive pressure ventilation as a fire attack technique is being used with great success and has many applications which have not yet been realized In general the fire can be extinguished faster cleaner and safer than conventional techniques and greatly reduce property damageO

Defense Fire Protection AssociationDirectory 17

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

Directory 18

o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

Directory

Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

INTRODUCING FOUR OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE

FIRE EMERGENCY PRODUCTS AVAIl ABLE

1EMERGENCY BURN CARE Water-Jellowers and stabilizes skin temperature easing the pain and calming the patient And because Water-Jel is bacteriostatic covered wounds are protected from further contamination

2EXTINGUISHES FLAME ON VICTIM When victim is covered with Water-Iel flame is put out It also prevents burn progression by immediately cooling down the victim

Introducing Water-Jel shya revolutionary multi-use product for emergency burn care and fire protecshytion Its so fast and easy to use it will totally change the way you approach fire emergencies

No special training is required Just open the patented Water-Jel packet or container and apply the gel-soaked special carrier This Simple one-step product is ideal for all potential fire or burn areas including emergency medical

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o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

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TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

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17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

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IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

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OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

27

o 0 000

Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

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Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

29

o 0 000

Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

SLICEreg Pack- New cutting technology for fast entry and rescue

Youve got only seconds But now seconds are all you need to cut through just about anything Quickly and safely With the new SLICE Pack cutting system

bull Rapid Entry Carry SLICE Pack and youll cut or burn through virtually any barrier that stands in your way Steel doors and barred windows Locks and deadshybolts Even pierce cement block Cut through it all with the easy-to-use SLICE exothermic torch and rods

bull Rapid Rescue A building collapses A victim is trapshyped But even concrete and strucshytural steel are no match for you when you carry SLICE Pack It cuts through metallic non-metallic and composite materials So SLICE Pack gives you an all-purpose tool for fast victim extrication

bull Everything You Need

Specifications and equipment are subject to change

SLICE Pack lets you set up and start cutting last with a rugged carrying case containing everything you need You get the SLICE torch acshycessorres rechargeable power supshyply room for a 40 cubic foot oxygen bottle and a full complement of safety gear

bull Free Booklet Learn more about the versatile and rapid SLICE Pack cutting system Circle the number below or contact us directly at the Arcair Company Lancaster Ohio 43130 (phone 614shy653-5618) Concord Ontario Canada 9440 Erembodegem Belshygium Mexico 13 D F Mexico GPO 6700 Hong Kong

A subsdary of tft7j 8TOODY DELOAO BTELLITE INC

THE ARCAIR COMPANY HAS BEEN AWARDED THE CONTRACT TO SUPPL Y THE SLICE FLEET PACK TO THE US NAVY

o 0 000

COMPANY

Alpha Associates Inc Amatex Corporation American Fire Equipment American Godiva Inc American Heat Safety Video

Productions Inc AMKUSInc Ansul SpillX Products

Arcair Company Artificial Intelligence

Applications Ashland Carbon

Fibers Astra Software Corporation Automatic Sprinkler Corp

of America Baker Safety Equipment

Inc Beltran Inc Bio Marine Inc Cairns amp Brothers Inc Carlon - (A division of Lamson amp Sessions Co)

Channing L Bete Co Inc Chemron Inc Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc CSD Sealing Systems DC Filter amp Chemical Inc Downey Inc CCA Duraline Division of JB

Nottingham amp Co Inc EI Du Pont de Nemours amp

Company Eagle Air Systems Eastport International Inc Edwards amp Cromwell Elkhart Brass Flammadur Corporation of

America Hale Fire Pump Co Hardwood Plywood Assn Hevi DutyNelson - A Unit

of General Signal

PYRONOVA HOLMATRO ARCAIR SPACE AGE TECH

PRODUCTS INC

BOOTH

414 TIl 915 312

408 820921

121 T9

124

T12 701

II7

413 110 813 320

216 704 319 214

326

225

221 416 119 115 419

601 605606 602

424

EXHIBIT LOCATOR COMPANY BOOTH

Hoechst Celanese Corp 525 Holmatro Inc 702 HTL Division Pacific

Scientific 324 Ideanetics Simulators Sys 923 Industrial Scientific Corp 317 Ingersoll-Rand Company 418 International Association of Fire Chiefs 803

International Environment Technologies Ltd 912

International Safety Instruments Inc 219

J Rock Associates 116 King Fisher Co 220 KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc) 519

KT Corporation T5 Life Support Products Inc 802 Malyne Enterprises 111 MAN-SAF Technologies

Inc 521 Martin Marietta Aero amp

Naval Systems 113 Masonite Corporation 108 Medical Plastics

Laboratory 102 Micromiddot Turbo North America 919 Military Firefighters Mag Militec Inc Mine Safety Appliances Co Mustang Mfg Inc National Draeger Inc National Fire Hose Corp North American Fire Guardian

Paratech Inc Perma Glo Ind Inc Peter Pirsch Co Phoenix Rescue Tools Pyrocap (Unified Ind) Pyrotenax USA Inc Racal Health amp Safety Inc Ranger Rescue Equipment

215 804 603 806 109 315

104 325 120 118 316 818 114 604 107

INDEX OF ADVERTISERS

3 5 7

9

KT CORPORATION TEMPO GLOVE MFG INC AMERICAN FIRE EQUIP WATERJEL SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC

9 9

17 20 26

Defense Fire Protection Association

COMPANY BOOTH

Ranpak Corporation 100 RAVA Corporation WI Research Alternatives Inc 703 Robotronics Inc 927 Rockwood Systems Corp 321 ROLL-O-MATIC Inc 318 SW Virginia Research

and Development Corporation 103

SKEDCO 217 Sorrento Engineering Inc 417 Southwest Research

Institute 924 Space Age Technology

Products Inc Tl3 Symtron Systems Inc 412 Systron Donner 415 Task Force Tips Inc (KK

Products) 519 Tempest Technology

Corporation 814 Tempo Glove

Manufacturing Inc 409 TEXmiddotTech Industries Inc 926 Trilling Medical

Technologies Inc 421 Underwriters

Laboratories Inc 425 UNM New Mexico

Engineering Institute 218 Vetter SysVepro USA 914 VSIInc 815 WS Darley amp Co 925 Walter Kidde Aerospace

Inc 809 Wing Enterprises Inc 420 Win sol Laboratories

Cost Plus 805 I

Zero Corporation 125224 J

I

FM BRICK INDUSTRIES 26 MODERN DAY MARINE MILITARY EXPOSmON Cmiddot4

Directory 8

KT CORP vs NBC The Complete NBC Defense Specialist

bull MF-11 Military Respirator

bull VAS-2 Improved communications in an NBC or HAZMAT environment

bull M5 or M10 MicroClimate Cooling Units (MCCU) to beat heat stress

bull Permeable protective uniforms overboots and gloves

bull Liquid and gas agent detection

SEE PROGRAM FOR COMPLETE COMPANY PROFILE

KT CORPORATION 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497

(203) 3n-5900 FAX (203) 3n-Sm

Telex 282983 KTCORP UR

bull FIRE RESIS1-NG bull bull SMOKE SUPPRESSING bull bull PAINTS AND COATINGS bull SPACE AGE TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS INC

4536 West Lawrence Ave Chicago Illinois 60630

HARRY I SHAYMAN Phone 312725-0404

TEMPO GLOVE MFG INC 3820 W Wisconsin Avenue

Milwaukee WI 53208 Phone 414-344-1100

Out of State 1-800-558-8520

GSA 5-1-88 to 4-30-90 GS-07F-16055

FIRE GLOVESHOODS ONLY

DICK MANDLMAN Industrlal-Flreflghting-Outdoor

o 0 000

WORKSHOP HIGHLIGHTS In general the workshops conform to the recentlyformed DFPA

committees and the Workshop Chairmen are also the Committee Chairmen

MATERIALS Chairman Dale L Trout -Jefferson Room

Materials are the key to fire protection because it is generally not possible to eliminate ignition sources or oxygen (ampom the fire triangle) Materials include everything from hydraulic fluids to cable insulation paints regular clothing and composites and the retardants that can be added to these materials

DESIGN Chairman David Geer - Kennedy Room

The Design Worlcshop will focus on System Design for Survivability and Performance and include a look at how electrical circuit breakers do or do not provide adequate fire protection Powder Packs that protect fuel cells and hydraulic fluid reservoirs and computer based fire models

EQUIPMENT Chairman C Dean Perry - lincoln Room

We have experienced extraordinary leaps in fire fighting equipment over the past several years One of the most spectacular equipments is the Land Harpoon which will be discussed during this session

HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONSIDERATIONS Chairman Emory Champney -Roosevelt Room

Ibis Worlcshop covers elements involved in developing a hazard assessment an actual assessment of a shipboard scenario and risk analysis which addresses the chance or probability of injury or damage Dr Robert Tapscott will di~ss The HalonOzone Problem Technological Approaches Presentations will also be made by 10 DiPinto of DuPont RB Cbuke of Benjamin CIadre Associates and J Hall of the National Fire Protection Association

EDUCATION amp TRAINING Chairman David Joynt -Jefferson Room

This Worlcshop will include presentations on Leam Not to Burn and the safety features of the 19F Series Shipboard Firefighting Trainers

COATINGS amp INSULATION Chairman George Hidy - Kennedy Room

Coatings and Insulations are an integral part of an effective fire protection program They are used to insulate and keep fuel heat andmiddotoxygen separate Because they can add to the fire load it is important that fire retardant non-smoking non-toxic coatings and insulations be cbosen This worlcshop emphasizes this pressing issue and specifically focuses on new technologies and solutions

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION Chairmen Dr Wesley Clayton amp Mr Gary Hilbert- lincoln Room

This committeeworlcshop will focus on the Health Effects of Fire Bill McCutcheon from Cairns Brothers will provide a detailed presentation on protective clothing and helmets at this session

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION Chairman Bill Cullen -Arlington Room

Mr Tim Foreman from the Office of the Secretary of Defense will provide a detailed explanation of the government acquisition process and estimates of government needs for fire protection equipment

10 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

o 0 000

DEMONSTRATIONS The following are the currently planned demonstrations in tenative order

(Actual order will depend upon weather)

PYROTENAX USA INC BAKER SAFETY EQUIPMENT INC ROCKWOOD SYSTEMS CORP Mr Alvin Steinbach Mr Ralph Baker Mr Juanita Kuattila 5462 Treefrog Place Pyles Lane 640 E Main St Columbia MD 21045 New Castle DE 19720 PO Box 810 301-997-5105 302-652-7080 Lancaster TX 75146 Uses amp benefits of mineral insulated Simulated Safety Drop from Hyatt 214-227-3100

cable for wiring critical circuits Regency (30 Min) Foam Application

WING ENTERPRISES INC KT CORPORATION Mr Steve Gamer Mr WE Gutman SKEDCO 2241 South Larsen Parkway 300 Long Beach Blvd Mr Bud Calkin Provo UT 84601 Stratford CT 06497 16420 W 72nd Avenue PO Box 801-375-9620 203-377-5900 230366 The unique fire fighting capabilities of Voice Amplification amp Personal Alert Portland OR 97224

the Little Giant Ladder System (5 Min) 503-639-2119

NATIONAL DRAEGER INC Patient Packaging MAN-SAF TECHNOLOGIES INC Mr Ray Clarke Mr Chuck Ferguson 10 I Tech Drive 4022 Old Bardstown Road Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 DOWNEY INC Louisville KY 40218 412-787-8383 Ms Dianne Drake 502-499-9999 National Draegers Mobile 45 foot SCBA 12650 C Lake Ridge Drive

Training Center which permits users to Lake Ridge VA 22192 XmiddotSTlNG a new unique safety attachmiddot learn about their SCBA and their abUity to 703-550-8033

ment that fits most oxylfuel cutting-weldshy perform under stressfullbut controlled Fire Retardant Corrugated Boxes ing torches and converts torch immedishy conditions (45 Min) Duocom portable ately into afire extinguisher with the lift of two-man decompression chamber HOLMATRO INC afinger (15 Min) Mr Peter Penoyar

412 Headquarters Drive PARATECH INC PO Box 99

ARC AIR COMPANY Mr Peter Nielsen Millersville MD 21108 Mr James A Horwath 1025 Lambrecht Rd 301-987-6633 PO Box 406 Frankfort IT 60423 Rescue tooL LancasterOH 43130 815-469-3911 614-653-5618 Air bags Air Gun 40 - Paknammer 90 SPACEmiddotAGE TECHNOLOGY Portable exothermic cutting system forcible entry pneumatic tools (30middot45 PRODUCTS INC

SUCE

Min) Mr Harry Shayman 4536 West Lawrence Avenue

EASTPORT INTERNATIONAL INC Chicago IL 60630 AMERICAN HEAT SAFETY VIDEO Mr Michael Higgins 312-725-0404

PRODUCTIONS INC 501 Prince Georges Blvd Mr John Leonard Upper Marlboro MD 20772 A carton is painted with Tough 240 Souriegn Ct Suite C 30 1-249-3300 Coat Paint then fire is applied with St Louis MO 63011 a torch to show the resistive qualities 800-722-2443 Eastports SPAAT Product Using a comshy of the toughcoat paint The paper

pressed Air Driven Tool cut through a carton is constructed in much the Various Videos on Fire Suppression and Mock-up of an aircraft section amp apply a same manner as a furnace using

Emergency Medical Services fire-fighting agent (C02) paper flues

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 11

o 0 0 0 0 DEMONSTRATIONS (Continued)

that combines real-time communications TEMPEST TECHNOLOGY CORshyTASK FORCE TIPS INC (KK with georelational decision support With PORATIONPRODUCTS) nearly 400 systems in use on the US Mr Charles M WilliardMr Douglas C McMillan Canada and the Carribean the EIS Route 7 Box 916 2800 E Evans Ave operates at crisis scenes on portable comshy Boone NC 28607 Valparaiso IN 46383 puters and communicates back to a netshy 704-264-5880219-462-6161 worked operations center by telephone Positive Pressure Ventilation Use theUse of automatic pressure regulating satellite and pocket radio Users include tempest Power Blower and a Non-toxic nozzle with differentfoam types utilizing local and state government military bases electric smoke generator to show the the TFT foam jet air aspirating attachshyand private corporations The action of a advantages of this machines ability toment

clear smoke quicker and safer than EIS Response Team in Jamaica in the days VSIINC negative pressure ventilation following hurricane Gilbert will be highshyMr John Laudennilk

lighted in the presentation W S DARLEY amp CO335 Lake Seminary Circle Mr Paul C Darley - Bob Spertzel EI DU PONT DE NEMOURS ampPOBox 1392 2000 Anson DrCOMPANYMaitland FL 32751 Melrose Park IL 60160 Ms Nancy M Carver407-339-0403

EAD NA-226 312-345-8050 1007 Market Street The Darley Champion HE 18 BSSMOKEMASTER Wilmington DE 19898 capable of producing over 500 GPM Portable smoke generator in producing 302-774-2692 from draft and priced about one-half the a non-toxic white fog type smoke Demonstration will consist of an inshy price of other comparable portable The Smokemasteris a lightweight (24

pumpsstant-starting exothermic cutting torch Lbs) package that requires 115 volt and that will be used on various metals and AMERICAN FIRE EQUIPMENT12-14 amps of current and can start up metallic objects Mr Clifton M Wilderin less than 30 seconds

13720 Dabney Road TEMPO GLOVE MANUFACTURshyRESEARCH ALTERNATIVES INC Woodbridge VA 22191INGINCMr Steve Johnson 703-643-1005Mr Richard Manolman 966 Hungerford Dr On Spot Chains at Booth 3820 W Wisconsin Ave Suite 3

Milwaukee WI 53208 SW VIRGINIA RESEARCH AND Rockville MD 20850 414-344-1100 DEVELOPMENT301-424-2803

Mr Walt Hennan Fire Gloves amp HoodsA large screen demonstration using a POBox 1175MALYNE ENTERPRISES Sony projector to display the computer Abingdon VA 24210Mr Ronald Krempasky capabilities for locating and fighting 703-628-12615731 Palmer Way Suite C-lhazardous materials using the emergenshyA live-fire ofthe LAND-HARPOON toCarlsbad CA 92008 cy information systemschemical version

619-931-1231 show how it works and the ease ofextinshy(EISC) software guishing a fire or controlling a chemical IDEANETICS SIMULATORS SYS Overview There is no more spatially spillMr Edward Wright dependent fonn of management than the

SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC management of crisis Whether the crisis 6413 Glenroy St Mr Frank Cerven is a natural disaster military action or San Diego CA 92120 17-01 Pollitt Drive 619-286-3718technological accident the geography of

A 35 mm slide is projected on a screen the event and the spatial distribution of PO Box 950 (aircraft barracks shopping mall etc) FairLawnNJ 07410vulnerable populations and resource

201-794-0200supply systems is a primary detenninant as the slide is being projeted simulated Hull insulation Fire Trainer from the of decision options fire and smoke are introduced to the fire

21Cl2 Training Systems 0As a result the graphic and geographic scene in theform ofrealistic animation display of decision support infonnation is The trainees respond to what they see criticaJ to the management of crisis and hear just as they would at a actual

This presentation details the real-world fire The training officer can instantly applications of the Emergency Infonnashy change the fire behaviors as he responds tion System Software a crisis-proven tool to the trainees decisions

12 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

CALL FOR PAPERS DEMONSTRATIONS amp EXHIBITS

FIRST ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MILIT ARY FIRE PROTECTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION

VIRGINIA BEACH PAVILION NORFOLK VIRGINIA AREA

October 16-19 1989

AREAS

Aircraft - Surface Ships - Aircraft Carriers - Submarines - Land Combat and Tracked Vehicles - Military Facilities Buildings and Housing - Munitions

TOPICS

subrnitledto

MATERIALS bull Passive Fire Protection Materials bull Fabrics and Clothing (Regular and Protective) bull Structural and Fabricated Materials bull Composites bull Paints and Coatings bull Hydraulic Fluids Oils and Greases bull Outfitting and Furnishing Materials (Including

Furniture Bedding amp Linens) bull Power and Signal Cables bull Thermal and Acoustic Insulations and Wallboard bull Packaging Containers and Wood

DESIGN bull Electrical amp Electronic Systems bull Design Features bull Maintenance Practices

EQUIPMENT bull FireFlameSmoke Detectors and Activation

Systems bull Firefighting Equipment bull Fire Suppressants bull Emergency Medical Supplies

HAZARD ASSESSMENT amp RISK

EDUCATION amp TRAINING

bull Training Plans bull Technical Information and Training Materials bull Simulators and Trainers

COATING AND INSULATION

bull Coatings bull Sealants bull Fire Blocking Materials bull Insulating Materials

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION

bull Respiratory Protection bull Protective Clothing

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION bull Government Procurement Organizations bull Government Procurement Procedures bull Performance Specifications amp Commercial

Item Descriptions bull Non-development Items bull Logistics Support

F EAT U R E THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE DEFENSE

FIRE FIGHTING AT SEA By Senator John McCain

(From an address to the DFPA Membership Hyatt Regency Hotel Crystal City Arlington Va on February 231988)

I t seems a bit strange given all the talk we hear about advanced technology to be standing here today and to have

to talk about fire fighting We spend so much time talking about smart weapons that we often fail to remember they hit things and that some of these things are our ships

I suspect that sailors are particularly prone to ignore the risks involved in being hit We have no place to run to We also tend to ignore risks of fire in spite of centuries oflessons to the contrary It may be that being surrounded by water makes it harder to think about fire but more seriously I suspect that many of us really dont want to think about the consequenshyces of a really major fire aboard ship

Nevertheless naval firefighting is as imshyportant as all the missiles aircraft and black boxes that make up todays Navy We sawall too clearly in World War II how many times firefighting decided whether a carrier or major surface ship would surshyvive an air or torpedo attack

I personally have seen the horror of a major carrier fire that was the result of an accident not an enemy strike and which killed hundreds of my fellow crewman

The Navy took these fires seriously It made many individual improvements imshymediately In 1979 it formed an aircraft carrier flag level firefighting steering committee In 1982 it formed a surshyvivability review group to review design practices and to try to improve surshyvivability Both these groups are still in operation

In 1983-1984 the CNO added a special ship survivability program to Navy design activity which concentrated on passive fire protection These activities led to the alteration of nearly 300 ships

14

Long before the Falklands these measures led to better training better crew protection more firefighting equipment the use of halon firefighting systems and kevlar back-up of metal armor

Nevertheless the Falklands again taught us the importance of firefighting The British lost more warships to fires and bomb disposal problems than to any other cause They found out that sophisticated weapons cannot be blocked with sophistishycated defenses

The British had to learn the hard way the costs of the tendency to slack off on firefighting training and equipment in time of peace Like us they tended to think in terms of our weapons and equipshyment The Royal Navy was never quite able to find enough training time It tended to squeeze its readiness and equipshyment budgets When push came to shove it tended to ignore the problem of fire until one started

Equally important they learned that most sophisticated defenses present very special fire fighting problems

bull They suffered from a tendency to over centralize all control functions in the battle center of a ship

bull They tended to over-automate the basic functions of a ship including fire fighting

bull They tended to fill a ship with wire This broke down the compartmenshytalization of the ship and created a massive and poisonous fire hazard

bull Finally the need to keep adding anshytennas and weapons led them to make ships top heavy and to use less armor This made ships and comshypartments easier to penetrate and made many barriers so thin that heat spread fire from section to section as well as trapped and often killed the crew

Defense Fire Protection Association

Now I suspect that many of you are already beginning to think of the USS STARK Unfortunately many of these lessons from the Falklands did apply to our own experience in the Persian Gulf

This was not because we refused to learn from other navies The Navy paid careful attention to what happened in the Falklands It conducted an in depth study in 1984 to determine how it should change its ship designs and fire fighting methods This panel identified 87 individual lesshysons of which 25 were already covered by existing practices 21 required refineshymentsand41 required changes Some47 design lessons came out of the conflict

A special damage controlfirefighting working group was also set up which I think many of you are already aware of As I understand it this forums annual meetings have already led to hundreds of recommendations and several hundred have already been evaluated or approved

The problem with the STARK was that it takes years to redesign and rebuild ships and once again the problem of limited resources and competing priorities intervened

I am not going to get into to the details of the debate between the Captain of the STARK and the Navy I am in no position to judge the causes that led to an Exocet hitting the ship Nevertheless it is clear that the Navy had not had time to make the improvements it had learned from the Falklands

Further we still had additional lessons to learn on our own In fact if it had not been for an incredible job of firefighting -which was only possible because other ships could come to the support of the STARK without having to worry about further attack-we would have lost the ship to two small missiles designed to temporarily incapacitate combat ships rather than sink them

Directory

o 0 000 This incidentally is a key lesson we all

need to bear in mind in talking about firefighting Accidents and incidents are not war Our ships in the Gulf were not really then in harms way in the Gulf as they would be in war We had other comshybat ships in support that could devote full time to aiding the STARK we had a tug with firefighting capability and we had USAF and Saudi air cover

In combat we could have been dealing with multiple strikes on a US Reet by Soviet missiles with at least five times the explosive of the Exocet In combat the STARK would have sunk its limited firefighting supplies would have quickly been exhausted and many more of its crew would have burned to death

But lets turn back to what happened to the STARK I know you have all read about the attack and many will have studied the Blue Ribbon Report on the incident The key points are that two very small missiles hit an FFG 7 Class Ship and they started a major fire

Both missiles hit the port side of the hull forward They ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a transverse watertight bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing through two berthing areas One did not explode but the propellant burned at about 3000 degrees fahrenheit and started a fire The second missile then hit at roughly the same point It exploded and fueled the fire in the same general area

The two missiles set all combustibles in the berthing compartment on fire The firemain pressure was too low to be usable and there was fire in the compartshyment under the RADAR-IFF-CIC or Ricer Room The fire was fed by the polyvinyl chloride jacketing on electrical cables

To use purely technical tenns all hell broke lose In spite of the fact the crew rushed in a portable pump the fire spread vertically by conduction It burned the ricer space and the combat infonnation center Ifit had not been for a commercial salvage tug the ability to get emergency equipment and breathing apparatus from other ships and the rescue and assistance teams from nearby ships we could have lost the STARK and possibly much of its crew As it stands we lost 37 crewmen although no one was killed or seriously wounded during the firefighting efforts

I think the Navy can be proud of the speed with which it reacted to the STARK incident The Secretary of the Navy apshypointed a Blue Ribbon Panel to study the survivability of current ships and the changes to be made in future designs

The main conclusions of this panel were to support the conclusions the Navy had already drawn from the fighting in the Falklands but had not had time to act upon They were

bull To rush relocation of fire pump location and the isolation and resitshying of the firemains

bull To improve drainage of fire fighting water on the top deck

bull To improve fire insulation on bulkheads and vital decks

bull To improve smoke control and the numbers and capabilities of deshysmoking equipment

bull To reduce the load of combustibles and particularly of electrical cables

bull To rush the deployment of imshyproved portable fire fighting equipshyment including wire free damage control communications equipshyment equipment for cutting through bulkheads and decks breathing equipment firefighter protective clothing and dewatering pumps

Now these are all technical solutions which you are better equipped to judge than I am but the Navy also laid out new plans for ship design and improvement upgrades doctrine and procedures for firefighting survivability funding RampD into countering the anti-ship missile threat materials RampD and a host of other issues

Further it not only developed recomshymendations for backfitting it is considershying rules that would only allow deviations from ship survivability design principles if they were directly approved by the CNO on the advice of COMNAVshySEASYSCOM

Is this enough No I am sure it is not We have to live in a world where killing mechanisms improve as fast as defenses We never are going to be able to solve our problems by standing still or simply by using better active defense and annor As long as our enemies create smarter and better weapons we are going to need smarter and better fire fighters

This however gentlemen is where you come in You may be cheaper than an Aegis cruiser but you are at least as imshyportant If you cant help us learn the next set offirefighting lessons now before we have to learn them the hard way we are going to lose more men and ships This will be especially true if we have to learn our lessons in war

I hope you are going to spare us from having to learn the hard way Let me also say as a fonner naval aviator that I hope youll keep reminding us of how imporshytant firefighting really is and that we need to give it the proper resources Much as I love airplanes I also love having a place to land It can get lonely when that place it burningO

(Continued from page 6)

The Proceedings and Report of DFPAs February 1988 Symposium and the May 1987 Symposium includes over 100 recommenshydations to make our military vehicles more firesafe and survivable includes texts of speakers addresses list of participants the 15 workshop reports and descriptions of exhibits and seminars This will be supplemented with proceedings from the Oct 88 Norfolk Fire Protection Conference

Directories of fire resistant materials fire protection safety and survivability equipment and systems features and technologies and associated sourcesO

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 15

F EAT U R E

SHIPBOARDFURN~HINGS

HIGHER STANDARDS NEEDED NOW By Mr Al Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc

Within little more than a year the Persian Gulf USS Stark incishydent and the USS Boneish fire

in the Atlantic have dramatically emshyphasized the consequences of fire on board ships The loss of the Sheffield in the Falklands preceded those incidents all of which further emphasize the need for only the safest of outfittings and furnishshyings with regard to flame propagation smoke emission and toxicity

Coincidental with the time frame of the aforementioned events the US Navy specification for flame resistant cushionshying (furniture bedding etc) to be used on board naval vessels MIL-R-20092 has undergone revision and the present L vershysion has been changed to a performance specification from its former material (polychloroprene) specification There is no doubt that a lot of diligent hard effort has been put forth by the specifying inshyfluences connected with MIL-R-20092 and shipboard habitability in general A performance standard theoretically brings about greater competition and subsequent economic benefits for the Services and thats good for the taxpayer The specifiers have done their usual good job but they simply havent gone far enough to give our fighting men the ultimate in fire safety when comparing current state of the art in small scale testing versus the present reshyquirements of MIL-R-20092 That parshyticular specification demands a little fine tuning ie a little tightening up with respect to flammability That statement has more impact ifone believes that it may be before live fire testing evolves

In the interim there is a test method readily available which at least one govemmental entity believes will closely and accurately correlate andor predict full scale (live fire test) results That entity is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the test method is ASTM Eshy906-83 entitled Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

To paraphrase the ASTM description of the test method it can be used to detershymine the release rates of heat and visible smoke from materials and products when exposed to different levels of radiant heat testing same under a constant imposed external heat flux that may be varied upshywards to thousands ofdegrees Fahrenheit

The FAA after full scale fire tests conshyducted numerous laboratory tests to corshyrelate possible material qualification test methods with those full scale tests The net result was that ASTM E-906-83 also known as the Ohio State University (OSU) rate ofheat release apparatus was determined to he the most suitable and demonstrated that it would accurately predict what could be expected of interior materials in typical post-crash fires

At this point we must take note of a certain logic connected with the FAA studies that appears to correlate closely with the shipboard environment in event of fire The FAA finds that there is a significant correlation between flamshymability and toxic emissions and that the severe hazard from toxic emissions ocshycurs as a result oflashover infires involvshying interior materials Thus the FAAs improved flammability standards inshydirectly address toxicity by requiring the use ofinterior materials with reduced heat release rates that delay or prevent the onset of flashover (a condition when high levels of toxic emissions occur) Moreover the FAA claims that the corshyrelation of the rate of heat release tests with full scale tests has demonstrated that heat release is an indication of flame spread a point which must be emshyphasized

In summation a strong recommendation must be made for revision of the present MIL-R-20092 specification which will provide for inclusion of ASTM E-906-83 at a radiant heat flux of 35 watts per square centimeter (35wcm2) The recommendation is strengthened by the following observations

Defense Fire Protection Association

bull The OSU heat release rate apparatus appears to closely and accurately predict full scale test results Lengthy FAA testshying appears to demonstrate unquesshytionable correlation

bull The FAA believes the present demonstrated correlation is sufficient to proceed with use of the OSU test apshyparatus and will enhance the level of fire safety

bull The OSU apparatus appears to be reasonably available (as opposed to wideshyly available) in the United States Fifteen independent labs currently use the OSU rate of heat release apparatus for nonshyaircraft applications One quite naturalshyIy is in use at OSU on a consulting basis and as the need arises other labs will undoubtedly acquire the apparatus

bull The apparatus does not appear to be prohibitively costly

bull The use of the OSU apparatus will result in improved flammability standards for at least the time being in aircraft inteshyriors and those standards will provide adshyditional egress time in the event of emershygency

In very simplistic terms we are recomshymending that several years of hard effort and the expenditure of many dollars by the FAA be considered by the services in order to provide the most stringent yet practical specification governing flexible materials used for furniture and bedding

For the moment quite frankly it would appear that the wheel does not have to be re-invented It is already in place and needs only to be utilized in order to make a good specification an even better oneO

SOURCES

1 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Federal Register 14 CPR Parts 25 and 121 Improved Flanunability Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Transport Category Airplane Cabins

2 American Society For Testing and Materials Designation E 906-83 Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

Directory 16

F EAT U R E

POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION By Charles Willard Tempest Technology Corporation

Positive pressure ventilation involshyves the introduction of air into a burning building to reduce heat and

gases and to increase visibility This process allows the fireman to get to the seat of the frre quicker and use less water to extinguish the fire It also eliminates the chance of flashover and steam bum as well as providing a more tenable working environment for the fireman

Conventional ventilation methods have generally included 2 types natural and negative pressure Natural ventilation takes advantage of the air movement outshyside a structure by using existing openshyings Negative pressure ventilation has been accomplished by placing electric fans in doors or windows to suck or pull the smoke out In negative pressure venshytilation access to the structure is blocked by the fan hanging in the door or window

There is a third type ofventilation called positive pressure This technique has many advantages and additional benefits over the other two types

Positive pressure ventilation involves the placement of high volume blowers to push out the smoke As smoke is pushed out so are heat and gases Visibility is increased and temperature is decreased allowing the fireman and water to get to the seat of the frre quicker For this reason less water is necessary to extinguish the frr and less water damage results

TRAINING REQUIRED Upon the introduction of positive presshy

sure the chance of flashover and steam burn are eliminated This is because the air flow provided by the blower gives smoke heat gases and water vapor a direction to go away from the firefighter

For proper positive pressure ventilation techniques to work training is necessary For example the practice ofbreaking winshydows to introduce fresh air all around a structure (helpful in natural or negative pressure ventilation) is a disadvantage in positive pressure The integrity of the structure should be maintained In most cases only a window or door in the room of fire origin would be opened

The dangerous duty of vertical ventilashytion through the roof is greatly reduced as most fire can be ventilated horizontally

Positive pressure ventilation as a fire attack technique is being used with great success and has many applications which have not yet been realized In general the fire can be extinguished faster cleaner and safer than conventional techniques and greatly reduce property damageO

Defense Fire Protection AssociationDirectory 17

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

Directory 18

o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

Directory

Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

INTRODUCING FOUR OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE

FIRE EMERGENCY PRODUCTS AVAIl ABLE

1EMERGENCY BURN CARE Water-Jellowers and stabilizes skin temperature easing the pain and calming the patient And because Water-Jel is bacteriostatic covered wounds are protected from further contamination

2EXTINGUISHES FLAME ON VICTIM When victim is covered with Water-Iel flame is put out It also prevents burn progression by immediately cooling down the victim

Introducing Water-Jel shya revolutionary multi-use product for emergency burn care and fire protecshytion Its so fast and easy to use it will totally change the way you approach fire emergencies

No special training is required Just open the patented Water-Jel packet or container and apply the gel-soaked special carrier This Simple one-step product is ideal for all potential fire or burn areas including emergency medical

3PROTECTS RESCUER Water-Jel Blankets shield against intense heat and flames enabling a rescuer to reach and treat the victim

industrial government military and commercial Its packaging

makes it easily accessible and available for use anywhere with or without the presence of water

Water-Jel comes in sizes from an 8 x 6 (244cm x 183cm)Blanket to a 2x 6 (Scm x 1 Scm) Sterile Burn Dressing For more informationon this revolutionary 4-in-1 fire emergency product contact Trilling Medical Technologies Inc now

WATERmiddotJEI IF ITS NOT ON HAND bullbullbull YOURE PLAYING WITH FIREI

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THE DEFENSE FIRE PROTECTION SYMPOSIUM-MATERIALS and TECHNOLOGY EXPOSITION FEBRUARYmiddot14~16 1989

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l6n ~ n17 130 011

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96-Sx10 BOOTHS

bull 924

925

926

o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

Directory 24

o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

~SYMTRON _ SYSTEMS inc

17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

FORMERLY AUSTIN ELECTRONICS

IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

CHANGES WELL CHANGE THISD

254ACounIyUneRcL Hatboro PA 19040

(215) 443-5008

OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

27

o 0 000

Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

Directory 28

o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

29

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Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

o 0 000

COMPANY

Alpha Associates Inc Amatex Corporation American Fire Equipment American Godiva Inc American Heat Safety Video

Productions Inc AMKUSInc Ansul SpillX Products

Arcair Company Artificial Intelligence

Applications Ashland Carbon

Fibers Astra Software Corporation Automatic Sprinkler Corp

of America Baker Safety Equipment

Inc Beltran Inc Bio Marine Inc Cairns amp Brothers Inc Carlon - (A division of Lamson amp Sessions Co)

Channing L Bete Co Inc Chemron Inc Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc CSD Sealing Systems DC Filter amp Chemical Inc Downey Inc CCA Duraline Division of JB

Nottingham amp Co Inc EI Du Pont de Nemours amp

Company Eagle Air Systems Eastport International Inc Edwards amp Cromwell Elkhart Brass Flammadur Corporation of

America Hale Fire Pump Co Hardwood Plywood Assn Hevi DutyNelson - A Unit

of General Signal

PYRONOVA HOLMATRO ARCAIR SPACE AGE TECH

PRODUCTS INC

BOOTH

414 TIl 915 312

408 820921

121 T9

124

T12 701

II7

413 110 813 320

216 704 319 214

326

225

221 416 119 115 419

601 605606 602

424

EXHIBIT LOCATOR COMPANY BOOTH

Hoechst Celanese Corp 525 Holmatro Inc 702 HTL Division Pacific

Scientific 324 Ideanetics Simulators Sys 923 Industrial Scientific Corp 317 Ingersoll-Rand Company 418 International Association of Fire Chiefs 803

International Environment Technologies Ltd 912

International Safety Instruments Inc 219

J Rock Associates 116 King Fisher Co 220 KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc) 519

KT Corporation T5 Life Support Products Inc 802 Malyne Enterprises 111 MAN-SAF Technologies

Inc 521 Martin Marietta Aero amp

Naval Systems 113 Masonite Corporation 108 Medical Plastics

Laboratory 102 Micromiddot Turbo North America 919 Military Firefighters Mag Militec Inc Mine Safety Appliances Co Mustang Mfg Inc National Draeger Inc National Fire Hose Corp North American Fire Guardian

Paratech Inc Perma Glo Ind Inc Peter Pirsch Co Phoenix Rescue Tools Pyrocap (Unified Ind) Pyrotenax USA Inc Racal Health amp Safety Inc Ranger Rescue Equipment

215 804 603 806 109 315

104 325 120 118 316 818 114 604 107

INDEX OF ADVERTISERS

3 5 7

9

KT CORPORATION TEMPO GLOVE MFG INC AMERICAN FIRE EQUIP WATERJEL SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC

9 9

17 20 26

Defense Fire Protection Association

COMPANY BOOTH

Ranpak Corporation 100 RAVA Corporation WI Research Alternatives Inc 703 Robotronics Inc 927 Rockwood Systems Corp 321 ROLL-O-MATIC Inc 318 SW Virginia Research

and Development Corporation 103

SKEDCO 217 Sorrento Engineering Inc 417 Southwest Research

Institute 924 Space Age Technology

Products Inc Tl3 Symtron Systems Inc 412 Systron Donner 415 Task Force Tips Inc (KK

Products) 519 Tempest Technology

Corporation 814 Tempo Glove

Manufacturing Inc 409 TEXmiddotTech Industries Inc 926 Trilling Medical

Technologies Inc 421 Underwriters

Laboratories Inc 425 UNM New Mexico

Engineering Institute 218 Vetter SysVepro USA 914 VSIInc 815 WS Darley amp Co 925 Walter Kidde Aerospace

Inc 809 Wing Enterprises Inc 420 Win sol Laboratories

Cost Plus 805 I

Zero Corporation 125224 J

I

FM BRICK INDUSTRIES 26 MODERN DAY MARINE MILITARY EXPOSmON Cmiddot4

Directory 8

KT CORP vs NBC The Complete NBC Defense Specialist

bull MF-11 Military Respirator

bull VAS-2 Improved communications in an NBC or HAZMAT environment

bull M5 or M10 MicroClimate Cooling Units (MCCU) to beat heat stress

bull Permeable protective uniforms overboots and gloves

bull Liquid and gas agent detection

SEE PROGRAM FOR COMPLETE COMPANY PROFILE

KT CORPORATION 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497

(203) 3n-5900 FAX (203) 3n-Sm

Telex 282983 KTCORP UR

bull FIRE RESIS1-NG bull bull SMOKE SUPPRESSING bull bull PAINTS AND COATINGS bull SPACE AGE TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS INC

4536 West Lawrence Ave Chicago Illinois 60630

HARRY I SHAYMAN Phone 312725-0404

TEMPO GLOVE MFG INC 3820 W Wisconsin Avenue

Milwaukee WI 53208 Phone 414-344-1100

Out of State 1-800-558-8520

GSA 5-1-88 to 4-30-90 GS-07F-16055

FIRE GLOVESHOODS ONLY

DICK MANDLMAN Industrlal-Flreflghting-Outdoor

o 0 000

WORKSHOP HIGHLIGHTS In general the workshops conform to the recentlyformed DFPA

committees and the Workshop Chairmen are also the Committee Chairmen

MATERIALS Chairman Dale L Trout -Jefferson Room

Materials are the key to fire protection because it is generally not possible to eliminate ignition sources or oxygen (ampom the fire triangle) Materials include everything from hydraulic fluids to cable insulation paints regular clothing and composites and the retardants that can be added to these materials

DESIGN Chairman David Geer - Kennedy Room

The Design Worlcshop will focus on System Design for Survivability and Performance and include a look at how electrical circuit breakers do or do not provide adequate fire protection Powder Packs that protect fuel cells and hydraulic fluid reservoirs and computer based fire models

EQUIPMENT Chairman C Dean Perry - lincoln Room

We have experienced extraordinary leaps in fire fighting equipment over the past several years One of the most spectacular equipments is the Land Harpoon which will be discussed during this session

HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONSIDERATIONS Chairman Emory Champney -Roosevelt Room

Ibis Worlcshop covers elements involved in developing a hazard assessment an actual assessment of a shipboard scenario and risk analysis which addresses the chance or probability of injury or damage Dr Robert Tapscott will di~ss The HalonOzone Problem Technological Approaches Presentations will also be made by 10 DiPinto of DuPont RB Cbuke of Benjamin CIadre Associates and J Hall of the National Fire Protection Association

EDUCATION amp TRAINING Chairman David Joynt -Jefferson Room

This Worlcshop will include presentations on Leam Not to Burn and the safety features of the 19F Series Shipboard Firefighting Trainers

COATINGS amp INSULATION Chairman George Hidy - Kennedy Room

Coatings and Insulations are an integral part of an effective fire protection program They are used to insulate and keep fuel heat andmiddotoxygen separate Because they can add to the fire load it is important that fire retardant non-smoking non-toxic coatings and insulations be cbosen This worlcshop emphasizes this pressing issue and specifically focuses on new technologies and solutions

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION Chairmen Dr Wesley Clayton amp Mr Gary Hilbert- lincoln Room

This committeeworlcshop will focus on the Health Effects of Fire Bill McCutcheon from Cairns Brothers will provide a detailed presentation on protective clothing and helmets at this session

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION Chairman Bill Cullen -Arlington Room

Mr Tim Foreman from the Office of the Secretary of Defense will provide a detailed explanation of the government acquisition process and estimates of government needs for fire protection equipment

10 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

o 0 000

DEMONSTRATIONS The following are the currently planned demonstrations in tenative order

(Actual order will depend upon weather)

PYROTENAX USA INC BAKER SAFETY EQUIPMENT INC ROCKWOOD SYSTEMS CORP Mr Alvin Steinbach Mr Ralph Baker Mr Juanita Kuattila 5462 Treefrog Place Pyles Lane 640 E Main St Columbia MD 21045 New Castle DE 19720 PO Box 810 301-997-5105 302-652-7080 Lancaster TX 75146 Uses amp benefits of mineral insulated Simulated Safety Drop from Hyatt 214-227-3100

cable for wiring critical circuits Regency (30 Min) Foam Application

WING ENTERPRISES INC KT CORPORATION Mr Steve Gamer Mr WE Gutman SKEDCO 2241 South Larsen Parkway 300 Long Beach Blvd Mr Bud Calkin Provo UT 84601 Stratford CT 06497 16420 W 72nd Avenue PO Box 801-375-9620 203-377-5900 230366 The unique fire fighting capabilities of Voice Amplification amp Personal Alert Portland OR 97224

the Little Giant Ladder System (5 Min) 503-639-2119

NATIONAL DRAEGER INC Patient Packaging MAN-SAF TECHNOLOGIES INC Mr Ray Clarke Mr Chuck Ferguson 10 I Tech Drive 4022 Old Bardstown Road Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 DOWNEY INC Louisville KY 40218 412-787-8383 Ms Dianne Drake 502-499-9999 National Draegers Mobile 45 foot SCBA 12650 C Lake Ridge Drive

