PROGRAM COMPONENTS IONIZING RADIATION · 2018. 3. 19. · Philip Campbell, CHP UW Radiation Safety Officer March 20, 2018 ... Phil Campbell Created Date: 3/19/2018 3:18:40 PM

PROGRAM COMPONENTS IONIZING RADIATION

Philip Campbell, CHP

UW Radiation Safety Officer

March 20, 2018

• Isotopes and machines used and what is being done with them

• Type of facility – Medical

– Research Lab

– Industrial

• Isotope production and will they be used by other facilities

FACTORS TO CONSIDER

2

WAC 246-220 through 254

http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246

ORGANIZATION

• Required for – a Type A specific license of broad scope

– A particle accelerator

– A medical licensee authorized for two or more types of use of RAM

• Responsible to set and implement policies to ensure the safe storage, use and security of radioactive materials

• Required members – Upper Management

– Radiation Safety Officer

– Subject matter experts – persons trained and experienced in the safe use of RAM

RADIATION SAFETY COMMITTEE

3

WAC 246-235-090 WAC 246-229-0020 WAC 246-240-051

http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-235-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-235-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-235-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-235-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-235-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-229-0020http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-229-0020http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-229-0020http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-229-0020http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-229-0020http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-240-051http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-240-051http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-240-051http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-240-051http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-240-051

ORGANIZATION

• Required for most licenses

• Responsible for implementing the program established by the RSC – Delegation from senior management of authority and duties in writing

• Training and experience – Medical RSO vs non-medical (WAC 246-240-069)

RADIATION SAFETY OFFICER

4

WAC 246-235-090 WAC 246-229-0020 WAC 246-240-051

http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-240-069http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-240-069http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-240-069http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-240-069http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-240-069http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-235-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-235-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-235-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-235-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-235-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-229-0020http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-229-0020http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-229-0020http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-229-0020http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-229-0020http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-240-051http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-240-051http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-240-051http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-240-051http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-240-051

ORGANIZATION

• Responsible for following program requirements

• Broad Scope license – Radiation Use Authorizations

• Others – individually listed on organizational license

USERS

5

• Materials that will be used • General Rules for the Safe Use of RAM

– Develop your own or use the ones provided in the application

• Procedures for each isotope – Handling – Shielding – PPE – Disposal

• Others – detailed procedures for each – Human Use – Institutional Review Board (IRB) must be in

place – Animal Use

RAM USES

6

• Instrument Calibration

• Contamination Surveys

• Waste Disposal

• Emergency Procedures – Major and minor spill

– Loss, Theft, Fire, Explosion, or Vehicle Accident

• Ordering, Receiving, and Opening RAM

Develop your own or use the ones provided in the application

PROCEDURES

7

• Must have a documented training program – When required

– Who will be trained

– Formal classroom

– Hands-on Training

– Lab Specific Training

Develop your own or use the one provided in the application

TRAINING

8

PERSONNEL MONITORING

• Required for personnel entering a high or very high radiation area

• Required when expected annual dose will exceed

• Must maintain records of doses received by those individuals

• Must keep the records for 30 years past the termination of the license

EXTERNAL DOSE – DOSIMETRY

9

WAC 246-221-090 WAC 246-221-230

Adult (10 % of limit)

Minor Declared Pregnant Worker (during pregnancy)

Deep 5 mSv (0.5 rem) 1 mSv (0.1 rem) 1 mSv (100 mrem)

Lens 15 mSv (1.5 rem) 1.5 mSv (0.15 rem)

Shallow 50 mSv (5 rem) 5 mSv (0.5 rem)

http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-230http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-230http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-230http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-230http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-230


• Dosimetry Processor must be accredited by: – National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) or

– The United States Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program for Personnel Dosimetry Systems (DOELAP)

EXTERNAL DOSE – DOSIMETRY

10

WAC 246-221-090

http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-090http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-090


• Required when expected to exceed in one year – Adult = 10 % of Annual Limit on Intake (ALI)

– Minor = committed effective dose equivalent in excess of 1 mSv (0.1 rem)

– Declared Pregnant Worker = committed effective dose equivalent in excess of 1 mSv (0.1 rem) during entire pregnancy

• Records of the results of measurements and calculations used to determine individual intakes of radioactive material and used in the assessment of internal dose must be kept for 30 years past the termination of the license.