Training Center which permits users to Lake Ridge VA 22192 XmiddotSTlNG a new unique safety attachmiddot learn about their SCBA and their abUity to 703-550-8033

ment that fits most oxylfuel cutting-weldshy perform under stressfullbut controlled Fire Retardant Corrugated Boxes ing torches and converts torch immedishy conditions (45 Min) Duocom portable ately into afire extinguisher with the lift of two-man decompression chamber HOLMATRO INC afinger (15 Min) Mr Peter Penoyar

412 Headquarters Drive PARATECH INC PO Box 99

ARC AIR COMPANY Mr Peter Nielsen Millersville MD 21108 Mr James A Horwath 1025 Lambrecht Rd 301-987-6633 PO Box 406 Frankfort IT 60423 Rescue tooL LancasterOH 43130 815-469-3911 614-653-5618 Air bags Air Gun 40 - Paknammer 90 SPACEmiddotAGE TECHNOLOGY Portable exothermic cutting system forcible entry pneumatic tools (30middot45 PRODUCTS INC

SUCE

Min) Mr Harry Shayman 4536 West Lawrence Avenue

EASTPORT INTERNATIONAL INC Chicago IL 60630 AMERICAN HEAT SAFETY VIDEO Mr Michael Higgins 312-725-0404

PRODUCTIONS INC 501 Prince Georges Blvd Mr John Leonard Upper Marlboro MD 20772 A carton is painted with Tough 240 Souriegn Ct Suite C 30 1-249-3300 Coat Paint then fire is applied with St Louis MO 63011 a torch to show the resistive qualities 800-722-2443 Eastports SPAAT Product Using a comshy of the toughcoat paint The paper

pressed Air Driven Tool cut through a carton is constructed in much the Various Videos on Fire Suppression and Mock-up of an aircraft section amp apply a same manner as a furnace using

Emergency Medical Services fire-fighting agent (C02) paper flues

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 11

o 0 0 0 0 DEMONSTRATIONS (Continued)

that combines real-time communications TEMPEST TECHNOLOGY CORshyTASK FORCE TIPS INC (KK with georelational decision support With PORATIONPRODUCTS) nearly 400 systems in use on the US Mr Charles M WilliardMr Douglas C McMillan Canada and the Carribean the EIS Route 7 Box 916 2800 E Evans Ave operates at crisis scenes on portable comshy Boone NC 28607 Valparaiso IN 46383 puters and communicates back to a netshy 704-264-5880219-462-6161 worked operations center by telephone Positive Pressure Ventilation Use theUse of automatic pressure regulating satellite and pocket radio Users include tempest Power Blower and a Non-toxic nozzle with differentfoam types utilizing local and state government military bases electric smoke generator to show the the TFT foam jet air aspirating attachshyand private corporations The action of a advantages of this machines ability toment

clear smoke quicker and safer than EIS Response Team in Jamaica in the days VSIINC negative pressure ventilation following hurricane Gilbert will be highshyMr John Laudennilk

lighted in the presentation W S DARLEY amp CO335 Lake Seminary Circle Mr Paul C Darley - Bob Spertzel EI DU PONT DE NEMOURS ampPOBox 1392 2000 Anson DrCOMPANYMaitland FL 32751 Melrose Park IL 60160 Ms Nancy M Carver407-339-0403

EAD NA-226 312-345-8050 1007 Market Street The Darley Champion HE 18 BSSMOKEMASTER Wilmington DE 19898 capable of producing over 500 GPM Portable smoke generator in producing 302-774-2692 from draft and priced about one-half the a non-toxic white fog type smoke Demonstration will consist of an inshy price of other comparable portable The Smokemasteris a lightweight (24

pumpsstant-starting exothermic cutting torch Lbs) package that requires 115 volt and that will be used on various metals and AMERICAN FIRE EQUIPMENT12-14 amps of current and can start up metallic objects Mr Clifton M Wilderin less than 30 seconds

13720 Dabney Road TEMPO GLOVE MANUFACTURshyRESEARCH ALTERNATIVES INC Woodbridge VA 22191INGINCMr Steve Johnson 703-643-1005Mr Richard Manolman 966 Hungerford Dr On Spot Chains at Booth 3820 W Wisconsin Ave Suite 3

Milwaukee WI 53208 SW VIRGINIA RESEARCH AND Rockville MD 20850 414-344-1100 DEVELOPMENT301-424-2803

Mr Walt Hennan Fire Gloves amp HoodsA large screen demonstration using a POBox 1175MALYNE ENTERPRISES Sony projector to display the computer Abingdon VA 24210Mr Ronald Krempasky capabilities for locating and fighting 703-628-12615731 Palmer Way Suite C-lhazardous materials using the emergenshyA live-fire ofthe LAND-HARPOON toCarlsbad CA 92008 cy information systemschemical version

619-931-1231 show how it works and the ease ofextinshy(EISC) software guishing a fire or controlling a chemical IDEANETICS SIMULATORS SYS Overview There is no more spatially spillMr Edward Wright dependent fonn of management than the

SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC management of crisis Whether the crisis 6413 Glenroy St Mr Frank Cerven is a natural disaster military action or San Diego CA 92120 17-01 Pollitt Drive 619-286-3718technological accident the geography of

A 35 mm slide is projected on a screen the event and the spatial distribution of PO Box 950 (aircraft barracks shopping mall etc) FairLawnNJ 07410vulnerable populations and resource

201-794-0200supply systems is a primary detenninant as the slide is being projeted simulated Hull insulation Fire Trainer from the of decision options fire and smoke are introduced to the fire

21Cl2 Training Systems 0As a result the graphic and geographic scene in theform ofrealistic animation display of decision support infonnation is The trainees respond to what they see criticaJ to the management of crisis and hear just as they would at a actual

This presentation details the real-world fire The training officer can instantly applications of the Emergency Infonnashy change the fire behaviors as he responds tion System Software a crisis-proven tool to the trainees decisions

12 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

CALL FOR PAPERS DEMONSTRATIONS amp EXHIBITS

FIRST ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MILIT ARY FIRE PROTECTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION

VIRGINIA BEACH PAVILION NORFOLK VIRGINIA AREA

October 16-19 1989

AREAS

Aircraft - Surface Ships - Aircraft Carriers - Submarines - Land Combat and Tracked Vehicles - Military Facilities Buildings and Housing - Munitions

TOPICS

subrnitledto

MATERIALS bull Passive Fire Protection Materials bull Fabrics and Clothing (Regular and Protective) bull Structural and Fabricated Materials bull Composites bull Paints and Coatings bull Hydraulic Fluids Oils and Greases bull Outfitting and Furnishing Materials (Including

Furniture Bedding amp Linens) bull Power and Signal Cables bull Thermal and Acoustic Insulations and Wallboard bull Packaging Containers and Wood

DESIGN bull Electrical amp Electronic Systems bull Design Features bull Maintenance Practices

EQUIPMENT bull FireFlameSmoke Detectors and Activation

Systems bull Firefighting Equipment bull Fire Suppressants bull Emergency Medical Supplies

HAZARD ASSESSMENT amp RISK

EDUCATION amp TRAINING

bull Training Plans bull Technical Information and Training Materials bull Simulators and Trainers

COATING AND INSULATION

bull Coatings bull Sealants bull Fire Blocking Materials bull Insulating Materials

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION

bull Respiratory Protection bull Protective Clothing

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION bull Government Procurement Organizations bull Government Procurement Procedures bull Performance Specifications amp Commercial

Item Descriptions bull Non-development Items bull Logistics Support

F EAT U R E THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE DEFENSE

FIRE FIGHTING AT SEA By Senator John McCain

(From an address to the DFPA Membership Hyatt Regency Hotel Crystal City Arlington Va on February 231988)

I t seems a bit strange given all the talk we hear about advanced technology to be standing here today and to have

to talk about fire fighting We spend so much time talking about smart weapons that we often fail to remember they hit things and that some of these things are our ships

I suspect that sailors are particularly prone to ignore the risks involved in being hit We have no place to run to We also tend to ignore risks of fire in spite of centuries oflessons to the contrary It may be that being surrounded by water makes it harder to think about fire but more seriously I suspect that many of us really dont want to think about the consequenshyces of a really major fire aboard ship

Nevertheless naval firefighting is as imshyportant as all the missiles aircraft and black boxes that make up todays Navy We sawall too clearly in World War II how many times firefighting decided whether a carrier or major surface ship would surshyvive an air or torpedo attack

I personally have seen the horror of a major carrier fire that was the result of an accident not an enemy strike and which killed hundreds of my fellow crewman

The Navy took these fires seriously It made many individual improvements imshymediately In 1979 it formed an aircraft carrier flag level firefighting steering committee In 1982 it formed a surshyvivability review group to review design practices and to try to improve surshyvivability Both these groups are still in operation

In 1983-1984 the CNO added a special ship survivability program to Navy design activity which concentrated on passive fire protection These activities led to the alteration of nearly 300 ships

14

Long before the Falklands these measures led to better training better crew protection more firefighting equipment the use of halon firefighting systems and kevlar back-up of metal armor

Nevertheless the Falklands again taught us the importance of firefighting The British lost more warships to fires and bomb disposal problems than to any other cause They found out that sophisticated weapons cannot be blocked with sophistishycated defenses

The British had to learn the hard way the costs of the tendency to slack off on firefighting training and equipment in time of peace Like us they tended to think in terms of our weapons and equipshyment The Royal Navy was never quite able to find enough training time It tended to squeeze its readiness and equipshyment budgets When push came to shove it tended to ignore the problem of fire until one started

Equally important they learned that most sophisticated defenses present very special fire fighting problems

bull They suffered from a tendency to over centralize all control functions in the battle center of a ship

bull They tended to over-automate the basic functions of a ship including fire fighting

bull They tended to fill a ship with wire This broke down the compartmenshytalization of the ship and created a massive and poisonous fire hazard

bull Finally the need to keep adding anshytennas and weapons led them to make ships top heavy and to use less armor This made ships and comshypartments easier to penetrate and made many barriers so thin that heat spread fire from section to section as well as trapped and often killed the crew

Defense Fire Protection Association

Now I suspect that many of you are already beginning to think of the USS STARK Unfortunately many of these lessons from the Falklands did apply to our own experience in the Persian Gulf

This was not because we refused to learn from other navies The Navy paid careful attention to what happened in the Falklands It conducted an in depth study in 1984 to determine how it should change its ship designs and fire fighting methods This panel identified 87 individual lesshysons of which 25 were already covered by existing practices 21 required refineshymentsand41 required changes Some47 design lessons came out of the conflict

A special damage controlfirefighting working group was also set up which I think many of you are already aware of As I understand it this forums annual meetings have already led to hundreds of recommendations and several hundred have already been evaluated or approved

The problem with the STARK was that it takes years to redesign and rebuild ships and once again the problem of limited resources and competing priorities intervened

I am not going to get into to the details of the debate between the Captain of the STARK and the Navy I am in no position to judge the causes that led to an Exocet hitting the ship Nevertheless it is clear that the Navy had not had time to make the improvements it had learned from the Falklands

Further we still had additional lessons to learn on our own In fact if it had not been for an incredible job of firefighting -which was only possible because other ships could come to the support of the STARK without having to worry about further attack-we would have lost the ship to two small missiles designed to temporarily incapacitate combat ships rather than sink them

Directory

o 0 000 This incidentally is a key lesson we all

need to bear in mind in talking about firefighting Accidents and incidents are not war Our ships in the Gulf were not really then in harms way in the Gulf as they would be in war We had other comshybat ships in support that could devote full time to aiding the STARK we had a tug with firefighting capability and we had USAF and Saudi air cover

In combat we could have been dealing with multiple strikes on a US Reet by Soviet missiles with at least five times the explosive of the Exocet In combat the STARK would have sunk its limited firefighting supplies would have quickly been exhausted and many more of its crew would have burned to death

But lets turn back to what happened to the STARK I know you have all read about the attack and many will have studied the Blue Ribbon Report on the incident The key points are that two very small missiles hit an FFG 7 Class Ship and they started a major fire

Both missiles hit the port side of the hull forward They ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a transverse watertight bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing through two berthing areas One did not explode but the propellant burned at about 3000 degrees fahrenheit and started a fire The second missile then hit at roughly the same point It exploded and fueled the fire in the same general area

The two missiles set all combustibles in the berthing compartment on fire The firemain pressure was too low to be usable and there was fire in the compartshyment under the RADAR-IFF-CIC or Ricer Room The fire was fed by the polyvinyl chloride jacketing on electrical cables

To use purely technical tenns all hell broke lose In spite of the fact the crew rushed in a portable pump the fire spread vertically by conduction It burned the ricer space and the combat infonnation center Ifit had not been for a commercial salvage tug the ability to get emergency equipment and breathing apparatus from other ships and the rescue and assistance teams from nearby ships we could have lost the STARK and possibly much of its crew As it stands we lost 37 crewmen although no one was killed or seriously wounded during the firefighting efforts

I think the Navy can be proud of the speed with which it reacted to the STARK incident The Secretary of the Navy apshypointed a Blue Ribbon Panel to study the survivability of current ships and the changes to be made in future designs

The main conclusions of this panel were to support the conclusions the Navy had already drawn from the fighting in the Falklands but had not had time to act upon They were

bull To rush relocation of fire pump location and the isolation and resitshying of the firemains

bull To improve drainage of fire fighting water on the top deck

bull To improve fire insulation on bulkheads and vital decks

bull To improve smoke control and the numbers and capabilities of deshysmoking equipment

bull To reduce the load of combustibles and particularly of electrical cables

bull To rush the deployment of imshyproved portable fire fighting equipshyment including wire free damage control communications equipshyment equipment for cutting through bulkheads and decks breathing equipment firefighter protective clothing and dewatering pumps

Now these are all technical solutions which you are better equipped to judge than I am but the Navy also laid out new plans for ship design and improvement upgrades doctrine and procedures for firefighting survivability funding RampD into countering the anti-ship missile threat materials RampD and a host of other issues

Further it not only developed recomshymendations for backfitting it is considershying rules that would only allow deviations from ship survivability design principles if they were directly approved by the CNO on the advice of COMNAVshySEASYSCOM

Is this enough No I am sure it is not We have to live in a world where killing mechanisms improve as fast as defenses We never are going to be able to solve our problems by standing still or simply by using better active defense and annor As long as our enemies create smarter and better weapons we are going to need smarter and better fire fighters

This however gentlemen is where you come in You may be cheaper than an Aegis cruiser but you are at least as imshyportant If you cant help us learn the next set offirefighting lessons now before we have to learn them the hard way we are going to lose more men and ships This will be especially true if we have to learn our lessons in war

I hope you are going to spare us from having to learn the hard way Let me also say as a fonner naval aviator that I hope youll keep reminding us of how imporshytant firefighting really is and that we need to give it the proper resources Much as I love airplanes I also love having a place to land It can get lonely when that place it burningO

(Continued from page 6)

The Proceedings and Report of DFPAs February 1988 Symposium and the May 1987 Symposium includes over 100 recommenshydations to make our military vehicles more firesafe and survivable includes texts of speakers addresses list of participants the 15 workshop reports and descriptions of exhibits and seminars This will be supplemented with proceedings from the Oct 88 Norfolk Fire Protection Conference

Directories of fire resistant materials fire protection safety and survivability equipment and systems features and technologies and associated sourcesO

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 15

F EAT U R E

SHIPBOARDFURN~HINGS

HIGHER STANDARDS NEEDED NOW By Mr Al Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc

Within little more than a year the Persian Gulf USS Stark incishydent and the USS Boneish fire

in the Atlantic have dramatically emshyphasized the consequences of fire on board ships The loss of the Sheffield in the Falklands preceded those incidents all of which further emphasize the need for only the safest of outfittings and furnishshyings with regard to flame propagation smoke emission and toxicity

Coincidental with the time frame of the aforementioned events the US Navy specification for flame resistant cushionshying (furniture bedding etc) to be used on board naval vessels MIL-R-20092 has undergone revision and the present L vershysion has been changed to a performance specification from its former material (polychloroprene) specification There is no doubt that a lot of diligent hard effort has been put forth by the specifying inshyfluences connected with MIL-R-20092 and shipboard habitability in general A performance standard theoretically brings about greater competition and subsequent economic benefits for the Services and thats good for the taxpayer The specifiers have done their usual good job but they simply havent gone far enough to give our fighting men the ultimate in fire safety when comparing current state of the art in small scale testing versus the present reshyquirements of MIL-R-20092 That parshyticular specification demands a little fine tuning ie a little tightening up with respect to flammability That statement has more impact ifone believes that it may be before live fire testing evolves

In the interim there is a test method readily available which at least one govemmental entity believes will closely and accurately correlate andor predict full scale (live fire test) results That entity is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the test method is ASTM Eshy906-83 entitled Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

To paraphrase the ASTM description of the test method it can be used to detershymine the release rates of heat and visible smoke from materials and products when exposed to different levels of radiant heat testing same under a constant imposed external heat flux that may be varied upshywards to thousands ofdegrees Fahrenheit

The FAA after full scale fire tests conshyducted numerous laboratory tests to corshyrelate possible material qualification test methods with those full scale tests The net result was that ASTM E-906-83 also known as the Ohio State University (OSU) rate ofheat release apparatus was determined to he the most suitable and demonstrated that it would accurately predict what could be expected of interior materials in typical post-crash fires

At this point we must take note of a certain logic connected with the FAA studies that appears to correlate closely with the shipboard environment in event of fire The FAA finds that there is a significant correlation between flamshymability and toxic emissions and that the severe hazard from toxic emissions ocshycurs as a result oflashover infires involvshying interior materials Thus the FAAs improved flammability standards inshydirectly address toxicity by requiring the use ofinterior materials with reduced heat release rates that delay or prevent the onset of flashover (a condition when high levels of toxic emissions occur) Moreover the FAA claims that the corshyrelation of the rate of heat release tests with full scale tests has demonstrated that heat release is an indication of flame spread a point which must be emshyphasized

In summation a strong recommendation must be made for revision of the present MIL-R-20092 specification which will provide for inclusion of ASTM E-906-83 at a radiant heat flux of 35 watts per square centimeter (35wcm2) The recommendation is strengthened by the following observations

Defense Fire Protection Association

bull The OSU heat release rate apparatus appears to closely and accurately predict full scale test results Lengthy FAA testshying appears to demonstrate unquesshytionable correlation

bull The FAA believes the present demonstrated correlation is sufficient to proceed with use of the OSU test apshyparatus and will enhance the level of fire safety

bull The OSU apparatus appears to be reasonably available (as opposed to wideshyly available) in the United States Fifteen independent labs currently use the OSU rate of heat release apparatus for nonshyaircraft applications One quite naturalshyIy is in use at OSU on a consulting basis and as the need arises other labs will undoubtedly acquire the apparatus

bull The apparatus does not appear to be prohibitively costly

bull The use of the OSU apparatus will result in improved flammability standards for at least the time being in aircraft inteshyriors and those standards will provide adshyditional egress time in the event of emershygency

In very simplistic terms we are recomshymending that several years of hard effort and the expenditure of many dollars by the FAA be considered by the services in order to provide the most stringent yet practical specification governing flexible materials used for furniture and bedding

For the moment quite frankly it would appear that the wheel does not have to be re-invented It is already in place and needs only to be utilized in order to make a good specification an even better oneO

SOURCES

1 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Federal Register 14 CPR Parts 25 and 121 Improved Flanunability Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Transport Category Airplane Cabins

2 American Society For Testing and Materials Designation E 906-83 Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

Directory 16

F EAT U R E

POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION By Charles Willard Tempest Technology Corporation

Positive pressure ventilation involshyves the introduction of air into a burning building to reduce heat and

gases and to increase visibility This process allows the fireman to get to the seat of the frre quicker and use less water to extinguish the fire It also eliminates the chance of flashover and steam bum as well as providing a more tenable working environment for the fireman

Conventional ventilation methods have generally included 2 types natural and negative pressure Natural ventilation takes advantage of the air movement outshyside a structure by using existing openshyings Negative pressure ventilation has been accomplished by placing electric fans in doors or windows to suck or pull the smoke out In negative pressure venshytilation access to the structure is blocked by the fan hanging in the door or window

There is a third type ofventilation called positive pressure This technique has many advantages and additional benefits over the other two types

Positive pressure ventilation involves the placement of high volume blowers to push out the smoke As smoke is pushed out so are heat and gases Visibility is increased and temperature is decreased allowing the fireman and water to get to the seat of the frre quicker For this reason less water is necessary to extinguish the frr and less water damage results

TRAINING REQUIRED Upon the introduction of positive presshy

sure the chance of flashover and steam burn are eliminated This is because the air flow provided by the blower gives smoke heat gases and water vapor a direction to go away from the firefighter

For proper positive pressure ventilation techniques to work training is necessary For example the practice ofbreaking winshydows to introduce fresh air all around a structure (helpful in natural or negative pressure ventilation) is a disadvantage in positive pressure The integrity of the structure should be maintained In most cases only a window or door in the room of fire origin would be opened

The dangerous duty of vertical ventilashytion through the roof is greatly reduced as most fire can be ventilated horizontally

Positive pressure ventilation as a fire attack technique is being used with great success and has many applications which have not yet been realized In general the fire can be extinguished faster cleaner and safer than conventional techniques and greatly reduce property damageO

Defense Fire Protection AssociationDirectory 17

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

Directory 18

o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

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Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

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o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

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Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

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240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

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Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

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PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

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Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

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No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

27

o 0 000

Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

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M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

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1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

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Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

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Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

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Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

Directory 28

o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

29

o 0 000

Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

KT CORP vs NBC The Complete NBC Defense Specialist

bull MF-11 Military Respirator

bull VAS-2 Improved communications in an NBC or HAZMAT environment

bull M5 or M10 MicroClimate Cooling Units (MCCU) to beat heat stress

bull Permeable protective uniforms overboots and gloves

bull Liquid and gas agent detection

SEE PROGRAM FOR COMPLETE COMPANY PROFILE

KT CORPORATION 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497

(203) 3n-5900 FAX (203) 3n-Sm

Telex 282983 KTCORP UR

bull FIRE RESIS1-NG bull bull SMOKE SUPPRESSING bull bull PAINTS AND COATINGS bull SPACE AGE TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS INC

4536 West Lawrence Ave Chicago Illinois 60630

HARRY I SHAYMAN Phone 312725-0404

TEMPO GLOVE MFG INC 3820 W Wisconsin Avenue

Milwaukee WI 53208 Phone 414-344-1100

Out of State 1-800-558-8520

GSA 5-1-88 to 4-30-90 GS-07F-16055

FIRE GLOVESHOODS ONLY

DICK MANDLMAN Industrlal-Flreflghting-Outdoor

o 0 000

WORKSHOP HIGHLIGHTS In general the workshops conform to the recentlyformed DFPA

committees and the Workshop Chairmen are also the Committee Chairmen

MATERIALS Chairman Dale L Trout -Jefferson Room

Materials are the key to fire protection because it is generally not possible to eliminate ignition sources or oxygen (ampom the fire triangle) Materials include everything from hydraulic fluids to cable insulation paints regular clothing and composites and the retardants that can be added to these materials

DESIGN Chairman David Geer - Kennedy Room

The Design Worlcshop will focus on System Design for Survivability and Performance and include a look at how electrical circuit breakers do or do not provide adequate fire protection Powder Packs that protect fuel cells and hydraulic fluid reservoirs and computer based fire models

EQUIPMENT Chairman C Dean Perry - lincoln Room

We have experienced extraordinary leaps in fire fighting equipment over the past several years One of the most spectacular equipments is the Land Harpoon which will be discussed during this session

HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONSIDERATIONS Chairman Emory Champney -Roosevelt Room

Ibis Worlcshop covers elements involved in developing a hazard assessment an actual assessment of a shipboard scenario and risk analysis which addresses the chance or probability of injury or damage Dr Robert Tapscott will di~ss The HalonOzone Problem Technological Approaches Presentations will also be made by 10 DiPinto of DuPont RB Cbuke of Benjamin CIadre Associates and J Hall of the National Fire Protection Association

EDUCATION amp TRAINING Chairman David Joynt -Jefferson Room

This Worlcshop will include presentations on Leam Not to Burn and the safety features of the 19F Series Shipboard Firefighting Trainers

COATINGS amp INSULATION Chairman George Hidy - Kennedy Room

Coatings and Insulations are an integral part of an effective fire protection program They are used to insulate and keep fuel heat andmiddotoxygen separate Because they can add to the fire load it is important that fire retardant non-smoking non-toxic coatings and insulations be cbosen This worlcshop emphasizes this pressing issue and specifically focuses on new technologies and solutions

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION Chairmen Dr Wesley Clayton amp Mr Gary Hilbert- lincoln Room

This committeeworlcshop will focus on the Health Effects of Fire Bill McCutcheon from Cairns Brothers will provide a detailed presentation on protective clothing and helmets at this session

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION Chairman Bill Cullen -Arlington Room

Mr Tim Foreman from the Office of the Secretary of Defense will provide a detailed explanation of the government acquisition process and estimates of government needs for fire protection equipment

10 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

o 0 000

DEMONSTRATIONS The following are the currently planned demonstrations in tenative order

(Actual order will depend upon weather)

PYROTENAX USA INC BAKER SAFETY EQUIPMENT INC ROCKWOOD SYSTEMS CORP Mr Alvin Steinbach Mr Ralph Baker Mr Juanita Kuattila 5462 Treefrog Place Pyles Lane 640 E Main St Columbia MD 21045 New Castle DE 19720 PO Box 810 301-997-5105 302-652-7080 Lancaster TX 75146 Uses amp benefits of mineral insulated Simulated Safety Drop from Hyatt 214-227-3100

cable for wiring critical circuits Regency (30 Min) Foam Application

WING ENTERPRISES INC KT CORPORATION Mr Steve Gamer Mr WE Gutman SKEDCO 2241 South Larsen Parkway 300 Long Beach Blvd Mr Bud Calkin Provo UT 84601 Stratford CT 06497 16420 W 72nd Avenue PO Box 801-375-9620 203-377-5900 230366 The unique fire fighting capabilities of Voice Amplification amp Personal Alert Portland OR 97224

the Little Giant Ladder System (5 Min) 503-639-2119

NATIONAL DRAEGER INC Patient Packaging MAN-SAF TECHNOLOGIES INC Mr Ray Clarke Mr Chuck Ferguson 10 I Tech Drive 4022 Old Bardstown Road Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 DOWNEY INC Louisville KY 40218 412-787-8383 Ms Dianne Drake 502-499-9999 National Draegers Mobile 45 foot SCBA 12650 C Lake Ridge Drive

Training Center which permits users to Lake Ridge VA 22192 XmiddotSTlNG a new unique safety attachmiddot learn about their SCBA and their abUity to 703-550-8033

ment that fits most oxylfuel cutting-weldshy perform under stressfullbut controlled Fire Retardant Corrugated Boxes ing torches and converts torch immedishy conditions (45 Min) Duocom portable ately into afire extinguisher with the lift of two-man decompression chamber HOLMATRO INC afinger (15 Min) Mr Peter Penoyar

412 Headquarters Drive PARATECH INC PO Box 99

ARC AIR COMPANY Mr Peter Nielsen Millersville MD 21108 Mr James A Horwath 1025 Lambrecht Rd 301-987-6633 PO Box 406 Frankfort IT 60423 Rescue tooL LancasterOH 43130 815-469-3911 614-653-5618 Air bags Air Gun 40 - Paknammer 90 SPACEmiddotAGE TECHNOLOGY Portable exothermic cutting system forcible entry pneumatic tools (30middot45 PRODUCTS INC

SUCE

Min) Mr Harry Shayman 4536 West Lawrence Avenue

EASTPORT INTERNATIONAL INC Chicago IL 60630 AMERICAN HEAT SAFETY VIDEO Mr Michael Higgins 312-725-0404

PRODUCTIONS INC 501 Prince Georges Blvd Mr John Leonard Upper Marlboro MD 20772 A carton is painted with Tough 240 Souriegn Ct Suite C 30 1-249-3300 Coat Paint then fire is applied with St Louis MO 63011 a torch to show the resistive qualities 800-722-2443 Eastports SPAAT Product Using a comshy of the toughcoat paint The paper

pressed Air Driven Tool cut through a carton is constructed in much the Various Videos on Fire Suppression and Mock-up of an aircraft section amp apply a same manner as a furnace using

Emergency Medical Services fire-fighting agent (C02) paper flues

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 11

o 0 0 0 0 DEMONSTRATIONS (Continued)

that combines real-time communications TEMPEST TECHNOLOGY CORshyTASK FORCE TIPS INC (KK with georelational decision support With PORATIONPRODUCTS) nearly 400 systems in use on the US Mr Charles M WilliardMr Douglas C McMillan Canada and the Carribean the EIS Route 7 Box 916 2800 E Evans Ave operates at crisis scenes on portable comshy Boone NC 28607 Valparaiso IN 46383 puters and communicates back to a netshy 704-264-5880219-462-6161 worked operations center by telephone Positive Pressure Ventilation Use theUse of automatic pressure regulating satellite and pocket radio Users include tempest Power Blower and a Non-toxic nozzle with differentfoam types utilizing local and state government military bases electric smoke generator to show the the TFT foam jet air aspirating attachshyand private corporations The action of a advantages of this machines ability toment

clear smoke quicker and safer than EIS Response Team in Jamaica in the days VSIINC negative pressure ventilation following hurricane Gilbert will be highshyMr John Laudennilk

lighted in the presentation W S DARLEY amp CO335 Lake Seminary Circle Mr Paul C Darley - Bob Spertzel EI DU PONT DE NEMOURS ampPOBox 1392 2000 Anson DrCOMPANYMaitland FL 32751 Melrose Park IL 60160 Ms Nancy M Carver407-339-0403

EAD NA-226 312-345-8050 1007 Market Street The Darley Champion HE 18 BSSMOKEMASTER Wilmington DE 19898 capable of producing over 500 GPM Portable smoke generator in producing 302-774-2692 from draft and priced about one-half the a non-toxic white fog type smoke Demonstration will consist of an inshy price of other comparable portable The Smokemasteris a lightweight (24

pumpsstant-starting exothermic cutting torch Lbs) package that requires 115 volt and that will be used on various metals and AMERICAN FIRE EQUIPMENT12-14 amps of current and can start up metallic objects Mr Clifton M Wilderin less than 30 seconds

13720 Dabney Road TEMPO GLOVE MANUFACTURshyRESEARCH ALTERNATIVES INC Woodbridge VA 22191INGINCMr Steve Johnson 703-643-1005Mr Richard Manolman 966 Hungerford Dr On Spot Chains at Booth 3820 W Wisconsin Ave Suite 3

Milwaukee WI 53208 SW VIRGINIA RESEARCH AND Rockville MD 20850 414-344-1100 DEVELOPMENT301-424-2803

Mr Walt Hennan Fire Gloves amp HoodsA large screen demonstration using a POBox 1175MALYNE ENTERPRISES Sony projector to display the computer Abingdon VA 24210Mr Ronald Krempasky capabilities for locating and fighting 703-628-12615731 Palmer Way Suite C-lhazardous materials using the emergenshyA live-fire ofthe LAND-HARPOON toCarlsbad CA 92008 cy information systemschemical version

619-931-1231 show how it works and the ease ofextinshy(EISC) software guishing a fire or controlling a chemical IDEANETICS SIMULATORS SYS Overview There is no more spatially spillMr Edward Wright dependent fonn of management than the

SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC management of crisis Whether the crisis 6413 Glenroy St Mr Frank Cerven is a natural disaster military action or San Diego CA 92120 17-01 Pollitt Drive 619-286-3718technological accident the geography of

A 35 mm slide is projected on a screen the event and the spatial distribution of PO Box 950 (aircraft barracks shopping mall etc) FairLawnNJ 07410vulnerable populations and resource

201-794-0200supply systems is a primary detenninant as the slide is being projeted simulated Hull insulation Fire Trainer from the of decision options fire and smoke are introduced to the fire

21Cl2 Training Systems 0As a result the graphic and geographic scene in theform ofrealistic animation display of decision support infonnation is The trainees respond to what they see criticaJ to the management of crisis and hear just as they would at a actual

This presentation details the real-world fire The training officer can instantly applications of the Emergency Infonnashy change the fire behaviors as he responds tion System Software a crisis-proven tool to the trainees decisions

12 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

CALL FOR PAPERS DEMONSTRATIONS amp EXHIBITS

FIRST ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MILIT ARY FIRE PROTECTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION

VIRGINIA BEACH PAVILION NORFOLK VIRGINIA AREA

October 16-19 1989

AREAS

Aircraft - Surface Ships - Aircraft Carriers - Submarines - Land Combat and Tracked Vehicles - Military Facilities Buildings and Housing - Munitions

TOPICS

subrnitledto

MATERIALS bull Passive Fire Protection Materials bull Fabrics and Clothing (Regular and Protective) bull Structural and Fabricated Materials bull Composites bull Paints and Coatings bull Hydraulic Fluids Oils and Greases bull Outfitting and Furnishing Materials (Including

Furniture Bedding amp Linens) bull Power and Signal Cables bull Thermal and Acoustic Insulations and Wallboard bull Packaging Containers and Wood

DESIGN bull Electrical amp Electronic Systems bull Design Features bull Maintenance Practices

EQUIPMENT bull FireFlameSmoke Detectors and Activation

Systems bull Firefighting Equipment bull Fire Suppressants bull Emergency Medical Supplies

HAZARD ASSESSMENT amp RISK

EDUCATION amp TRAINING

bull Training Plans bull Technical Information and Training Materials bull Simulators and Trainers

COATING AND INSULATION

bull Coatings bull Sealants bull Fire Blocking Materials bull Insulating Materials

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION

bull Respiratory Protection bull Protective Clothing

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION bull Government Procurement Organizations bull Government Procurement Procedures bull Performance Specifications amp Commercial

Item Descriptions bull Non-development Items bull Logistics Support

F EAT U R E THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE DEFENSE

FIRE FIGHTING AT SEA By Senator John McCain

(From an address to the DFPA Membership Hyatt Regency Hotel Crystal City Arlington Va on February 231988)

I t seems a bit strange given all the talk we hear about advanced technology to be standing here today and to have

to talk about fire fighting We spend so much time talking about smart weapons that we often fail to remember they hit things and that some of these things are our ships

I suspect that sailors are particularly prone to ignore the risks involved in being hit We have no place to run to We also tend to ignore risks of fire in spite of centuries oflessons to the contrary It may be that being surrounded by water makes it harder to think about fire but more seriously I suspect that many of us really dont want to think about the consequenshyces of a really major fire aboard ship

Nevertheless naval firefighting is as imshyportant as all the missiles aircraft and black boxes that make up todays Navy We sawall too clearly in World War II how many times firefighting decided whether a carrier or major surface ship would surshyvive an air or torpedo attack

I personally have seen the horror of a major carrier fire that was the result of an accident not an enemy strike and which killed hundreds of my fellow crewman

The Navy took these fires seriously It made many individual improvements imshymediately In 1979 it formed an aircraft carrier flag level firefighting steering committee In 1982 it formed a surshyvivability review group to review design practices and to try to improve surshyvivability Both these groups are still in operation

In 1983-1984 the CNO added a special ship survivability program to Navy design activity which concentrated on passive fire protection These activities led to the alteration of nearly 300 ships

14

Long before the Falklands these measures led to better training better crew protection more firefighting equipment the use of halon firefighting systems and kevlar back-up of metal armor

Nevertheless the Falklands again taught us the importance of firefighting The British lost more warships to fires and bomb disposal problems than to any other cause They found out that sophisticated weapons cannot be blocked with sophistishycated defenses

The British had to learn the hard way the costs of the tendency to slack off on firefighting training and equipment in time of peace Like us they tended to think in terms of our weapons and equipshyment The Royal Navy was never quite able to find enough training time It tended to squeeze its readiness and equipshyment budgets When push came to shove it tended to ignore the problem of fire until one started

Equally important they learned that most sophisticated defenses present very special fire fighting problems

bull They suffered from a tendency to over centralize all control functions in the battle center of a ship

bull They tended to over-automate the basic functions of a ship including fire fighting

bull They tended to fill a ship with wire This broke down the compartmenshytalization of the ship and created a massive and poisonous fire hazard

bull Finally the need to keep adding anshytennas and weapons led them to make ships top heavy and to use less armor This made ships and comshypartments easier to penetrate and made many barriers so thin that heat spread fire from section to section as well as trapped and often killed the crew

Defense Fire Protection Association

Now I suspect that many of you are already beginning to think of the USS STARK Unfortunately many of these lessons from the Falklands did apply to our own experience in the Persian Gulf

This was not because we refused to learn from other navies The Navy paid careful attention to what happened in the Falklands It conducted an in depth study in 1984 to determine how it should change its ship designs and fire fighting methods This panel identified 87 individual lesshysons of which 25 were already covered by existing practices 21 required refineshymentsand41 required changes Some47 design lessons came out of the conflict

A special damage controlfirefighting working group was also set up which I think many of you are already aware of As I understand it this forums annual meetings have already led to hundreds of recommendations and several hundred have already been evaluated or approved

The problem with the STARK was that it takes years to redesign and rebuild ships and once again the problem of limited resources and competing priorities intervened

I am not going to get into to the details of the debate between the Captain of the STARK and the Navy I am in no position to judge the causes that led to an Exocet hitting the ship Nevertheless it is clear that the Navy had not had time to make the improvements it had learned from the Falklands

Further we still had additional lessons to learn on our own In fact if it had not been for an incredible job of firefighting -which was only possible because other ships could come to the support of the STARK without having to worry about further attack-we would have lost the ship to two small missiles designed to temporarily incapacitate combat ships rather than sink them

Directory

o 0 000 This incidentally is a key lesson we all

need to bear in mind in talking about firefighting Accidents and incidents are not war Our ships in the Gulf were not really then in harms way in the Gulf as they would be in war We had other comshybat ships in support that could devote full time to aiding the STARK we had a tug with firefighting capability and we had USAF and Saudi air cover

In combat we could have been dealing with multiple strikes on a US Reet by Soviet missiles with at least five times the explosive of the Exocet In combat the STARK would have sunk its limited firefighting supplies would have quickly been exhausted and many more of its crew would have burned to death

But lets turn back to what happened to the STARK I know you have all read about the attack and many will have studied the Blue Ribbon Report on the incident The key points are that two very small missiles hit an FFG 7 Class Ship and they started a major fire

Both missiles hit the port side of the hull forward They ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a transverse watertight bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing through two berthing areas One did not explode but the propellant burned at about 3000 degrees fahrenheit and started a fire The second missile then hit at roughly the same point It exploded and fueled the fire in the same general area

The two missiles set all combustibles in the berthing compartment on fire The firemain pressure was too low to be usable and there was fire in the compartshyment under the RADAR-IFF-CIC or Ricer Room The fire was fed by the polyvinyl chloride jacketing on electrical cables

To use purely technical tenns all hell broke lose In spite of the fact the crew rushed in a portable pump the fire spread vertically by conduction It burned the ricer space and the combat infonnation center Ifit had not been for a commercial salvage tug the ability to get emergency equipment and breathing apparatus from other ships and the rescue and assistance teams from nearby ships we could have lost the STARK and possibly much of its crew As it stands we lost 37 crewmen although no one was killed or seriously wounded during the firefighting efforts

I think the Navy can be proud of the speed with which it reacted to the STARK incident The Secretary of the Navy apshypointed a Blue Ribbon Panel to study the survivability of current ships and the changes to be made in future designs

The main conclusions of this panel were to support the conclusions the Navy had already drawn from the fighting in the Falklands but had not had time to act upon They were

bull To rush relocation of fire pump location and the isolation and resitshying of the firemains

bull To improve drainage of fire fighting water on the top deck

bull To improve fire insulation on bulkheads and vital decks

bull To improve smoke control and the numbers and capabilities of deshysmoking equipment

bull To reduce the load of combustibles and particularly of electrical cables

bull To rush the deployment of imshyproved portable fire fighting equipshyment including wire free damage control communications equipshyment equipment for cutting through bulkheads and decks breathing equipment firefighter protective clothing and dewatering pumps

Now these are all technical solutions which you are better equipped to judge than I am but the Navy also laid out new plans for ship design and improvement upgrades doctrine and procedures for firefighting survivability funding RampD into countering the anti-ship missile threat materials RampD and a host of other issues

Further it not only developed recomshymendations for backfitting it is considershying rules that would only allow deviations from ship survivability design principles if they were directly approved by the CNO on the advice of COMNAVshySEASYSCOM

Is this enough No I am sure it is not We have to live in a world where killing mechanisms improve as fast as defenses We never are going to be able to solve our problems by standing still or simply by using better active defense and annor As long as our enemies create smarter and better weapons we are going to need smarter and better fire fighters

This however gentlemen is where you come in You may be cheaper than an Aegis cruiser but you are at least as imshyportant If you cant help us learn the next set offirefighting lessons now before we have to learn them the hard way we are going to lose more men and ships This will be especially true if we have to learn our lessons in war

I hope you are going to spare us from having to learn the hard way Let me also say as a fonner naval aviator that I hope youll keep reminding us of how imporshytant firefighting really is and that we need to give it the proper resources Much as I love airplanes I also love having a place to land It can get lonely when that place it burningO

(Continued from page 6)

The Proceedings and Report of DFPAs February 1988 Symposium and the May 1987 Symposium includes over 100 recommenshydations to make our military vehicles more firesafe and survivable includes texts of speakers addresses list of participants the 15 workshop reports and descriptions of exhibits and seminars This will be supplemented with proceedings from the Oct 88 Norfolk Fire Protection Conference

Directories of fire resistant materials fire protection safety and survivability equipment and systems features and technologies and associated sourcesO

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 15

F EAT U R E

SHIPBOARDFURN~HINGS

HIGHER STANDARDS NEEDED NOW By Mr Al Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc

Within little more than a year the Persian Gulf USS Stark incishydent and the USS Boneish fire

in the Atlantic have dramatically emshyphasized the consequences of fire on board ships The loss of the Sheffield in the Falklands preceded those incidents all of which further emphasize the need for only the safest of outfittings and furnishshyings with regard to flame propagation smoke emission and toxicity

Coincidental with the time frame of the aforementioned events the US Navy specification for flame resistant cushionshying (furniture bedding etc) to be used on board naval vessels MIL-R-20092 has undergone revision and the present L vershysion has been changed to a performance specification from its former material (polychloroprene) specification There is no doubt that a lot of diligent hard effort has been put forth by the specifying inshyfluences connected with MIL-R-20092 and shipboard habitability in general A performance standard theoretically brings about greater competition and subsequent economic benefits for the Services and thats good for the taxpayer The specifiers have done their usual good job but they simply havent gone far enough to give our fighting men the ultimate in fire safety when comparing current state of the art in small scale testing versus the present reshyquirements of MIL-R-20092 That parshyticular specification demands a little fine tuning ie a little tightening up with respect to flammability That statement has more impact ifone believes that it may be before live fire testing evolves

In the interim there is a test method readily available which at least one govemmental entity believes will closely and accurately correlate andor predict full scale (live fire test) results That entity is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the test method is ASTM Eshy906-83 entitled Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

To paraphrase the ASTM description of the test method it can be used to detershymine the release rates of heat and visible smoke from materials and products when exposed to different levels of radiant heat testing same under a constant imposed external heat flux that may be varied upshywards to thousands ofdegrees Fahrenheit

The FAA after full scale fire tests conshyducted numerous laboratory tests to corshyrelate possible material qualification test methods with those full scale tests The net result was that ASTM E-906-83 also known as the Ohio State University (OSU) rate ofheat release apparatus was determined to he the most suitable and demonstrated that it would accurately predict what could be expected of interior materials in typical post-crash fires

At this point we must take note of a certain logic connected with the FAA studies that appears to correlate closely with the shipboard environment in event of fire The FAA finds that there is a significant correlation between flamshymability and toxic emissions and that the severe hazard from toxic emissions ocshycurs as a result oflashover infires involvshying interior materials Thus the FAAs improved flammability standards inshydirectly address toxicity by requiring the use ofinterior materials with reduced heat release rates that delay or prevent the onset of flashover (a condition when high levels of toxic emissions occur) Moreover the FAA claims that the corshyrelation of the rate of heat release tests with full scale tests has demonstrated that heat release is an indication of flame spread a point which must be emshyphasized

In summation a strong recommendation must be made for revision of the present MIL-R-20092 specification which will provide for inclusion of ASTM E-906-83 at a radiant heat flux of 35 watts per square centimeter (35wcm2) The recommendation is strengthened by the following observations

Defense Fire Protection Association

bull The OSU heat release rate apparatus appears to closely and accurately predict full scale test results Lengthy FAA testshying appears to demonstrate unquesshytionable correlation

bull The FAA believes the present demonstrated correlation is sufficient to proceed with use of the OSU test apshyparatus and will enhance the level of fire safety

bull The OSU apparatus appears to be reasonably available (as opposed to wideshyly available) in the United States Fifteen independent labs currently use the OSU rate of heat release apparatus for nonshyaircraft applications One quite naturalshyIy is in use at OSU on a consulting basis and as the need arises other labs will undoubtedly acquire the apparatus

bull The apparatus does not appear to be prohibitively costly

bull The use of the OSU apparatus will result in improved flammability standards for at least the time being in aircraft inteshyriors and those standards will provide adshyditional egress time in the event of emershygency

In very simplistic terms we are recomshymending that several years of hard effort and the expenditure of many dollars by the FAA be considered by the services in order to provide the most stringent yet practical specification governing flexible materials used for furniture and bedding

For the moment quite frankly it would appear that the wheel does not have to be re-invented It is already in place and needs only to be utilized in order to make a good specification an even better oneO

SOURCES

1 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Federal Register 14 CPR Parts 25 and 121 Improved Flanunability Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Transport Category Airplane Cabins

2 American Society For Testing and Materials Designation E 906-83 Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

Directory 16

F EAT U R E

POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION By Charles Willard Tempest Technology Corporation

Positive pressure ventilation involshyves the introduction of air into a burning building to reduce heat and

gases and to increase visibility This process allows the fireman to get to the seat of the frre quicker and use less water to extinguish the fire It also eliminates the chance of flashover and steam bum as well as providing a more tenable working environment for the fireman

Conventional ventilation methods have generally included 2 types natural and negative pressure Natural ventilation takes advantage of the air movement outshyside a structure by using existing openshyings Negative pressure ventilation has been accomplished by placing electric fans in doors or windows to suck or pull the smoke out In negative pressure venshytilation access to the structure is blocked by the fan hanging in the door or window

There is a third type ofventilation called positive pressure This technique has many advantages and additional benefits over the other two types

Positive pressure ventilation involves the placement of high volume blowers to push out the smoke As smoke is pushed out so are heat and gases Visibility is increased and temperature is decreased allowing the fireman and water to get to the seat of the frre quicker For this reason less water is necessary to extinguish the frr and less water damage results

TRAINING REQUIRED Upon the introduction of positive presshy

sure the chance of flashover and steam burn are eliminated This is because the air flow provided by the blower gives smoke heat gases and water vapor a direction to go away from the firefighter

For proper positive pressure ventilation techniques to work training is necessary For example the practice ofbreaking winshydows to introduce fresh air all around a structure (helpful in natural or negative pressure ventilation) is a disadvantage in positive pressure The integrity of the structure should be maintained In most cases only a window or door in the room of fire origin would be opened

The dangerous duty of vertical ventilashytion through the roof is greatly reduced as most fire can be ventilated horizontally

Positive pressure ventilation as a fire attack technique is being used with great success and has many applications which have not yet been realized In general the fire can be extinguished faster cleaner and safer than conventional techniques and greatly reduce property damageO

Defense Fire Protection AssociationDirectory 17

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

Directory 18

o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

Directory

Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

INTRODUCING FOUR OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE

FIRE EMERGENCY PRODUCTS AVAIl ABLE

1EMERGENCY BURN CARE Water-Jellowers and stabilizes skin temperature easing the pain and calming the patient And because Water-Jel is bacteriostatic covered wounds are protected from further contamination

2EXTINGUISHES FLAME ON VICTIM When victim is covered with Water-Iel flame is put out It also prevents burn progression by immediately cooling down the victim

Introducing Water-Jel shya revolutionary multi-use product for emergency burn care and fire protecshytion Its so fast and easy to use it will totally change the way you approach fire emergencies

No special training is required Just open the patented Water-Jel packet or container and apply the gel-soaked special carrier This Simple one-step product is ideal for all potential fire or burn areas including emergency medical

3PROTECTS RESCUER Water-Jel Blankets shield against intense heat and flames enabling a rescuer to reach and treat the victim

industrial government military and commercial Its packaging

makes it easily accessible and available for use anywhere with or without the presence of water

Water-Jel comes in sizes from an 8 x 6 (244cm x 183cm)Blanket to a 2x 6 (Scm x 1 Scm) Sterile Burn Dressing For more informationon this revolutionary 4-in-1 fire emergency product contact Trilling Medical Technologies Inc now

WATERmiddotJEI IF ITS NOT ON HAND bullbullbull YOURE PLAYING WITH FIREI

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THE DEFENSE FIRE PROTECTION SYMPOSIUM-MATERIALS and TECHNOLOGY EXPOSITION FEBRUARYmiddot14~16 1989

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l6n ~ n17 130 011

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925

926

o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

~SYMTRON _ SYSTEMS inc

17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

FORMERLY AUSTIN ELECTRONICS

IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

CHANGES WELL CHANGE THISD

254ACounIyUneRcL Hatboro PA 19040

(215) 443-5008

OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

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Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

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Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

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WORKSHOP HIGHLIGHTS In general the workshops conform to the recentlyformed DFPA

committees and the Workshop Chairmen are also the Committee Chairmen

MATERIALS Chairman Dale L Trout -Jefferson Room

Materials are the key to fire protection because it is generally not possible to eliminate ignition sources or oxygen (ampom the fire triangle) Materials include everything from hydraulic fluids to cable insulation paints regular clothing and composites and the retardants that can be added to these materials

DESIGN Chairman David Geer - Kennedy Room

The Design Worlcshop will focus on System Design for Survivability and Performance and include a look at how electrical circuit breakers do or do not provide adequate fire protection Powder Packs that protect fuel cells and hydraulic fluid reservoirs and computer based fire models

EQUIPMENT Chairman C Dean Perry - lincoln Room

We have experienced extraordinary leaps in fire fighting equipment over the past several years One of the most spectacular equipments is the Land Harpoon which will be discussed during this session

HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONSIDERATIONS Chairman Emory Champney -Roosevelt Room

Ibis Worlcshop covers elements involved in developing a hazard assessment an actual assessment of a shipboard scenario and risk analysis which addresses the chance or probability of injury or damage Dr Robert Tapscott will di~ss The HalonOzone Problem Technological Approaches Presentations will also be made by 10 DiPinto of DuPont RB Cbuke of Benjamin CIadre Associates and J Hall of the National Fire Protection Association

EDUCATION amp TRAINING Chairman David Joynt -Jefferson Room

This Worlcshop will include presentations on Leam Not to Burn and the safety features of the 19F Series Shipboard Firefighting Trainers

COATINGS amp INSULATION Chairman George Hidy - Kennedy Room

Coatings and Insulations are an integral part of an effective fire protection program They are used to insulate and keep fuel heat andmiddotoxygen separate Because they can add to the fire load it is important that fire retardant non-smoking non-toxic coatings and insulations be cbosen This worlcshop emphasizes this pressing issue and specifically focuses on new technologies and solutions

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION Chairmen Dr Wesley Clayton amp Mr Gary Hilbert- lincoln Room

This committeeworlcshop will focus on the Health Effects of Fire Bill McCutcheon from Cairns Brothers will provide a detailed presentation on protective clothing and helmets at this session

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION Chairman Bill Cullen -Arlington Room

Mr Tim Foreman from the Office of the Secretary of Defense will provide a detailed explanation of the government acquisition process and estimates of government needs for fire protection equipment

10 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

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DEMONSTRATIONS The following are the currently planned demonstrations in tenative order

(Actual order will depend upon weather)

PYROTENAX USA INC BAKER SAFETY EQUIPMENT INC ROCKWOOD SYSTEMS CORP Mr Alvin Steinbach Mr Ralph Baker Mr Juanita Kuattila 5462 Treefrog Place Pyles Lane 640 E Main St Columbia MD 21045 New Castle DE 19720 PO Box 810 301-997-5105 302-652-7080 Lancaster TX 75146 Uses amp benefits of mineral insulated Simulated Safety Drop from Hyatt 214-227-3100

cable for wiring critical circuits Regency (30 Min) Foam Application

WING ENTERPRISES INC KT CORPORATION Mr Steve Gamer Mr WE Gutman SKEDCO 2241 South Larsen Parkway 300 Long Beach Blvd Mr Bud Calkin Provo UT 84601 Stratford CT 06497 16420 W 72nd Avenue PO Box 801-375-9620 203-377-5900 230366 The unique fire fighting capabilities of Voice Amplification amp Personal Alert Portland OR 97224

the Little Giant Ladder System (5 Min) 503-639-2119

NATIONAL DRAEGER INC Patient Packaging MAN-SAF TECHNOLOGIES INC Mr Ray Clarke Mr Chuck Ferguson 10 I Tech Drive 4022 Old Bardstown Road Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 DOWNEY INC Louisville KY 40218 412-787-8383 Ms Dianne Drake 502-499-9999 National Draegers Mobile 45 foot SCBA 12650 C Lake Ridge Drive

Training Center which permits users to Lake Ridge VA 22192 XmiddotSTlNG a new unique safety attachmiddot learn about their SCBA and their abUity to 703-550-8033

ment that fits most oxylfuel cutting-weldshy perform under stressfullbut controlled Fire Retardant Corrugated Boxes ing torches and converts torch immedishy conditions (45 Min) Duocom portable ately into afire extinguisher with the lift of two-man decompression chamber HOLMATRO INC afinger (15 Min) Mr Peter Penoyar

412 Headquarters Drive PARATECH INC PO Box 99

ARC AIR COMPANY Mr Peter Nielsen Millersville MD 21108 Mr James A Horwath 1025 Lambrecht Rd 301-987-6633 PO Box 406 Frankfort IT 60423 Rescue tooL LancasterOH 43130 815-469-3911 614-653-5618 Air bags Air Gun 40 - Paknammer 90 SPACEmiddotAGE TECHNOLOGY Portable exothermic cutting system forcible entry pneumatic tools (30middot45 PRODUCTS INC

SUCE

Min) Mr Harry Shayman 4536 West Lawrence Avenue

EASTPORT INTERNATIONAL INC Chicago IL 60630 AMERICAN HEAT SAFETY VIDEO Mr Michael Higgins 312-725-0404

PRODUCTIONS INC 501 Prince Georges Blvd Mr John Leonard Upper Marlboro MD 20772 A carton is painted with Tough 240 Souriegn Ct Suite C 30 1-249-3300 Coat Paint then fire is applied with St Louis MO 63011 a torch to show the resistive qualities 800-722-2443 Eastports SPAAT Product Using a comshy of the toughcoat paint The paper

pressed Air Driven Tool cut through a carton is constructed in much the Various Videos on Fire Suppression and Mock-up of an aircraft section amp apply a same manner as a furnace using

Emergency Medical Services fire-fighting agent (C02) paper flues

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 11

o 0 0 0 0 DEMONSTRATIONS (Continued)

that combines real-time communications TEMPEST TECHNOLOGY CORshyTASK FORCE TIPS INC (KK with georelational decision support With PORATIONPRODUCTS) nearly 400 systems in use on the US Mr Charles M WilliardMr Douglas C McMillan Canada and the Carribean the EIS Route 7 Box 916 2800 E Evans Ave operates at crisis scenes on portable comshy Boone NC 28607 Valparaiso IN 46383 puters and communicates back to a netshy 704-264-5880219-462-6161 worked operations center by telephone Positive Pressure Ventilation Use theUse of automatic pressure regulating satellite and pocket radio Users include tempest Power Blower and a Non-toxic nozzle with differentfoam types utilizing local and state government military bases electric smoke generator to show the the TFT foam jet air aspirating attachshyand private corporations The action of a advantages of this machines ability toment

clear smoke quicker and safer than EIS Response Team in Jamaica in the days VSIINC negative pressure ventilation following hurricane Gilbert will be highshyMr John Laudennilk

lighted in the presentation W S DARLEY amp CO335 Lake Seminary Circle Mr Paul C Darley - Bob Spertzel EI DU PONT DE NEMOURS ampPOBox 1392 2000 Anson DrCOMPANYMaitland FL 32751 Melrose Park IL 60160 Ms Nancy M Carver407-339-0403

EAD NA-226 312-345-8050 1007 Market Street The Darley Champion HE 18 BSSMOKEMASTER Wilmington DE 19898 capable of producing over 500 GPM Portable smoke generator in producing 302-774-2692 from draft and priced about one-half the a non-toxic white fog type smoke Demonstration will consist of an inshy price of other comparable portable The Smokemasteris a lightweight (24

pumpsstant-starting exothermic cutting torch Lbs) package that requires 115 volt and that will be used on various metals and AMERICAN FIRE EQUIPMENT12-14 amps of current and can start up metallic objects Mr Clifton M Wilderin less than 30 seconds

13720 Dabney Road TEMPO GLOVE MANUFACTURshyRESEARCH ALTERNATIVES INC Woodbridge VA 22191INGINCMr Steve Johnson 703-643-1005Mr Richard Manolman 966 Hungerford Dr On Spot Chains at Booth 3820 W Wisconsin Ave Suite 3

Milwaukee WI 53208 SW VIRGINIA RESEARCH AND Rockville MD 20850 414-344-1100 DEVELOPMENT301-424-2803

Mr Walt Hennan Fire Gloves amp HoodsA large screen demonstration using a POBox 1175MALYNE ENTERPRISES Sony projector to display the computer Abingdon VA 24210Mr Ronald Krempasky capabilities for locating and fighting 703-628-12615731 Palmer Way Suite C-lhazardous materials using the emergenshyA live-fire ofthe LAND-HARPOON toCarlsbad CA 92008 cy information systemschemical version

619-931-1231 show how it works and the ease ofextinshy(EISC) software guishing a fire or controlling a chemical IDEANETICS SIMULATORS SYS Overview There is no more spatially spillMr Edward Wright dependent fonn of management than the

SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC management of crisis Whether the crisis 6413 Glenroy St Mr Frank Cerven is a natural disaster military action or San Diego CA 92120 17-01 Pollitt Drive 619-286-3718technological accident the geography of

A 35 mm slide is projected on a screen the event and the spatial distribution of PO Box 950 (aircraft barracks shopping mall etc) FairLawnNJ 07410vulnerable populations and resource

201-794-0200supply systems is a primary detenninant as the slide is being projeted simulated Hull insulation Fire Trainer from the of decision options fire and smoke are introduced to the fire

21Cl2 Training Systems 0As a result the graphic and geographic scene in theform ofrealistic animation display of decision support infonnation is The trainees respond to what they see criticaJ to the management of crisis and hear just as they would at a actual

This presentation details the real-world fire The training officer can instantly applications of the Emergency Infonnashy change the fire behaviors as he responds tion System Software a crisis-proven tool to the trainees decisions

12 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

CALL FOR PAPERS DEMONSTRATIONS amp EXHIBITS

FIRST ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MILIT ARY FIRE PROTECTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION

VIRGINIA BEACH PAVILION NORFOLK VIRGINIA AREA

October 16-19 1989

AREAS

Aircraft - Surface Ships - Aircraft Carriers - Submarines - Land Combat and Tracked Vehicles - Military Facilities Buildings and Housing - Munitions

TOPICS

subrnitledto

MATERIALS bull Passive Fire Protection Materials bull Fabrics and Clothing (Regular and Protective) bull Structural and Fabricated Materials bull Composites bull Paints and Coatings bull Hydraulic Fluids Oils and Greases bull Outfitting and Furnishing Materials (Including

Furniture Bedding amp Linens) bull Power and Signal Cables bull Thermal and Acoustic Insulations and Wallboard bull Packaging Containers and Wood

DESIGN bull Electrical amp Electronic Systems bull Design Features bull Maintenance Practices

EQUIPMENT bull FireFlameSmoke Detectors and Activation

Systems bull Firefighting Equipment bull Fire Suppressants bull Emergency Medical Supplies

HAZARD ASSESSMENT amp RISK

EDUCATION amp TRAINING

bull Training Plans bull Technical Information and Training Materials bull Simulators and Trainers

COATING AND INSULATION

bull Coatings bull Sealants bull Fire Blocking Materials bull Insulating Materials

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION

bull Respiratory Protection bull Protective Clothing

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION bull Government Procurement Organizations bull Government Procurement Procedures bull Performance Specifications amp Commercial

Item Descriptions bull Non-development Items bull Logistics Support

F EAT U R E THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE DEFENSE

FIRE FIGHTING AT SEA By Senator John McCain

(From an address to the DFPA Membership Hyatt Regency Hotel Crystal City Arlington Va on February 231988)

I t seems a bit strange given all the talk we hear about advanced technology to be standing here today and to have

to talk about fire fighting We spend so much time talking about smart weapons that we often fail to remember they hit things and that some of these things are our ships

I suspect that sailors are particularly prone to ignore the risks involved in being hit We have no place to run to We also tend to ignore risks of fire in spite of centuries oflessons to the contrary It may be that being surrounded by water makes it harder to think about fire but more seriously I suspect that many of us really dont want to think about the consequenshyces of a really major fire aboard ship

Nevertheless naval firefighting is as imshyportant as all the missiles aircraft and black boxes that make up todays Navy We sawall too clearly in World War II how many times firefighting decided whether a carrier or major surface ship would surshyvive an air or torpedo attack

I personally have seen the horror of a major carrier fire that was the result of an accident not an enemy strike and which killed hundreds of my fellow crewman

The Navy took these fires seriously It made many individual improvements imshymediately In 1979 it formed an aircraft carrier flag level firefighting steering committee In 1982 it formed a surshyvivability review group to review design practices and to try to improve surshyvivability Both these groups are still in operation

In 1983-1984 the CNO added a special ship survivability program to Navy design activity which concentrated on passive fire protection These activities led to the alteration of nearly 300 ships

14

Long before the Falklands these measures led to better training better crew protection more firefighting equipment the use of halon firefighting systems and kevlar back-up of metal armor

Nevertheless the Falklands again taught us the importance of firefighting The British lost more warships to fires and bomb disposal problems than to any other cause They found out that sophisticated weapons cannot be blocked with sophistishycated defenses

The British had to learn the hard way the costs of the tendency to slack off on firefighting training and equipment in time of peace Like us they tended to think in terms of our weapons and equipshyment The Royal Navy was never quite able to find enough training time It tended to squeeze its readiness and equipshyment budgets When push came to shove it tended to ignore the problem of fire until one started

Equally important they learned that most sophisticated defenses present very special fire fighting problems

bull They suffered from a tendency to over centralize all control functions in the battle center of a ship

bull They tended to over-automate the basic functions of a ship including fire fighting

bull They tended to fill a ship with wire This broke down the compartmenshytalization of the ship and created a massive and poisonous fire hazard

bull Finally the need to keep adding anshytennas and weapons led them to make ships top heavy and to use less armor This made ships and comshypartments easier to penetrate and made many barriers so thin that heat spread fire from section to section as well as trapped and often killed the crew

Defense Fire Protection Association

Now I suspect that many of you are already beginning to think of the USS STARK Unfortunately many of these lessons from the Falklands did apply to our own experience in the Persian Gulf

This was not because we refused to learn from other navies The Navy paid careful attention to what happened in the Falklands It conducted an in depth study in 1984 to determine how it should change its ship designs and fire fighting methods This panel identified 87 individual lesshysons of which 25 were already covered by existing practices 21 required refineshymentsand41 required changes Some47 design lessons came out of the conflict

A special damage controlfirefighting working group was also set up which I think many of you are already aware of As I understand it this forums annual meetings have already led to hundreds of recommendations and several hundred have already been evaluated or approved

The problem with the STARK was that it takes years to redesign and rebuild ships and once again the problem of limited resources and competing priorities intervened

I am not going to get into to the details of the debate between the Captain of the STARK and the Navy I am in no position to judge the causes that led to an Exocet hitting the ship Nevertheless it is clear that the Navy had not had time to make the improvements it had learned from the Falklands

Further we still had additional lessons to learn on our own In fact if it had not been for an incredible job of firefighting -which was only possible because other ships could come to the support of the STARK without having to worry about further attack-we would have lost the ship to two small missiles designed to temporarily incapacitate combat ships rather than sink them

Directory

o 0 000 This incidentally is a key lesson we all

need to bear in mind in talking about firefighting Accidents and incidents are not war Our ships in the Gulf were not really then in harms way in the Gulf as they would be in war We had other comshybat ships in support that could devote full time to aiding the STARK we had a tug with firefighting capability and we had USAF and Saudi air cover

In combat we could have been dealing with multiple strikes on a US Reet by Soviet missiles with at least five times the explosive of the Exocet In combat the STARK would have sunk its limited firefighting supplies would have quickly been exhausted and many more of its crew would have burned to death

But lets turn back to what happened to the STARK I know you have all read about the attack and many will have studied the Blue Ribbon Report on the incident The key points are that two very small missiles hit an FFG 7 Class Ship and they started a major fire

Both missiles hit the port side of the hull forward They ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a transverse watertight bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing through two berthing areas One did not explode but the propellant burned at about 3000 degrees fahrenheit and started a fire The second missile then hit at roughly the same point It exploded and fueled the fire in the same general area

The two missiles set all combustibles in the berthing compartment on fire The firemain pressure was too low to be usable and there was fire in the compartshyment under the RADAR-IFF-CIC or Ricer Room The fire was fed by the polyvinyl chloride jacketing on electrical cables

To use purely technical tenns all hell broke lose In spite of the fact the crew rushed in a portable pump the fire spread vertically by conduction It burned the ricer space and the combat infonnation center Ifit had not been for a commercial salvage tug the ability to get emergency equipment and breathing apparatus from other ships and the rescue and assistance teams from nearby ships we could have lost the STARK and possibly much of its crew As it stands we lost 37 crewmen although no one was killed or seriously wounded during the firefighting efforts

I think the Navy can be proud of the speed with which it reacted to the STARK incident The Secretary of the Navy apshypointed a Blue Ribbon Panel to study the survivability of current ships and the changes to be made in future designs

The main conclusions of this panel were to support the conclusions the Navy had already drawn from the fighting in the Falklands but had not had time to act upon They were

bull To rush relocation of fire pump location and the isolation and resitshying of the firemains

bull To improve drainage of fire fighting water on the top deck

bull To improve fire insulation on bulkheads and vital decks

bull To improve smoke control and the numbers and capabilities of deshysmoking equipment

bull To reduce the load of combustibles and particularly of electrical cables

bull To rush the deployment of imshyproved portable fire fighting equipshyment including wire free damage control communications equipshyment equipment for cutting through bulkheads and decks breathing equipment firefighter protective clothing and dewatering pumps

Now these are all technical solutions which you are better equipped to judge than I am but the Navy also laid out new plans for ship design and improvement upgrades doctrine and procedures for firefighting survivability funding RampD into countering the anti-ship missile threat materials RampD and a host of other issues

Further it not only developed recomshymendations for backfitting it is considershying rules that would only allow deviations from ship survivability design principles if they were directly approved by the CNO on the advice of COMNAVshySEASYSCOM

Is this enough No I am sure it is not We have to live in a world where killing mechanisms improve as fast as defenses We never are going to be able to solve our problems by standing still or simply by using better active defense and annor As long as our enemies create smarter and better weapons we are going to need smarter and better fire fighters

This however gentlemen is where you come in You may be cheaper than an Aegis cruiser but you are at least as imshyportant If you cant help us learn the next set offirefighting lessons now before we have to learn them the hard way we are going to lose more men and ships This will be especially true if we have to learn our lessons in war

I hope you are going to spare us from having to learn the hard way Let me also say as a fonner naval aviator that I hope youll keep reminding us of how imporshytant firefighting really is and that we need to give it the proper resources Much as I love airplanes I also love having a place to land It can get lonely when that place it burningO

(Continued from page 6)

The Proceedings and Report of DFPAs February 1988 Symposium and the May 1987 Symposium includes over 100 recommenshydations to make our military vehicles more firesafe and survivable includes texts of speakers addresses list of participants the 15 workshop reports and descriptions of exhibits and seminars This will be supplemented with proceedings from the Oct 88 Norfolk Fire Protection Conference

Directories of fire resistant materials fire protection safety and survivability equipment and systems features and technologies and associated sourcesO

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 15

F EAT U R E

SHIPBOARDFURN~HINGS

HIGHER STANDARDS NEEDED NOW By Mr Al Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc

Within little more than a year the Persian Gulf USS Stark incishydent and the USS Boneish fire

in the Atlantic have dramatically emshyphasized the consequences of fire on board ships The loss of the Sheffield in the Falklands preceded those incidents all of which further emphasize the need for only the safest of outfittings and furnishshyings with regard to flame propagation smoke emission and toxicity

Coincidental with the time frame of the aforementioned events the US Navy specification for flame resistant cushionshying (furniture bedding etc) to be used on board naval vessels MIL-R-20092 has undergone revision and the present L vershysion has been changed to a performance specification from its former material (polychloroprene) specification There is no doubt that a lot of diligent hard effort has been put forth by the specifying inshyfluences connected with MIL-R-20092 and shipboard habitability in general A performance standard theoretically brings about greater competition and subsequent economic benefits for the Services and thats good for the taxpayer The specifiers have done their usual good job but they simply havent gone far enough to give our fighting men the ultimate in fire safety when comparing current state of the art in small scale testing versus the present reshyquirements of MIL-R-20092 That parshyticular specification demands a little fine tuning ie a little tightening up with respect to flammability That statement has more impact ifone believes that it may be before live fire testing evolves

In the interim there is a test method readily available which at least one govemmental entity believes will closely and accurately correlate andor predict full scale (live fire test) results That entity is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the test method is ASTM Eshy906-83 entitled Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

To paraphrase the ASTM description of the test method it can be used to detershymine the release rates of heat and visible smoke from materials and products when exposed to different levels of radiant heat testing same under a constant imposed external heat flux that may be varied upshywards to thousands ofdegrees Fahrenheit

The FAA after full scale fire tests conshyducted numerous laboratory tests to corshyrelate possible material qualification test methods with those full scale tests The net result was that ASTM E-906-83 also known as the Ohio State University (OSU) rate ofheat release apparatus was determined to he the most suitable and demonstrated that it would accurately predict what could be expected of interior materials in typical post-crash fires

At this point we must take note of a certain logic connected with the FAA studies that appears to correlate closely with the shipboard environment in event of fire The FAA finds that there is a significant correlation between flamshymability and toxic emissions and that the severe hazard from toxic emissions ocshycurs as a result oflashover infires involvshying interior materials Thus the FAAs improved flammability standards inshydirectly address toxicity by requiring the use ofinterior materials with reduced heat release rates that delay or prevent the onset of flashover (a condition when high levels of toxic emissions occur) Moreover the FAA claims that the corshyrelation of the rate of heat release tests with full scale tests has demonstrated that heat release is an indication of flame spread a point which must be emshyphasized

In summation a strong recommendation must be made for revision of the present MIL-R-20092 specification which will provide for inclusion of ASTM E-906-83 at a radiant heat flux of 35 watts per square centimeter (35wcm2) The recommendation is strengthened by the following observations

Defense Fire Protection Association

bull The OSU heat release rate apparatus appears to closely and accurately predict full scale test results Lengthy FAA testshying appears to demonstrate unquesshytionable correlation

bull The FAA believes the present demonstrated correlation is sufficient to proceed with use of the OSU test apshyparatus and will enhance the level of fire safety

bull The OSU apparatus appears to be reasonably available (as opposed to wideshyly available) in the United States Fifteen independent labs currently use the OSU rate of heat release apparatus for nonshyaircraft applications One quite naturalshyIy is in use at OSU on a consulting basis and as the need arises other labs will undoubtedly acquire the apparatus

bull The apparatus does not appear to be prohibitively costly

bull The use of the OSU apparatus will result in improved flammability standards for at least the time being in aircraft inteshyriors and those standards will provide adshyditional egress time in the event of emershygency

In very simplistic terms we are recomshymending that several years of hard effort and the expenditure of many dollars by the FAA be considered by the services in order to provide the most stringent yet practical specification governing flexible materials used for furniture and bedding

For the moment quite frankly it would appear that the wheel does not have to be re-invented It is already in place and needs only to be utilized in order to make a good specification an even better oneO

SOURCES

1 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Federal Register 14 CPR Parts 25 and 121 Improved Flanunability Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Transport Category Airplane Cabins

2 American Society For Testing and Materials Designation E 906-83 Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

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F EAT U R E

POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION By Charles Willard Tempest Technology Corporation

Positive pressure ventilation involshyves the introduction of air into a burning building to reduce heat and

gases and to increase visibility This process allows the fireman to get to the seat of the frre quicker and use less water to extinguish the fire It also eliminates the chance of flashover and steam bum as well as providing a more tenable working environment for the fireman

Conventional ventilation methods have generally included 2 types natural and negative pressure Natural ventilation takes advantage of the air movement outshyside a structure by using existing openshyings Negative pressure ventilation has been accomplished by placing electric fans in doors or windows to suck or pull the smoke out In negative pressure venshytilation access to the structure is blocked by the fan hanging in the door or window

There is a third type ofventilation called positive pressure This technique has many advantages and additional benefits over the other two types

Positive pressure ventilation involves the placement of high volume blowers to push out the smoke As smoke is pushed out so are heat and gases Visibility is increased and temperature is decreased allowing the fireman and water to get to the seat of the frre quicker For this reason less water is necessary to extinguish the frr and less water damage results

TRAINING REQUIRED Upon the introduction of positive presshy

sure the chance of flashover and steam burn are eliminated This is because the air flow provided by the blower gives smoke heat gases and water vapor a direction to go away from the firefighter

For proper positive pressure ventilation techniques to work training is necessary For example the practice ofbreaking winshydows to introduce fresh air all around a structure (helpful in natural or negative pressure ventilation) is a disadvantage in positive pressure The integrity of the structure should be maintained In most cases only a window or door in the room of fire origin would be opened

The dangerous duty of vertical ventilashytion through the roof is greatly reduced as most fire can be ventilated horizontally

Positive pressure ventilation as a fire attack technique is being used with great success and has many applications which have not yet been realized In general the fire can be extinguished faster cleaner and safer than conventional techniques and greatly reduce property damageO

Defense Fire Protection AssociationDirectory 17

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

Directory 18

o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

Directory

Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

INTRODUCING FOUR OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE

FIRE EMERGENCY PRODUCTS AVAIl ABLE

1EMERGENCY BURN CARE Water-Jellowers and stabilizes skin temperature easing the pain and calming the patient And because Water-Jel is bacteriostatic covered wounds are protected from further contamination

2EXTINGUISHES FLAME ON VICTIM When victim is covered with Water-Iel flame is put out It also prevents burn progression by immediately cooling down the victim

Introducing Water-Jel shya revolutionary multi-use product for emergency burn care and fire protecshytion Its so fast and easy to use it will totally change the way you approach fire emergencies

No special training is required Just open the patented Water-Jel packet or container and apply the gel-soaked special carrier This Simple one-step product is ideal for all potential fire or burn areas including emergency medical

3PROTECTS RESCUER Water-Jel Blankets shield against intense heat and flames enabling a rescuer to reach and treat the victim

industrial government military and commercial Its packaging

makes it easily accessible and available for use anywhere with or without the presence of water

Water-Jel comes in sizes from an 8 x 6 (244cm x 183cm)Blanket to a 2x 6 (Scm x 1 Scm) Sterile Burn Dressing For more informationon this revolutionary 4-in-1 fire emergency product contact Trilling Medical Technologies Inc now

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o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

Directory 24

o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

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17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

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OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

27

o 0 000

Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

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Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

29

o 0 000

Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

o 0 000

DEMONSTRATIONS The following are the currently planned demonstrations in tenative order

(Actual order will depend upon weather)

PYROTENAX USA INC BAKER SAFETY EQUIPMENT INC ROCKWOOD SYSTEMS CORP Mr Alvin Steinbach Mr Ralph Baker Mr Juanita Kuattila 5462 Treefrog Place Pyles Lane 640 E Main St Columbia MD 21045 New Castle DE 19720 PO Box 810 301-997-5105 302-652-7080 Lancaster TX 75146 Uses amp benefits of mineral insulated Simulated Safety Drop from Hyatt 214-227-3100

cable for wiring critical circuits Regency (30 Min) Foam Application

WING ENTERPRISES INC KT CORPORATION Mr Steve Gamer Mr WE Gutman SKEDCO 2241 South Larsen Parkway 300 Long Beach Blvd Mr Bud Calkin Provo UT 84601 Stratford CT 06497 16420 W 72nd Avenue PO Box 801-375-9620 203-377-5900 230366 The unique fire fighting capabilities of Voice Amplification amp Personal Alert Portland OR 97224

the Little Giant Ladder System (5 Min) 503-639-2119

NATIONAL DRAEGER INC Patient Packaging MAN-SAF TECHNOLOGIES INC Mr Ray Clarke Mr Chuck Ferguson 10 I Tech Drive 4022 Old Bardstown Road Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 DOWNEY INC Louisville KY 40218 412-787-8383 Ms Dianne Drake 502-499-9999 National Draegers Mobile 45 foot SCBA 12650 C Lake Ridge Drive

Training Center which permits users to Lake Ridge VA 22192 XmiddotSTlNG a new unique safety attachmiddot learn about their SCBA and their abUity to 703-550-8033

ment that fits most oxylfuel cutting-weldshy perform under stressfullbut controlled Fire Retardant Corrugated Boxes ing torches and converts torch immedishy conditions (45 Min) Duocom portable ately into afire extinguisher with the lift of two-man decompression chamber HOLMATRO INC afinger (15 Min) Mr Peter Penoyar

412 Headquarters Drive PARATECH INC PO Box 99

ARC AIR COMPANY Mr Peter Nielsen Millersville MD 21108 Mr James A Horwath 1025 Lambrecht Rd 301-987-6633 PO Box 406 Frankfort IT 60423 Rescue tooL LancasterOH 43130 815-469-3911 614-653-5618 Air bags Air Gun 40 - Paknammer 90 SPACEmiddotAGE TECHNOLOGY Portable exothermic cutting system forcible entry pneumatic tools (30middot45 PRODUCTS INC

SUCE

Min) Mr Harry Shayman 4536 West Lawrence Avenue

EASTPORT INTERNATIONAL INC Chicago IL 60630 AMERICAN HEAT SAFETY VIDEO Mr Michael Higgins 312-725-0404

PRODUCTIONS INC 501 Prince Georges Blvd Mr John Leonard Upper Marlboro MD 20772 A carton is painted with Tough 240 Souriegn Ct Suite C 30 1-249-3300 Coat Paint then fire is applied with St Louis MO 63011 a torch to show the resistive qualities 800-722-2443 Eastports SPAAT Product Using a comshy of the toughcoat paint The paper

pressed Air Driven Tool cut through a carton is constructed in much the Various Videos on Fire Suppression and Mock-up of an aircraft section amp apply a same manner as a furnace using

Emergency Medical Services fire-fighting agent (C02) paper flues

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 11

o 0 0 0 0 DEMONSTRATIONS (Continued)

that combines real-time communications TEMPEST TECHNOLOGY CORshyTASK FORCE TIPS INC (KK with georelational decision support With PORATIONPRODUCTS) nearly 400 systems in use on the US Mr Charles M WilliardMr Douglas C McMillan Canada and the Carribean the EIS Route 7 Box 916 2800 E Evans Ave operates at crisis scenes on portable comshy Boone NC 28607 Valparaiso IN 46383 puters and communicates back to a netshy 704-264-5880219-462-6161 worked operations center by telephone Positive Pressure Ventilation Use theUse of automatic pressure regulating satellite and pocket radio Users include tempest Power Blower and a Non-toxic nozzle with differentfoam types utilizing local and state government military bases electric smoke generator to show the the TFT foam jet air aspirating attachshyand private corporations The action of a advantages of this machines ability toment

clear smoke quicker and safer than EIS Response Team in Jamaica in the days VSIINC negative pressure ventilation following hurricane Gilbert will be highshyMr John Laudennilk

lighted in the presentation W S DARLEY amp CO335 Lake Seminary Circle Mr Paul C Darley - Bob Spertzel EI DU PONT DE NEMOURS ampPOBox 1392 2000 Anson DrCOMPANYMaitland FL 32751 Melrose Park IL 60160 Ms Nancy M Carver407-339-0403

EAD NA-226 312-345-8050 1007 Market Street The Darley Champion HE 18 BSSMOKEMASTER Wilmington DE 19898 capable of producing over 500 GPM Portable smoke generator in producing 302-774-2692 from draft and priced about one-half the a non-toxic white fog type smoke Demonstration will consist of an inshy price of other comparable portable The Smokemasteris a lightweight (24

pumpsstant-starting exothermic cutting torch Lbs) package that requires 115 volt and that will be used on various metals and AMERICAN FIRE EQUIPMENT12-14 amps of current and can start up metallic objects Mr Clifton M Wilderin less than 30 seconds

13720 Dabney Road TEMPO GLOVE MANUFACTURshyRESEARCH ALTERNATIVES INC Woodbridge VA 22191INGINCMr Steve Johnson 703-643-1005Mr Richard Manolman 966 Hungerford Dr On Spot Chains at Booth 3820 W Wisconsin Ave Suite 3

Milwaukee WI 53208 SW VIRGINIA RESEARCH AND Rockville MD 20850 414-344-1100 DEVELOPMENT301-424-2803

Mr Walt Hennan Fire Gloves amp HoodsA large screen demonstration using a POBox 1175MALYNE ENTERPRISES Sony projector to display the computer Abingdon VA 24210Mr Ronald Krempasky capabilities for locating and fighting 703-628-12615731 Palmer Way Suite C-lhazardous materials using the emergenshyA live-fire ofthe LAND-HARPOON toCarlsbad CA 92008 cy information systemschemical version

619-931-1231 show how it works and the ease ofextinshy(EISC) software guishing a fire or controlling a chemical IDEANETICS SIMULATORS SYS Overview There is no more spatially spillMr Edward Wright dependent fonn of management than the

SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC management of crisis Whether the crisis 6413 Glenroy St Mr Frank Cerven is a natural disaster military action or San Diego CA 92120 17-01 Pollitt Drive 619-286-3718technological accident the geography of

A 35 mm slide is projected on a screen the event and the spatial distribution of PO Box 950 (aircraft barracks shopping mall etc) FairLawnNJ 07410vulnerable populations and resource

201-794-0200supply systems is a primary detenninant as the slide is being projeted simulated Hull insulation Fire Trainer from the of decision options fire and smoke are introduced to the fire

21Cl2 Training Systems 0As a result the graphic and geographic scene in theform ofrealistic animation display of decision support infonnation is The trainees respond to what they see criticaJ to the management of crisis and hear just as they would at a actual

This presentation details the real-world fire The training officer can instantly applications of the Emergency Infonnashy change the fire behaviors as he responds tion System Software a crisis-proven tool to the trainees decisions

12 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

CALL FOR PAPERS DEMONSTRATIONS amp EXHIBITS

FIRST ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MILIT ARY FIRE PROTECTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION

VIRGINIA BEACH PAVILION NORFOLK VIRGINIA AREA

October 16-19 1989

AREAS

Aircraft - Surface Ships - Aircraft Carriers - Submarines - Land Combat and Tracked Vehicles - Military Facilities Buildings and Housing - Munitions

TOPICS

subrnitledto

MATERIALS bull Passive Fire Protection Materials bull Fabrics and Clothing (Regular and Protective) bull Structural and Fabricated Materials bull Composites bull Paints and Coatings bull Hydraulic Fluids Oils and Greases bull Outfitting and Furnishing Materials (Including

Furniture Bedding amp Linens) bull Power and Signal Cables bull Thermal and Acoustic Insulations and Wallboard bull Packaging Containers and Wood

DESIGN bull Electrical amp Electronic Systems bull Design Features bull Maintenance Practices

EQUIPMENT bull FireFlameSmoke Detectors and Activation

Systems bull Firefighting Equipment bull Fire Suppressants bull Emergency Medical Supplies

HAZARD ASSESSMENT amp RISK

EDUCATION amp TRAINING

bull Training Plans bull Technical Information and Training Materials bull Simulators and Trainers

COATING AND INSULATION

bull Coatings bull Sealants bull Fire Blocking Materials bull Insulating Materials

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION

bull Respiratory Protection bull Protective Clothing

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION bull Government Procurement Organizations bull Government Procurement Procedures bull Performance Specifications amp Commercial

Item Descriptions bull Non-development Items bull Logistics Support

F EAT U R E THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE DEFENSE

FIRE FIGHTING AT SEA By Senator John McCain

(From an address to the DFPA Membership Hyatt Regency Hotel Crystal City Arlington Va on February 231988)

I t seems a bit strange given all the talk we hear about advanced technology to be standing here today and to have

to talk about fire fighting We spend so much time talking about smart weapons that we often fail to remember they hit things and that some of these things are our ships

I suspect that sailors are particularly prone to ignore the risks involved in being hit We have no place to run to We also tend to ignore risks of fire in spite of centuries oflessons to the contrary It may be that being surrounded by water makes it harder to think about fire but more seriously I suspect that many of us really dont want to think about the consequenshyces of a really major fire aboard ship