INTERNAL DOSE – BIOASSAY

11

WAC 246-221-100 WAC 246-221-230



• Iodine Use – Thyroid monitoring program – NRC Regulatory Guide 8.20 Applications of Bioassay for Radioiodine

• Tritium Use – large amounts may call for a urine monitoring program – NRC Regulatory Guide 8.32 Criteria for Establishing a Tritium Bioassay Program

• If respiratory protection is required to limit the intake of RAM a respiratory protection program is required (WAC 246-221-117)

INTERNAL DOSE – BIOASSAY

12

NRC Regulatory Guide 8.9 ACCEPTABLE CONCEPTS, MODELS, EQUATIONS, AND ASSUMPTIONS FOR A BIOASSAY PROGRAM

https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1406/ML14064A060.pdfhttps://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0037/ML003739479.pdfhttp://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-117http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-117http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-117http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-117http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-117https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0037/ML003739554.pdfhttps://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0037/ML003739554.pdfhttps://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0037/ML003739554.pdf


• A woman who is an occupational radiation worker and has voluntarily informed her employer, in writing, of her pregnancy and the estimated date of conception.

• Dose limit to embryo/fetus is 5 mSv (0.5 rem)

• Licensee/registrant must “make every effort to avoid substantial variation above a uniform monthly exposure rate” – Monthly fetal monitor

• Remains in effect until the woman withdraws her declaration in writing or is no longer pregnant.

DECLARED PREGNANT WORKER

13

WAC 246-221-055 WAC 246-220-010



• The licensee shall use, to the extent practical, procedures and engineering controls based upon sound radiation protection principles to achieve occupational doses and doses to members of the public that are as low as is reasonably achievable (ALARA).

• NRC Regulatory Guide 8.10 OPERATING PHILOSOPHY FOR MAINTAINING OCCUPATIONAL AND PUBLIC RADIATION EXPOSURES AS LOW AS IS REASONABLY ACHIEVABLE

ALARA PROGRAM

14

WAC 246-221-005

https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1610/ML16105A136.pdfhttps://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1610/ML16105A136.pdfhttps://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1610/ML16105A136.pdfhttps://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1610/ML16105A136.pdfhttps://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1610/ML16105A136.pdfhttp://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-005http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-005http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-005http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-005http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-005

• Must have the correct instrumentation to detect the RAM being used

• Must be calibrated annually not to exceed 13 months

• Calibrate your own instruments versus using a service provider

INSTRUMENTATION

15

• Establish compliance with the regulations and are reasonable under the circumstances to evaluate the magnitude and extent of radiation levels, concentrations or quantities of radioactive material, and potential radiation hazards.

• Minimum frequency may be specified in license

• Records must be kept for 3 years

SURVEYS

16

WAC 246-221-110


RAM CONTROL

• Procedures for – Order approval

– Receiving and opening packages

• Packages may need to be checked for contamination or radiation level based on the label on the package.

RECEIVING RAM

17

WAC 246-221-160


RAM CONTROL

• Running inventory of all unsealed radioactive material

• Physical inventory every 6 months of sealed, electroplated, and Generally licensed sources

• Requirements for what information must be included on the record, and how long the record must be maintained.

INVENTORY

18

WAC 246-221-160


RAM CONTROL

• Controlled to prevent unauthorized access or removal

• Unregistered area and not in storage – RAM = constant surveillance and immediate control of licensee

– Machine = under control of the registrant

SECURITY

19

WAC 246-221-150


RAM CONTROL

• Personnel with unescorted access must be Trustworthy and Reliable

• Security program designed to monitor and, without delay, detect, assess, and respond to an actual or attempted unauthorized access.