Nevertheless naval firefighting is as imshyportant as all the missiles aircraft and black boxes that make up todays Navy We sawall too clearly in World War II how many times firefighting decided whether a carrier or major surface ship would surshyvive an air or torpedo attack

I personally have seen the horror of a major carrier fire that was the result of an accident not an enemy strike and which killed hundreds of my fellow crewman

The Navy took these fires seriously It made many individual improvements imshymediately In 1979 it formed an aircraft carrier flag level firefighting steering committee In 1982 it formed a surshyvivability review group to review design practices and to try to improve surshyvivability Both these groups are still in operation

In 1983-1984 the CNO added a special ship survivability program to Navy design activity which concentrated on passive fire protection These activities led to the alteration of nearly 300 ships

14

Long before the Falklands these measures led to better training better crew protection more firefighting equipment the use of halon firefighting systems and kevlar back-up of metal armor

Nevertheless the Falklands again taught us the importance of firefighting The British lost more warships to fires and bomb disposal problems than to any other cause They found out that sophisticated weapons cannot be blocked with sophistishycated defenses

The British had to learn the hard way the costs of the tendency to slack off on firefighting training and equipment in time of peace Like us they tended to think in terms of our weapons and equipshyment The Royal Navy was never quite able to find enough training time It tended to squeeze its readiness and equipshyment budgets When push came to shove it tended to ignore the problem of fire until one started

Equally important they learned that most sophisticated defenses present very special fire fighting problems

bull They suffered from a tendency to over centralize all control functions in the battle center of a ship

bull They tended to over-automate the basic functions of a ship including fire fighting

bull They tended to fill a ship with wire This broke down the compartmenshytalization of the ship and created a massive and poisonous fire hazard

bull Finally the need to keep adding anshytennas and weapons led them to make ships top heavy and to use less armor This made ships and comshypartments easier to penetrate and made many barriers so thin that heat spread fire from section to section as well as trapped and often killed the crew

Defense Fire Protection Association

Now I suspect that many of you are already beginning to think of the USS STARK Unfortunately many of these lessons from the Falklands did apply to our own experience in the Persian Gulf

This was not because we refused to learn from other navies The Navy paid careful attention to what happened in the Falklands It conducted an in depth study in 1984 to determine how it should change its ship designs and fire fighting methods This panel identified 87 individual lesshysons of which 25 were already covered by existing practices 21 required refineshymentsand41 required changes Some47 design lessons came out of the conflict

A special damage controlfirefighting working group was also set up which I think many of you are already aware of As I understand it this forums annual meetings have already led to hundreds of recommendations and several hundred have already been evaluated or approved

The problem with the STARK was that it takes years to redesign and rebuild ships and once again the problem of limited resources and competing priorities intervened

I am not going to get into to the details of the debate between the Captain of the STARK and the Navy I am in no position to judge the causes that led to an Exocet hitting the ship Nevertheless it is clear that the Navy had not had time to make the improvements it had learned from the Falklands

Further we still had additional lessons to learn on our own In fact if it had not been for an incredible job of firefighting -which was only possible because other ships could come to the support of the STARK without having to worry about further attack-we would have lost the ship to two small missiles designed to temporarily incapacitate combat ships rather than sink them

Directory

o 0 000 This incidentally is a key lesson we all

need to bear in mind in talking about firefighting Accidents and incidents are not war Our ships in the Gulf were not really then in harms way in the Gulf as they would be in war We had other comshybat ships in support that could devote full time to aiding the STARK we had a tug with firefighting capability and we had USAF and Saudi air cover

In combat we could have been dealing with multiple strikes on a US Reet by Soviet missiles with at least five times the explosive of the Exocet In combat the STARK would have sunk its limited firefighting supplies would have quickly been exhausted and many more of its crew would have burned to death

But lets turn back to what happened to the STARK I know you have all read about the attack and many will have studied the Blue Ribbon Report on the incident The key points are that two very small missiles hit an FFG 7 Class Ship and they started a major fire

Both missiles hit the port side of the hull forward They ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a transverse watertight bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing through two berthing areas One did not explode but the propellant burned at about 3000 degrees fahrenheit and started a fire The second missile then hit at roughly the same point It exploded and fueled the fire in the same general area

The two missiles set all combustibles in the berthing compartment on fire The firemain pressure was too low to be usable and there was fire in the compartshyment under the RADAR-IFF-CIC or Ricer Room The fire was fed by the polyvinyl chloride jacketing on electrical cables

To use purely technical tenns all hell broke lose In spite of the fact the crew rushed in a portable pump the fire spread vertically by conduction It burned the ricer space and the combat infonnation center Ifit had not been for a commercial salvage tug the ability to get emergency equipment and breathing apparatus from other ships and the rescue and assistance teams from nearby ships we could have lost the STARK and possibly much of its crew As it stands we lost 37 crewmen although no one was killed or seriously wounded during the firefighting efforts

I think the Navy can be proud of the speed with which it reacted to the STARK incident The Secretary of the Navy apshypointed a Blue Ribbon Panel to study the survivability of current ships and the changes to be made in future designs

The main conclusions of this panel were to support the conclusions the Navy had already drawn from the fighting in the Falklands but had not had time to act upon They were

bull To rush relocation of fire pump location and the isolation and resitshying of the firemains

bull To improve drainage of fire fighting water on the top deck

bull To improve fire insulation on bulkheads and vital decks

bull To improve smoke control and the numbers and capabilities of deshysmoking equipment

bull To reduce the load of combustibles and particularly of electrical cables

bull To rush the deployment of imshyproved portable fire fighting equipshyment including wire free damage control communications equipshyment equipment for cutting through bulkheads and decks breathing equipment firefighter protective clothing and dewatering pumps

Now these are all technical solutions which you are better equipped to judge than I am but the Navy also laid out new plans for ship design and improvement upgrades doctrine and procedures for firefighting survivability funding RampD into countering the anti-ship missile threat materials RampD and a host of other issues

Further it not only developed recomshymendations for backfitting it is considershying rules that would only allow deviations from ship survivability design principles if they were directly approved by the CNO on the advice of COMNAVshySEASYSCOM

Is this enough No I am sure it is not We have to live in a world where killing mechanisms improve as fast as defenses We never are going to be able to solve our problems by standing still or simply by using better active defense and annor As long as our enemies create smarter and better weapons we are going to need smarter and better fire fighters

This however gentlemen is where you come in You may be cheaper than an Aegis cruiser but you are at least as imshyportant If you cant help us learn the next set offirefighting lessons now before we have to learn them the hard way we are going to lose more men and ships This will be especially true if we have to learn our lessons in war

I hope you are going to spare us from having to learn the hard way Let me also say as a fonner naval aviator that I hope youll keep reminding us of how imporshytant firefighting really is and that we need to give it the proper resources Much as I love airplanes I also love having a place to land It can get lonely when that place it burningO

(Continued from page 6)

The Proceedings and Report of DFPAs February 1988 Symposium and the May 1987 Symposium includes over 100 recommenshydations to make our military vehicles more firesafe and survivable includes texts of speakers addresses list of participants the 15 workshop reports and descriptions of exhibits and seminars This will be supplemented with proceedings from the Oct 88 Norfolk Fire Protection Conference

Directories of fire resistant materials fire protection safety and survivability equipment and systems features and technologies and associated sourcesO

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 15

F EAT U R E

SHIPBOARDFURN~HINGS

HIGHER STANDARDS NEEDED NOW By Mr Al Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc

Within little more than a year the Persian Gulf USS Stark incishydent and the USS Boneish fire

in the Atlantic have dramatically emshyphasized the consequences of fire on board ships The loss of the Sheffield in the Falklands preceded those incidents all of which further emphasize the need for only the safest of outfittings and furnishshyings with regard to flame propagation smoke emission and toxicity

Coincidental with the time frame of the aforementioned events the US Navy specification for flame resistant cushionshying (furniture bedding etc) to be used on board naval vessels MIL-R-20092 has undergone revision and the present L vershysion has been changed to a performance specification from its former material (polychloroprene) specification There is no doubt that a lot of diligent hard effort has been put forth by the specifying inshyfluences connected with MIL-R-20092 and shipboard habitability in general A performance standard theoretically brings about greater competition and subsequent economic benefits for the Services and thats good for the taxpayer The specifiers have done their usual good job but they simply havent gone far enough to give our fighting men the ultimate in fire safety when comparing current state of the art in small scale testing versus the present reshyquirements of MIL-R-20092 That parshyticular specification demands a little fine tuning ie a little tightening up with respect to flammability That statement has more impact ifone believes that it may be before live fire testing evolves

In the interim there is a test method readily available which at least one govemmental entity believes will closely and accurately correlate andor predict full scale (live fire test) results That entity is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the test method is ASTM Eshy906-83 entitled Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

To paraphrase the ASTM description of the test method it can be used to detershymine the release rates of heat and visible smoke from materials and products when exposed to different levels of radiant heat testing same under a constant imposed external heat flux that may be varied upshywards to thousands ofdegrees Fahrenheit

The FAA after full scale fire tests conshyducted numerous laboratory tests to corshyrelate possible material qualification test methods with those full scale tests The net result was that ASTM E-906-83 also known as the Ohio State University (OSU) rate ofheat release apparatus was determined to he the most suitable and demonstrated that it would accurately predict what could be expected of interior materials in typical post-crash fires

At this point we must take note of a certain logic connected with the FAA studies that appears to correlate closely with the shipboard environment in event of fire The FAA finds that there is a significant correlation between flamshymability and toxic emissions and that the severe hazard from toxic emissions ocshycurs as a result oflashover infires involvshying interior materials Thus the FAAs improved flammability standards inshydirectly address toxicity by requiring the use ofinterior materials with reduced heat release rates that delay or prevent the onset of flashover (a condition when high levels of toxic emissions occur) Moreover the FAA claims that the corshyrelation of the rate of heat release tests with full scale tests has demonstrated that heat release is an indication of flame spread a point which must be emshyphasized

In summation a strong recommendation must be made for revision of the present MIL-R-20092 specification which will provide for inclusion of ASTM E-906-83 at a radiant heat flux of 35 watts per square centimeter (35wcm2) The recommendation is strengthened by the following observations

Defense Fire Protection Association

bull The OSU heat release rate apparatus appears to closely and accurately predict full scale test results Lengthy FAA testshying appears to demonstrate unquesshytionable correlation

bull The FAA believes the present demonstrated correlation is sufficient to proceed with use of the OSU test apshyparatus and will enhance the level of fire safety

bull The OSU apparatus appears to be reasonably available (as opposed to wideshyly available) in the United States Fifteen independent labs currently use the OSU rate of heat release apparatus for nonshyaircraft applications One quite naturalshyIy is in use at OSU on a consulting basis and as the need arises other labs will undoubtedly acquire the apparatus

bull The apparatus does not appear to be prohibitively costly

bull The use of the OSU apparatus will result in improved flammability standards for at least the time being in aircraft inteshyriors and those standards will provide adshyditional egress time in the event of emershygency

In very simplistic terms we are recomshymending that several years of hard effort and the expenditure of many dollars by the FAA be considered by the services in order to provide the most stringent yet practical specification governing flexible materials used for furniture and bedding

For the moment quite frankly it would appear that the wheel does not have to be re-invented It is already in place and needs only to be utilized in order to make a good specification an even better oneO

SOURCES

1 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Federal Register 14 CPR Parts 25 and 121 Improved Flanunability Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Transport Category Airplane Cabins

2 American Society For Testing and Materials Designation E 906-83 Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

Directory 16

F EAT U R E

POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION By Charles Willard Tempest Technology Corporation

Positive pressure ventilation involshyves the introduction of air into a burning building to reduce heat and

gases and to increase visibility This process allows the fireman to get to the seat of the frre quicker and use less water to extinguish the fire It also eliminates the chance of flashover and steam bum as well as providing a more tenable working environment for the fireman

Conventional ventilation methods have generally included 2 types natural and negative pressure Natural ventilation takes advantage of the air movement outshyside a structure by using existing openshyings Negative pressure ventilation has been accomplished by placing electric fans in doors or windows to suck or pull the smoke out In negative pressure venshytilation access to the structure is blocked by the fan hanging in the door or window

There is a third type ofventilation called positive pressure This technique has many advantages and additional benefits over the other two types

Positive pressure ventilation involves the placement of high volume blowers to push out the smoke As smoke is pushed out so are heat and gases Visibility is increased and temperature is decreased allowing the fireman and water to get to the seat of the frre quicker For this reason less water is necessary to extinguish the frr and less water damage results

TRAINING REQUIRED Upon the introduction of positive presshy

sure the chance of flashover and steam burn are eliminated This is because the air flow provided by the blower gives smoke heat gases and water vapor a direction to go away from the firefighter

For proper positive pressure ventilation techniques to work training is necessary For example the practice ofbreaking winshydows to introduce fresh air all around a structure (helpful in natural or negative pressure ventilation) is a disadvantage in positive pressure The integrity of the structure should be maintained In most cases only a window or door in the room of fire origin would be opened

The dangerous duty of vertical ventilashytion through the roof is greatly reduced as most fire can be ventilated horizontally

Positive pressure ventilation as a fire attack technique is being used with great success and has many applications which have not yet been realized In general the fire can be extinguished faster cleaner and safer than conventional techniques and greatly reduce property damageO

Defense Fire Protection AssociationDirectory 17

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

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o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

Directory

Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

INTRODUCING FOUR OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE

FIRE EMERGENCY PRODUCTS AVAIl ABLE

1EMERGENCY BURN CARE Water-Jellowers and stabilizes skin temperature easing the pain and calming the patient And because Water-Jel is bacteriostatic covered wounds are protected from further contamination

2EXTINGUISHES FLAME ON VICTIM When victim is covered with Water-Iel flame is put out It also prevents burn progression by immediately cooling down the victim

Introducing Water-Jel shya revolutionary multi-use product for emergency burn care and fire protecshytion Its so fast and easy to use it will totally change the way you approach fire emergencies

No special training is required Just open the patented Water-Jel packet or container and apply the gel-soaked special carrier This Simple one-step product is ideal for all potential fire or burn areas including emergency medical

3PROTECTS RESCUER Water-Jel Blankets shield against intense heat and flames enabling a rescuer to reach and treat the victim

industrial government military and commercial Its packaging

makes it easily accessible and available for use anywhere with or without the presence of water

Water-Jel comes in sizes from an 8 x 6 (244cm x 183cm)Blanket to a 2x 6 (Scm x 1 Scm) Sterile Burn Dressing For more informationon this revolutionary 4-in-1 fire emergency product contact Trilling Medical Technologies Inc now

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o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

~SYMTRON _ SYSTEMS inc

17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

FORMERLY AUSTIN ELECTRONICS

IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

CHANGES WELL CHANGE THISD

254ACounIyUneRcL Hatboro PA 19040

(215) 443-5008

OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

27

o 0 000

Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

Directory 28

o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

29

o 0 000

Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

o 0 0 0 0 DEMONSTRATIONS (Continued)

that combines real-time communications TEMPEST TECHNOLOGY CORshyTASK FORCE TIPS INC (KK with georelational decision support With PORATIONPRODUCTS) nearly 400 systems in use on the US Mr Charles M WilliardMr Douglas C McMillan Canada and the Carribean the EIS Route 7 Box 916 2800 E Evans Ave operates at crisis scenes on portable comshy Boone NC 28607 Valparaiso IN 46383 puters and communicates back to a netshy 704-264-5880219-462-6161 worked operations center by telephone Positive Pressure Ventilation Use theUse of automatic pressure regulating satellite and pocket radio Users include tempest Power Blower and a Non-toxic nozzle with differentfoam types utilizing local and state government military bases electric smoke generator to show the the TFT foam jet air aspirating attachshyand private corporations The action of a advantages of this machines ability toment

clear smoke quicker and safer than EIS Response Team in Jamaica in the days VSIINC negative pressure ventilation following hurricane Gilbert will be highshyMr John Laudennilk

lighted in the presentation W S DARLEY amp CO335 Lake Seminary Circle Mr Paul C Darley - Bob Spertzel EI DU PONT DE NEMOURS ampPOBox 1392 2000 Anson DrCOMPANYMaitland FL 32751 Melrose Park IL 60160 Ms Nancy M Carver407-339-0403

EAD NA-226 312-345-8050 1007 Market Street The Darley Champion HE 18 BSSMOKEMASTER Wilmington DE 19898 capable of producing over 500 GPM Portable smoke generator in producing 302-774-2692 from draft and priced about one-half the a non-toxic white fog type smoke Demonstration will consist of an inshy price of other comparable portable The Smokemasteris a lightweight (24

pumpsstant-starting exothermic cutting torch Lbs) package that requires 115 volt and that will be used on various metals and AMERICAN FIRE EQUIPMENT12-14 amps of current and can start up metallic objects Mr Clifton M Wilderin less than 30 seconds

13720 Dabney Road TEMPO GLOVE MANUFACTURshyRESEARCH ALTERNATIVES INC Woodbridge VA 22191INGINCMr Steve Johnson 703-643-1005Mr Richard Manolman 966 Hungerford Dr On Spot Chains at Booth 3820 W Wisconsin Ave Suite 3

Milwaukee WI 53208 SW VIRGINIA RESEARCH AND Rockville MD 20850 414-344-1100 DEVELOPMENT301-424-2803

Mr Walt Hennan Fire Gloves amp HoodsA large screen demonstration using a POBox 1175MALYNE ENTERPRISES Sony projector to display the computer Abingdon VA 24210Mr Ronald Krempasky capabilities for locating and fighting 703-628-12615731 Palmer Way Suite C-lhazardous materials using the emergenshyA live-fire ofthe LAND-HARPOON toCarlsbad CA 92008 cy information systemschemical version

619-931-1231 show how it works and the ease ofextinshy(EISC) software guishing a fire or controlling a chemical IDEANETICS SIMULATORS SYS Overview There is no more spatially spillMr Edward Wright dependent fonn of management than the

SYMTRON SYSTEMS INC management of crisis Whether the crisis 6413 Glenroy St Mr Frank Cerven is a natural disaster military action or San Diego CA 92120 17-01 Pollitt Drive 619-286-3718technological accident the geography of

A 35 mm slide is projected on a screen the event and the spatial distribution of PO Box 950 (aircraft barracks shopping mall etc) FairLawnNJ 07410vulnerable populations and resource

201-794-0200supply systems is a primary detenninant as the slide is being projeted simulated Hull insulation Fire Trainer from the of decision options fire and smoke are introduced to the fire

21Cl2 Training Systems 0As a result the graphic and geographic scene in theform ofrealistic animation display of decision support infonnation is The trainees respond to what they see criticaJ to the management of crisis and hear just as they would at a actual

This presentation details the real-world fire The training officer can instantly applications of the Emergency Infonnashy change the fire behaviors as he responds tion System Software a crisis-proven tool to the trainees decisions

12 Defense Fire Protection Association Directory

CALL FOR PAPERS DEMONSTRATIONS amp EXHIBITS

FIRST ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MILIT ARY FIRE PROTECTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION

VIRGINIA BEACH PAVILION NORFOLK VIRGINIA AREA

October 16-19 1989

AREAS

Aircraft - Surface Ships - Aircraft Carriers - Submarines - Land Combat and Tracked Vehicles - Military Facilities Buildings and Housing - Munitions

TOPICS

subrnitledto

MATERIALS bull Passive Fire Protection Materials bull Fabrics and Clothing (Regular and Protective) bull Structural and Fabricated Materials bull Composites bull Paints and Coatings bull Hydraulic Fluids Oils and Greases bull Outfitting and Furnishing Materials (Including

Furniture Bedding amp Linens) bull Power and Signal Cables bull Thermal and Acoustic Insulations and Wallboard bull Packaging Containers and Wood

DESIGN bull Electrical amp Electronic Systems bull Design Features bull Maintenance Practices

EQUIPMENT bull FireFlameSmoke Detectors and Activation

Systems bull Firefighting Equipment bull Fire Suppressants bull Emergency Medical Supplies

HAZARD ASSESSMENT amp RISK

EDUCATION amp TRAINING

bull Training Plans bull Technical Information and Training Materials bull Simulators and Trainers

COATING AND INSULATION

bull Coatings bull Sealants bull Fire Blocking Materials bull Insulating Materials

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION

bull Respiratory Protection bull Protective Clothing

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION bull Government Procurement Organizations bull Government Procurement Procedures bull Performance Specifications amp Commercial

Item Descriptions bull Non-development Items bull Logistics Support

F EAT U R E THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE DEFENSE

FIRE FIGHTING AT SEA By Senator John McCain

(From an address to the DFPA Membership Hyatt Regency Hotel Crystal City Arlington Va on February 231988)

I t seems a bit strange given all the talk we hear about advanced technology to be standing here today and to have

to talk about fire fighting We spend so much time talking about smart weapons that we often fail to remember they hit things and that some of these things are our ships

I suspect that sailors are particularly prone to ignore the risks involved in being hit We have no place to run to We also tend to ignore risks of fire in spite of centuries oflessons to the contrary It may be that being surrounded by water makes it harder to think about fire but more seriously I suspect that many of us really dont want to think about the consequenshyces of a really major fire aboard ship

Nevertheless naval firefighting is as imshyportant as all the missiles aircraft and black boxes that make up todays Navy We sawall too clearly in World War II how many times firefighting decided whether a carrier or major surface ship would surshyvive an air or torpedo attack

I personally have seen the horror of a major carrier fire that was the result of an accident not an enemy strike and which killed hundreds of my fellow crewman

The Navy took these fires seriously It made many individual improvements imshymediately In 1979 it formed an aircraft carrier flag level firefighting steering committee In 1982 it formed a surshyvivability review group to review design practices and to try to improve surshyvivability Both these groups are still in operation

In 1983-1984 the CNO added a special ship survivability program to Navy design activity which concentrated on passive fire protection These activities led to the alteration of nearly 300 ships

14

Long before the Falklands these measures led to better training better crew protection more firefighting equipment the use of halon firefighting systems and kevlar back-up of metal armor

Nevertheless the Falklands again taught us the importance of firefighting The British lost more warships to fires and bomb disposal problems than to any other cause They found out that sophisticated weapons cannot be blocked with sophistishycated defenses

The British had to learn the hard way the costs of the tendency to slack off on firefighting training and equipment in time of peace Like us they tended to think in terms of our weapons and equipshyment The Royal Navy was never quite able to find enough training time It tended to squeeze its readiness and equipshyment budgets When push came to shove it tended to ignore the problem of fire until one started

Equally important they learned that most sophisticated defenses present very special fire fighting problems

bull They suffered from a tendency to over centralize all control functions in the battle center of a ship

bull They tended to over-automate the basic functions of a ship including fire fighting

bull They tended to fill a ship with wire This broke down the compartmenshytalization of the ship and created a massive and poisonous fire hazard

bull Finally the need to keep adding anshytennas and weapons led them to make ships top heavy and to use less armor This made ships and comshypartments easier to penetrate and made many barriers so thin that heat spread fire from section to section as well as trapped and often killed the crew

Defense Fire Protection Association

Now I suspect that many of you are already beginning to think of the USS STARK Unfortunately many of these lessons from the Falklands did apply to our own experience in the Persian Gulf

This was not because we refused to learn from other navies The Navy paid careful attention to what happened in the Falklands It conducted an in depth study in 1984 to determine how it should change its ship designs and fire fighting methods This panel identified 87 individual lesshysons of which 25 were already covered by existing practices 21 required refineshymentsand41 required changes Some47 design lessons came out of the conflict

A special damage controlfirefighting working group was also set up which I think many of you are already aware of As I understand it this forums annual meetings have already led to hundreds of recommendations and several hundred have already been evaluated or approved

The problem with the STARK was that it takes years to redesign and rebuild ships and once again the problem of limited resources and competing priorities intervened

I am not going to get into to the details of the debate between the Captain of the STARK and the Navy I am in no position to judge the causes that led to an Exocet hitting the ship Nevertheless it is clear that the Navy had not had time to make the improvements it had learned from the Falklands

Further we still had additional lessons to learn on our own In fact if it had not been for an incredible job of firefighting -which was only possible because other ships could come to the support of the STARK without having to worry about further attack-we would have lost the ship to two small missiles designed to temporarily incapacitate combat ships rather than sink them

Directory

o 0 000 This incidentally is a key lesson we all

need to bear in mind in talking about firefighting Accidents and incidents are not war Our ships in the Gulf were not really then in harms way in the Gulf as they would be in war We had other comshybat ships in support that could devote full time to aiding the STARK we had a tug with firefighting capability and we had USAF and Saudi air cover

In combat we could have been dealing with multiple strikes on a US Reet by Soviet missiles with at least five times the explosive of the Exocet In combat the STARK would have sunk its limited firefighting supplies would have quickly been exhausted and many more of its crew would have burned to death

But lets turn back to what happened to the STARK I know you have all read about the attack and many will have studied the Blue Ribbon Report on the incident The key points are that two very small missiles hit an FFG 7 Class Ship and they started a major fire

Both missiles hit the port side of the hull forward They ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a transverse watertight bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing through two berthing areas One did not explode but the propellant burned at about 3000 degrees fahrenheit and started a fire The second missile then hit at roughly the same point It exploded and fueled the fire in the same general area

The two missiles set all combustibles in the berthing compartment on fire The firemain pressure was too low to be usable and there was fire in the compartshyment under the RADAR-IFF-CIC or Ricer Room The fire was fed by the polyvinyl chloride jacketing on electrical cables

To use purely technical tenns all hell broke lose In spite of the fact the crew rushed in a portable pump the fire spread vertically by conduction It burned the ricer space and the combat infonnation center Ifit had not been for a commercial salvage tug the ability to get emergency equipment and breathing apparatus from other ships and the rescue and assistance teams from nearby ships we could have lost the STARK and possibly much of its crew As it stands we lost 37 crewmen although no one was killed or seriously wounded during the firefighting efforts

I think the Navy can be proud of the speed with which it reacted to the STARK incident The Secretary of the Navy apshypointed a Blue Ribbon Panel to study the survivability of current ships and the changes to be made in future designs

The main conclusions of this panel were to support the conclusions the Navy had already drawn from the fighting in the Falklands but had not had time to act upon They were

bull To rush relocation of fire pump location and the isolation and resitshying of the firemains

bull To improve drainage of fire fighting water on the top deck

bull To improve fire insulation on bulkheads and vital decks

bull To improve smoke control and the numbers and capabilities of deshysmoking equipment

bull To reduce the load of combustibles and particularly of electrical cables

bull To rush the deployment of imshyproved portable fire fighting equipshyment including wire free damage control communications equipshyment equipment for cutting through bulkheads and decks breathing equipment firefighter protective clothing and dewatering pumps

Now these are all technical solutions which you are better equipped to judge than I am but the Navy also laid out new plans for ship design and improvement upgrades doctrine and procedures for firefighting survivability funding RampD into countering the anti-ship missile threat materials RampD and a host of other issues

Further it not only developed recomshymendations for backfitting it is considershying rules that would only allow deviations from ship survivability design principles if they were directly approved by the CNO on the advice of COMNAVshySEASYSCOM

Is this enough No I am sure it is not We have to live in a world where killing mechanisms improve as fast as defenses We never are going to be able to solve our problems by standing still or simply by using better active defense and annor As long as our enemies create smarter and better weapons we are going to need smarter and better fire fighters

This however gentlemen is where you come in You may be cheaper than an Aegis cruiser but you are at least as imshyportant If you cant help us learn the next set offirefighting lessons now before we have to learn them the hard way we are going to lose more men and ships This will be especially true if we have to learn our lessons in war

I hope you are going to spare us from having to learn the hard way Let me also say as a fonner naval aviator that I hope youll keep reminding us of how imporshytant firefighting really is and that we need to give it the proper resources Much as I love airplanes I also love having a place to land It can get lonely when that place it burningO

(Continued from page 6)

The Proceedings and Report of DFPAs February 1988 Symposium and the May 1987 Symposium includes over 100 recommenshydations to make our military vehicles more firesafe and survivable includes texts of speakers addresses list of participants the 15 workshop reports and descriptions of exhibits and seminars This will be supplemented with proceedings from the Oct 88 Norfolk Fire Protection Conference

Directories of fire resistant materials fire protection safety and survivability equipment and systems features and technologies and associated sourcesO

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 15

F EAT U R E

SHIPBOARDFURN~HINGS

HIGHER STANDARDS NEEDED NOW By Mr Al Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc

Within little more than a year the Persian Gulf USS Stark incishydent and the USS Boneish fire

in the Atlantic have dramatically emshyphasized the consequences of fire on board ships The loss of the Sheffield in the Falklands preceded those incidents all of which further emphasize the need for only the safest of outfittings and furnishshyings with regard to flame propagation smoke emission and toxicity

Coincidental with the time frame of the aforementioned events the US Navy specification for flame resistant cushionshying (furniture bedding etc) to be used on board naval vessels MIL-R-20092 has undergone revision and the present L vershysion has been changed to a performance specification from its former material (polychloroprene) specification There is no doubt that a lot of diligent hard effort has been put forth by the specifying inshyfluences connected with MIL-R-20092 and shipboard habitability in general A performance standard theoretically brings about greater competition and subsequent economic benefits for the Services and thats good for the taxpayer The specifiers have done their usual good job but they simply havent gone far enough to give our fighting men the ultimate in fire safety when comparing current state of the art in small scale testing versus the present reshyquirements of MIL-R-20092 That parshyticular specification demands a little fine tuning ie a little tightening up with respect to flammability That statement has more impact ifone believes that it may be before live fire testing evolves

In the interim there is a test method readily available which at least one govemmental entity believes will closely and accurately correlate andor predict full scale (live fire test) results That entity is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the test method is ASTM Eshy906-83 entitled Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

To paraphrase the ASTM description of the test method it can be used to detershymine the release rates of heat and visible smoke from materials and products when exposed to different levels of radiant heat testing same under a constant imposed external heat flux that may be varied upshywards to thousands ofdegrees Fahrenheit

The FAA after full scale fire tests conshyducted numerous laboratory tests to corshyrelate possible material qualification test methods with those full scale tests The net result was that ASTM E-906-83 also known as the Ohio State University (OSU) rate ofheat release apparatus was determined to he the most suitable and demonstrated that it would accurately predict what could be expected of interior materials in typical post-crash fires

At this point we must take note of a certain logic connected with the FAA studies that appears to correlate closely with the shipboard environment in event of fire The FAA finds that there is a significant correlation between flamshymability and toxic emissions and that the severe hazard from toxic emissions ocshycurs as a result oflashover infires involvshying interior materials Thus the FAAs improved flammability standards inshydirectly address toxicity by requiring the use ofinterior materials with reduced heat release rates that delay or prevent the onset of flashover (a condition when high levels of toxic emissions occur) Moreover the FAA claims that the corshyrelation of the rate of heat release tests with full scale tests has demonstrated that heat release is an indication of flame spread a point which must be emshyphasized

In summation a strong recommendation must be made for revision of the present MIL-R-20092 specification which will provide for inclusion of ASTM E-906-83 at a radiant heat flux of 35 watts per square centimeter (35wcm2) The recommendation is strengthened by the following observations

Defense Fire Protection Association

bull The OSU heat release rate apparatus appears to closely and accurately predict full scale test results Lengthy FAA testshying appears to demonstrate unquesshytionable correlation

bull The FAA believes the present demonstrated correlation is sufficient to proceed with use of the OSU test apshyparatus and will enhance the level of fire safety

bull The OSU apparatus appears to be reasonably available (as opposed to wideshyly available) in the United States Fifteen independent labs currently use the OSU rate of heat release apparatus for nonshyaircraft applications One quite naturalshyIy is in use at OSU on a consulting basis and as the need arises other labs will undoubtedly acquire the apparatus

bull The apparatus does not appear to be prohibitively costly

bull The use of the OSU apparatus will result in improved flammability standards for at least the time being in aircraft inteshyriors and those standards will provide adshyditional egress time in the event of emershygency

In very simplistic terms we are recomshymending that several years of hard effort and the expenditure of many dollars by the FAA be considered by the services in order to provide the most stringent yet practical specification governing flexible materials used for furniture and bedding

For the moment quite frankly it would appear that the wheel does not have to be re-invented It is already in place and needs only to be utilized in order to make a good specification an even better oneO

SOURCES

1 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Federal Register 14 CPR Parts 25 and 121 Improved Flanunability Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Transport Category Airplane Cabins

2 American Society For Testing and Materials Designation E 906-83 Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

Directory 16

F EAT U R E

POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION By Charles Willard Tempest Technology Corporation

Positive pressure ventilation involshyves the introduction of air into a burning building to reduce heat and

gases and to increase visibility This process allows the fireman to get to the seat of the frre quicker and use less water to extinguish the fire It also eliminates the chance of flashover and steam bum as well as providing a more tenable working environment for the fireman

Conventional ventilation methods have generally included 2 types natural and negative pressure Natural ventilation takes advantage of the air movement outshyside a structure by using existing openshyings Negative pressure ventilation has been accomplished by placing electric fans in doors or windows to suck or pull the smoke out In negative pressure venshytilation access to the structure is blocked by the fan hanging in the door or window

There is a third type ofventilation called positive pressure This technique has many advantages and additional benefits over the other two types

Positive pressure ventilation involves the placement of high volume blowers to push out the smoke As smoke is pushed out so are heat and gases Visibility is increased and temperature is decreased allowing the fireman and water to get to the seat of the frre quicker For this reason less water is necessary to extinguish the frr and less water damage results

TRAINING REQUIRED Upon the introduction of positive presshy

sure the chance of flashover and steam burn are eliminated This is because the air flow provided by the blower gives smoke heat gases and water vapor a direction to go away from the firefighter

For proper positive pressure ventilation techniques to work training is necessary For example the practice ofbreaking winshydows to introduce fresh air all around a structure (helpful in natural or negative pressure ventilation) is a disadvantage in positive pressure The integrity of the structure should be maintained In most cases only a window or door in the room of fire origin would be opened

The dangerous duty of vertical ventilashytion through the roof is greatly reduced as most fire can be ventilated horizontally

Positive pressure ventilation as a fire attack technique is being used with great success and has many applications which have not yet been realized In general the fire can be extinguished faster cleaner and safer than conventional techniques and greatly reduce property damageO

Defense Fire Protection AssociationDirectory 17

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

Directory 18

o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

Directory

Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

INTRODUCING FOUR OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE

FIRE EMERGENCY PRODUCTS AVAIl ABLE

1EMERGENCY BURN CARE Water-Jellowers and stabilizes skin temperature easing the pain and calming the patient And because Water-Jel is bacteriostatic covered wounds are protected from further contamination

2EXTINGUISHES FLAME ON VICTIM When victim is covered with Water-Iel flame is put out It also prevents burn progression by immediately cooling down the victim

Introducing Water-Jel shya revolutionary multi-use product for emergency burn care and fire protecshytion Its so fast and easy to use it will totally change the way you approach fire emergencies

No special training is required Just open the patented Water-Jel packet or container and apply the gel-soaked special carrier This Simple one-step product is ideal for all potential fire or burn areas including emergency medical

3PROTECTS RESCUER Water-Jel Blankets shield against intense heat and flames enabling a rescuer to reach and treat the victim

industrial government military and commercial Its packaging

makes it easily accessible and available for use anywhere with or without the presence of water

Water-Jel comes in sizes from an 8 x 6 (244cm x 183cm)Blanket to a 2x 6 (Scm x 1 Scm) Sterile Burn Dressing For more informationon this revolutionary 4-in-1 fire emergency product contact Trilling Medical Technologies Inc now

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THE DEFENSE FIRE PROTECTION SYMPOSIUM-MATERIALS and TECHNOLOGY EXPOSITION FEBRUARYmiddot14~16 1989

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o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

Directory 24

o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

~SYMTRON _ SYSTEMS inc

17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

FORMERLY AUSTIN ELECTRONICS

IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

CHANGES WELL CHANGE THISD

254ACounIyUneRcL Hatboro PA 19040

(215) 443-5008

OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

27

o 0 000

Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

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Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

CALL FOR PAPERS DEMONSTRATIONS amp EXHIBITS

FIRST ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MILIT ARY FIRE PROTECTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION

VIRGINIA BEACH PAVILION NORFOLK VIRGINIA AREA

October 16-19 1989

AREAS

Aircraft - Surface Ships - Aircraft Carriers - Submarines - Land Combat and Tracked Vehicles - Military Facilities Buildings and Housing - Munitions

TOPICS

subrnitledto

MATERIALS bull Passive Fire Protection Materials bull Fabrics and Clothing (Regular and Protective) bull Structural and Fabricated Materials bull Composites bull Paints and Coatings bull Hydraulic Fluids Oils and Greases bull Outfitting and Furnishing Materials (Including

Furniture Bedding amp Linens) bull Power and Signal Cables bull Thermal and Acoustic Insulations and Wallboard bull Packaging Containers and Wood

DESIGN bull Electrical amp Electronic Systems bull Design Features bull Maintenance Practices

EQUIPMENT bull FireFlameSmoke Detectors and Activation

Systems bull Firefighting Equipment bull Fire Suppressants bull Emergency Medical Supplies

HAZARD ASSESSMENT amp RISK

EDUCATION amp TRAINING

bull Training Plans bull Technical Information and Training Materials bull Simulators and Trainers

COATING AND INSULATION

bull Coatings bull Sealants bull Fire Blocking Materials bull Insulating Materials

HAZMAT HAZCOM TOXICOLOGY amp PERSONNEL PROTECTION

bull Respiratory Protection bull Protective Clothing

GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION bull Government Procurement Organizations bull Government Procurement Procedures bull Performance Specifications amp Commercial

Item Descriptions bull Non-development Items bull Logistics Support

F EAT U R E THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE DEFENSE

FIRE FIGHTING AT SEA By Senator John McCain

(From an address to the DFPA Membership Hyatt Regency Hotel Crystal City Arlington Va on February 231988)

I t seems a bit strange given all the talk we hear about advanced technology to be standing here today and to have

to talk about fire fighting We spend so much time talking about smart weapons that we often fail to remember they hit things and that some of these things are our ships

I suspect that sailors are particularly prone to ignore the risks involved in being hit We have no place to run to We also tend to ignore risks of fire in spite of centuries oflessons to the contrary It may be that being surrounded by water makes it harder to think about fire but more seriously I suspect that many of us really dont want to think about the consequenshyces of a really major fire aboard ship

Nevertheless naval firefighting is as imshyportant as all the missiles aircraft and black boxes that make up todays Navy We sawall too clearly in World War II how many times firefighting decided whether a carrier or major surface ship would surshyvive an air or torpedo attack

I personally have seen the horror of a major carrier fire that was the result of an accident not an enemy strike and which killed hundreds of my fellow crewman

The Navy took these fires seriously It made many individual improvements imshymediately In 1979 it formed an aircraft carrier flag level firefighting steering committee In 1982 it formed a surshyvivability review group to review design practices and to try to improve surshyvivability Both these groups are still in operation

In 1983-1984 the CNO added a special ship survivability program to Navy design activity which concentrated on passive fire protection These activities led to the alteration of nearly 300 ships

14

Long before the Falklands these measures led to better training better crew protection more firefighting equipment the use of halon firefighting systems and kevlar back-up of metal armor

Nevertheless the Falklands again taught us the importance of firefighting The British lost more warships to fires and bomb disposal problems than to any other cause They found out that sophisticated weapons cannot be blocked with sophistishycated defenses

The British had to learn the hard way the costs of the tendency to slack off on firefighting training and equipment in time of peace Like us they tended to think in terms of our weapons and equipshyment The Royal Navy was never quite able to find enough training time It tended to squeeze its readiness and equipshyment budgets When push came to shove it tended to ignore the problem of fire until one started

Equally important they learned that most sophisticated defenses present very special fire fighting problems

bull They suffered from a tendency to over centralize all control functions in the battle center of a ship

bull They tended to over-automate the basic functions of a ship including fire fighting

bull They tended to fill a ship with wire This broke down the compartmenshytalization of the ship and created a massive and poisonous fire hazard

bull Finally the need to keep adding anshytennas and weapons led them to make ships top heavy and to use less armor This made ships and comshypartments easier to penetrate and made many barriers so thin that heat spread fire from section to section as well as trapped and often killed the crew

Defense Fire Protection Association

Now I suspect that many of you are already beginning to think of the USS STARK Unfortunately many of these lessons from the Falklands did apply to our own experience in the Persian Gulf

This was not because we refused to learn from other navies The Navy paid careful attention to what happened in the Falklands It conducted an in depth study in 1984 to determine how it should change its ship designs and fire fighting methods This panel identified 87 individual lesshysons of which 25 were already covered by existing practices 21 required refineshymentsand41 required changes Some47 design lessons came out of the conflict

A special damage controlfirefighting working group was also set up which I think many of you are already aware of As I understand it this forums annual meetings have already led to hundreds of recommendations and several hundred have already been evaluated or approved

The problem with the STARK was that it takes years to redesign and rebuild ships and once again the problem of limited resources and competing priorities intervened

I am not going to get into to the details of the debate between the Captain of the STARK and the Navy I am in no position to judge the causes that led to an Exocet hitting the ship Nevertheless it is clear that the Navy had not had time to make the improvements it had learned from the Falklands

Further we still had additional lessons to learn on our own In fact if it had not been for an incredible job of firefighting -which was only possible because other ships could come to the support of the STARK without having to worry about further attack-we would have lost the ship to two small missiles designed to temporarily incapacitate combat ships rather than sink them

Directory

o 0 000 This incidentally is a key lesson we all

need to bear in mind in talking about firefighting Accidents and incidents are not war Our ships in the Gulf were not really then in harms way in the Gulf as they would be in war We had other comshybat ships in support that could devote full time to aiding the STARK we had a tug with firefighting capability and we had USAF and Saudi air cover

In combat we could have been dealing with multiple strikes on a US Reet by Soviet missiles with at least five times the explosive of the Exocet In combat the STARK would have sunk its limited firefighting supplies would have quickly been exhausted and many more of its crew would have burned to death

But lets turn back to what happened to the STARK I know you have all read about the attack and many will have studied the Blue Ribbon Report on the incident The key points are that two very small missiles hit an FFG 7 Class Ship and they started a major fire

Both missiles hit the port side of the hull forward They ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a transverse watertight bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing through two berthing areas One did not explode but the propellant burned at about 3000 degrees fahrenheit and started a fire The second missile then hit at roughly the same point It exploded and fueled the fire in the same general area

The two missiles set all combustibles in the berthing compartment on fire The firemain pressure was too low to be usable and there was fire in the compartshyment under the RADAR-IFF-CIC or Ricer Room The fire was fed by the polyvinyl chloride jacketing on electrical cables

To use purely technical tenns all hell broke lose In spite of the fact the crew rushed in a portable pump the fire spread vertically by conduction It burned the ricer space and the combat infonnation center Ifit had not been for a commercial salvage tug the ability to get emergency equipment and breathing apparatus from other ships and the rescue and assistance teams from nearby ships we could have lost the STARK and possibly much of its crew As it stands we lost 37 crewmen although no one was killed or seriously wounded during the firefighting efforts

I think the Navy can be proud of the speed with which it reacted to the STARK incident The Secretary of the Navy apshypointed a Blue Ribbon Panel to study the survivability of current ships and the changes to be made in future designs

The main conclusions of this panel were to support the conclusions the Navy had already drawn from the fighting in the Falklands but had not had time to act upon They were

bull To rush relocation of fire pump location and the isolation and resitshying of the firemains

bull To improve drainage of fire fighting water on the top deck

bull To improve fire insulation on bulkheads and vital decks

bull To improve smoke control and the numbers and capabilities of deshysmoking equipment

bull To reduce the load of combustibles and particularly of electrical cables

bull To rush the deployment of imshyproved portable fire fighting equipshyment including wire free damage control communications equipshyment equipment for cutting through bulkheads and decks breathing equipment firefighter protective clothing and dewatering pumps

Now these are all technical solutions which you are better equipped to judge than I am but the Navy also laid out new plans for ship design and improvement upgrades doctrine and procedures for firefighting survivability funding RampD into countering the anti-ship missile threat materials RampD and a host of other issues

Further it not only developed recomshymendations for backfitting it is considershying rules that would only allow deviations from ship survivability design principles if they were directly approved by the CNO on the advice of COMNAVshySEASYSCOM

Is this enough No I am sure it is not We have to live in a world where killing mechanisms improve as fast as defenses We never are going to be able to solve our problems by standing still or simply by using better active defense and annor As long as our enemies create smarter and better weapons we are going to need smarter and better fire fighters

This however gentlemen is where you come in You may be cheaper than an Aegis cruiser but you are at least as imshyportant If you cant help us learn the next set offirefighting lessons now before we have to learn them the hard way we are going to lose more men and ships This will be especially true if we have to learn our lessons in war

I hope you are going to spare us from having to learn the hard way Let me also say as a fonner naval aviator that I hope youll keep reminding us of how imporshytant firefighting really is and that we need to give it the proper resources Much as I love airplanes I also love having a place to land It can get lonely when that place it burningO

(Continued from page 6)

The Proceedings and Report of DFPAs February 1988 Symposium and the May 1987 Symposium includes over 100 recommenshydations to make our military vehicles more firesafe and survivable includes texts of speakers addresses list of participants the 15 workshop reports and descriptions of exhibits and seminars This will be supplemented with proceedings from the Oct 88 Norfolk Fire Protection Conference

Directories of fire resistant materials fire protection safety and survivability equipment and systems features and technologies and associated sourcesO

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 15

F EAT U R E

SHIPBOARDFURN~HINGS

HIGHER STANDARDS NEEDED NOW By Mr Al Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc

Within little more than a year the Persian Gulf USS Stark incishydent and the USS Boneish fire

in the Atlantic have dramatically emshyphasized the consequences of fire on board ships The loss of the Sheffield in the Falklands preceded those incidents all of which further emphasize the need for only the safest of outfittings and furnishshyings with regard to flame propagation smoke emission and toxicity

Coincidental with the time frame of the aforementioned events the US Navy specification for flame resistant cushionshying (furniture bedding etc) to be used on board naval vessels MIL-R-20092 has undergone revision and the present L vershysion has been changed to a performance specification from its former material (polychloroprene) specification There is no doubt that a lot of diligent hard effort has been put forth by the specifying inshyfluences connected with MIL-R-20092 and shipboard habitability in general A performance standard theoretically brings about greater competition and subsequent economic benefits for the Services and thats good for the taxpayer The specifiers have done their usual good job but they simply havent gone far enough to give our fighting men the ultimate in fire safety when comparing current state of the art in small scale testing versus the present reshyquirements of MIL-R-20092 That parshyticular specification demands a little fine tuning ie a little tightening up with respect to flammability That statement has more impact ifone believes that it may be before live fire testing evolves

In the interim there is a test method readily available which at least one govemmental entity believes will closely and accurately correlate andor predict full scale (live fire test) results That entity is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the test method is ASTM Eshy906-83 entitled Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

To paraphrase the ASTM description of the test method it can be used to detershymine the release rates of heat and visible smoke from materials and products when exposed to different levels of radiant heat testing same under a constant imposed external heat flux that may be varied upshywards to thousands ofdegrees Fahrenheit

The FAA after full scale fire tests conshyducted numerous laboratory tests to corshyrelate possible material qualification test methods with those full scale tests The net result was that ASTM E-906-83 also known as the Ohio State University (OSU) rate ofheat release apparatus was determined to he the most suitable and demonstrated that it would accurately predict what could be expected of interior materials in typical post-crash fires

At this point we must take note of a certain logic connected with the FAA studies that appears to correlate closely with the shipboard environment in event of fire The FAA finds that there is a significant correlation between flamshymability and toxic emissions and that the severe hazard from toxic emissions ocshycurs as a result oflashover infires involvshying interior materials Thus the FAAs improved flammability standards inshydirectly address toxicity by requiring the use ofinterior materials with reduced heat release rates that delay or prevent the onset of flashover (a condition when high levels of toxic emissions occur) Moreover the FAA claims that the corshyrelation of the rate of heat release tests with full scale tests has demonstrated that heat release is an indication of flame spread a point which must be emshyphasized

In summation a strong recommendation must be made for revision of the present MIL-R-20092 specification which will provide for inclusion of ASTM E-906-83 at a radiant heat flux of 35 watts per square centimeter (35wcm2) The recommendation is strengthened by the following observations

Defense Fire Protection Association

bull The OSU heat release rate apparatus appears to closely and accurately predict full scale test results Lengthy FAA testshying appears to demonstrate unquesshytionable correlation

bull The FAA believes the present demonstrated correlation is sufficient to proceed with use of the OSU test apshyparatus and will enhance the level of fire safety

bull The OSU apparatus appears to be reasonably available (as opposed to wideshyly available) in the United States Fifteen independent labs currently use the OSU rate of heat release apparatus for nonshyaircraft applications One quite naturalshyIy is in use at OSU on a consulting basis and as the need arises other labs will undoubtedly acquire the apparatus

bull The apparatus does not appear to be prohibitively costly

bull The use of the OSU apparatus will result in improved flammability standards for at least the time being in aircraft inteshyriors and those standards will provide adshyditional egress time in the event of emershygency

In very simplistic terms we are recomshymending that several years of hard effort and the expenditure of many dollars by the FAA be considered by the services in order to provide the most stringent yet practical specification governing flexible materials used for furniture and bedding

For the moment quite frankly it would appear that the wheel does not have to be re-invented It is already in place and needs only to be utilized in order to make a good specification an even better oneO

SOURCES

1 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Federal Register 14 CPR Parts 25 and 121 Improved Flanunability Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Transport Category Airplane Cabins

2 American Society For Testing and Materials Designation E 906-83 Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

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F EAT U R E

POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION By Charles Willard Tempest Technology Corporation

Positive pressure ventilation involshyves the introduction of air into a burning building to reduce heat and

gases and to increase visibility This process allows the fireman to get to the seat of the frre quicker and use less water to extinguish the fire It also eliminates the chance of flashover and steam bum as well as providing a more tenable working environment for the fireman

Conventional ventilation methods have generally included 2 types natural and negative pressure Natural ventilation takes advantage of the air movement outshyside a structure by using existing openshyings Negative pressure ventilation has been accomplished by placing electric fans in doors or windows to suck or pull the smoke out In negative pressure venshytilation access to the structure is blocked by the fan hanging in the door or window

There is a third type ofventilation called positive pressure This technique has many advantages and additional benefits over the other two types

Positive pressure ventilation involves the placement of high volume blowers to push out the smoke As smoke is pushed out so are heat and gases Visibility is increased and temperature is decreased allowing the fireman and water to get to the seat of the frre quicker For this reason less water is necessary to extinguish the frr and less water damage results

TRAINING REQUIRED Upon the introduction of positive presshy

sure the chance of flashover and steam burn are eliminated This is because the air flow provided by the blower gives smoke heat gases and water vapor a direction to go away from the firefighter

For proper positive pressure ventilation techniques to work training is necessary For example the practice ofbreaking winshydows to introduce fresh air all around a structure (helpful in natural or negative pressure ventilation) is a disadvantage in positive pressure The integrity of the structure should be maintained In most cases only a window or door in the room of fire origin would be opened

The dangerous duty of vertical ventilashytion through the roof is greatly reduced as most fire can be ventilated horizontally

Positive pressure ventilation as a fire attack technique is being used with great success and has many applications which have not yet been realized In general the fire can be extinguished faster cleaner and safer than conventional techniques and greatly reduce property damageO

Defense Fire Protection AssociationDirectory 17

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

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o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

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Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

INTRODUCING FOUR OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE

FIRE EMERGENCY PRODUCTS AVAIl ABLE

1EMERGENCY BURN CARE Water-Jellowers and stabilizes skin temperature easing the pain and calming the patient And because Water-Jel is bacteriostatic covered wounds are protected from further contamination

2EXTINGUISHES FLAME ON VICTIM When victim is covered with Water-Iel flame is put out It also prevents burn progression by immediately cooling down the victim

Introducing Water-Jel shya revolutionary multi-use product for emergency burn care and fire protecshytion Its so fast and easy to use it will totally change the way you approach fire emergencies

No special training is required Just open the patented Water-Jel packet or container and apply the gel-soaked special carrier This Simple one-step product is ideal for all potential fire or burn areas including emergency medical

3PROTECTS RESCUER Water-Jel Blankets shield against intense heat and flames enabling a rescuer to reach and treat the victim

industrial government military and commercial Its packaging

makes it easily accessible and available for use anywhere with or without the presence of water

Water-Jel comes in sizes from an 8 x 6 (244cm x 183cm)Blanket to a 2x 6 (Scm x 1 Scm) Sterile Burn Dressing For more informationon this revolutionary 4-in-1 fire emergency product contact Trilling Medical Technologies Inc now

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o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

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IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

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17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

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OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

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240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

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Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

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Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

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Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

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International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

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o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

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Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

F EAT U R E THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE DEFENSE

FIRE FIGHTING AT SEA By Senator John McCain

(From an address to the DFPA Membership Hyatt Regency Hotel Crystal City Arlington Va on February 231988)

I t seems a bit strange given all the talk we hear about advanced technology to be standing here today and to have

to talk about fire fighting We spend so much time talking about smart weapons that we often fail to remember they hit things and that some of these things are our ships

I suspect that sailors are particularly prone to ignore the risks involved in being hit We have no place to run to We also tend to ignore risks of fire in spite of centuries oflessons to the contrary It may be that being surrounded by water makes it harder to think about fire but more seriously I suspect that many of us really dont want to think about the consequenshyces of a really major fire aboard ship

Nevertheless naval firefighting is as imshyportant as all the missiles aircraft and black boxes that make up todays Navy We sawall too clearly in World War II how many times firefighting decided whether a carrier or major surface ship would surshyvive an air or torpedo attack

I personally have seen the horror of a major carrier fire that was the result of an accident not an enemy strike and which killed hundreds of my fellow crewman

The Navy took these fires seriously It made many individual improvements imshymediately In 1979 it formed an aircraft carrier flag level firefighting steering committee In 1982 it formed a surshyvivability review group to review design practices and to try to improve surshyvivability Both these groups are still in operation

In 1983-1984 the CNO added a special ship survivability program to Navy design activity which concentrated on passive fire protection These activities led to the alteration of nearly 300 ships

14

Long before the Falklands these measures led to better training better crew protection more firefighting equipment the use of halon firefighting systems and kevlar back-up of metal armor

Nevertheless the Falklands again taught us the importance of firefighting The British lost more warships to fires and bomb disposal problems than to any other cause They found out that sophisticated weapons cannot be blocked with sophistishycated defenses

The British had to learn the hard way the costs of the tendency to slack off on firefighting training and equipment in time of peace Like us they tended to think in terms of our weapons and equipshyment The Royal Navy was never quite able to find enough training time It tended to squeeze its readiness and equipshyment budgets When push came to shove it tended to ignore the problem of fire until one started

Equally important they learned that most sophisticated defenses present very special fire fighting problems

bull They suffered from a tendency to over centralize all control functions in the battle center of a ship

bull They tended to over-automate the basic functions of a ship including fire fighting

bull They tended to fill a ship with wire This broke down the compartmenshytalization of the ship and created a massive and poisonous fire hazard

bull Finally the need to keep adding anshytennas and weapons led them to make ships top heavy and to use less armor This made ships and comshypartments easier to penetrate and made many barriers so thin that heat spread fire from section to section as well as trapped and often killed the crew

Defense Fire Protection Association

Now I suspect that many of you are already beginning to think of the USS STARK Unfortunately many of these lessons from the Falklands did apply to our own experience in the Persian Gulf

This was not because we refused to learn from other navies The Navy paid careful attention to what happened in the Falklands It conducted an in depth study in 1984 to determine how it should change its ship designs and fire fighting methods This panel identified 87 individual lesshysons of which 25 were already covered by existing practices 21 required refineshymentsand41 required changes Some47 design lessons came out of the conflict

A special damage controlfirefighting working group was also set up which I think many of you are already aware of As I understand it this forums annual meetings have already led to hundreds of recommendations and several hundred have already been evaluated or approved

The problem with the STARK was that it takes years to redesign and rebuild ships and once again the problem of limited resources and competing priorities intervened

I am not going to get into to the details of the debate between the Captain of the STARK and the Navy I am in no position to judge the causes that led to an Exocet hitting the ship Nevertheless it is clear that the Navy had not had time to make the improvements it had learned from the Falklands

Further we still had additional lessons to learn on our own In fact if it had not been for an incredible job of firefighting -which was only possible because other ships could come to the support of the STARK without having to worry about further attack-we would have lost the ship to two small missiles designed to temporarily incapacitate combat ships rather than sink them

Directory

o 0 000 This incidentally is a key lesson we all

need to bear in mind in talking about firefighting Accidents and incidents are not war Our ships in the Gulf were not really then in harms way in the Gulf as they would be in war We had other comshybat ships in support that could devote full time to aiding the STARK we had a tug with firefighting capability and we had USAF and Saudi air cover

In combat we could have been dealing with multiple strikes on a US Reet by Soviet missiles with at least five times the explosive of the Exocet In combat the STARK would have sunk its limited firefighting supplies would have quickly been exhausted and many more of its crew would have burned to death

But lets turn back to what happened to the STARK I know you have all read about the attack and many will have studied the Blue Ribbon Report on the incident The key points are that two very small missiles hit an FFG 7 Class Ship and they started a major fire

Both missiles hit the port side of the hull forward They ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a transverse watertight bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing through two berthing areas One did not explode but the propellant burned at about 3000 degrees fahrenheit and started a fire The second missile then hit at roughly the same point It exploded and fueled the fire in the same general area

The two missiles set all combustibles in the berthing compartment on fire The firemain pressure was too low to be usable and there was fire in the compartshyment under the RADAR-IFF-CIC or Ricer Room The fire was fed by the polyvinyl chloride jacketing on electrical cables

To use purely technical tenns all hell broke lose In spite of the fact the crew rushed in a portable pump the fire spread vertically by conduction It burned the ricer space and the combat infonnation center Ifit had not been for a commercial salvage tug the ability to get emergency equipment and breathing apparatus from other ships and the rescue and assistance teams from nearby ships we could have lost the STARK and possibly much of its crew As it stands we lost 37 crewmen although no one was killed or seriously wounded during the firefighting efforts

I think the Navy can be proud of the speed with which it reacted to the STARK incident The Secretary of the Navy apshypointed a Blue Ribbon Panel to study the survivability of current ships and the changes to be made in future designs

The main conclusions of this panel were to support the conclusions the Navy had already drawn from the fighting in the Falklands but had not had time to act upon They were

bull To rush relocation of fire pump location and the isolation and resitshying of the firemains

bull To improve drainage of fire fighting water on the top deck

bull To improve fire insulation on bulkheads and vital decks

bull To improve smoke control and the numbers and capabilities of deshysmoking equipment

bull To reduce the load of combustibles and particularly of electrical cables

bull To rush the deployment of imshyproved portable fire fighting equipshyment including wire free damage control communications equipshyment equipment for cutting through bulkheads and decks breathing equipment firefighter protective clothing and dewatering pumps

Now these are all technical solutions which you are better equipped to judge than I am but the Navy also laid out new plans for ship design and improvement upgrades doctrine and procedures for firefighting survivability funding RampD into countering the anti-ship missile threat materials RampD and a host of other issues

Further it not only developed recomshymendations for backfitting it is considershying rules that would only allow deviations from ship survivability design principles if they were directly approved by the CNO on the advice of COMNAVshySEASYSCOM

Is this enough No I am sure it is not We have to live in a world where killing mechanisms improve as fast as defenses We never are going to be able to solve our problems by standing still or simply by using better active defense and annor As long as our enemies create smarter and better weapons we are going to need smarter and better fire fighters

This however gentlemen is where you come in You may be cheaper than an Aegis cruiser but you are at least as imshyportant If you cant help us learn the next set offirefighting lessons now before we have to learn them the hard way we are going to lose more men and ships This will be especially true if we have to learn our lessons in war

I hope you are going to spare us from having to learn the hard way Let me also say as a fonner naval aviator that I hope youll keep reminding us of how imporshytant firefighting really is and that we need to give it the proper resources Much as I love airplanes I also love having a place to land It can get lonely when that place it burningO

(Continued from page 6)

The Proceedings and Report of DFPAs February 1988 Symposium and the May 1987 Symposium includes over 100 recommenshydations to make our military vehicles more firesafe and survivable includes texts of speakers addresses list of participants the 15 workshop reports and descriptions of exhibits and seminars This will be supplemented with proceedings from the Oct 88 Norfolk Fire Protection Conference

Directories of fire resistant materials fire protection safety and survivability equipment and systems features and technologies and associated sourcesO

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 15

F EAT U R E

SHIPBOARDFURN~HINGS

HIGHER STANDARDS NEEDED NOW By Mr Al Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc

Within little more than a year the Persian Gulf USS Stark incishydent and the USS Boneish fire

in the Atlantic have dramatically emshyphasized the consequences of fire on board ships The loss of the Sheffield in the Falklands preceded those incidents all of which further emphasize the need for only the safest of outfittings and furnishshyings with regard to flame propagation smoke emission and toxicity

Coincidental with the time frame of the aforementioned events the US Navy specification for flame resistant cushionshying (furniture bedding etc) to be used on board naval vessels MIL-R-20092 has undergone revision and the present L vershysion has been changed to a performance specification from its former material (polychloroprene) specification There is no doubt that a lot of diligent hard effort has been put forth by the specifying inshyfluences connected with MIL-R-20092 and shipboard habitability in general A performance standard theoretically brings about greater competition and subsequent economic benefits for the Services and thats good for the taxpayer The specifiers have done their usual good job but they simply havent gone far enough to give our fighting men the ultimate in fire safety when comparing current state of the art in small scale testing versus the present reshyquirements of MIL-R-20092 That parshyticular specification demands a little fine tuning ie a little tightening up with respect to flammability That statement has more impact ifone believes that it may be before live fire testing evolves

In the interim there is a test method readily available which at least one govemmental entity believes will closely and accurately correlate andor predict full scale (live fire test) results That entity is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the test method is ASTM Eshy906-83 entitled Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

To paraphrase the ASTM description of the test method it can be used to detershymine the release rates of heat and visible smoke from materials and products when exposed to different levels of radiant heat testing same under a constant imposed external heat flux that may be varied upshywards to thousands ofdegrees Fahrenheit

The FAA after full scale fire tests conshyducted numerous laboratory tests to corshyrelate possible material qualification test methods with those full scale tests The net result was that ASTM E-906-83 also known as the Ohio State University (OSU) rate ofheat release apparatus was determined to he the most suitable and demonstrated that it would accurately predict what could be expected of interior materials in typical post-crash fires

At this point we must take note of a certain logic connected with the FAA studies that appears to correlate closely with the shipboard environment in event of fire The FAA finds that there is a significant correlation between flamshymability and toxic emissions and that the severe hazard from toxic emissions ocshycurs as a result oflashover infires involvshying interior materials Thus the FAAs improved flammability standards inshydirectly address toxicity by requiring the use ofinterior materials with reduced heat release rates that delay or prevent the onset of flashover (a condition when high levels of toxic emissions occur) Moreover the FAA claims that the corshyrelation of the rate of heat release tests with full scale tests has demonstrated that heat release is an indication of flame spread a point which must be emshyphasized

In summation a strong recommendation must be made for revision of the present MIL-R-20092 specification which will provide for inclusion of ASTM E-906-83 at a radiant heat flux of 35 watts per square centimeter (35wcm2) The recommendation is strengthened by the following observations

Defense Fire Protection Association

bull The OSU heat release rate apparatus appears to closely and accurately predict full scale test results Lengthy FAA testshying appears to demonstrate unquesshytionable correlation

bull The FAA believes the present demonstrated correlation is sufficient to proceed with use of the OSU test apshyparatus and will enhance the level of fire safety

bull The OSU apparatus appears to be reasonably available (as opposed to wideshyly available) in the United States Fifteen independent labs currently use the OSU rate of heat release apparatus for nonshyaircraft applications One quite naturalshyIy is in use at OSU on a consulting basis and as the need arises other labs will undoubtedly acquire the apparatus

bull The apparatus does not appear to be prohibitively costly

bull The use of the OSU apparatus will result in improved flammability standards for at least the time being in aircraft inteshyriors and those standards will provide adshyditional egress time in the event of emershygency

In very simplistic terms we are recomshymending that several years of hard effort and the expenditure of many dollars by the FAA be considered by the services in order to provide the most stringent yet practical specification governing flexible materials used for furniture and bedding

For the moment quite frankly it would appear that the wheel does not have to be re-invented It is already in place and needs only to be utilized in order to make a good specification an even better oneO

SOURCES

1 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Federal Register 14 CPR Parts 25 and 121 Improved Flanunability Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Transport Category Airplane Cabins

2 American Society For Testing and Materials Designation E 906-83 Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

Directory 16

F EAT U R E

POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION By Charles Willard Tempest Technology Corporation

Positive pressure ventilation involshyves the introduction of air into a burning building to reduce heat and

gases and to increase visibility This process allows the fireman to get to the seat of the frre quicker and use less water to extinguish the fire It also eliminates the chance of flashover and steam bum as well as providing a more tenable working environment for the fireman

Conventional ventilation methods have generally included 2 types natural and negative pressure Natural ventilation takes advantage of the air movement outshyside a structure by using existing openshyings Negative pressure ventilation has been accomplished by placing electric fans in doors or windows to suck or pull the smoke out In negative pressure venshytilation access to the structure is blocked by the fan hanging in the door or window

There is a third type ofventilation called positive pressure This technique has many advantages and additional benefits over the other two types

Positive pressure ventilation involves the placement of high volume blowers to push out the smoke As smoke is pushed out so are heat and gases Visibility is increased and temperature is decreased allowing the fireman and water to get to the seat of the frre quicker For this reason less water is necessary to extinguish the frr and less water damage results

TRAINING REQUIRED Upon the introduction of positive presshy

sure the chance of flashover and steam burn are eliminated This is because the air flow provided by the blower gives smoke heat gases and water vapor a direction to go away from the firefighter

For proper positive pressure ventilation techniques to work training is necessary For example the practice ofbreaking winshydows to introduce fresh air all around a structure (helpful in natural or negative pressure ventilation) is a disadvantage in positive pressure The integrity of the structure should be maintained In most cases only a window or door in the room of fire origin would be opened

The dangerous duty of vertical ventilashytion through the roof is greatly reduced as most fire can be ventilated horizontally

Positive pressure ventilation as a fire attack technique is being used with great success and has many applications which have not yet been realized In general the fire can be extinguished faster cleaner and safer than conventional techniques and greatly reduce property damageO

Defense Fire Protection AssociationDirectory 17

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

Directory 18

o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

Directory

Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

INTRODUCING FOUR OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE

FIRE EMERGENCY PRODUCTS AVAIl ABLE

1EMERGENCY BURN CARE Water-Jellowers and stabilizes skin temperature easing the pain and calming the patient And because Water-Jel is bacteriostatic covered wounds are protected from further contamination

2EXTINGUISHES FLAME ON VICTIM When victim is covered with Water-Iel flame is put out It also prevents burn progression by immediately cooling down the victim

Introducing Water-Jel shya revolutionary multi-use product for emergency burn care and fire protecshytion Its so fast and easy to use it will totally change the way you approach fire emergencies

No special training is required Just open the patented Water-Jel packet or container and apply the gel-soaked special carrier This Simple one-step product is ideal for all potential fire or burn areas including emergency medical

3PROTECTS RESCUER Water-Jel Blankets shield against intense heat and flames enabling a rescuer to reach and treat the victim

industrial government military and commercial Its packaging

makes it easily accessible and available for use anywhere with or without the presence of water

Water-Jel comes in sizes from an 8 x 6 (244cm x 183cm)Blanket to a 2x 6 (Scm x 1 Scm) Sterile Burn Dressing For more informationon this revolutionary 4-in-1 fire emergency product contact Trilling Medical Technologies Inc now

WATERmiddotJEI IF ITS NOT ON HAND bullbullbull YOURE PLAYING WITH FIREI

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THE DEFENSE FIRE PROTECTION SYMPOSIUM-MATERIALS and TECHNOLOGY EXPOSITION FEBRUARYmiddot14~16 1989

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o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

~SYMTRON _ SYSTEMS inc

17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

FORMERLY AUSTIN ELECTRONICS

IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

CHANGES WELL CHANGE THISD

254ACounIyUneRcL Hatboro PA 19040

(215) 443-5008

OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

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Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

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Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

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International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

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o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

o 0 000 This incidentally is a key lesson we all

need to bear in mind in talking about firefighting Accidents and incidents are not war Our ships in the Gulf were not really then in harms way in the Gulf as they would be in war We had other comshybat ships in support that could devote full time to aiding the STARK we had a tug with firefighting capability and we had USAF and Saudi air cover

In combat we could have been dealing with multiple strikes on a US Reet by Soviet missiles with at least five times the explosive of the Exocet In combat the STARK would have sunk its limited firefighting supplies would have quickly been exhausted and many more of its crew would have burned to death

But lets turn back to what happened to the STARK I know you have all read about the attack and many will have studied the Blue Ribbon Report on the incident The key points are that two very small missiles hit an FFG 7 Class Ship and they started a major fire

Both missiles hit the port side of the hull forward They ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a transverse watertight bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing through two berthing areas One did not explode but the propellant burned at about 3000 degrees fahrenheit and started a fire The second missile then hit at roughly the same point It exploded and fueled the fire in the same general area

The two missiles set all combustibles in the berthing compartment on fire The firemain pressure was too low to be usable and there was fire in the compartshyment under the RADAR-IFF-CIC or Ricer Room The fire was fed by the polyvinyl chloride jacketing on electrical cables

To use purely technical tenns all hell broke lose In spite of the fact the crew rushed in a portable pump the fire spread vertically by conduction It burned the ricer space and the combat infonnation center Ifit had not been for a commercial salvage tug the ability to get emergency equipment and breathing apparatus from other ships and the rescue and assistance teams from nearby ships we could have lost the STARK and possibly much of its crew As it stands we lost 37 crewmen although no one was killed or seriously wounded during the firefighting efforts

I think the Navy can be proud of the speed with which it reacted to the STARK incident The Secretary of the Navy apshypointed a Blue Ribbon Panel to study the survivability of current ships and the changes to be made in future designs

The main conclusions of this panel were to support the conclusions the Navy had already drawn from the fighting in the Falklands but had not had time to act upon They were

bull To rush relocation of fire pump location and the isolation and resitshying of the firemains

bull To improve drainage of fire fighting water on the top deck

bull To improve fire insulation on bulkheads and vital decks

bull To improve smoke control and the numbers and capabilities of deshysmoking equipment

bull To reduce the load of combustibles and particularly of electrical cables

bull To rush the deployment of imshyproved portable fire fighting equipshyment including wire free damage control communications equipshyment equipment for cutting through bulkheads and decks breathing equipment firefighter protective clothing and dewatering pumps

Now these are all technical solutions which you are better equipped to judge than I am but the Navy also laid out new plans for ship design and improvement upgrades doctrine and procedures for firefighting survivability funding RampD into countering the anti-ship missile threat materials RampD and a host of other issues

Further it not only developed recomshymendations for backfitting it is considershying rules that would only allow deviations from ship survivability design principles if they were directly approved by the CNO on the advice of COMNAVshySEASYSCOM

Is this enough No I am sure it is not We have to live in a world where killing mechanisms improve as fast as defenses We never are going to be able to solve our problems by standing still or simply by using better active defense and annor As long as our enemies create smarter and better weapons we are going to need smarter and better fire fighters

This however gentlemen is where you come in You may be cheaper than an Aegis cruiser but you are at least as imshyportant If you cant help us learn the next set offirefighting lessons now before we have to learn them the hard way we are going to lose more men and ships This will be especially true if we have to learn our lessons in war

I hope you are going to spare us from having to learn the hard way Let me also say as a fonner naval aviator that I hope youll keep reminding us of how imporshytant firefighting really is and that we need to give it the proper resources Much as I love airplanes I also love having a place to land It can get lonely when that place it burningO

(Continued from page 6)

The Proceedings and Report of DFPAs February 1988 Symposium and the May 1987 Symposium includes over 100 recommenshydations to make our military vehicles more firesafe and survivable includes texts of speakers addresses list of participants the 15 workshop reports and descriptions of exhibits and seminars This will be supplemented with proceedings from the Oct 88 Norfolk Fire Protection Conference

Directories of fire resistant materials fire protection safety and survivability equipment and systems features and technologies and associated sourcesO

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 15

F EAT U R E

SHIPBOARDFURN~HINGS

HIGHER STANDARDS NEEDED NOW By Mr Al Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc

Within little more than a year the Persian Gulf USS Stark incishydent and the USS Boneish fire

in the Atlantic have dramatically emshyphasized the consequences of fire on board ships The loss of the Sheffield in the Falklands preceded those incidents all of which further emphasize the need for only the safest of outfittings and furnishshyings with regard to flame propagation smoke emission and toxicity

Coincidental with the time frame of the aforementioned events the US Navy specification for flame resistant cushionshying (furniture bedding etc) to be used on board naval vessels MIL-R-20092 has undergone revision and the present L vershysion has been changed to a performance specification from its former material (polychloroprene) specification There is no doubt that a lot of diligent hard effort has been put forth by the specifying inshyfluences connected with MIL-R-20092 and shipboard habitability in general A performance standard theoretically brings about greater competition and subsequent economic benefits for the Services and thats good for the taxpayer The specifiers have done their usual good job but they simply havent gone far enough to give our fighting men the ultimate in fire safety when comparing current state of the art in small scale testing versus the present reshyquirements of MIL-R-20092 That parshyticular specification demands a little fine tuning ie a little tightening up with respect to flammability That statement has more impact ifone believes that it may be before live fire testing evolves

In the interim there is a test method readily available which at least one govemmental entity believes will closely and accurately correlate andor predict full scale (live fire test) results That entity is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the test method is ASTM Eshy906-83 entitled Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

To paraphrase the ASTM description of the test method it can be used to detershymine the release rates of heat and visible smoke from materials and products when exposed to different levels of radiant heat testing same under a constant imposed external heat flux that may be varied upshywards to thousands ofdegrees Fahrenheit

The FAA after full scale fire tests conshyducted numerous laboratory tests to corshyrelate possible material qualification test methods with those full scale tests The net result was that ASTM E-906-83 also known as the Ohio State University (OSU) rate ofheat release apparatus was determined to he the most suitable and demonstrated that it would accurately predict what could be expected of interior materials in typical post-crash fires

At this point we must take note of a certain logic connected with the FAA studies that appears to correlate closely with the shipboard environment in event of fire The FAA finds that there is a significant correlation between flamshymability and toxic emissions and that the severe hazard from toxic emissions ocshycurs as a result oflashover infires involvshying interior materials Thus the FAAs improved flammability standards inshydirectly address toxicity by requiring the use ofinterior materials with reduced heat release rates that delay or prevent the onset of flashover (a condition when high levels of toxic emissions occur) Moreover the FAA claims that the corshyrelation of the rate of heat release tests with full scale tests has demonstrated that heat release is an indication of flame spread a point which must be emshyphasized

In summation a strong recommendation must be made for revision of the present MIL-R-20092 specification which will provide for inclusion of ASTM E-906-83 at a radiant heat flux of 35 watts per square centimeter (35wcm2) The recommendation is strengthened by the following observations

Defense Fire Protection Association

bull The OSU heat release rate apparatus appears to closely and accurately predict full scale test results Lengthy FAA testshying appears to demonstrate unquesshytionable correlation

bull The FAA believes the present demonstrated correlation is sufficient to proceed with use of the OSU test apshyparatus and will enhance the level of fire safety

bull The OSU apparatus appears to be reasonably available (as opposed to wideshyly available) in the United States Fifteen independent labs currently use the OSU rate of heat release apparatus for nonshyaircraft applications One quite naturalshyIy is in use at OSU on a consulting basis and as the need arises other labs will undoubtedly acquire the apparatus

bull The apparatus does not appear to be prohibitively costly

bull The use of the OSU apparatus will result in improved flammability standards for at least the time being in aircraft inteshyriors and those standards will provide adshyditional egress time in the event of emershygency

In very simplistic terms we are recomshymending that several years of hard effort and the expenditure of many dollars by the FAA be considered by the services in order to provide the most stringent yet practical specification governing flexible materials used for furniture and bedding

For the moment quite frankly it would appear that the wheel does not have to be re-invented It is already in place and needs only to be utilized in order to make a good specification an even better oneO

SOURCES

1 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Federal Register 14 CPR Parts 25 and 121 Improved Flanunability Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Transport Category Airplane Cabins

2 American Society For Testing and Materials Designation E 906-83 Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

Directory 16

F EAT U R E

POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION By Charles Willard Tempest Technology Corporation

Positive pressure ventilation involshyves the introduction of air into a burning building to reduce heat and

gases and to increase visibility This process allows the fireman to get to the seat of the frre quicker and use less water to extinguish the fire It also eliminates the chance of flashover and steam bum as well as providing a more tenable working environment for the fireman

Conventional ventilation methods have generally included 2 types natural and negative pressure Natural ventilation takes advantage of the air movement outshyside a structure by using existing openshyings Negative pressure ventilation has been accomplished by placing electric fans in doors or windows to suck or pull the smoke out In negative pressure venshytilation access to the structure is blocked by the fan hanging in the door or window

There is a third type ofventilation called positive pressure This technique has many advantages and additional benefits over the other two types

Positive pressure ventilation involves the placement of high volume blowers to push out the smoke As smoke is pushed out so are heat and gases Visibility is increased and temperature is decreased allowing the fireman and water to get to the seat of the frre quicker For this reason less water is necessary to extinguish the frr and less water damage results

TRAINING REQUIRED Upon the introduction of positive presshy

sure the chance of flashover and steam burn are eliminated This is because the air flow provided by the blower gives smoke heat gases and water vapor a direction to go away from the firefighter

For proper positive pressure ventilation techniques to work training is necessary For example the practice ofbreaking winshydows to introduce fresh air all around a structure (helpful in natural or negative pressure ventilation) is a disadvantage in positive pressure The integrity of the structure should be maintained In most cases only a window or door in the room of fire origin would be opened

The dangerous duty of vertical ventilashytion through the roof is greatly reduced as most fire can be ventilated horizontally

Positive pressure ventilation as a fire attack technique is being used with great success and has many applications which have not yet been realized In general the fire can be extinguished faster cleaner and safer than conventional techniques and greatly reduce property damageO

Defense Fire Protection AssociationDirectory 17

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

Directory 18

o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

Directory

Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

INTRODUCING FOUR OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE

FIRE EMERGENCY PRODUCTS AVAIl ABLE

1EMERGENCY BURN CARE Water-Jellowers and stabilizes skin temperature easing the pain and calming the patient And because Water-Jel is bacteriostatic covered wounds are protected from further contamination

2EXTINGUISHES FLAME ON VICTIM When victim is covered with Water-Iel flame is put out It also prevents burn progression by immediately cooling down the victim

Introducing Water-Jel shya revolutionary multi-use product for emergency burn care and fire protecshytion Its so fast and easy to use it will totally change the way you approach fire emergencies

No special training is required Just open the patented Water-Jel packet or container and apply the gel-soaked special carrier This Simple one-step product is ideal for all potential fire or burn areas including emergency medical

3PROTECTS RESCUER Water-Jel Blankets shield against intense heat and flames enabling a rescuer to reach and treat the victim

industrial government military and commercial Its packaging

makes it easily accessible and available for use anywhere with or without the presence of water

Water-Jel comes in sizes from an 8 x 6 (244cm x 183cm)Blanket to a 2x 6 (Scm x 1 Scm) Sterile Burn Dressing For more informationon this revolutionary 4-in-1 fire emergency product contact Trilling Medical Technologies Inc now

WATERmiddotJEI IF ITS NOT ON HAND bullbullbull YOURE PLAYING WITH FIREI

Trilling Medical Technologies Inc 243 Veterans Blvd Carlstadt NJ 07072middot (201) 641-8256middot TELEX 798217 BOI USA

THE DEFENSE FIRE PROTECTION SYMPOSIUM-MATERIALS and TECHNOLOGY EXPOSITION FEBRUARYmiddot14~16 1989

HYATT REGENCY-CRYSTAL CITY

111

fl1109

~ 1107

HOTEL EQUIPMENT

l6n ~ n17 130 011

crJ 15

EXHIBITORS

LOWGE

bull

96-Sx10 BOOTHS

bull 924

925

926

o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

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IN FIRE SIMULATION

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OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

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240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

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Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

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Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

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Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

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International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

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o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

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Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

F EAT U R E

SHIPBOARDFURN~HINGS

HIGHER STANDARDS NEEDED NOW By Mr Al Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc

Within little more than a year the Persian Gulf USS Stark incishydent and the USS Boneish fire

in the Atlantic have dramatically emshyphasized the consequences of fire on board ships The loss of the Sheffield in the Falklands preceded those incidents all of which further emphasize the need for only the safest of outfittings and furnishshyings with regard to flame propagation smoke emission and toxicity

Coincidental with the time frame of the aforementioned events the US Navy specification for flame resistant cushionshying (furniture bedding etc) to be used on board naval vessels MIL-R-20092 has undergone revision and the present L vershysion has been changed to a performance specification from its former material (polychloroprene) specification There is no doubt that a lot of diligent hard effort has been put forth by the specifying inshyfluences connected with MIL-R-20092 and shipboard habitability in general A performance standard theoretically brings about greater competition and subsequent economic benefits for the Services and thats good for the taxpayer The specifiers have done their usual good job but they simply havent gone far enough to give our fighting men the ultimate in fire safety when comparing current state of the art in small scale testing versus the present reshyquirements of MIL-R-20092 That parshyticular specification demands a little fine tuning ie a little tightening up with respect to flammability That statement has more impact ifone believes that it may be before live fire testing evolves

In the interim there is a test method readily available which at least one govemmental entity believes will closely and accurately correlate andor predict full scale (live fire test) results That entity is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the test method is ASTM Eshy906-83 entitled Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

To paraphrase the ASTM description of the test method it can be used to detershymine the release rates of heat and visible smoke from materials and products when exposed to different levels of radiant heat testing same under a constant imposed external heat flux that may be varied upshywards to thousands ofdegrees Fahrenheit

The FAA after full scale fire tests conshyducted numerous laboratory tests to corshyrelate possible material qualification test methods with those full scale tests The net result was that ASTM E-906-83 also known as the Ohio State University (OSU) rate ofheat release apparatus was determined to he the most suitable and demonstrated that it would accurately predict what could be expected of interior materials in typical post-crash fires

At this point we must take note of a certain logic connected with the FAA studies that appears to correlate closely with the shipboard environment in event of fire The FAA finds that there is a significant correlation between flamshymability and toxic emissions and that the severe hazard from toxic emissions ocshycurs as a result oflashover infires involvshying interior materials Thus the FAAs improved flammability standards inshydirectly address toxicity by requiring the use ofinterior materials with reduced heat release rates that delay or prevent the onset of flashover (a condition when high levels of toxic emissions occur) Moreover the FAA claims that the corshyrelation of the rate of heat release tests with full scale tests has demonstrated that heat release is an indication of flame spread a point which must be emshyphasized

In summation a strong recommendation must be made for revision of the present MIL-R-20092 specification which will provide for inclusion of ASTM E-906-83 at a radiant heat flux of 35 watts per square centimeter (35wcm2) The recommendation is strengthened by the following observations

Defense Fire Protection Association

bull The OSU heat release rate apparatus appears to closely and accurately predict full scale test results Lengthy FAA testshying appears to demonstrate unquesshytionable correlation

bull The FAA believes the present demonstrated correlation is sufficient to proceed with use of the OSU test apshyparatus and will enhance the level of fire safety

bull The OSU apparatus appears to be reasonably available (as opposed to wideshyly available) in the United States Fifteen independent labs currently use the OSU rate of heat release apparatus for nonshyaircraft applications One quite naturalshyIy is in use at OSU on a consulting basis and as the need arises other labs will undoubtedly acquire the apparatus

bull The apparatus does not appear to be prohibitively costly

bull The use of the OSU apparatus will result in improved flammability standards for at least the time being in aircraft inteshyriors and those standards will provide adshyditional egress time in the event of emershygency

In very simplistic terms we are recomshymending that several years of hard effort and the expenditure of many dollars by the FAA be considered by the services in order to provide the most stringent yet practical specification governing flexible materials used for furniture and bedding

For the moment quite frankly it would appear that the wheel does not have to be re-invented It is already in place and needs only to be utilized in order to make a good specification an even better oneO

SOURCES

1 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Federal Register 14 CPR Parts 25 and 121 Improved Flanunability Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Transport Category Airplane Cabins

2 American Society For Testing and Materials Designation E 906-83 Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products

Directory 16

F EAT U R E

POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION By Charles Willard Tempest Technology Corporation

Positive pressure ventilation involshyves the introduction of air into a burning building to reduce heat and

gases and to increase visibility This process allows the fireman to get to the seat of the frre quicker and use less water to extinguish the fire It also eliminates the chance of flashover and steam bum as well as providing a more tenable working environment for the fireman

Conventional ventilation methods have generally included 2 types natural and negative pressure Natural ventilation takes advantage of the air movement outshyside a structure by using existing openshyings Negative pressure ventilation has been accomplished by placing electric fans in doors or windows to suck or pull the smoke out In negative pressure venshytilation access to the structure is blocked by the fan hanging in the door or window

There is a third type ofventilation called positive pressure This technique has many advantages and additional benefits over the other two types

Positive pressure ventilation involves the placement of high volume blowers to push out the smoke As smoke is pushed out so are heat and gases Visibility is increased and temperature is decreased allowing the fireman and water to get to the seat of the frre quicker For this reason less water is necessary to extinguish the frr and less water damage results