• Documented security plan and other procedures

• Initial and annual refresher training

• Annual audits and testing

• Annual coordination with local law enforcement agencies

• Annual inventory reporting to the National Source Tracking System (NSTS)

SECURITY OF CATEGORY 1 OR 2 RAM

20

WAC 246-237

http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-237http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-237http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-237

RAM CONTROL

• Sources – Half-life > 30 days

– Activity >100 mCi (> 10 mCi is designed to emit alpha particles)

– Not a Gas

– Not H-3

• Frequency – Before placing a source in service

– Every 6 months (3 months if designed to emit alpha particles)

– Suspected damage

• Must be capable of detecting 185 Bq (0.005 uCi)

• Develop your own procedure versus using a service provider

SEALED SOURCE LEAK TESTING

21

WAC 246-221-080


WASTE DISPOSAL

• Specifically authorized by license (unless medical) –

WASTE DISPOSAL

• Must be sent to a licensed facility approved for that method of disposal: – Incineration

– Burial in soil

– Other approved disposal procedures

• Records must be maintained until license is terminated

LONG-LIVED

23

WAC 246-221-170


WASTE DISPOSAL

• Must be readily soluble or it is biological material which is readily dispersible in water

• Limits for individual isotopes

• Total quantity released in a year cannot exceed – H-3 = 5 Ci

– C-14 = 1 Ci

– All others combined = 1 Ci

• Records must be maintained until license is terminated

SEWER DISPOSAL

24

WAC 246-221-190


• Air Emissions Questionnaire to Determine Exempt Status (Attachment L) – License application

– New buildings

• Radioactive Air Emissions License may be needed

• Evaluated annually with report for previous year submitted to DOH by June 30

AIR EMISSIONS

25

WAC 246-247

http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-247http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-247http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-247

• Emergency Planning – Required if a release could expose public to certain dose levels or materials

– Coordination and notifications to off-site response groups

• Decommissioning Funding Plan – Required if authorized to possess above certain activity levels

– Provides financial surety for decommissioning

– Must be updated and approved every 3 years

OTHER LICENSE CONSIDERATIONS

26

• Stolen lost or missing radiation sources – WAC 246-221-240

• Incidents – WAC 246-221-250 – Requirements for immediate and 24 hour notification

– Doses exceeded

– Release or potential release of RAM

– Certain contamination incidients

– Fires/explosions involving RAM

– Unplanned medical treatment on a contaminated person

• Overexposures and excessive levels or concentrations – WAC 246-221-260

• Planned special exposures and leaking sources – WAC 246-221-265

REPORTING AND NOTIFICATIONS

27

http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-240http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-240http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-240http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-240http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-240http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-250http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-250http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-250http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-250http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-250http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-260http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-260http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-260http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-260http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-260http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-265http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-265http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-265http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-265http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-265

• Vacating premises and release of equipment – WAC 246-221-270

• Facility Changes – WAC 246-221-275 – new or replacement equipment containing or emitting radiation,

– increased occupancy,

– repair or replacement of existing shielding,

– new shielding,

– alteration of the ventilation system, and

– changes in procedures done in the room or area

• Individuals – WAC 246-221-280 – If you have to notify DOH, you must notify the individual as well

REPORTING AND NOTIFICATIONS

28
http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-270http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-270http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-270http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-270http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-270http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-275http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-275http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-275http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-275http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-275http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-280http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-280http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-280http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-280http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-221-280

Documents

PROGRAM COMPONENTS IONIZING RADIATION · 2018. 3. 19. · Philip Campbell, CHP UW Radiation Safety Officer March 20, 2018 ... Phil Campbell Created Date: 3/19/2018 3:18:40 PM