TRAINING REQUIRED Upon the introduction of positive presshy

sure the chance of flashover and steam burn are eliminated This is because the air flow provided by the blower gives smoke heat gases and water vapor a direction to go away from the firefighter

For proper positive pressure ventilation techniques to work training is necessary For example the practice ofbreaking winshydows to introduce fresh air all around a structure (helpful in natural or negative pressure ventilation) is a disadvantage in positive pressure The integrity of the structure should be maintained In most cases only a window or door in the room of fire origin would be opened

The dangerous duty of vertical ventilashytion through the roof is greatly reduced as most fire can be ventilated horizontally

Positive pressure ventilation as a fire attack technique is being used with great success and has many applications which have not yet been realized In general the fire can be extinguished faster cleaner and safer than conventional techniques and greatly reduce property damageO

Defense Fire Protection AssociationDirectory 17

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

Directory 18

o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

Directory

Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

INTRODUCING FOUR OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE

FIRE EMERGENCY PRODUCTS AVAIl ABLE

1EMERGENCY BURN CARE Water-Jellowers and stabilizes skin temperature easing the pain and calming the patient And because Water-Jel is bacteriostatic covered wounds are protected from further contamination

2EXTINGUISHES FLAME ON VICTIM When victim is covered with Water-Iel flame is put out It also prevents burn progression by immediately cooling down the victim

Introducing Water-Jel shya revolutionary multi-use product for emergency burn care and fire protecshytion Its so fast and easy to use it will totally change the way you approach fire emergencies

No special training is required Just open the patented Water-Jel packet or container and apply the gel-soaked special carrier This Simple one-step product is ideal for all potential fire or burn areas including emergency medical

3PROTECTS RESCUER Water-Jel Blankets shield against intense heat and flames enabling a rescuer to reach and treat the victim

industrial government military and commercial Its packaging

makes it easily accessible and available for use anywhere with or without the presence of water

Water-Jel comes in sizes from an 8 x 6 (244cm x 183cm)Blanket to a 2x 6 (Scm x 1 Scm) Sterile Burn Dressing For more informationon this revolutionary 4-in-1 fire emergency product contact Trilling Medical Technologies Inc now

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o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

~SYMTRON _ SYSTEMS inc

17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

FORMERLY AUSTIN ELECTRONICS

IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

CHANGES WELL CHANGE THISD

254ACounIyUneRcL Hatboro PA 19040

(215) 443-5008

OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

27

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Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

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Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

F EAT U R E

POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION By Charles Willard Tempest Technology Corporation

Positive pressure ventilation involshyves the introduction of air into a burning building to reduce heat and

gases and to increase visibility This process allows the fireman to get to the seat of the frre quicker and use less water to extinguish the fire It also eliminates the chance of flashover and steam bum as well as providing a more tenable working environment for the fireman

Conventional ventilation methods have generally included 2 types natural and negative pressure Natural ventilation takes advantage of the air movement outshyside a structure by using existing openshyings Negative pressure ventilation has been accomplished by placing electric fans in doors or windows to suck or pull the smoke out In negative pressure venshytilation access to the structure is blocked by the fan hanging in the door or window

There is a third type ofventilation called positive pressure This technique has many advantages and additional benefits over the other two types

Positive pressure ventilation involves the placement of high volume blowers to push out the smoke As smoke is pushed out so are heat and gases Visibility is increased and temperature is decreased allowing the fireman and water to get to the seat of the frre quicker For this reason less water is necessary to extinguish the frr and less water damage results

TRAINING REQUIRED Upon the introduction of positive presshy

sure the chance of flashover and steam burn are eliminated This is because the air flow provided by the blower gives smoke heat gases and water vapor a direction to go away from the firefighter

For proper positive pressure ventilation techniques to work training is necessary For example the practice ofbreaking winshydows to introduce fresh air all around a structure (helpful in natural or negative pressure ventilation) is a disadvantage in positive pressure The integrity of the structure should be maintained In most cases only a window or door in the room of fire origin would be opened

The dangerous duty of vertical ventilashytion through the roof is greatly reduced as most fire can be ventilated horizontally

Positive pressure ventilation as a fire attack technique is being used with great success and has many applications which have not yet been realized In general the fire can be extinguished faster cleaner and safer than conventional techniques and greatly reduce property damageO

Defense Fire Protection AssociationDirectory 17

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

Directory 18

o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

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Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

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o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

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Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

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A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

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American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

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The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

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o 0 000

Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

Directory 28

o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

29

o 0 000

Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

F EAT U R E NISTARS FIRETESTS

FIRE RETARDANT COAllNGS PROVE WORTH

The Naval Integrated Storage Tracking and Retrieval System (NIST ARS) provides automated

process control of the receipt storage and issue of materials at Naval Supply Centers This is achieved through the inshytegration of computer hardware and software programs with the state-of-theshyart Automated Materials Handling Sysshytems (AMHS) When NISTARS facilities are fully loaded NIST ARS will control an average of three sites About 40 of this material will be stored in the primary NISTARS automated facility

The configuration of the NISTARS buildings and the requirement to maxishymize use ofthe available cubic feet in each automated facility resulted in the design and installation of unique storage systems that did not fit the classic National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) models presented as guidelines in NFPA 13 231 and 231 C In fact the 40 foot high binshynable storage system is still not addressed in the NFPA codes The NISTARS conshytractor chose Grinnell Fire Protection Sysshytems to take on the challenge of installing systems that would both provide the fire protection needed and comply with the NFPA codes All of the systems installed were closely reviewed by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVshyFAC) and they were determined to be acceptable with the exception of the high rise binnable system From the outset Project Managers at the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) and fire protection engineers at NAVFAC hoped to test the system to determine the level of protection provided by the Grinnell design Unfortunately funding to support the tests estimated at $300000 to $400000 was not immediately available

In early 1986 the issue of the level of protection became more significant as the amount of material stored in the NISshyTARS facilities continued to grow As the

By Commander James Boyer

result of a meeting in June 1986 NAVshyFAC and NAVSUPbegan a series of parking lot tests to evaluate the fire retardant coatings of the cardboard bin boxes as a method to improve the degree of fire protection A number of manufacshyturers were invited to treat some of our boxes These treated containers were then loaded into seven tiered bin sections that were set up in a parking lot facing each other at a distance of approximately 4-12 feet

Although less than scientific these inshyformal tests were an unequivocal success in terms of the information provided They demonstrated that fire retardants could offer additional protection and clearly demonstrated the need for a formal test Videotapes and a written evaluation of the results of our parking lot tests were forwarded to the office of the Special Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety and Survivability) (SASN(SampSraquo This added to the information that the SASN(SampS) was already collecting on fire retardant coatings and prompted the Secretary to certify the products that had passed the parking lot test for use in Navy facilities and on ships

Manufacturers and other OOD activities were approached for support as funds were still needed to support full scale tests Grinnell American VAMAG and Amox Corporations agreed to provide their material and labor cost in exchange for an opportunity to showcase their products and the test data The Army and the Defense Logistics Agency provided the last few dollars required to support the set up costs With money in hand the services ofEngineering Computer Optecshynomics (ECO) Inc were obtained to aid the project managers in the technical aspects of the tests and to act as overall coordinator ECO Inc proved an able contractor and was the key to success of the tests

Defense Fire Protection Association

The SASN(SampS) completed the list of requirements by enlisting the assistance of Navy commands in the Chicago area to provide manpower and other on-site supshyport at the Underwriters Laboratories during the test period The Naval Trainshying Command Great Lakes provided the labor force required to set up and clean up during the tests The Supply Department of the Naval Air Station Glenview received staged and transported the parts that were solicited from the disposal sysshytem for use in the tests provided adshyministrative support for the work crews from the Naval Training Command and supplied many of the incidentals needed to support the test The test schedule could not have been maintained without the Naval Training Center and the Naval Air Centers participation

The tests were neither easy nor cheap Over two man-years of effort and over $400000 were expended in accomplishshying three tests that lasted a total of apshyproximately two hours and three minutes However the information gained was well worth the cost The effectiveness of the current system and several alternashytives were evaluated in a live system and provided the information needed to develop a cost effective approach to our fire protection problem Based on the test data the high rise bin systems will be protected by a combination of early notification and restriction of the spread of the fire through the use of rITe retardant applications to the cardboard bin boxes Strategically located detectors were inshystalled in February 1988 and treatment of the boxes was completed in July 1988 The Navys total investment of apshyproximately $600000 is insignificant when compared to the value of reducing the risk of losing over $1 billion of invenshytory of materials that are critical to the operation of the Navys Pacific Fleet

Directory 18

o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

Directory

Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

INTRODUCING FOUR OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE

FIRE EMERGENCY PRODUCTS AVAIl ABLE

1EMERGENCY BURN CARE Water-Jellowers and stabilizes skin temperature easing the pain and calming the patient And because Water-Jel is bacteriostatic covered wounds are protected from further contamination

2EXTINGUISHES FLAME ON VICTIM When victim is covered with Water-Iel flame is put out It also prevents burn progression by immediately cooling down the victim

Introducing Water-Jel shya revolutionary multi-use product for emergency burn care and fire protecshytion Its so fast and easy to use it will totally change the way you approach fire emergencies

No special training is required Just open the patented Water-Jel packet or container and apply the gel-soaked special carrier This Simple one-step product is ideal for all potential fire or burn areas including emergency medical

3PROTECTS RESCUER Water-Jel Blankets shield against intense heat and flames enabling a rescuer to reach and treat the victim

industrial government military and commercial Its packaging

makes it easily accessible and available for use anywhere with or without the presence of water

Water-Jel comes in sizes from an 8 x 6 (244cm x 183cm)Blanket to a 2x 6 (Scm x 1 Scm) Sterile Burn Dressing For more informationon this revolutionary 4-in-1 fire emergency product contact Trilling Medical Technologies Inc now

WATERmiddotJEI IF ITS NOT ON HAND bullbullbull YOURE PLAYING WITH FIREI

Trilling Medical Technologies Inc 243 Veterans Blvd Carlstadt NJ 07072middot (201) 641-8256middot TELEX 798217 BOI USA

THE DEFENSE FIRE PROTECTION SYMPOSIUM-MATERIALS and TECHNOLOGY EXPOSITION FEBRUARYmiddot14~16 1989

HYATT REGENCY-CRYSTAL CITY

111

fl1109

~ 1107

HOTEL EQUIPMENT

l6n ~ n17 130 011

crJ 15

EXHIBITORS

LOWGE

bull

96-Sx10 BOOTHS

bull 924

925

926

o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

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IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

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17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

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IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

CHANGES WELL CHANGE THISD

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OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

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240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

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Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

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Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

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Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

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International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

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o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

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Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

o 0 000 The strategies used in conducting the

tests consisted of the use of fire-retardant chemicals to treat the boxes and combusshytible boxes in conjunction with the use of a unique style of an Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Heads (100 gpm at 80 psi) installed in the over-head wet pipe sprinkler system

Instrumentation was established to measure temperatures in the bins and at the sprinklers Heat flux and vertical air velocity data was recorded and timers were installed to indicate sprinkler activashytion Video and photographics equipment were incorporated to obtain qualitative measures of the fire intensity

A 33 foot long section of the 40 foot high NISTARS bin system was utilized in the tests I was identical to the actual NISshyTARS arrangement except it was a fracshytion of the length and back -to-back units were not simulated The test arrangement consisted of 2 rows of bins each 2 feet wide with a 4-12 foot wide aisle separashytion A 30 pound wood crib was employed as the ignition source in all the tests The crib was placed on the floor opposite the sprinkler heads and heat shield so as to simulate a worst-case scenario

The sprinkler arrangement replicated the actual NISTARS configuration with a single sprinkler line per aisle which was offset from one side by one foot A heat shield or canopy was constructed over the sprinkler line The first sprinkler head was placed three feet from the end and the next three heads were installed on nine foot centers

A total of 35 thermocouples were stashytioned to measure air temperatures one inch from the face of the bins and four thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures at four velocity probes Two thermocouples were employed in Tests 2 and 3 to obtain readings at the five foot and ten foot levels located at the center of the back side of the bins These were used to determine if the transfer ofheat through the metal backs of the bin was great enough to ignite the boxes in the abutting bins in the back-to-back storage conshyfiguration

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Two calorimeters were used to measure total heat flux (the intensity of heat transshyferred across a surface expressed in wattscm joulesmsec or Btuin sec) These devices were located in the bin openings on the non-crib (non-fire) side at the 10 and 20 foot rows

Four different velocity probes were employed to measure air velocity at the 40th row between the top of the bins on the crib side and the heat shield The probes were 13 inches from the face of the bin and directly across from the sprinkler heads

Electric event recorders were used to indicate activation of the sprinkler heads and response times One event recorder was located at each sprinkler head

Each section of 440 bins contained 1254 boxes or a total of 2508 boxes for each test Each fire region (boxes filled with commodities) was comprised of 346 boxes out of the 2508 total number A minimum of7524 boxes (all assembled by hand) were required for the three tests

TESTl

The first test was conducted on May 12 1987 using boxes treated with an inshytumescent fire retardant material and the sprinkler system installed below the heat shield The material was applied in one coat to all interior and exterior sutfaces of each box and on both sides of the dividers if used The material was applied with a spray applicatoror roller at an average rate of 106 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum offour days and a maximum of seven days prior to testing

The weather conditions were as follows wind was from the North at l5mph barometric pressure was 3023 in Hg rei ashytivehumidity was43 percent temperature was 58 degrees F

A total of 15 boxes and their contents were charred Each bin contained three boxes except for the first two rows (in the actual NISTARS facilities the retriever cannot operate at these elevations) The damaged boxes were located on the crib side of the aisle and in the center column of bin at rows 3456 and 7

Defense Fire Protection Association

The fire retardant coatings on the front sutfaces of the boxes in the center column up to the lith row and in the adjacent columns up to the 8th and 9th rows had intumesced Some of the plastic bags and bubble wrap in the boxes had discolored and melted but the commodity did not appear to be damaged

The front sutfaces on the boxes across the aisle had developed a layer of char These boxes were located in the center column up to the 8th row Adjacent boxes to the center column up to the 7th row were also charred

It should be noted that the back of each bin had a small one inch opening in the bottom of the unit This in effect created a small flue and could permit the fire to advance vertically via this flue The boxes also had small openings In Test 1 the intumescent sealed these openings thus preventing the flames from spreading up the flue or into the boxes

TEST 2

The second test was conducted on May 14 1987 The fiberboard boxes were treated with a fire retardant material that was comprised of a water-based salt comshypound The boxes were treated by comshypletely submerging each box into a 55 gallon drum of the material for 20 seconds The box dividers were subshymerged for five seconds The material absorption was at an average rate of 068 pounds per box The coating was allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days and a maximum of nine days The sprinkler systems and ignition was the same as the first test General weather conditions were wind from the West at 16mph barometric pressure was 2994 in Hg relative humidity was 52 percent temperature was 79 degrees F

A total of 40 boxes along with their contents were damaged beyond reuse The boxes were on the crib side The third and fourth row of metal bins in the center column were warped and deflected upshyward for approximately six inches The

(Continued on page 22)

19

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o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

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Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

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Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

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Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

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240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

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Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

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Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

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Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

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Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

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Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

INTRODUCING FOUR OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE

FIRE EMERGENCY PRODUCTS AVAIl ABLE

1EMERGENCY BURN CARE Water-Jellowers and stabilizes skin temperature easing the pain and calming the patient And because Water-Jel is bacteriostatic covered wounds are protected from further contamination

2EXTINGUISHES FLAME ON VICTIM When victim is covered with Water-Iel flame is put out It also prevents burn progression by immediately cooling down the victim

Introducing Water-Jel shya revolutionary multi-use product for emergency burn care and fire protecshytion Its so fast and easy to use it will totally change the way you approach fire emergencies

No special training is required Just open the patented Water-Jel packet or container and apply the gel-soaked special carrier This Simple one-step product is ideal for all potential fire or burn areas including emergency medical

3PROTECTS RESCUER Water-Jel Blankets shield against intense heat and flames enabling a rescuer to reach and treat the victim

industrial government military and commercial Its packaging

makes it easily accessible and available for use anywhere with or without the presence of water

Water-Jel comes in sizes from an 8 x 6 (244cm x 183cm)Blanket to a 2x 6 (Scm x 1 Scm) Sterile Burn Dressing For more informationon this revolutionary 4-in-1 fire emergency product contact Trilling Medical Technologies Inc now

WATERmiddotJEI IF ITS NOT ON HAND bullbullbull YOURE PLAYING WITH FIREI

Trilling Medical Technologies Inc 243 Veterans Blvd Carlstadt NJ 07072middot (201) 641-8256middot TELEX 798217 BOI USA

THE DEFENSE FIRE PROTECTION SYMPOSIUM-MATERIALS and TECHNOLOGY EXPOSITION FEBRUARYmiddot14~16 1989

HYATT REGENCY-CRYSTAL CITY

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~ 1107

HOTEL EQUIPMENT

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EXHIBITORS

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o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

~SYMTRON _ SYSTEMS inc

17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

FORMERLY AUSTIN ELECTRONICS

IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

CHANGES WELL CHANGE THISD

254ACounIyUneRcL Hatboro PA 19040

(215) 443-5008

OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

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Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

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Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

THE DEFENSE FIRE PROTECTION SYMPOSIUM-MATERIALS and TECHNOLOGY EXPOSITION FEBRUARYmiddot14~16 1989

HYATT REGENCY-CRYSTAL CITY

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~ 1107

HOTEL EQUIPMENT

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EXHIBITORS

LOWGE

bull

96-Sx10 BOOTHS

bull 924

925

926

o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

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IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

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17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

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OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

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240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

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Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

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Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

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Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

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International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

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o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

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Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

o 0 000 butt joint between the two back panels at the ten foot level had opened six inches 81 boxes located in the plastic bags or bubble wrap at the front of the boxes were melted and discolored

TEST 3

The third fire test was conducted on May 19 1987 This test incorporated standard NISTARS untreated boxes and a high density Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler heads The weather conditions were as follows wind from the South at 12mph barometric pressure was 2986 in Hg relative humidity was 71 percent temperature was 78 degrees F

A total of 210 boxes and their comshymodities were damaged beyond reuse either from the fIre or from the water expended in extinguishing the fire The boxes were located on the crib side All bins up to the 9th row in the center column and adjacent columns had warped and were discolored Also the back metal panels were warped and discolored up to the 35th row center column On the back of the crib side the upright posts adjacent to the center column of bins had distorted in shape up to the 7th row with bowing up to 12 inch On the front of the crib side the same upright posts up to the 4th row had distorted 12 inch The wood crib was still intact On the non-crib side of the bins the front surface of the boxes in the center 3 foot wide column were charred up the 16th row The boxes in the adjacent column of bins were charred to the 11 th row

COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The section provides an analysis and comparison of the crucial time-temperashyture data collected bythermocouple 8 on the non-crib side and thermocouples 16 1821242733 and 34 on the crib side During the second test it was noticed that the prevailing wind currents created a draft in the test building and directed the crib flame to the south Also this phenomena reduced the height of the flame above the crib and accounted for the lower temperatures recorded at thershymocouple 16 during Test 2 when comshypared to Tests 1 and 3 The southerly draft was responsible for the lateral flame spread and the resulting damage of boxes located south of the ignition source in Test 2

During Test 3 sprinkler heads operated 835 1135 and 1155 minutes The test was terminated at the end of 12 minutes because the researchers felt that the fIre had developed to a stage where it could not be controlled and could cause strucshytural damage to the test facility

There was extensive damage to the rear of the boxes as the result of flame propagation up the back of the boxes via the one inch opening Flame traversed the flue space as fast orfaster than the flames at the front of the containers In some cases boxes that were intact on the front had been charred or damaged on the back especially on boxes located in the higher rows of bins This flue created deep seated fires that could not be effectively extinguished by either automatic sprinklers or manual fire fIghting technishy

ques In the actual NISTARS confIgurashytion fire control would be more of a chalshylenge as the bins are installed back-toshyback

CONCLUSIONS

The full scale fire tests proved that the use of fIre retardant coatings on combusshytible boxes is an effective deterrent to the spread of fire in the high-rise binnable storage concept All of the time-temperashyture graphs indicate that the spread offire when compared to combustible boxes was greatly reduced by the use of fIre retardant coatings

The use of Early Suppression Fast Response sprinklers could not obtain or retard the spread of the fire when the untreated combustible boxes were used in the bins Observation of the videos produced by the infrared camera indicated that the boxes on the non-crib (non-fIre) side of the aisle were on the verge of ignition prior to the operation of the sprinkler system

RECOMMENDATION Treat all combustible boxes with a fire

retardant coating and provide beam type detectors at the top of the bins at the 40 foot level

The tests proved the effectiveness of coatings in preventing the spread of the fire In all the fire tests substantial amounts of smoke were observed at the 40 foot level within minutes of the ignition of the crib Early detection would alert personnel of a fire and provide adequate time for them to extinguish the fire prior to its development to advance stagesO

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 22

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

~SYMTRON _ SYSTEMS inc

17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

FORMERLY AUSTIN ELECTRONICS

IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

CHANGES WELL CHANGE THISD

254ACounIyUneRcL Hatboro PA 19040

(215) 443-5008

OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

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Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

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Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

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o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

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Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

F EAT U R E

FIRE PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF

DEFENSE EQUIPMENT From an address by Congressman Charles Bennett Chairman ofthe Seapower Subcommittee ofthe US House Armed Services

Committee before the members ofDFPA February 23 1988

I recall that I was scheduled to speak

to your association last May over in Annapolis and that the rush of the

legislative schedule in the House prevented my being with you at the last minute A couple of days after that the USS Stark was attacked in the Persian Gulf Perhaps no event in recent memory did more to galvanize our attention on the fine work that your organization is doing than that attack on our frigate Yet your efforts go beyond the applications limited to naval operations but also to the operashytions of the Anny and the Air Force

SHIP SURVIVABILITY INITIATIVE LEGISLATION

Because this is such an important matter affecting the lives ofour sailors I was able to get this year in the defense authorizashytion bill a special authorization of $64 million to be used for firefighting damage control and personnel protection equipment Among the items to be procured are

bull Additional oxygen breathing apshyparatus and their canisters

bull Thennal imagers bull Wire-free damage control commiddot

munications bull Smoke curtains bull Helmet lights bull High-capacity fans and bull Non-sparking mechanical emergenshy

cy extraction equipment

Furthennore I wrote the Secretary ofthe Navy to request that the Navy submit a follow-up report in March That report would detail what improvements have been achieved or planned by the Navy and outline what additional funds may be

Directory

required next year to accomplish these measures Finally I requested that the Navy designate someone in authority to lead these efforts

My subcommittee will follow the Navys efforts closely and we will make every effort to see that the necessary funds are made available in future years

It is in that light that I will present to you a summary of the report of the Blue Ribshybon Panel convened by the Secretary of the Navy and speak also about related issues such as the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

THE USS STARK INCIDENT

I am pleased to report that my subcomshymittee was able to help lead efforts to include in the defense bill a new ship survivability initiative This is aimed at improving the ability of our ships and sailors to fight fIfes such as those that occurred in the Stark attack and deal with similar emergencies As Chainnan of the Seapower Subcommittee and as a represhysentative ofMayport I have a double conshycern to see that our safety equipment and training are the best possible I asked Secretary Webb immediately after the Stark incident what could be done in this He appointed the Blue Ribbon Commisshysion on Ship Survivability to identify problems and recommend remedies In October my subcommittee held hearings to receive the Commissions findings The Commission recommended actions to correct problems in damage control fire fighting equipment and ship design

Defense Fire Protection Association

The Blue Ribbon Panel was charged by Secretary of the Navy James Webb on June 25 1987 to review the facts surshyrounding the Stark incident relative to engineering and weapons systems design to investigate the survivability of the FFG-7 Class and other surface ships and to identify improvements for future ship design and weapons systems

BACKGROUND

The Stark is an FFG-7 Class ship It was designed in the early 1970s to protect non-aircraft carrier forces and to conduct ASW operations in conjunction with other sea control forces The Class is considered to be austere in design as it was the Navys fIfst experience in the designshyto-cost acquisition concept Severe conshystraints were imposed upon the design of the vessel such as a 3400-ton displaceshyment and a personnel accommodation ceiling of 185 There were no growth margins for future characteristic changes Although austere in design the ship inshycluded a well balanced plan of applicable survivability features

THE ATTACK

On May 17 1987 two Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi F-l Mirage aircraft struck the USS Stark while the ship was steaming independently in the Persian Gulf It was struck on the port side of the hull forward by a missile which ruptured the firemain piping penetrated a watershytight transverse bulkhead and came to rest inside the ship after passing two berthing areas This missile did not explode but started fires due to the incendiary effect of residual missile propellant A second

23

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

~SYMTRON _ SYSTEMS inc

17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

FORMERLY AUSTIN ELECTRONICS

IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

CHANGES WELL CHANGE THISD

254ACounIyUneRcL Hatboro PA 19040

(215) 443-5008

OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

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240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

27

o 0 000

Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

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Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

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Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

o 0 000 missile hit the ship shortly thereafter it detonated just forward of where the first missile entered the shell plating and also spread its buming residual propellant inshyside the ship

The intense heat combined with an imshymediate loss of firemain pressure and dense smoke impeded initial attempts to control the fire The heat caused an alshymost immediate flashover of all combusshytibles in the second deck berthing comshypartment After the initial burning of the propellant the fire was fed primarily by the high fuel load of the polyvinyl chloride jacketing of electrical cables plus normal combustibles present in the berthing compartment

The fire affected electric power cabling in the initially inflamed compartments and then in the main deck Radar-IFF-CIC Equipment Room directly above With no installed fire pump forward of the fire the crew used a P-250 MOD portable firedewatering pump and fire hose deployed from fire plugs in the after part of the ship to fight the fire The fire spread vertically (primarily by conduction) to the radar room above and then subsequently to the Combat Information Center directly above the radar room all this before being contained and eventually extinguished Rescue and Assistance Teams from nearshyby ships and a commercial salvage tug aided the Stark crew in fighting the fire As a result of the attack 37 crewmen were killed or declared missing However none was killed or seriously injured in the ensuing valiant damage control effort that saved the ship

THE NAVYS BASIC APPROACH TO SHIP

SURVIVABILITY

US Navy design practice requires cershytain standard survivability features comshymon to all Navy warships These include watertight subdivision and fire zones to limit the spread of flooding and fire equipment designed to withstand undershywater shock vital spaces for added protecshytion of mission critical systems and pershysonnel and separation and redundancy of vital systems among many other features

The USS Stark had all of these standard design features and more Additional FFG-7 Class survivability features were

added during construction including limited-fragmentation armor (KEVLAR) and the HALON firefighting system Beshycause of the FFG-7 future growth limits future extensive survivability and other improvements must result in other items being removed to compensate for space loss

The Navy continues to emphasize surshyface ship survivability strongly in its new designs and in selective backfit of imshyprovements to the Fleet Lessons learned from major shipboard fires such as the Stark are applied as they occur In 1979 the Navy formed the Aircraft Carrier Flag Level Firefighting Steering Committee to oversee needed improvements in aircraft carrier firefighting This committee now provided additional oversight for aviation amphibious ships and other air capable ships In 1982 the Navy formed a Surshyvivability Review Group to review design practice specifications and features to enshyhance the resistance of surface ships to enemy weapons This review group selected the FFG-7 Class as a typical frigate and developed numerous surshyvivability design principles which were presented in its February 1987 report These principles many of which were confirmed by the Stark incident have been implemented as design requireshyments

In 1983-1984 the Chief of Naval Operashytions reviewed Navy programs in passive fire protection insensitive munitions and ship survivability The result of those reviews is a comprehensive Surface Ship Survivability Program providing surshyvivability alterations for about 300 ships Portable survivability equipment passive fITe protection improvements for all Navy ships and a comprehensive RampD Proshygram for reducing the susceptibility of our own weapons to heat and shock are also included Fleet ships are now seeing the benefits of these programs

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

1 The Navy has an ongoing and Comshyprehensive surface ship survivability proshygram to deal effectively with threats

2 The USS Stark although damaged as a result of two Exocet hits did survive The damage could have been worse ex-

Defense Fire Protection Association

cept for the heroic and courageous perforshymance of the crew and the survivability features built into the ship

3 There were significant new lessons learned about the dangers imposed by residual missile fuels and the effects ofthe intense heat speed of fire growth and the resultant vertical fire spread

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BLUE RIBBON PANEL

REPORT

The specific recommendations that are applicable to the Stark incident are

1 Develop improved doctrine and proshycedures for

a dealing with intense weapon-inshyduced fires and attendant possible vertical fire spread

b removal of firefighting water from topside spaces

2 Apply current Navy policy for fire pump location and firemain arrangement and isolation capabilities to new construcshytion ship design

3 Require more extensive use of fire insulation on bulkheads and the underside of vital decks spaces

4 Provide smoke control doctrine and improved de smoking equipment portable or installed

5 Reduce fire load such as the quantity of combustible material in the ship espeshycially electrical cables in accordance with current Navy policy in new construcshytion and modernization

6 Provide improvements and additions in portable firefighting and damage conshytrol equipment in accordance with Navy ongoing action such as

a Wire-free damage control internal communications equipment

b Equipment for cutting access through bulkheads and decks

c Improved firefighter protective clothing

d JP-5Navy distillate fueled portable firefighting and de-watering pump

The general recommendations made folshylowing the Stark incident included such measures as

1 Execution of actions to provide surshyvivability improvements in FFG-7 Class ships and the USS Stark where practical during restoration and where applicable in other ship classes

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o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

~SYMTRON _ SYSTEMS inc

17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

FORMERLY AUSTIN ELECTRONICS

IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

CHANGES WELL CHANGE THISD

254ACounIyUneRcL Hatboro PA 19040

(215) 443-5008

OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

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Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

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Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

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Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

29

o 0 000

Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

o 0 000 2 Continued funding for the Surface

Survivability Program to provide for long-term improvements

3 Additional RampD a to better understand the anti-ship

missile threat damage effects and how to cope with them in ship design flfefighting doctrine and training

b for improved materials that will provide more effective fire-resistant inshysulation and reduced fire loads throughout US Navy ships

4 Providing improved continuity of electrical power and other vital services to combat system equipment

5 Future ship designs and ship systems which establish specific requirements for effectiveness and survivability against apshypropriate threat parameters and weapon threat effects Also specifications and procedures to ensure that requirements are met Review general specifications to enshysure survivability requirements exist against anticipated damage effects

6 Require survivability analyses for all new ship designs and for selected existing ship classes utilizing an approved standshyard model and scenarios

7 Not allow deviations from surshyvivability design principles without the advice of Naval Sea Systems Command and the approval of the CNO

8 Examine all US Navy ships for feasibility of backfitting applicable surshyvivability improvements develop priorities for these improvements and exshypand the current Surface Ship Surshyvivability Program to accomplish the highest priority items on an urgent basis

OTHER DEFENSE FIRE PROBLEMS

But what other defense fire problems do we face

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle Much has been written about the Bradley Fightshying Vehicle The Bradley is designed to replace the traditional armored personnel carrier with an enhanced mission through the placement of TOW anti-tank missiles and a 25mm cannon

This mission enhancement has resulted in increased risks for the Bradley because it is likely that the Bradley would be fightshying on the battlefield in close proximity to

Directory

tanks despite its vulnerability to anti-tank rounds Unfortunately the Bradley is a large high-profile target that is likely to be fired upon Therefore it is important that it be as survivable as possible in order to protect the soldiers within it

Unfortunately some designs of the Bradley have in my opinion unnecessarishyly added to the risks to those soldiers This is because the design places exshyplosive ammunition supplies within the body of the vehicle as opposed to on its exterior This means the soldiers sit surshyrounded by high-explosive ammunition This would not only become a severe fire hazard but could destroy the entire vehicle if detonated by a hit from armor-piercing artillery

Bradley Legislation As Cochairman of the Congressional Military Reform Caucus an informal bipartisan group of 136 members of the House and Senate I am pleased to note that I led a group of members of the caucus in successfully offering an amendment to the Defense bill to direct the Army to fix the Bradley

The amendment I offered on behalf of Representatives Barbara Boxer Tom Ridge Denny Smith Ron Wyden Mel Levine Albert Bustamante and Louise McIntosh Slaughter on the House floor intended to fix once and for all the Bradley Fighting Vehicle The House-Senate conshyference retained this amendment which was enacted as part of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988

As enacted the amendment required the Army to report to Congress on how it plans to fix the Bradley so that the Bradley will be lethal to the enemy yet reasonably secure for our soldiers In particular it prohibited spending on more Bradley Fighting Vehicles until the Secretary of Defense completes testing the Bradleys problem areas and comes up with a plan to fix them Numerous problems with the Bradley which is designed to carry our infantry into battle have been found but the Defense Department had still sought to keep buying more Bradleys before fixing them The amendment does recogshynize that cost is a factor

A hearing was held by the Armed Sershyvices Committee in November 1988 at which DOD reported on progress on adshydressing some of the concerns raised At

Defense Fire Protection Association

this hearing the Army testified and GAO agreed that live fire testing of the Bradley makes it clear that improvements are needed The Army is adopting some reconfigurations of the vehicle that will improve crew survivability One conshytroversial proposed improvement-adshyding 10000 lbs of reactive armor to the vehicle-is still under consideration by the Army The Army also says it is conshysidering the Military Reform Caucus proposal to restow greater amounts ofamshymunition from inside the crew compartshyment to outside the vehicle-which would be an improvement But it is not clear that this will be approved given the current budget squeeze

We who sponsored the Bradley amendshyment will continue to support full comshypliance with the law in order to seek the safest vehicle for our soldiers that is reasonably possible

Hydraulic Fluid Improvements During hearings in the House Armed Sershyvices Committee in 1986 expert tesshytimony was presented before the commitshytee indicating that past experiences with our weapons systems in combat revealed deadly deficiencies in those systems that could have been avoided with more adeshyquate testing of them As a result I ofshyfered legislation to require live-fire testshying of all new weapons systems

During World War II and the Korean Conflict our tank forces proved to be excessively flammable In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War the American M-60 burned or blew up when hit twice as freshyquently when compared with the British tank

In Vietnam US fighters proved unshynecessarily flammable and vulnerable Fire and explosion resulted in the downshying of almost 60 of the 5000 fighters lost in that conflict The Air Force started a crash program during the war to develop and install survivability improvement kits on fighters such as the F-4 and F-105

Some of the lessons learned about the combustibility of our tanks and aircraft were related to the hydIaulic fluids being used in them It was discovered to be highly flariunable A major effort is now underway to develop a less flammable fluid and it is now being tested in the live fife testing program which I authoredO

25

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

~SYMTRON _ SYSTEMS inc

17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

FORMERLY AUSTIN ELECTRONICS

IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

CHANGES WELL CHANGE THISD

254ACounIyUneRcL Hatboro PA 19040

(215) 443-5008

OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

27

o 0 000

Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

Directory 28

o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

29

o 0 000

Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

F EAT U R E ANSWERING THECHAUENGE

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY

The us Navys mission requires that it put ordnance on target fight while hurt and survive the engageshy

ment if humanly possible We must learn to design the ships damage control sysshytem to directly support these objectives During battle weapons that penetrate the combat system defenses will result in catastrophic explosions with fires and flooding men will be killed and injured Many systems will be disrupted a majority of the ships spaces will be afshyfected by fire smoke flooding and strucshytural damage and one- third or more of the damage control resources will either be destroyed or unavailable The criteria for damage control system perrormance is straight forward survive the damage and

By David Geer

support the ships damage control orshyganization iJS long as the ship is afloat and manned

We must set high goals in order to meet the threat and damage control perforshymance requirements of the 1990s and 2000 This means

We must achieve an order ofmagnitude increase in damage control perrormance by 1993

We know how we can do it it is achievshyable We must start now Or we will be repeatedly faced with lessons learned from future Sheffields and Starks

The cost of damage control is very small compared to the cost of an unreplaceable ship being sunk or out of action for major repairs for two years in time of war

It is essential that we remember that our recent experience and lessons learned in the Falklands and the Persian Gulf are with 3rd World Nations with very low end weapons in very small quantities comshypared to the torpedoes mines and antishyshipping missiles of the Soviet arsenal

The US Navy has always been designed and trained to ail in harms way It will continue to do so

Joe Taussig (Under Secretary of the Navy for Survivability) in summarizing his experiences from Pearl Harbor to the present clearly stated our damage control challenge Tomorrow is too late if our men at sea are being killed todayO

~tf LIVE FIRE

TRAINING SYSTEMS OVER 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

IN FIRE SIMULATION

SEE US IN CRYSTAL CITY DFPA BOOTH 412

~SYMTRON _ SYSTEMS inc

17-01 POLLITT DRIVE FAIR LAWN NJ 07410

(201) 794-0200

FORMERLY AUSTIN ELECTRONICS

IT PUSHES FARTHER PULLS HARDER CUTSMORE AND OUT PERFORMS ALL OTHER RESCUE

CHANGES WELL CHANGE THISD

254ACounIyUneRcL Hatboro PA 19040

(215) 443-5008

OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

27

o 0 000

Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

Directory 28

o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

29

o 0 000

Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

OEXHIBITOR LISTINGO

Alpha Associates Inc-Booth No 414

2 Amboy Avenue Woodbridge NJ 07095 Mr Ron Holmberg 201-634-5700

Alpha Associates Inc is a proprietary supplier of custom designed coated andor laminated

extile products specializing in silicone coated fiberglass for high temperature end uses Other products include aluminized film laminations for use in radiant reflecshyive protective clothing air handling sysshy

tems and metal building insulation facings

Amatex Corporation - TIl 1032 Stanbridge Street Norristown PA 19404 Mr Harish LilaniW Maaskant 215-277-6100

Amatex Corporation supplies a variety offlame resistant high pershyformance textile products inshy

ended for various end uses such as thershymal insulation electrical insulation thershymal protective and safety clothing and packing and sealing products

American Fire Equipment-Booth No 915

13720 Dabney Road Woodbridge VA 22191 Mr Clifton M Wilder 703-643-1005

A co~plete line of Fire Fighting

EqUipment

American Godiva Inc-Booth No 312314

PO Box 300 St Joseph TN 38481 Mr Dick Otte 615-845-4144

M anufacturer of Fire Pumps and Accessories for the Fire Service Industry

American Heat Safety Video Productions Inc-Booth No 408

Directory

240 Souriegn Ct Suite C St Louis MO 630 II Mr John Leonard 800-722-2443

AMKUS Inc-Booth No 820921

5203 Thatcher Rd Downers Grove IL 60515 Mr Joseph Simon 312-963-6575

Ansul Spill-X Products Group-Booth No 121

I Stanton Street Marinette WI 54143 Mr John A Weaver 715-735-7411 715-735-3884

Manufacturer and marketer of spill control agents applicators and engineered systems for

emergency response and mitigation of hazardous chemical solvent and fuel spills Technology has applications in manufacturing facilities warehouses loading docks transportation vehicles marine terminals marine vessels waste treatment facilities hospitals laboratories and other areas where hazardous materials are handled Research and developmen personnel have a wide range ofexperience in spill control development and are equipped with test chambers and in strumentation to perform state-of-the-art spill evaluations Operate spill control training school providing hands-on spil treatment training

Arcair Company - T9 PO Box 406 Lancaster OH 43130 Mr James A Horwath 614-653-5618

The Arcair Company is the worlds foremost producer of state-of-the art manual and automatic air carb

on arc torches electrodes and accessories and is a world leader in the design and production of underwater cutting goug ing and welding torches electrodes and the sophisticated support systems through which they are applied In addition Ar

Defense Fire Protection Association

cair Company also manufactures a revolutionary new exothermic cutting system SLICE System which can cut bum or pierce virtually any metallic nonshymetallic or composite material The vershysatile SLICE Pack units can handle a wide variety of cutting jobs including forcible entry victim extrication plant mainshytenance building renovation demolition scrap cleanup and salvage work

Artificial Intelligence Applications-Booth No 124

134 Middle Neck Road Great Neck NY 11021 Mr Rodney A Nenner 516-829-5858

Ashland Carbon Fibers Division - T1

PO Box 391 Ashland 41114 Mr Donald D Carlos 606-327-6379

Manufacturer of CARBO FLEX carbon fibers for use in high temperature and fire blocking

applications

Astra Software Corporation-Booth No 701

969 Monroe Avenue Rochester NY 14620 Mr Tim Wiegert 716-473-0372

ASTRAs Online Fire Information Systems (OFIS) is the information management system for the fire

department of today and tomorrow Sophisticated hardware and software proshyvide state-of-the-art technology for all aspects of fire safety and control preplanshyning dispatching incident reporting inshyventory hazmat etc

Automatic Sprinkler Corp of America-Booth

No 117 1000 E Edgerton Rd ClevelandOH 44147 Mr Mike Finke 216-526-9900

27

o 0 000

Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

Directory 28

o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

29

o 0 000

Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

o 0 000

Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America designs installs and provides service inspection of

water spray fire protection systems Halon Carbon Dioxide dry chemical or foam special hazard systems Automatic Sprinkler also offers alarm and detection equipment heat detectors Range Guard and Safety First kitchen hood protection Cardox low pressure and hi-pressure COshy2 Fire Boss Gas Station and off-road vehicle fire extinguishers Yachtsman marine Halon extinguishers Marine C-OshyTwo CALl level detectors and Micro II and Micro Jr releasing panels

Baker Safety Equipment Inc-Booth No 413

Pyles Lane New Castle DE 19720 Mr Ralph Baker 302-652-7080

M anufacturers of the Baker Life Chute a rapid mass evacuation device for low or high rise

buildings in the event of fire earthquake or terrorism

Beltran Inc-Booth No 110

1133 E 35th St Brooklyn NY 11210 Mr Howard Seidler 718-338-3311

Beitran Inc works in Combustion amp Hazards Research and Developshyment

Bio Marine Inc-Booth No 813

45 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 Mr Steven H Weinstein 201-873-1808

Cairns amp Brothers Inc-Booth No 320

60 Webro Road Clifton NJ 07012 Mr William T McCutcheon Jr 201-473-5867

Designers and Manufacturers of Protective Equipment for Firefighters Products which meet

NFPA OSHA and military specificashytions

Carlon A Lamson amp Sessions Co-Booth No 216

25701 Science Park Dr ClevelandOH 44122 Mr Charles W Forsberg 216-831-4000

The Carlon Company provides rigid pvc nonmetallic electrical conshyduits fittings and accessories

electrical nonmetallic tubing boxes and fittings liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduits and fittings and nonmetallic electrical enclosures

Channing L Bete Co Inc-Booth No 704

200 State Rd South Deerfield MA 01373 Mr Ben Klopp 413-665-7611

Publishers of international booklets in the exclusive word-and-graphic style called Scriptography

Product line includes a wide range of fire safety and prevention titles for adults and children at home and on the job

Chemron Inc-Booth No 319

1455 Busch Pkwy Buffalo Grove IL 60089 Mr Richard L Mcintire 312-520-7300

Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc-Booth No 214

POBox 781 Latrobe PA 15650 Mr Carl Ogburn 412-537-9000

CSD Sealing Systems-Booth No 515517 27 UphamSt Melrose MA 02176 Mr Paul E Robinson

Defense Fire Protection Association

617 -662-9300

Supplier of Sealing Devices which provide for the water-tight gasshytight and fire stopping of pipes and

cables Also fire resistant flooring amp cable tray firestops

DC Filter amp Chemical Inc-Booth No

1517 Fifth St Sandusky OH 44870 JP Polly 419-626-3967

Dc Filter amp Chemical Inc manufactures textile processing compounds

Downey Inc-Booth No 326

12650 C Lake Ridge Drive Lake Ridge VA 22192 Ms Dianne Drake 703-550-8033

Packaging Systems and materials fire retardant packaging - Corshyrugated Plastics Coatings and

Paper

Duraline Division of JB Nottingham amp Co Inc-Booth No 225

75 Hoffman Lane Central Islip NY 11722 Mr Bob Arnold 516-234-2002

EI Du Pont de Nemours amp Company-Booth No 221 EADNA-226 1007 Market Street Wilmington DE 19898 Ms Nancy M Carver 302-774-2692

DuPont makes the materials that go into making fire safe products for the military and commercial use

Eagle Air Systems-Booth No 416

POBox 458 Pleasant Garden NC 27313 Mr John R Sexton 919-674-3621

Directory 28

o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

29

o 0 000

Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

o 0 000

Eagle Air Systems manufactures and distributes The Eagle BARON which is the ultimate

in SCBA Filling Systems - a complete respiratory air process system Eagle Airs standard product line includes air compressor and purifiers for treatment of breathing air for vital life support systems used by divers firefighters petrochemical workers and persons exposed to other related hazardous environments

Eastport International Inc-Booth No 119

501 Prince Georges Blvd Upper Marlboro MD 20772 Mr Michael Higgins 301-249-3300

Eastport Develops and builds speshy

cialized fire-fighting tools

Edwards amp Cromwell-Booth No 115

16016 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70810 Mr David Edwards 504-292-3377

Elkhart Brass - Booth No 419

1302 W Beardsley Ave PO Box 1127 Elkhart IN 46515 Mr Brian Cable 219-295-8330

Elkhart Brass manufactures and disshytributes firefighting Nozzles and equipment such as fire fighting

nozzles educators monitors nozzle acshycessories valves test equipment adapshyters and tools for fire service application

Flammadur Corporation of America-Booth No 601 101 Research Drive POBox 7390 Hampton VA 23666 Dr Adarsh Deepak 703-276-3302

Directory

Flammadur provides the most adshyvanced barrier systems based upon inorganic heat absorbing materials

for rigid high strength long-lasting penetration fire stops

Hale Fire Pump Co-Booth No 605606

700 Spring Mill Rd Conshohocken PA 19428 Mr Dean Perry 215-825-6300

Small business established in 1914 dedicated to the design and manufacture ofproducts serving the

firefighting and rescue industries Hale manufactures a complete line of portable truck mounted and stand-by fire pumps and the Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue tools Hale Pumps and HurstJaws ofLife are the acknowledged leaders in their industries

Hardwood Plywood Association-Booth No 602 1825 Michael Faraday Drive PO Box 2789 Reston VA 22090 Mr Gary Gramp 703-435-2900

TheHPMA Testing Laboratoryconshyducts fire testing based upon ASTM E-84 E-162 E-648 E-662

E-906 FAA rate of heat release

Hevi DutylNelson a Unit of General Signal-Booth

No 424 4041 S Sheridan Rd POBox 726 Tulsa OK 74145 Mr Robert Johnson 918-627-5530

Heavy DutyNelson a Division of General Signal will introduce CTG Firestop Coating a highly

intumescent fire protective coating suitable for use on electrical power and control cables to enhance fire resistance or provide extended circuit integrity under emergency conditions The companys complete line offirestop sealing products will be shown including the Nelson Multi-Cable Transit MPS Multi-Plugs CLK waterproof firestop caulk FSP premixed firestop putty CMP frrestop

Defense Fire Protection Association

compound and Nelson PL W firestop pilshylows for temporary installations These products are designed to seal openings in fire rated walls floors bulkheads and decks to prevent the spread of fire smoke and toxic gases

Hoechst Celanese Corp-Booth No 525

PO Box 32414 Charlotte NC 28232 Ms Julia Baer 704-335-0765

Hoechst Celanese manufactures and distributes PBI (Polybeft zimidazole) Fiber a high perforshy

mance organic fiber with a unique comshybination of thermal and chemical propershyties PBI was initially developed as a flame resistant fiber for the NASA Space Program PBI is now commercially availshyable for use in a wide variety of demandshying military civilian and industrial apshyplications PBI makes the difference in military fire fightingprotective apparel

Holmatro Inc-Booth No 702

412 Hedquarters Drive POBox 99 Millersville MD 21108 Mr Peter Penoyar 301-987 -6633

HOlmatro Inc is the largest rescue tool manufacturer in the world with factories in the USA and

Europe Holmatro Inc manufactures and disshy

tributes hydraulic and pneumatic rescue tools

HTL Division Pacific Scientific-Booth No 324

4130 Linden Avenue Dayton OH 45432 Mr John VanEynde 513-252-9380

Ideanetics Simulators Sys-Booth No 801

6413 Glenroy St San Diego CA 92120 Mr Edward Wright 619-286-3718

29

o 0 000

Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

o 0 000

Fire Tactics Simulator trains fire pershysonnel on tactics strategy and fire ground management Also used as

assesment lab to evaluate potential ofshyficers Simulators dilplay situations in your own community includes chemical aircraft highrise fuel packs etc

Industrial Scientific Corp-Booth No 317

355 Steubenville Pike Oakdale PA 15071 Mr Garth Miller 800-338-3287

I ndustrial Scientific is a small business that manufactures instruments that detect and monitor oxygen combusshy

tible gas and toxic gases

Ingersoll-Rand Company-Booth No 418

5510-77 Center Drive Charlotte NC 28224 Mr John Rousseaux 704-527-0500

M anufacturers of Industrial Air Compressors The Small Comshypressor Division supplies stashy

tionary equipment up to 100 Hp With pressure up to 5000 PSIG for low pressure and high pressure breathing air systems

International Association of Fire Chiefs-Booth No

803 1329 18th St NW Washington DC 20036 Mr Bill Kehoe 202-833-3420

The Intemational Association of Fire Chiefs was founded in 1873 and is one of Americas oldest

professional associations Its aim is the further professional advancement and development of fire and emergency sershyvice managers and administrators who provide protection of life and property from fire natural and man-made emershygencies and related environmental problems

Membership is open to all chief fire ofshyficers of all ranks (2-5 trumpets) Further information may be obtained by contactshying IAFC 1329 18th Street NW Washington DC 20036 202-833-3420

30

International Environment Technologies Ltd-Booth

No lOS POBox 3389 Grand Rapids MI 49501 Mr Lou DeCourval 933-6084

International Safety Instruments Inc-Booth

No 219 922 Hurricane Shoals Rd Lawrenceville GA 30245 Mr Martyn E Hills 800-235-7677 Manufacturer of self-contained breathshy

ing apparatus also PAPRs and airline sysshytems

J Rock Associates-Booth No 116

8454 Tidewater Drive Norfolk VA 23518 Mr Jim Rock 804-588-7317

King Fisher Co-Booth No 220

2350 Foster Ave Wheeling IL 60090 Mr Carl J King 312-398-7100 312-255-1507

The King-Fisher Company is a leadshying manufacturer of emergency alarm monitoring systems fire

alarm and detection control panels and computer aided dispatching systems In addition King-Fisher Company represhysents a complete line offire fighting foam equipment

KK Products (Task Force Tips Inc)-Booth No 519

1004 Silhavy Rd Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Rod Carringer 219-465-1266

Defense Fire Protection Association

KK Products is a manufacturer and distributor offixed and selectable gallonage fire fighting nozzles

for use in municipal industrial and forestry fire fighting

KT Corporation - T10 300 Long Beach Blvd Stratford CT 06497 Mr WE Gutman 203-377-5900 203-377-8777

KT Corporation develops produces and markets nuclear biological and chemical (NBC)

defense systems and equipment and products for police and security organizashytions including respirators protective clothing and accessories fully militarized voice amplification systems FM transceivers and microclimate cooling units to prevent and combat heat stress

Life Support Products Inc-Booth No 802

One Mauchly PO Box 19569 Irvine CA 92713-9569 Mr William Gadol 714-727-2000

Life Support Products Inc is a manufacturer and distributor of emergency medical equipment

oxygen systems bum management spine immobilization and anti-shock devices

Malyne Enterprises-Booth No 111

5731 Palmer Way Suite C-l Carlsbad CA 92008 Mr Ronald Krempasky 619-931-1231

Malyne Enterprises Inc is a full serVice company whose primary products are nochars

fire Preventer a State of the Art fire retarshydant Military electronic lighting equipshyment and Kevlar products ranging from water vessels to aircraft

MAN-SAF Technologies Inc-Booth No 521

4022 Old Bardstown Road Louisville KY 40218 Mr Chuck Ferguson

Directory

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

o 0 000 502-499-9999

Patent Holder and Manufacturer of X-STING a new unique safety atshytachment that fits most oxyfuel

cutting-welding torches and converts torch immediately into a fire extinguisher with the lift of a finger Used mainly for fire prevention during cutting and weldshying MAN-SAF also distributes and is developing other safety products

Members of American Welding Society and National Welding Suppliers Assn

Martin Marietta Aero amp Naval Systems-Bth No 113

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza Baltimore MD 21220 Ms Pat Bowers 301-682-0166 - 301-682-3483 Martin Marietta designs integrates and

assembles total ship automated and semishyautomated damage control systems using their own and other manufacturers techshynologies including coaxial and fiber optic networks robotics expert systems artifishycial intelligence state of the art displays etc

Masonite Corporation-Booth No 108

1 South Wacker Drive ChicagoIL 60606 Mr David Pellegrini 312-750-0900

M asonite Corporation specializes in Masonite Brand FLAME TEST Architectural Products

These products are used for interior and exterior wall surfacing and have a Class 1 (Class A) Flame Spread Rating of less than 25 as classified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc bull per ASTM E84 This unique group of fire-retardant treated materials have a dry chemical incorshyporated during the manufacturing process as an internal part of the board substrate This means that the treatment is pershymanent the fire resistant properties will not diminish due to age or exposure Adshyditionally Flame Test Products do not contain harmful corrosive salts or asbesshytos fibers

Flame Test Products offer pleasing aesshythetics wall durability and Class A protecshytion and are available in a variety of surshyface textures and fmishes

Directory

Medical Plastics Laboratory-Booth No 102 POBox 38 Gatesville TX 7658-0038 Sherry D Nichols 817 -865-7221 Manufactures anatomic reproductions

CPR mannequins amp Training Tools

Micro-Thrbo North America-Booth No 919

55 Orville Dr Bohemia NY 11716 Mr Chris Christensen 516-567-3780

Micro Turbo North America designs and manufactures gas turbine systems for military and

commercial use

Military Firefighters Magazine - Booth No 215 3 Woodhurst Rd Acton London England W3 6SS Mr Stephen Kennedy 01-992-8727

MILITEC Inc - Booth 804

900 17th St NW Suite 1100 Washington DC 20006 Mr Brad Giordani (202) 223-3784

Advanced technology metal conshyditioner with applications in enshygines gear boxes transmissions

and pumps which results in reduced fricshytion wear and greater lubricity Inshycreases machine and motor life and facilitates cold weather starts

Mine Safety Appliances Co-Booth No 603

PO Box 428 Pittsburgh PA 15230 Mr Eric Anderson 412-733-9100

MUSTANG MFG INC shyBOOTH 806

Defense Fire Protection Association

National Draeger Inc-Booth No 109

101 Tech Drive Pittsburgh PA 15230-0120 Mr Ray Clarke 412-787 -8383

Known world-wide as the leader in fields of gas detection warning systems breathing protection amp

filter technology We have developed a variety of detection technologies and products which economically and acshycurately test the air to provide the opshytimum in respiratory safety

National Fire Hose Corp-Booth No 315

516 E Oaks St Compton CA 90224 Mr Sherman Stark 213-537-5211

National Fire Hose Corp manufacshytures a complete line of single jacket double jacket and rubber

covered fire hoses in size ranges of 1 through 6 diameter This product line includes all constructions to meet any ZZH-451 types AampB Classes I II or III MIL-H-24606 and all US Forest Service requirements

North American Fire Guardian-Booth No 104

700 West Pender St Vancouver BC Canada V6CIG8 Mr Peter Tammark 604-684-7374

NAFG is primarily involved in the RampD production and marketing of non-brominated alternatives to

existing Halon (1211 amp 1301) fire extinshyguishing agents and non-toxic halogen and bromine free fire retardants It is now manufacturing the key components for the fire fighting agents and retardant comshypounds and has contracted out large scale production under licence NAFG personshynel have a wide range of experience in chemistry RampD active fire fighting fire protection and safety The company can also provide technical assistance where the customer is unsure about product testshying and application methods best suited for his needs

31

o 0 000

Paratech Inc-Booth No 325

1025 Lambrecht Rd FrankfortIL 60423 Mr Peter Nielsen 815-469-391I

Manufacturer of forcible entry rescue tools maxiforce air bags leak sealing equipment

and pneumatic powered tools

Perma Glo Ind Inc-Booth No 120

31I1 Camino Del Rio North Suite 1I00 San Diego CA 92108 Mr Dave Drummond 619-280-9800

Peter Pirsch Co-Booth No 118

1308 35th Street Kenosha WI 53140 Mr John F Haas 414-658-8141

p eter Pirsch Co is a privately held _ small business

Phoenix Rescue Tools-Booth No 316

254-A County Line Rd Hatboro PA 19040 Mr Kevin Brick 215-443-5008

Pyrocap Inc (Unified Industries) - Booth No 818 6551 Loisdale Suite 714 Springfield VA 22150 Mr Junius Hayes 703-922-9800 Pyroshield Inc 8010 Rosweld Rd - Suite 100 Atlanta GA 30350 (404) 698-8770

Pyrotenax USA Inc-Booth No 114

5462 Treefrog Place Columbia MD 21045 Mr Alvin Steinbach 301-997-5105

Manufacturers of a UL listed two hour fire resistant cable for wiring critical cirshycuits - Mineral insulated cable

Racal Health amp Safety Inc-Booth No 604

7309 Grove Rd Frederick MD 21701 Ms Bridget Traynor 301-695 -8200 RHSI manufactures innovative personal

health and safety products

Ranger Rescue Equipment-Booth No 107

134 Farnem Pike (Rt 104) Smithfield RI 02917 Mr Al Sergio 401-231-0380

Ranpak Corporation-Booth No 100

4860 East 345th Street-B Willoughby OH 44094 Mr Timothy J DOff 216-951-3620

Ranpak Corporation manufactures the PADPAKtrade Dunnage Sysshytem which produces cushioning

on demand Stock rolls are available to suit a variety of packaging needs includshying flame resistant

RAVA Corporation-Booth No 101

Research Alternatives Inc-Booth No 703

966 Hungerford Dr Suite 3 Rockville MD 20850 Mr Steve Johnson 301-424-2803

RAI is an emergency consulting firm dedicated to different tech shynologies in the emergency

management profession

Robotronics Inc-Booth No 927

1529 N Main St Spanish Fork UT 84660 Mr Don Fenn 801-798-3543

RObotronics Inc manufactures and markets fully animated talking mobile robots that have become

the spokespersons for teaching public safety to the fire service law enforceshyment emergency medical services hospitals school districts and utility companies

Rockwood Systems Corp-Booth No 321

640 E Main St PO Box 810 Lancaster TX 75146 Mr Juanita Kuattila 214-227-3100

ROCkWOOk Systems provides fire fighting foams and fire protection systems

ROLL-O-MATIC Inc-Booth No 318

1I50 Elmwood PO Box 22049 Kansas City MO 64127 Mr David Barnard 816-241-9191

M anufacturer of the Robinson Shutter an aluminum roll-up door system with double wall

slats and an interseal between every slat Easier access to storage compartments on emergency vehicles is afforded by this system The lift bar lock allows one handed operation of the door

Southwest Virginia Research and Development

Corporation-Booth No 103 POBox 1175 Abingdon VA 24210 Mr Walt Herman 703-628-1261

M arine Engineering and Mechanical Engineering specilities with 20 years~xshy

perience in advanced fire fighting technishyques for large off-shore and marine fires Electronic and computer controlled

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 32

o 0 000 processing Southwest Virginia RampD personnel have a wide range of fire fightshying experience including mineJlfe safety

SKEDCO-Booth No 217 16420 WW 72nd Avenue PO Box 230366 Portland OR 97224 Mr Bud Calkin 503-639-2119

Sorrento Engineering Inc-Booth No 417

2601 Hoover Avenue Suite C National City CA 92050 Ms Lola E Crosswhite 619-477-5574

Sorrento Engineering provides manufacturing technology for the formulation of polyimide foam and

the application of techniques necessary to transition polyimide foam with its high flame resistance and non-toxic characshyteristics into usable products for military and commercial applications

Southwest Research Institute-Booth No 924

6220 Culebra Road San Antonio TX 78284 Mr Nigel Stamp 512-522-2687

The Department ofFire Technology of SWRI a nonprofit applied reshysearch and development organizashy

tion is dedicated to the advancement of fife safety science and technology It is engaged in development of fire safety standards procedures and test methods for the evaluation of both structural comshyposites and composite materials

Space Age Technology Products Inc - T13

4536 West Lawrence Avenue Chicago IL 60630 Mr Harry Shayman 312-725-0404 Produces products for and serve all those

that are in need of protection against fire spread and high heat as well as smoke suppressing

Directory

Symtron Systems Inc-Booth No 412

17-01 Pollitt Drive PO Box 950 Fair Lawn NJ 07410 Mr Frank Cerven 201-794-0200

Symtron Systems provides Live Fire Training Simulators (specifically 19F Series for US Navy) designed

for realistic effective repetitive and safe training of personnel in a true-to-life enshyvironment

Systron Donner-Booth No 415

2731 Systron Drive Concord CA 94518 Mr Larry Barr 415-674-6731

Task Force Tips Inc (KK Products)-Booth No 519

2800 E Evans Ave Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Douglas C McMillan 219-462-6161

Manufactu rers of high-perforshymance fire suppression equipshyment automatic fire hose nozshy

zles

Tempest Technology Corporation-Booth No 814 Route 7 Box 916 Boone NC 28607 Mr Charles M Williard 704-264-5880

Tempest Technology Corporation specializes in the design and manufacture of the Tempest Power

Blower This product is used in positive pressure ventilation with applications in fire fighting and hazardous materials AMCA certified

Tempo Glove Manufacturing Inc-Booth

No 409 3820 W Wisconsin Ave Milwaukee WI 53208

Defense Fire Protection Association

Mr Richard Manolman 414-344-1100

Manufacturer of three separate lines of protective gloves fire fighting gloves mittens amp

hoods high heat gloves mittens and outshydoor wool fingermit

TEX-Tech Industries Inc-Booth No 926

Main Street PO Box 8 North Monmouth ME 04265 Mr Stephen L Rossi 207-933-4404

Trilling Medical Technologies Inc-Booth

No 421 3335 W Duke St Alexandria VA 22314 Mr Bob Harder 703-823-3103 703-823-3007

M anufactures Waterjel a unique patented multi-use product for emergency burn care and fire

protectionrescue It comes in sizes from 8 x 6 blanket to a 2 x 6 Sterile Burn Dressing When applied to burn Watershyjel cools and protects the area while imshymediately helping to ease the pain The blankets can also be used to shield a resshycuer or victim from flames and heat of fire

The product is fast and easy to use no special training is required It is bacshyteriostatic and protects the covered wound from contamination And it is water soluble FSN 6510-01-28-0799

Underwriters Laboratories Inc-Booth

No 425 1285 Walt Whitman Rd Melville NY 11747 Mr Ron Buckingham 516-271-6200

Underwriters Laboratories Inc is an independent not-for-profit corshyporation dedicated to reducing or

preventing bodily injury loss of life and property damage It is a nationally and internationally recognized third-party certifying organization serving manufacshy

33

o 0 0 0 0 turers through a nationwide network of laboratory complexes and an international network of inspection centers In addition to comprehensive facilities at the headshyquarters location in Northbrook IL UL operates laboratories at Melville NY Santa Clara CA and Research Triangle NC Follow-up inspection offices are maintained in more than 120 US Cities and 70 foreign countries

UNM New Mexico Engineering

Institute-Booth No 218 2650 Yale Blvd SE Suite 101 Albuquerque NM 87106 Ms Monica Rodriguez 505-768-7579

The New Mexico Research Institute (NMERI) the full-time nonshyprofit research unit of the College

of Engineering of the University of New Mexico employs 200 scientists enshygineers and staff in the performance of research and development and expert sershyvices for the public and the private sectors The Advanced Protection Technologies Division develops new technologies to protect people property and the environshyment

Vetter SysVepro USA-Booth No 914

401 Parkway View Dr Pittsburgh PA 15205 Mr Harry Metcalfe

VeprouSA provides air bags for heavy lifting aircraft recovery and rescue as well as vacuums and

plugs for hazardous material containment

VSI Inc-Booth No 815 335 Lake Seminary Circle POBox 1392 Maitland FL 32751 Mr John Laudermilk

407-339-0403 VSI Inc develops and builds smoke

generator equipment for frrefighting trainshying It is presently marketing the model SM-3K Smoke Master portable smoke generator and is planning other models including a battery operated and a smaller low cost model

WS Darley amp Co-Booth No 925

2000 Anson Dr Melrose Park IL 60 160 Mr Paul C Darley - Bob Spertzel 312-345-8050

M anufacturers of a complete line of fire fighting pumps and apshyparatus including the popular

Darley Champion HE 18 BS portable pump capable of producing over 500 GPM and priced about one-half the cost of other comparable portable pumps

Walter Kidde Aerospace Inc-Booth No 809

POBox 1147 Wake Forest NC 27587 Mr Ernie Anselmi 919-556-6811 919-556-7766

Wing Enterprises Inc-Booth No 420

2241 South Larsen Parkway Provo UT 84601 Mr Steve Garner 801-375-9620

Wing Enterprises manufactures the Little Giant Fire Fighting Ladders

Winsol Laboratories Cost Plus-Booth No 805

1417 NW 51th Street Seattle WA 98107

Mr Tom Bowser 301-760-9070

Winsol Laboratories produces cleaning chemicals for turnout gear Winsol facilities and

specialties include a MRampD Chemical Lab fabric maintenance specifically in firefighter equipment and clothing

Zero Corporation-Booth No 125224

12030 Sunrise Valley Dr Suite 110 Reston VA 22091 Mr Dale L Trout 703-476-4744

Zero has established itself as the leading producer of specialized enclosures cooling equipment and

accessories primarily for the electronics industry Zero also markets a high value line of luggage camera and carrying cases under the Zero Halliburton and Anvil Brand names

The Zero enclosures include instrument housings carrying cases for portable equipment cabinets for electronic equipshyment and consoles for controls To supshyport the needs of customer systems Zero also offers a wide range of complemenshytary products including blowers cooling systems PCB card files chassis slides and other accessories

These products are manufactured in one European and eleven US locations thus allowing Zero to fulfill its customers needs for availability and service

Zero has the competitive advantage of being able to respond quickly to customer requirements through an in-house invenshytory of more than 40000 sizes of deep drawn enclosures which can be provided to the customer without tooling or enshygineering chargesa

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 34

If saving up to 50 on your installationsconstruction is

important to you

CARLON CAN HELP Contractors across the country have realized net installed savings of50 and more using Carlon Flex-Plus4 Blut ENl electrical non-metallic tubing fittings and accessories and Carjlett liquid tight conduit andfittings

flex-PluS Blue~ ENT bull Easy installation bull Hand bendable bull Safe non-conductive bull Confonns to NEMA TC-13

and complies with the Council of American Building Officials Report NER-290

Carflert bull Easy installation bull Safe non-metallic bull Corrosion crush

abrasion strain resistant bull Strong lightweight bull Dimensions confonn to

industry standards bull UL Listed

IMPORTANT NEC NOTICE the floor limitation imposed on the use of electrical non-metallic tubing has been withdrawn AND the use of electrical non-metallic tubing for ENCASED APPUCATIONS has been introduced t

Check with your local inspector on 1987National Electrical Code acceptance Article 331

Carlon lAMSON amp SESSIONS COPy

25701 Science Park Drive Cleveland Ohio 44122 216831-4000

o 0 000 processing Southwest Virginia RampD personnel have a wide range of fire fightshying experience including mineJlfe safety

SKEDCO-Booth No 217 16420 WW 72nd Avenue PO Box 230366 Portland OR 97224 Mr Bud Calkin 503-639-2119

Sorrento Engineering Inc-Booth No 417

2601 Hoover Avenue Suite C National City CA 92050 Ms Lola E Crosswhite 619-477-5574

Sorrento Engineering provides manufacturing technology for the formulation of polyimide foam and

the application of techniques necessary to transition polyimide foam with its high flame resistance and non-toxic characshyteristics into usable products for military and commercial applications

Southwest Research Institute-Booth No 924

6220 Culebra Road San Antonio TX 78284 Mr Nigel Stamp 512-522-2687

The Department ofFire Technology of SWRI a nonprofit applied reshysearch and development organizashy

tion is dedicated to the advancement of fife safety science and technology It is engaged in development of fire safety standards procedures and test methods for the evaluation of both structural comshyposites and composite materials

Space Age Technology Products Inc - T13

4536 West Lawrence Avenue Chicago IL 60630 Mr Harry Shayman 312-725-0404 Produces products for and serve all those

that are in need of protection against fire spread and high heat as well as smoke suppressing

Directory

Symtron Systems Inc-Booth No 412

17-01 Pollitt Drive PO Box 950 Fair Lawn NJ 07410 Mr Frank Cerven 201-794-0200

Symtron Systems provides Live Fire Training Simulators (specifically 19F Series for US Navy) designed

for realistic effective repetitive and safe training of personnel in a true-to-life enshyvironment

Systron Donner-Booth No 415

2731 Systron Drive Concord CA 94518 Mr Larry Barr 415-674-6731

Task Force Tips Inc (KK Products)-Booth No 519

2800 E Evans Ave Valparaiso IN 46383 Mr Douglas C McMillan 219-462-6161

Manufactu rers of high-perforshymance fire suppression equipshyment automatic fire hose nozshy

zles

Tempest Technology Corporation-Booth No 814 Route 7 Box 916 Boone NC 28607 Mr Charles M Williard 704-264-5880

Tempest Technology Corporation specializes in the design and manufacture of the Tempest Power

Blower This product is used in positive pressure ventilation with applications in fire fighting and hazardous materials AMCA certified

Tempo Glove Manufacturing Inc-Booth

No 409 3820 W Wisconsin Ave Milwaukee WI 53208

Defense Fire Protection Association

Mr Richard Manolman 414-344-1100

Manufacturer of three separate lines of protective gloves fire fighting gloves mittens amp

hoods high heat gloves mittens and outshydoor wool fingermit

TEX-Tech Industries Inc-Booth No 926

Main Street PO Box 8 North Monmouth ME 04265 Mr Stephen L Rossi 207-933-4404

Trilling Medical Technologies Inc-Booth

No 421 3335 W Duke St Alexandria VA 22314 Mr Bob Harder 703-823-3103 703-823-3007

M anufactures Waterjel a unique patented multi-use product for emergency burn care and fire

protectionrescue It comes in sizes from 8 x 6 blanket to a 2 x 6 Sterile Burn Dressing When applied to burn Watershyjel cools and protects the area while imshymediately helping to ease the pain The blankets can also be used to shield a resshycuer or victim from flames and heat of fire

The product is fast and easy to use no special training is required It is bacshyteriostatic and protects the covered wound from contamination And it is water soluble FSN 6510-01-28-0799

Underwriters Laboratories Inc-Booth

No 425 1285 Walt Whitman Rd Melville NY 11747 Mr Ron Buckingham 516-271-6200

Underwriters Laboratories Inc is an independent not-for-profit corshyporation dedicated to reducing or

preventing bodily injury loss of life and property damage It is a nationally and internationally recognized third-party certifying organization serving manufacshy

33

o 0 0 0 0 turers through a nationwide network of laboratory complexes and an international network of inspection centers In addition to comprehensive facilities at the headshyquarters location in Northbrook IL UL operates laboratories at Melville NY Santa Clara CA and Research Triangle NC Follow-up inspection offices are maintained in more than 120 US Cities and 70 foreign countries

UNM New Mexico Engineering

Institute-Booth No 218 2650 Yale Blvd SE Suite 101 Albuquerque NM 87106 Ms Monica Rodriguez 505-768-7579

The New Mexico Research Institute (NMERI) the full-time nonshyprofit research unit of the College

of Engineering of the University of New Mexico employs 200 scientists enshygineers and staff in the performance of research and development and expert sershyvices for the public and the private sectors The Advanced Protection Technologies Division develops new technologies to protect people property and the environshyment

Vetter SysVepro USA-Booth No 914

401 Parkway View Dr Pittsburgh PA 15205 Mr Harry Metcalfe

VeprouSA provides air bags for heavy lifting aircraft recovery and rescue as well as vacuums and

plugs for hazardous material containment

VSI Inc-Booth No 815 335 Lake Seminary Circle POBox 1392 Maitland FL 32751 Mr John Laudermilk

407-339-0403 VSI Inc develops and builds smoke

generator equipment for frrefighting trainshying It is presently marketing the model SM-3K Smoke Master portable smoke generator and is planning other models including a battery operated and a smaller low cost model

WS Darley amp Co-Booth No 925

2000 Anson Dr Melrose Park IL 60 160 Mr Paul C Darley - Bob Spertzel 312-345-8050

M anufacturers of a complete line of fire fighting pumps and apshyparatus including the popular

Darley Champion HE 18 BS portable pump capable of producing over 500 GPM and priced about one-half the cost of other comparable portable pumps

Walter Kidde Aerospace Inc-Booth No 809

POBox 1147 Wake Forest NC 27587 Mr Ernie Anselmi 919-556-6811 919-556-7766

Wing Enterprises Inc-Booth No 420

2241 South Larsen Parkway Provo UT 84601 Mr Steve Garner 801-375-9620

Wing Enterprises manufactures the Little Giant Fire Fighting Ladders

Winsol Laboratories Cost Plus-Booth No 805

1417 NW 51th Street Seattle WA 98107

Mr Tom Bowser 301-760-9070

Winsol Laboratories produces cleaning chemicals for turnout gear Winsol facilities and

specialties include a MRampD Chemical Lab fabric maintenance specifically in firefighter equipment and clothing

Zero Corporation-Booth No 125224

12030 Sunrise Valley Dr Suite 110 Reston VA 22091 Mr Dale L Trout 703-476-4744

Zero has established itself as the leading producer of specialized enclosures cooling equipment and

accessories primarily for the electronics industry Zero also markets a high value line of luggage camera and carrying cases under the Zero Halliburton and Anvil Brand names

The Zero enclosures include instrument housings carrying cases for portable equipment cabinets for electronic equipshyment and consoles for controls To supshyport the needs of customer systems Zero also offers a wide range of complemenshytary products including blowers cooling systems PCB card files chassis slides and other accessories

These products are manufactured in one European and eleven US locations thus allowing Zero to fulfill its customers needs for availability and service

Zero has the competitive advantage of being able to respond quickly to customer requirements through an in-house invenshytory of more than 40000 sizes of deep drawn enclosures which can be provided to the customer without tooling or enshygineering chargesa

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 34

If saving up to 50 on your installationsconstruction is

important to you

CARLON CAN HELP Contractors across the country have realized net installed savings of50 and more using Carlon Flex-Plus4 Blut ENl electrical non-metallic tubing fittings and accessories and Carjlett liquid tight conduit andfittings

flex-PluS Blue~ ENT bull Easy installation bull Hand bendable bull Safe non-conductive bull Confonns to NEMA TC-13

and complies with the Council of American Building Officials Report NER-290

Carflert bull Easy installation bull Safe non-metallic bull Corrosion crush

abrasion strain resistant bull Strong lightweight bull Dimensions confonn to

industry standards bull UL Listed

IMPORTANT NEC NOTICE the floor limitation imposed on the use of electrical non-metallic tubing has been withdrawn AND the use of electrical non-metallic tubing for ENCASED APPUCATIONS has been introduced t

Check with your local inspector on 1987National Electrical Code acceptance Article 331

Carlon lAMSON amp SESSIONS COPy

25701 Science Park Drive Cleveland Ohio 44122 216831-4000

o 0 0 0 0 turers through a nationwide network of laboratory complexes and an international network of inspection centers In addition to comprehensive facilities at the headshyquarters location in Northbrook IL UL operates laboratories at Melville NY Santa Clara CA and Research Triangle NC Follow-up inspection offices are maintained in more than 120 US Cities and 70 foreign countries

UNM New Mexico Engineering

Institute-Booth No 218 2650 Yale Blvd SE Suite 101 Albuquerque NM 87106 Ms Monica Rodriguez 505-768-7579

The New Mexico Research Institute (NMERI) the full-time nonshyprofit research unit of the College

of Engineering of the University of New Mexico employs 200 scientists enshygineers and staff in the performance of research and development and expert sershyvices for the public and the private sectors The Advanced Protection Technologies Division develops new technologies to protect people property and the environshyment

Vetter SysVepro USA-Booth No 914

401 Parkway View Dr Pittsburgh PA 15205 Mr Harry Metcalfe

VeprouSA provides air bags for heavy lifting aircraft recovery and rescue as well as vacuums and

plugs for hazardous material containment

VSI Inc-Booth No 815 335 Lake Seminary Circle POBox 1392 Maitland FL 32751 Mr John Laudermilk

407-339-0403 VSI Inc develops and builds smoke

generator equipment for frrefighting trainshying It is presently marketing the model SM-3K Smoke Master portable smoke generator and is planning other models including a battery operated and a smaller low cost model

WS Darley amp Co-Booth No 925

2000 Anson Dr Melrose Park IL 60 160 Mr Paul C Darley - Bob Spertzel 312-345-8050

M anufacturers of a complete line of fire fighting pumps and apshyparatus including the popular

Darley Champion HE 18 BS portable pump capable of producing over 500 GPM and priced about one-half the cost of other comparable portable pumps

Walter Kidde Aerospace Inc-Booth No 809

POBox 1147 Wake Forest NC 27587 Mr Ernie Anselmi 919-556-6811 919-556-7766

Wing Enterprises Inc-Booth No 420

2241 South Larsen Parkway Provo UT 84601 Mr Steve Garner 801-375-9620

Wing Enterprises manufactures the Little Giant Fire Fighting Ladders

Winsol Laboratories Cost Plus-Booth No 805

1417 NW 51th Street Seattle WA 98107

Mr Tom Bowser 301-760-9070

Winsol Laboratories produces cleaning chemicals for turnout gear Winsol facilities and

specialties include a MRampD Chemical Lab fabric maintenance specifically in firefighter equipment and clothing

Zero Corporation-Booth No 125224

12030 Sunrise Valley Dr Suite 110 Reston VA 22091 Mr Dale L Trout 703-476-4744

Zero has established itself as the leading producer of specialized enclosures cooling equipment and

accessories primarily for the electronics industry Zero also markets a high value line of luggage camera and carrying cases under the Zero Halliburton and Anvil Brand names

The Zero enclosures include instrument housings carrying cases for portable equipment cabinets for electronic equipshyment and consoles for controls To supshyport the needs of customer systems Zero also offers a wide range of complemenshytary products including blowers cooling systems PCB card files chassis slides and other accessories

These products are manufactured in one European and eleven US locations thus allowing Zero to fulfill its customers needs for availability and service

Zero has the competitive advantage of being able to respond quickly to customer requirements through an in-house invenshytory of more than 40000 sizes of deep drawn enclosures which can be provided to the customer without tooling or enshygineering chargesa

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 34

If saving up to 50 on your installationsconstruction is

important to you

CARLON CAN HELP Contractors across the country have realized net installed savings of50 and more using Carlon Flex-Plus4 Blut ENl electrical non-metallic tubing fittings and accessories and Carjlett liquid tight conduit andfittings

flex-PluS Blue~ ENT bull Easy installation bull Hand bendable bull Safe non-conductive bull Confonns to NEMA TC-13

and complies with the Council of American Building Officials Report NER-290

Carflert bull Easy installation bull Safe non-metallic bull Corrosion crush

abrasion strain resistant bull Strong lightweight bull Dimensions confonn to

industry standards bull UL Listed

IMPORTANT NEC NOTICE the floor limitation imposed on the use of electrical non-metallic tubing has been withdrawn AND the use of electrical non-metallic tubing for ENCASED APPUCATIONS has been introduced t

Check with your local inspector on 1987National Electrical Code acceptance Article 331

Carlon lAMSON amp SESSIONS COPy

25701 Science Park Drive Cleveland Ohio 44122 216831-4000

If saving up to 50 on your installationsconstruction is

important to you

CARLON CAN HELP Contractors across the country have realized net installed savings of50 and more using Carlon Flex-Plus4 Blut ENl electrical non-metallic tubing fittings and accessories and Carjlett liquid tight conduit andfittings

flex-PluS Blue~ ENT bull Easy installation bull Hand bendable bull Safe non-conductive bull Confonns to NEMA TC-13

and complies with the Council of American Building Officials Report NER-290

Carflert bull Easy installation bull Safe non-metallic bull Corrosion crush

abrasion strain resistant bull Strong lightweight bull Dimensions confonn to

industry standards bull UL Listed

IMPORTANT NEC NOTICE the floor limitation imposed on the use of electrical non-metallic tubing has been withdrawn AND the use of electrical non-metallic tubing for ENCASED APPUCATIONS has been introduced t

Check with your local inspector on 1987National Electrical Code acceptance Article 331

Carlon lAMSON amp SESSIONS COPy

25701 Science Park Drive Cleveland Ohio 44122 216831-4000

o BIOG RAPHI ES 0 Mr Bill Barton your host for this gathering serves as Chairshy

man of the Executive Board of DFPA Mr Barton brings over 28 years of fire service experience with him in both paid and volunteer positions from fIrefIghter to administrative aide to the Ft Myer Fire Department plus service as a member of the Fairfax County Fire amp Rescue Service Barton has also served for 12 years as President of the Mt Vernon Fire Dept In addition he serves on the Board of Directors of the Fairfax County Retired Fire Fighters Assn As a Director of the Mt Vernon Methodist Church he voluntarily serves as a clinical coordinator of their United Community Ministeries working with those who are in need of medical attention Mr Barton has been employed by American Fire Equipment for 12 years and is their federal director of marketing

Congressman Curt Weldon PA Elected in 1986 to represent the 7th Congressional District of

Pa which includes part of Southwest Philadelphia and most of Delaware County Serves on the following Subcommittees Armed Services Committee Military Installations and Facilities Seapower Strategic and Critical Materials and Military Personnel and Compensation Also serves on the Defense Policy Panel and the Burden Sharing Panel Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee Serves on the following Subcommittees Coast Guard and Navigation Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment and Panama CanalOuter Continental Shelf Introduced the Krasnoyarsk Amendment which passed the House by a vote of 418-0 It declared the Soviet Unions construction of the Krasnoyarsk radar station in Siberia to be in violation ofthe 1972 ABM Treaty Recognized by the American Security Council as being the Most Effective Freshman Lawmaker Mr Weldon was born in Marcus Hook on July 22 1947 the last of nine children He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Humanities from West Chester State College in 1969 and went on to do his graduate work at both Cabrini College and Thmple University His longstanding interest in foreign affairs brought him to his study of the Russian language

Congo Weldon is married to the fomer Mary Gallagher and lives together with their five children in Aston

The Honorable Joseph Taussig is the Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of the Navy for Safety and Survivability Mr Taussig

works tirelessly to improve the safety and survivability of our armed forces on Dec 7 1941 Mr Taussig was an Officer on Deck of the Nevada at Pearl Harbor He comes from a four generation Navy family In addition he holds a law degree has written numerous articles and has founded and managed busishynesses working extensively with industry as an industrygovernshyment liaison after retiring from active duty with the Navy

Mr Dale L Trout is the Director of Federal Marketing for Zero Corporation Zero Corporation located in Los Angeles California manufactures enclosures cabinets and cases Preshyviously Mr Trout served as the District Manager for Anvil Cases a unit of Zero Corporation in the Northern Virginia area For the past two years he has been involved with fire retardant issues monitoring Anvils development of a fire retardant case

with the use ofvarious products Currently Mr Trout is working with Zero Corporation in developing other products to bring additional fire retardant products to the military

Mr David Geer is a graduate of the US Naval Academy and the Naval Postgraduate School with degrees in marine engineershying and operations research He is the Technical Director for Damage Control Systems Martin Marietta Aero and Naval Systems in Baltimore Maryland Mr Geer is responsible for the design and development of survivable shipwide integrated damage control systems He was on active duty with the US Navy for 20 years His ship assignments aboard destroyers and cruisers included damage control officer engineer officer and combat systems offIcer

Mr C Dean Perry is the Government Sales and Marketing Manager for the Hale Fire Pump Company Mr Perrys backshyground is problem engineering specifically in the area of fire pumps and pumping systems design

Mr Emory D Champney Jr retired from the Du Pont Comshypany in 1982 from the position of technical manager for the Fluoropolymers Division of the Polymers Products Department Mr Champney graduated from the University of Rochester in 1942 with a Bachelor of Science degree He worked for Shell Oil Company and then served two years in the United States Navy On his separation from the Navy he returned to the University of Rochester receiving a Master of Science degree in Chemical Engineering in 1947 That same year he joined Du Pont Company During the past six years since founding Champney amp Associates Mr Champney has consulted in the field of engineering A large part of his work is concerned with performance characteristics of polymers in fIre

Mr George F Hidy Jr is the Director of Government Affairs for Fiber Materials tnc His areas of responsibility focus primarily on developing new technologies with government and industry Mr Hidy holds a BS from Pennsylvania State Univershysity and a Masters Degree from the University ofMissouri Prior to joining Fiber Materials Mr Hidy served as a nuclear missile offIcer in the United States Air Force and was employed by EGampG as a Systems Analyst for Naval Anti-Submarine Warfare

Dr J Wesley Clayton is a Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Pharmacy and a Professor of Microbiolshyogy and Medical Immunology at the University of Arizona in Tucson Arizona Dr Clayton has also served as the Director of Environmental Health Services for the Arizona State Departshyment of Health in Phoenix Arizona from 1981-1982 In addishytion Dr Clayton has served as Acting Director of the Health Effects Division and Chief Toxicology Branch US Environshymental Protection Agency from 1973-1974 During 1971-1973 he was the Director for the Center for Environmental Toxicology at the University ofWisconsin Dr Clayton has also held various positions in industry with such companies as Hazelton Laboratories and EI DuPont De Nemours amp Company Dr Clayton is recognized as a leading expert in the field of toxicolshyogy and has numerous publications to his credit He also served with the US Navys Seventh Amphibious Force in the Southshywest PacifIc theater during World War II

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 36

o 0 000 Mr Richard Healing is the Executive Assistant and Staff

Director for the Deputy Assistant Under Secretary of the Navy for Safety and Survivability He is responsible for documentshying the establishment of the Safety and Survivability Office providing legal support for policy making functions developing wide-ranging base for technology transfer between the Departshyment of Navy and Agencies including US Coast Guard FAA Maritime Administration and others and establishing basis for consolidation of Navy and Marine Corps research and developshyment efforts for safety and survivability Mr Healing has over three years of concentrated experience in the area of safety and survivability having been with the Office of the Deputy Assisshytant Under Secretary of the Navy for Safety and Survivability since its inception In addition he has served with the Assistant Secretary of Navy for Reserve Affairs Presently Mr Healing is a Coast Guard Reserve Officer He holds aBS in Mechanical Engineering from the Worcester Polytechnic Institute an MBA in Marketing and Finance from University of Bridgeport and has been a Registered Professional Engineer with the State of Connecticut for over 14 years Mr Healing is also a member of eight professional associations

Mr Carl H Pohler is currently the NAVSEA Manager for Damage Control and Chemical Biological Radiological Defense Mr PoWer has presented many papers in his field of interest both nationally and internationally including fire protecshytion composite materials and ship structure fields He attended several universities receiving degrees of MSA from George Washington University MS in Engineering from University of California Berkeley BS Engineering from University of Housshyton and is a graduate of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces National Defense University Washington DC He has received many professional and government commendations and awards including the Navy Superior Civilian Service Award for his contribution in the area of ship survivability

Major Steve Shaw USA is currently the Chief of Close Combat Heavy Tracked Vehicles under the Deputy Chief of Staff for Combat Developments at Army Headquarters Training and Doctrine Command at Fort Monroe Virginia Major Shaw is responsible for specifying user requirements for materiels systems particularly for heavy tracked vehicles Major Shaw has over 12 years of experience in the area of Heavy Tracked Vehicles He has served in the Army as an Armor Officer Platoon Leader Executive Officer and Company Commander of tank units in Europe In addition Major Shaw served as the Battalion Executive Officer of the Live Attack Battalion of the Ninth Division testing new concepts for the Army

Mr John A Birmingham is the Manager of Technical Sershyvices for Nelson Electric Firestop Products Division His responsibilities include product development third-party testing and qualifications performance evaluation specifications and application engineering for Nelsons fire-protective product line Since he joined Nelson in 1983 Mr Birminghman has helped Nelson add a number of new products to their traditional line Previously he served in various engineering marketing and product management capacities in industrial control and instrumentation products ranging from motor control to

nucleonic devices for thickness and weight measurement Mr Birmingham holds a BSEE from Northwestern University and an MBA from the University of Chicago He is member of several professional societies including ASTM NEMA NFPA and CSI

Mr Norbert Karl is the Life Cycle Manager for the Navy Fire Retardant Packaging Program Presently Mr Karl is with Naval Supply Systems Command and has responsibility for packaging for the entire Navy He has over 25 years experience in military packaging Mr Karl developed the current Navy Fire Retardant Packaging Instruction Specifications He is also the Navy memshyber of the DoD Joint Packaging Coordinating Group and the Navy representative for the Advisory Group to the School of Military Packaging Technology in Aberdeen MD

Major David Neundorfer is the Marine Corps Liaison to the Office of the Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of the Navy for Safety and Survivability Major Neundorfer is a graduate of the Naval Academy He has served as an infantry officer for five years in various billets and worked as an instructor and inspector for a reserve unit for three years Major Neundorfer subshysequently returned to the Fleet Marine Force in one staff and two command billets In addition Major Neundorfer has served with Marine units aboard Navy ships on three different occasions for six month periods

Dr Robert Levine is a Senior Engineer in the Center for Fire Research at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) Dr Levine has over 25 years of experience as a Combustion Specialist in Liquid Propellent Rockets and unwanted fires He has been with NBSs Center for Fire Research since 1972 Dr Levine has chaired the Ad Hoc Committee Mathematical Fire Modeling Working Group for the past ten years He is the past President of the Combustion Institute and a member of NFPA and SSFE Dr Levine holds a PhD in Chemical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Mr Ron Holmberg is the Manager for Protective Clothing and metal building insulating facings for Alp~a Associates Inc Mr Holmberg is a graduate of Brown University He worked for JP Stevens and Travis Mills before joining Alpha Associates Mr Holmbergs particular area of expertise is textile work He is also a member of NFPA

Mr Lou DeCourval with International Environment Techshynologies Ltd Mr DeCourval has developed and updated US Navy Combat Surface Damage Control Operations Stations Books for DDG-51 and BB-61 He has conducted requirements analyses and identified appropriate training equipment SOPs C3 for USN Damage Control operations Mr DeCourval has also developed and taught a four year coursecurriculum on Emergency Management at the University of Wisconsin

Mr James OBryon is the Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Live Fire Test) This Senior Executive Service position is in the Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Test and Evaluation) From 1966 to 1974 Mr 0 Bryon acquired hands on experience in live fire testing through his work at the Exterior Ballistic Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground creating ballistic trajectory and aiming data programs for US tactical weapon systems After earning a Masters Degree from MIT in 1975 he served as Assistant to the Director Ballistic

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 37

o 0 000 Research Laboratory (BRL) at Aberdeen He was subsequently responsible for studies and analyses at BRL to determine the extent of problems with weapons systems as well as working on advanced concepts to defeat armored targets From 1979 to 1985 he served on the Joint Technical Coordinating Group for Munishytions Effectiveness involved with testing and exploiting surfaceshyto-surface and air munitions Since May 1985 he has served as Chief Combat Survivability and Technology Branch US Army Material Systems Analysis Activity APG Aberdeen Proving Ground responsible for the supervision of professional personshynel performing analyses and technical evaluations regarding survivability of Army weapons He is the author of over 50 technical publications and owns six copyrights In addition to his graduate degree through the Electrical Engineering Departshyment at MIT he holds a BS degree in mathematics from King College in New York and an MS degree in Operations Research from George WaShington University

Mr Rex Gordon is presently Sr Staff Engineer Product Safety within the Human-Systems Department of Ordnance Division Engineering ofFMC He provides technical leadership in product-safety-related areas such as combat vehicle fire safety evaluations and systems safety program effectiveness development Mr Gordon has over 25 years ofexperience in the development and advancement of the Systems Safety Engineershying discipline working with FMC Ford Aerospace and the Missile and Space Division of General Electric Mr Gordon served in the United States Air Force as a Bioenvironmental Engineer He holds a BA degree in Public Health Science from San Jose State University and an MPH in Environmental Health from the U ni versity of California Berkeley He also has pursued Doctoral Studies in Biotechnology at UCLA Mr Gordon is a Registered Professional Engineer (PE) by the State ofCalifornia He is a Certified Safety Professional (CSP) He has served as the International President of the Systems Safety Society and Technical Editor of the Journal Hazardous Prevention He has authored over a dozen published technical papers as well as chapters in two widely used textbooks on safety He has lectured on systems safety techniques at USC and the George Washington University

Ms Julia Baer is a North Carolina native and is a graduate of Applachian State University (NC) with a BS in Math amp Science Ms Baer taught math in ChariotteMecklenburg (NC) school system before joining Hoechst Celanese She has held various technical and marketing positions Since 1983 Ms Baer has been the Manager of Military IGovernment Markets for Hoechst Celanese PBI Products Division

Mr HN Lilani is the Director of Research and Product Development at the Amatex Corporation He has been employed at Amatex for 10 years in the Research and Developshyment Department He has been involved in various Thermal Resistant Materials Research Programs He holds a B S Degree in Textile Engineering a Diploma in Industrial Management and and MBA from Temple University Mr Lilani has written and presented various articles in the area of Advanced Hybrid Speciality Textiles He is listed in The Who is Who in Technolshyogy under High Technology Textiles

Mr AI Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam has been involved in the marketing of polychloroprene flame-resistant cushioning materials for the past 15 years He is extremely knowledgeable in all physical properties and flammability requirements of the material He has been instrumental in having low smoke neoprene foam specified in bid requirements of state county and local using authorities Prior to this he serviced the international market for Mine Safety Appliances Company

Mr Harold E Nelson is a Senior Research Engineer at the Center for Fire Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Mr Nelson has a BS Degree in Fire Protection and Safety Engineering from Illinois Institute ofTechnology and is a registered professional engineer He has worked in fire protection engineering for almost 40 years Mr Nelson has specialized in risk an hazard analysis He has worked with probabilities numerical grading and deterministic methods Most recently he has concentrated on the development of comshyputations and models capable of providing reasonabl y accurate first order hazard appraisal He has tested this work by using the computational methods to reconstruct the course of accidenshytal fires

Mr Vince Lisa is the Division Head for Fire Protection with the Naval Safety Center in Norfolk Virginia Mr Lisa holds an Associate Degree in Fire Science and has been with the Federal Fire Service since 1975 He spent three years in Guantanamo Bay Cuba as the Assistant Fire Chief and four years with Navy Occupational Safety and Health

Commander Martin Marks is a Marine Engineering Liaison Officer with the British Navy Staff Commander Marks served in the Royal Navy for 26 years as a Marine Engineering Officer His appointments include Main Propulsion Assistant of an aircraft carrier Chief Engineer of a Guided Missile Destroyer two appointments in equipment design and procurement plus Executive Officer of a New Entry Training Centre

Mr David M Joynt graduated from the Pennsylvania State University with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering in 1982 After completing his studies he joined the product development department of a small industrial firm where he worked for five years designing control systems for various pieces of process equipment For the past two years Mr Joynt has served as the Product Manager for Symtron Systems Live Fire Trainer product line Mr Joynt has been an active supporter of the DFPA since its inception and is a member of the Advisory Board In December 1988 he was appointed as Chairman of the Education and Training Committee

Mr Douglas C McMillan is the Vice President ofTask Force Tips Inc a manufacturer of automatic nozzles and accessories Mr McMillan has been with this company for 17 years He has also been a volunteer firefighter for 10 years Mr McMillan is a graduate of Valparaiso University with a BS in Business Administration and has worked extensively in foam products and foam producing equipment

Captain Ron Fisher USN (Ret ) is the founder and Executive Director of the Defense Fire Protection Association He is a graduate of the Naval Academy and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces and has a Masters in Business Administration He is an Engineer Nuclear Submariner and Surface Warfare Officer

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 38

o 0 000 with over thirty years experience planning and executing projects and programs including fire protection programs for ships aircraft and munitions and all aspects of acquisition logistics support training and modernization programs His jobs have included duty in a Destroyer and four Nuclear Submarines (14 patrols) serving on the staff of the Chief of Naval Operashytions Director of the Resource Planning Division Logistics Manager for nuclear attack submarines (SSNs) in the Naval Sea Systems Command Type Desk Officer Engineering Officer and Ships Management Officer in a Naval Shipyard While on active duty he had SUbspecialities in Weapons System Acquisition Management Ship Engineering Education and Training Management and Program Management

Mr John Anderson is the Director ofServices for the Defense Fire Protection Association Mr Anderson is a Fire Protection specialist with a Bachelors Degree in Fire Science He is a former Army and Air Force Fire Chief with over forty years of experience in Army and Air Force fire protection programs As the command Fire Chief he was responsible for the total US Army Fire Protection program in Vietnam including 118 Fire Departments

Ms Kerry Mueller is an Associate Director and Senior Proshygram Analyst for DFPA Ms Mueller holds an MBA from the Wharton School in Public Management and Marketing and has served in the Plamfing Department of the University ofPennsylshyvania Ms Mueller has also spent three years as Director of Transportation Research in the Planning Department of the United States Railroad Association

Mr Marco Vallejo is the Financial Director and Business Manager for DFPA He has over two years experience developshying plans and programs for Passive Fire Protection for aircraft and ships

Ms Janis Stewart is an Associate Director and Senior Proshygram Analyst for DFPA Ms Stewart holds an MA Degree in Security Policy Studies from the George Washington University School of Public and International Affairs She has served as an energy and environmental consultant and research associate for nearly three years working closely with EPA and other federal agencies congressional committees as well as major oil and chemical companies Since joining DFPA Ms Stewart has been instrumental in developing and implementing DFPA Directory and the Desk and Planning Guides

Ms Lenyr Vallejo is an Administrative Assistant for DFPA Ms Vallejo has six years experience at various administrative levels

Debra Long is a Marketing Assistant for DFPA Ms Long holds a BS Degree in Marketing from Radford University and has four years of experience in marketing

Mr Albert G Kirchner Jr is the Administrator for the Marine Corps Fire Protection Service Mr Kirchner is responshysible for developing and implementing all policies related to fire

protection for the Marine Corps managing and directing operashytions of 15 base fire departments worldwide reviewing and approving all military construction and renovations for required fire protection features and code compliance procuring fire apparatus conducting special research and major fire investigashytions He has over 18 years experience in fire service and has held positions as Chairman of the Federal Fire Services Task Group with the United States Fire Administration Deputy Direcshytor of the National Fire Safety and Research Office US Fire Administration Associate Superintendent for Assistance Programs National Fire Academy with the National Fire Prevenshytion and Control Administration

Dr Nicholas A Diakides is the Director of Survivability Enhancement Division with the United States Armys Surshyvivabilty Management Office in Adelphi Maryland Dr Diakides is responsible for developing and prioritizing technolshyogy requirements for Army Material Command funding reviews He serves as a focal point for ensuring these requirements are realistic balanced and time-phased to meet system development schedules and coordinates and manages the technical red teamshying of advanced concepts systems in order to define critical susceptibilities He interfaces with AMC laboratories to develop hardening guidelines and interacts and participates in Internashytional Exchange Programs NATO DOD SDI and joint service advisory panels on survivability and EOIR countermeasures hardening Dr Diakides has over twenty-five years experience in Engineering and Fire Protection related research He holds a BS degree in Chemical Engineering from The University of Pittsburgh and an MS and PhD in Electrical Engineering from George Washington University

John J McNichol served on the BushQuayle 88 National Campaign National Director Firefighters for Bush and Law

Enforcement for Bush Coalitions 1988 Designed and impleshymented a national plan for building support among fire service and law enforcement communities Directed the following coalition programs policy formation direct mail surrogate apshypearances and personal and organizational endorsements Coordinated major media events including Bush endorsements from the National Fraternal Order ofPolice and the Boston and New York City Police Associations Personally advised both Vice President George Bush and Senator Dan Quayle on these matters Now serves as Legislative Assistant 1987-Present Adshyvises Congressmen on the following major issues labor educashytion judiciary health senior citizens and veterans affairs Responsible for writing press releases newsletters and targeted mailings on these issues Represents members with agency officials government contractors lobbyists the media and conshystituentsa

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 39

o 0 000 Mr Richard Healing is the Executive Assistant and Staff

Director for the Deputy Assistant Under Secretary of the Navy for Safety and Survivability He is responsible for documentshying the establishment of the Safety and Survivability Office providing legal support for policy making functions developing wide-ranging base for technology transfer between the Departshyment of Navy and Agencies including US Coast Guard FAA Maritime Administration and others and establishing basis for consolidation of Navy and Marine Corps research and developshyment efforts for safety and survivability Mr Healing has over three years of concentrated experience in the area of safety and survivability having been with the Office of the Deputy Assisshytant Under Secretary of the Navy for Safety and Survivability since its inception In addition he has served with the Assistant Secretary of Navy for Reserve Affairs Presently Mr Healing is a Coast Guard Reserve Officer He holds aBS in Mechanical Engineering from the Worcester Polytechnic Institute an MBA in Marketing and Finance from University of Bridgeport and has been a Registered Professional Engineer with the State of Connecticut for over 14 years Mr Healing is also a member of eight professional associations

Mr Carl H Pohler is currently the NAVSEA Manager for Damage Control and Chemical Biological Radiological Defense Mr PoWer has presented many papers in his field of interest both nationally and internationally including fire protecshytion composite materials and ship structure fields He attended several universities receiving degrees of MSA from George Washington University MS in Engineering from University of California Berkeley BS Engineering from University of Housshyton and is a graduate of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces National Defense University Washington DC He has received many professional and government commendations and awards including the Navy Superior Civilian Service Award for his contribution in the area of ship survivability

Major Steve Shaw USA is currently the Chief of Close Combat Heavy Tracked Vehicles under the Deputy Chief of Staff for Combat Developments at Army Headquarters Training and Doctrine Command at Fort Monroe Virginia Major Shaw is responsible for specifying user requirements for materiels systems particularly for heavy tracked vehicles Major Shaw has over 12 years of experience in the area of Heavy Tracked Vehicles He has served in the Army as an Armor Officer Platoon Leader Executive Officer and Company Commander of tank units in Europe In addition Major Shaw served as the Battalion Executive Officer of the Live Attack Battalion of the Ninth Division testing new concepts for the Army

Mr John A Birmingham is the Manager of Technical Sershyvices for Nelson Electric Firestop Products Division His responsibilities include product development third-party testing and qualifications performance evaluation specifications and application engineering for Nelsons fire-protective product line Since he joined Nelson in 1983 Mr Birminghman has helped Nelson add a number of new products to their traditional line Previously he served in various engineering marketing and product management capacities in industrial control and instrumentation products ranging from motor control to

nucleonic devices for thickness and weight measurement Mr Birmingham holds a BSEE from Northwestern University and an MBA from the University of Chicago He is member of several professional societies including ASTM NEMA NFPA and CSI

Mr Norbert Karl is the Life Cycle Manager for the Navy Fire Retardant Packaging Program Presently Mr Karl is with Naval Supply Systems Command and has responsibility for packaging for the entire Navy He has over 25 years experience in military packaging Mr Karl developed the current Navy Fire Retardant Packaging Instruction Specifications He is also the Navy memshyber of the DoD Joint Packaging Coordinating Group and the Navy representative for the Advisory Group to the School of Military Packaging Technology in Aberdeen MD

Major David Neundorfer is the Marine Corps Liaison to the Office of the Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of the Navy for Safety and Survivability Major Neundorfer is a graduate of the Naval Academy He has served as an infantry officer for five years in various billets and worked as an instructor and inspector for a reserve unit for three years Major Neundorfer subshysequently returned to the Fleet Marine Force in one staff and two command billets In addition Major Neundorfer has served with Marine units aboard Navy ships on three different occasions for six month periods

Dr Robert Levine is a Senior Engineer in the Center for Fire Research at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) Dr Levine has over 25 years of experience as a Combustion Specialist in Liquid Propellent Rockets and unwanted fires He has been with NBSs Center for Fire Research since 1972 Dr Levine has chaired the Ad Hoc Committee Mathematical Fire Modeling Working Group for the past ten years He is the past President of the Combustion Institute and a member of NFPA and SSFE Dr Levine holds a PhD in Chemical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Mr Ron Holmberg is the Manager for Protective Clothing and metal building insulating facings for Alp~a Associates Inc Mr Holmberg is a graduate of Brown University He worked for JP Stevens and Travis Mills before joining Alpha Associates Mr Holmbergs particular area of expertise is textile work He is also a member of NFPA

Mr Lou DeCourval with International Environment Techshynologies Ltd Mr DeCourval has developed and updated US Navy Combat Surface Damage Control Operations Stations Books for DDG-51 and BB-61 He has conducted requirements analyses and identified appropriate training equipment SOPs C3 for USN Damage Control operations Mr DeCourval has also developed and taught a four year coursecurriculum on Emergency Management at the University of Wisconsin

Mr James OBryon is the Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Live Fire Test) This Senior Executive Service position is in the Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Test and Evaluation) From 1966 to 1974 Mr 0 Bryon acquired hands on experience in live fire testing through his work at the Exterior Ballistic Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground creating ballistic trajectory and aiming data programs for US tactical weapon systems After earning a Masters Degree from MIT in 1975 he served as Assistant to the Director Ballistic

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 37

o 0 000 Research Laboratory (BRL) at Aberdeen He was subsequently responsible for studies and analyses at BRL to determine the extent of problems with weapons systems as well as working on advanced concepts to defeat armored targets From 1979 to 1985 he served on the Joint Technical Coordinating Group for Munishytions Effectiveness involved with testing and exploiting surfaceshyto-surface and air munitions Since May 1985 he has served as Chief Combat Survivability and Technology Branch US Army Material Systems Analysis Activity APG Aberdeen Proving Ground responsible for the supervision of professional personshynel performing analyses and technical evaluations regarding survivability of Army weapons He is the author of over 50 technical publications and owns six copyrights In addition to his graduate degree through the Electrical Engineering Departshyment at MIT he holds a BS degree in mathematics from King College in New York and an MS degree in Operations Research from George WaShington University

Mr Rex Gordon is presently Sr Staff Engineer Product Safety within the Human-Systems Department of Ordnance Division Engineering ofFMC He provides technical leadership in product-safety-related areas such as combat vehicle fire safety evaluations and systems safety program effectiveness development Mr Gordon has over 25 years ofexperience in the development and advancement of the Systems Safety Engineershying discipline working with FMC Ford Aerospace and the Missile and Space Division of General Electric Mr Gordon served in the United States Air Force as a Bioenvironmental Engineer He holds a BA degree in Public Health Science from San Jose State University and an MPH in Environmental Health from the U ni versity of California Berkeley He also has pursued Doctoral Studies in Biotechnology at UCLA Mr Gordon is a Registered Professional Engineer (PE) by the State ofCalifornia He is a Certified Safety Professional (CSP) He has served as the International President of the Systems Safety Society and Technical Editor of the Journal Hazardous Prevention He has authored over a dozen published technical papers as well as chapters in two widely used textbooks on safety He has lectured on systems safety techniques at USC and the George Washington University

Ms Julia Baer is a North Carolina native and is a graduate of Applachian State University (NC) with a BS in Math amp Science Ms Baer taught math in ChariotteMecklenburg (NC) school system before joining Hoechst Celanese She has held various technical and marketing positions Since 1983 Ms Baer has been the Manager of Military IGovernment Markets for Hoechst Celanese PBI Products Division

Mr HN Lilani is the Director of Research and Product Development at the Amatex Corporation He has been employed at Amatex for 10 years in the Research and Developshyment Department He has been involved in various Thermal Resistant Materials Research Programs He holds a B S Degree in Textile Engineering a Diploma in Industrial Management and and MBA from Temple University Mr Lilani has written and presented various articles in the area of Advanced Hybrid Speciality Textiles He is listed in The Who is Who in Technolshyogy under High Technology Textiles

Mr AI Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam has been involved in the marketing of polychloroprene flame-resistant cushioning materials for the past 15 years He is extremely knowledgeable in all physical properties and flammability requirements of the material He has been instrumental in having low smoke neoprene foam specified in bid requirements of state county and local using authorities Prior to this he serviced the international market for Mine Safety Appliances Company

Mr Harold E Nelson is a Senior Research Engineer at the Center for Fire Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Mr Nelson has a BS Degree in Fire Protection and Safety Engineering from Illinois Institute ofTechnology and is a registered professional engineer He has worked in fire protection engineering for almost 40 years Mr Nelson has specialized in risk an hazard analysis He has worked with probabilities numerical grading and deterministic methods Most recently he has concentrated on the development of comshyputations and models capable of providing reasonabl y accurate first order hazard appraisal He has tested this work by using the computational methods to reconstruct the course of accidenshytal fires

Mr Vince Lisa is the Division Head for Fire Protection with the Naval Safety Center in Norfolk Virginia Mr Lisa holds an Associate Degree in Fire Science and has been with the Federal Fire Service since 1975 He spent three years in Guantanamo Bay Cuba as the Assistant Fire Chief and four years with Navy Occupational Safety and Health

Commander Martin Marks is a Marine Engineering Liaison Officer with the British Navy Staff Commander Marks served in the Royal Navy for 26 years as a Marine Engineering Officer His appointments include Main Propulsion Assistant of an aircraft carrier Chief Engineer of a Guided Missile Destroyer two appointments in equipment design and procurement plus Executive Officer of a New Entry Training Centre

Mr David M Joynt graduated from the Pennsylvania State University with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering in 1982 After completing his studies he joined the product development department of a small industrial firm where he worked for five years designing control systems for various pieces of process equipment For the past two years Mr Joynt has served as the Product Manager for Symtron Systems Live Fire Trainer product line Mr Joynt has been an active supporter of the DFPA since its inception and is a member of the Advisory Board In December 1988 he was appointed as Chairman of the Education and Training Committee

Mr Douglas C McMillan is the Vice President ofTask Force Tips Inc a manufacturer of automatic nozzles and accessories Mr McMillan has been with this company for 17 years He has also been a volunteer firefighter for 10 years Mr McMillan is a graduate of Valparaiso University with a BS in Business Administration and has worked extensively in foam products and foam producing equipment

Captain Ron Fisher USN (Ret ) is the founder and Executive Director of the Defense Fire Protection Association He is a graduate of the Naval Academy and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces and has a Masters in Business Administration He is an Engineer Nuclear Submariner and Surface Warfare Officer

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 38

o 0 000 with over thirty years experience planning and executing projects and programs including fire protection programs for ships aircraft and munitions and all aspects of acquisition logistics support training and modernization programs His jobs have included duty in a Destroyer and four Nuclear Submarines (14 patrols) serving on the staff of the Chief of Naval Operashytions Director of the Resource Planning Division Logistics Manager for nuclear attack submarines (SSNs) in the Naval Sea Systems Command Type Desk Officer Engineering Officer and Ships Management Officer in a Naval Shipyard While on active duty he had SUbspecialities in Weapons System Acquisition Management Ship Engineering Education and Training Management and Program Management

Mr John Anderson is the Director ofServices for the Defense Fire Protection Association Mr Anderson is a Fire Protection specialist with a Bachelors Degree in Fire Science He is a former Army and Air Force Fire Chief with over forty years of experience in Army and Air Force fire protection programs As the command Fire Chief he was responsible for the total US Army Fire Protection program in Vietnam including 118 Fire Departments

Ms Kerry Mueller is an Associate Director and Senior Proshygram Analyst for DFPA Ms Mueller holds an MBA from the Wharton School in Public Management and Marketing and has served in the Plamfing Department of the University ofPennsylshyvania Ms Mueller has also spent three years as Director of Transportation Research in the Planning Department of the United States Railroad Association

Mr Marco Vallejo is the Financial Director and Business Manager for DFPA He has over two years experience developshying plans and programs for Passive Fire Protection for aircraft and ships

Ms Janis Stewart is an Associate Director and Senior Proshygram Analyst for DFPA Ms Stewart holds an MA Degree in Security Policy Studies from the George Washington University School of Public and International Affairs She has served as an energy and environmental consultant and research associate for nearly three years working closely with EPA and other federal agencies congressional committees as well as major oil and chemical companies Since joining DFPA Ms Stewart has been instrumental in developing and implementing DFPA Directory and the Desk and Planning Guides

Ms Lenyr Vallejo is an Administrative Assistant for DFPA Ms Vallejo has six years experience at various administrative levels

Debra Long is a Marketing Assistant for DFPA Ms Long holds a BS Degree in Marketing from Radford University and has four years of experience in marketing

Mr Albert G Kirchner Jr is the Administrator for the Marine Corps Fire Protection Service Mr Kirchner is responshysible for developing and implementing all policies related to fire

protection for the Marine Corps managing and directing operashytions of 15 base fire departments worldwide reviewing and approving all military construction and renovations for required fire protection features and code compliance procuring fire apparatus conducting special research and major fire investigashytions He has over 18 years experience in fire service and has held positions as Chairman of the Federal Fire Services Task Group with the United States Fire Administration Deputy Direcshytor of the National Fire Safety and Research Office US Fire Administration Associate Superintendent for Assistance Programs National Fire Academy with the National Fire Prevenshytion and Control Administration

Dr Nicholas A Diakides is the Director of Survivability Enhancement Division with the United States Armys Surshyvivabilty Management Office in Adelphi Maryland Dr Diakides is responsible for developing and prioritizing technolshyogy requirements for Army Material Command funding reviews He serves as a focal point for ensuring these requirements are realistic balanced and time-phased to meet system development schedules and coordinates and manages the technical red teamshying of advanced concepts systems in order to define critical susceptibilities He interfaces with AMC laboratories to develop hardening guidelines and interacts and participates in Internashytional Exchange Programs NATO DOD SDI and joint service advisory panels on survivability and EOIR countermeasures hardening Dr Diakides has over twenty-five years experience in Engineering and Fire Protection related research He holds a BS degree in Chemical Engineering from The University of Pittsburgh and an MS and PhD in Electrical Engineering from George Washington University

John J McNichol served on the BushQuayle 88 National Campaign National Director Firefighters for Bush and Law

Enforcement for Bush Coalitions 1988 Designed and impleshymented a national plan for building support among fire service and law enforcement communities Directed the following coalition programs policy formation direct mail surrogate apshypearances and personal and organizational endorsements Coordinated major media events including Bush endorsements from the National Fraternal Order ofPolice and the Boston and New York City Police Associations Personally advised both Vice President George Bush and Senator Dan Quayle on these matters Now serves as Legislative Assistant 1987-Present Adshyvises Congressmen on the following major issues labor educashytion judiciary health senior citizens and veterans affairs Responsible for writing press releases newsletters and targeted mailings on these issues Represents members with agency officials government contractors lobbyists the media and conshystituentsa

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 39

o 0 000 Research Laboratory (BRL) at Aberdeen He was subsequently responsible for studies and analyses at BRL to determine the extent of problems with weapons systems as well as working on advanced concepts to defeat armored targets From 1979 to 1985 he served on the Joint Technical Coordinating Group for Munishytions Effectiveness involved with testing and exploiting surfaceshyto-surface and air munitions Since May 1985 he has served as Chief Combat Survivability and Technology Branch US Army Material Systems Analysis Activity APG Aberdeen Proving Ground responsible for the supervision of professional personshynel performing analyses and technical evaluations regarding survivability of Army weapons He is the author of over 50 technical publications and owns six copyrights In addition to his graduate degree through the Electrical Engineering Departshyment at MIT he holds a BS degree in mathematics from King College in New York and an MS degree in Operations Research from George WaShington University

Mr Rex Gordon is presently Sr Staff Engineer Product Safety within the Human-Systems Department of Ordnance Division Engineering ofFMC He provides technical leadership in product-safety-related areas such as combat vehicle fire safety evaluations and systems safety program effectiveness development Mr Gordon has over 25 years ofexperience in the development and advancement of the Systems Safety Engineershying discipline working with FMC Ford Aerospace and the Missile and Space Division of General Electric Mr Gordon served in the United States Air Force as a Bioenvironmental Engineer He holds a BA degree in Public Health Science from San Jose State University and an MPH in Environmental Health from the U ni versity of California Berkeley He also has pursued Doctoral Studies in Biotechnology at UCLA Mr Gordon is a Registered Professional Engineer (PE) by the State ofCalifornia He is a Certified Safety Professional (CSP) He has served as the International President of the Systems Safety Society and Technical Editor of the Journal Hazardous Prevention He has authored over a dozen published technical papers as well as chapters in two widely used textbooks on safety He has lectured on systems safety techniques at USC and the George Washington University

Ms Julia Baer is a North Carolina native and is a graduate of Applachian State University (NC) with a BS in Math amp Science Ms Baer taught math in ChariotteMecklenburg (NC) school system before joining Hoechst Celanese She has held various technical and marketing positions Since 1983 Ms Baer has been the Manager of Military IGovernment Markets for Hoechst Celanese PBI Products Division

Mr HN Lilani is the Director of Research and Product Development at the Amatex Corporation He has been employed at Amatex for 10 years in the Research and Developshyment Department He has been involved in various Thermal Resistant Materials Research Programs He holds a B S Degree in Textile Engineering a Diploma in Industrial Management and and MBA from Temple University Mr Lilani has written and presented various articles in the area of Advanced Hybrid Speciality Textiles He is listed in The Who is Who in Technolshyogy under High Technology Textiles

Mr AI Fredericks Chestnut Ridge Foam has been involved in the marketing of polychloroprene flame-resistant cushioning materials for the past 15 years He is extremely knowledgeable in all physical properties and flammability requirements of the material He has been instrumental in having low smoke neoprene foam specified in bid requirements of state county and local using authorities Prior to this he serviced the international market for Mine Safety Appliances Company

Mr Harold E Nelson is a Senior Research Engineer at the Center for Fire Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Mr Nelson has a BS Degree in Fire Protection and Safety Engineering from Illinois Institute ofTechnology and is a registered professional engineer He has worked in fire protection engineering for almost 40 years Mr Nelson has specialized in risk an hazard analysis He has worked with probabilities numerical grading and deterministic methods Most recently he has concentrated on the development of comshyputations and models capable of providing reasonabl y accurate first order hazard appraisal He has tested this work by using the computational methods to reconstruct the course of accidenshytal fires

Mr Vince Lisa is the Division Head for Fire Protection with the Naval Safety Center in Norfolk Virginia Mr Lisa holds an Associate Degree in Fire Science and has been with the Federal Fire Service since 1975 He spent three years in Guantanamo Bay Cuba as the Assistant Fire Chief and four years with Navy Occupational Safety and Health

Commander Martin Marks is a Marine Engineering Liaison Officer with the British Navy Staff Commander Marks served in the Royal Navy for 26 years as a Marine Engineering Officer His appointments include Main Propulsion Assistant of an aircraft carrier Chief Engineer of a Guided Missile Destroyer two appointments in equipment design and procurement plus Executive Officer of a New Entry Training Centre

Mr David M Joynt graduated from the Pennsylvania State University with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering in 1982 After completing his studies he joined the product development department of a small industrial firm where he worked for five years designing control systems for various pieces of process equipment For the past two years Mr Joynt has served as the Product Manager for Symtron Systems Live Fire Trainer product line Mr Joynt has been an active supporter of the DFPA since its inception and is a member of the Advisory Board In December 1988 he was appointed as Chairman of the Education and Training Committee

Mr Douglas C McMillan is the Vice President ofTask Force Tips Inc a manufacturer of automatic nozzles and accessories Mr McMillan has been with this company for 17 years He has also been a volunteer firefighter for 10 years Mr McMillan is a graduate of Valparaiso University with a BS in Business Administration and has worked extensively in foam products and foam producing equipment

Captain Ron Fisher USN (Ret ) is the founder and Executive Director of the Defense Fire Protection Association He is a graduate of the Naval Academy and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces and has a Masters in Business Administration He is an Engineer Nuclear Submariner and Surface Warfare Officer

Defense Fire Protection Association Directory 38

o 0 000 with over thirty years experience planning and executing projects and programs including fire protection programs for ships aircraft and munitions and all aspects of acquisition logistics support training and modernization programs His jobs have included duty in a Destroyer and four Nuclear Submarines (14 patrols) serving on the staff of the Chief of Naval Operashytions Director of the Resource Planning Division Logistics Manager for nuclear attack submarines (SSNs) in the Naval Sea Systems Command Type Desk Officer Engineering Officer and Ships Management Officer in a Naval Shipyard While on active duty he had SUbspecialities in Weapons System Acquisition Management Ship Engineering Education and Training Management and Program Management

Mr John Anderson is the Director ofServices for the Defense Fire Protection Association Mr Anderson is a Fire Protection specialist with a Bachelors Degree in Fire Science He is a former Army and Air Force Fire Chief with over forty years of experience in Army and Air Force fire protection programs As the command Fire Chief he was responsible for the total US Army Fire Protection program in Vietnam including 118 Fire Departments

Ms Kerry Mueller is an Associate Director and Senior Proshygram Analyst for DFPA Ms Mueller holds an MBA from the Wharton School in Public Management and Marketing and has served in the Plamfing Department of the University ofPennsylshyvania Ms Mueller has also spent three years as Director of Transportation Research in the Planning Department of the United States Railroad Association

Mr Marco Vallejo is the Financial Director and Business Manager for DFPA He has over two years experience developshying plans and programs for Passive Fire Protection for aircraft and ships

Ms Janis Stewart is an Associate Director and Senior Proshygram Analyst for DFPA Ms Stewart holds an MA Degree in Security Policy Studies from the George Washington University School of Public and International Affairs She has served as an energy and environmental consultant and research associate for nearly three years working closely with EPA and other federal agencies congressional committees as well as major oil and chemical companies Since joining DFPA Ms Stewart has been instrumental in developing and implementing DFPA Directory and the Desk and Planning Guides

Ms Lenyr Vallejo is an Administrative Assistant for DFPA Ms Vallejo has six years experience at various administrative levels

Debra Long is a Marketing Assistant for DFPA Ms Long holds a BS Degree in Marketing from Radford University and has four years of experience in marketing

Mr Albert G Kirchner Jr is the Administrator for the Marine Corps Fire Protection Service Mr Kirchner is responshysible for developing and implementing all policies related to fire

protection for the Marine Corps managing and directing operashytions of 15 base fire departments worldwide reviewing and approving all military construction and renovations for required fire protection features and code compliance procuring fire apparatus conducting special research and major fire investigashytions He has over 18 years experience in fire service and has held positions as Chairman of the Federal Fire Services Task Group with the United States Fire Administration Deputy Direcshytor of the National Fire Safety and Research Office US Fire Administration Associate Superintendent for Assistance Programs National Fire Academy with the National Fire Prevenshytion and Control Administration

Dr Nicholas A Diakides is the Director of Survivability Enhancement Division with the United States Armys Surshyvivabilty Management Office in Adelphi Maryland Dr Diakides is responsible for developing and prioritizing technolshyogy requirements for Army Material Command funding reviews He serves as a focal point for ensuring these requirements are realistic balanced and time-phased to meet system development schedules and coordinates and manages the technical red teamshying of advanced concepts systems in order to define critical susceptibilities He interfaces with AMC laboratories to develop hardening guidelines and interacts and participates in Internashytional Exchange Programs NATO DOD SDI and joint service advisory panels on survivability and EOIR countermeasures hardening Dr Diakides has over twenty-five years experience in Engineering and Fire Protection related research He holds a BS degree in Chemical Engineering from The University of Pittsburgh and an MS and PhD in Electrical Engineering from George Washington University

John J McNichol served on the BushQuayle 88 National Campaign National Director Firefighters for Bush and Law

Enforcement for Bush Coalitions 1988 Designed and impleshymented a national plan for building support among fire service and law enforcement communities Directed the following coalition programs policy formation direct mail surrogate apshypearances and personal and organizational endorsements Coordinated major media events including Bush endorsements from the National Fraternal Order ofPolice and the Boston and New York City Police Associations Personally advised both Vice President George Bush and Senator Dan Quayle on these matters Now serves as Legislative Assistant 1987-Present Adshyvises Congressmen on the following major issues labor educashytion judiciary health senior citizens and veterans affairs Responsible for writing press releases newsletters and targeted mailings on these issues Represents members with agency officials government contractors lobbyists the media and conshystituentsa

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 39

o 0 000 with over thirty years experience planning and executing projects and programs including fire protection programs for ships aircraft and munitions and all aspects of acquisition logistics support training and modernization programs His jobs have included duty in a Destroyer and four Nuclear Submarines (14 patrols) serving on the staff of the Chief of Naval Operashytions Director of the Resource Planning Division Logistics Manager for nuclear attack submarines (SSNs) in the Naval Sea Systems Command Type Desk Officer Engineering Officer and Ships Management Officer in a Naval Shipyard While on active duty he had SUbspecialities in Weapons System Acquisition Management Ship Engineering Education and Training Management and Program Management

Mr John Anderson is the Director ofServices for the Defense Fire Protection Association Mr Anderson is a Fire Protection specialist with a Bachelors Degree in Fire Science He is a former Army and Air Force Fire Chief with over forty years of experience in Army and Air Force fire protection programs As the command Fire Chief he was responsible for the total US Army Fire Protection program in Vietnam including 118 Fire Departments

Ms Kerry Mueller is an Associate Director and Senior Proshygram Analyst for DFPA Ms Mueller holds an MBA from the Wharton School in Public Management and Marketing and has served in the Plamfing Department of the University ofPennsylshyvania Ms Mueller has also spent three years as Director of Transportation Research in the Planning Department of the United States Railroad Association

Mr Marco Vallejo is the Financial Director and Business Manager for DFPA He has over two years experience developshying plans and programs for Passive Fire Protection for aircraft and ships

Ms Janis Stewart is an Associate Director and Senior Proshygram Analyst for DFPA Ms Stewart holds an MA Degree in Security Policy Studies from the George Washington University School of Public and International Affairs She has served as an energy and environmental consultant and research associate for nearly three years working closely with EPA and other federal agencies congressional committees as well as major oil and chemical companies Since joining DFPA Ms Stewart has been instrumental in developing and implementing DFPA Directory and the Desk and Planning Guides

Ms Lenyr Vallejo is an Administrative Assistant for DFPA Ms Vallejo has six years experience at various administrative levels

Debra Long is a Marketing Assistant for DFPA Ms Long holds a BS Degree in Marketing from Radford University and has four years of experience in marketing

Mr Albert G Kirchner Jr is the Administrator for the Marine Corps Fire Protection Service Mr Kirchner is responshysible for developing and implementing all policies related to fire

protection for the Marine Corps managing and directing operashytions of 15 base fire departments worldwide reviewing and approving all military construction and renovations for required fire protection features and code compliance procuring fire apparatus conducting special research and major fire investigashytions He has over 18 years experience in fire service and has held positions as Chairman of the Federal Fire Services Task Group with the United States Fire Administration Deputy Direcshytor of the National Fire Safety and Research Office US Fire Administration Associate Superintendent for Assistance Programs National Fire Academy with the National Fire Prevenshytion and Control Administration

Dr Nicholas A Diakides is the Director of Survivability Enhancement Division with the United States Armys Surshyvivabilty Management Office in Adelphi Maryland Dr Diakides is responsible for developing and prioritizing technolshyogy requirements for Army Material Command funding reviews He serves as a focal point for ensuring these requirements are realistic balanced and time-phased to meet system development schedules and coordinates and manages the technical red teamshying of advanced concepts systems in order to define critical susceptibilities He interfaces with AMC laboratories to develop hardening guidelines and interacts and participates in Internashytional Exchange Programs NATO DOD SDI and joint service advisory panels on survivability and EOIR countermeasures hardening Dr Diakides has over twenty-five years experience in Engineering and Fire Protection related research He holds a BS degree in Chemical Engineering from The University of Pittsburgh and an MS and PhD in Electrical Engineering from George Washington University

John J McNichol served on the BushQuayle 88 National Campaign National Director Firefighters for Bush and Law

Enforcement for Bush Coalitions 1988 Designed and impleshymented a national plan for building support among fire service and law enforcement communities Directed the following coalition programs policy formation direct mail surrogate apshypearances and personal and organizational endorsements Coordinated major media events including Bush endorsements from the National Fraternal Order ofPolice and the Boston and New York City Police Associations Personally advised both Vice President George Bush and Senator Dan Quayle on these matters Now serves as Legislative Assistant 1987-Present Adshyvises Congressmen on the following major issues labor educashytion judiciary health senior citizens and veterans affairs Responsible for writing press releases newsletters and targeted mailings on these issues Represents members with agency officials government contractors lobbyists the media and conshystituentsa

Directory Defense Fire Protection Association 39