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ENGLISH COURSE

Prof.ssa

Elena INTORCIA

� Here I am! from English for Me, Chapter I

� Microlanguage:

Energy - Energy sources

(handout available at www.ing.unisannio.it/intorcia)

� Phonetics

� Please notice that this program isorientative.

� A more detailed program containing all the topics to study for the final exam will be published by the end of the course at:

www.ing.unisannio.it/intorcia

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A. Phonetics

B. Activities from the coursebooksEnglish for Me and My English Practice Booklet

C. Microlanguage

A. Phonetics

International Phonetic Alphabet - Spelling - Phonetic

Transcription - Homophones – Homographs.

http://www.onestopenglish.com/skills/pronunciation/phonemic-chart-and-app/interactive-phonemic-chart-british-english/

� Homophones

� Homographs

B. Activities from:

E.Intorcia, E.Pepicelli, English for Me, Aracne Editrice, Roma, 2017

(9 chapters)

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B. Activities from:

E.Intorcia, E.Pepicelli, My English Practice Booklet, Aracne Editrice, Roma, 2019

Reading, analysis, understanding of authentic material related to microlanguage and conversation about selected texts.

Handouts dealing with topics related to the field of Energy Engineering will be soon available online � “Green issues”

Handouts dealing with topics related to the field of Energy Engineering will be soon available online � “Green issues”

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Lectures:

on WEDNESDAYS, from 11:00 to 13:00, lecture-room O3

Second semester

Beginning: March 4th, 2020 - End: June 2019 (12 lectures)

TUTORIALS: on MONDAYS, at 4 p.m.

“Aula Docenti”- DEMM (2nd floor)

�send an email beforehand

MY EMAIL ADDRESS: elenaint@unisannio.it

MY WEBPAGE: www.ing.unisannio.it/intorcia

ENGLISHEXAM WRITTEN

TEST

Writing task

(short paragraph on a given topic)

Translation section

ORAL

EXAM

Language

Microlanguage

3 CFU

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www.ing.unisannio.it/

intorciaWriting task

� an essay

� an article

� an email

Translation

� Grammar revision

20Pass grade: 18/30

< (less than) 18: FAIL � NO

ADMISSION to the oral exam

� IPA - phonetic transcription

� Conversation about topics presented

during the course (+ personal

comments)

� Microlanguage

� Activities from textbooks

� Discussion of the student’s written test

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� 20/04/2020

Aula G12 – 16:00

� 15/06/2020

Aula G12 – 16:00

� 15/07/2020

Aula G12 – 09:00

� 14/09/2020

Aula G12 – 16:00

Myself; work; school; leisure

time; TV/radio programs; events;

feelings; wishes; personal

letter/email; travelling for

work/leisure; hobbies; dreams;

opinions/plans; narrating a

story; plot of a book/film/TV

program; hopes; ambitions;

describing experiences/

impressions/ reactions

� BBC one minute world news

� www.bbc.co.ukworldservice

/learningenglish/grammar/

pron/sounds/index.html

� http://learnenglish.britishco

uncil.org/en/

� www.oup.com/elt/headway

� www.onestopenglish.com

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BBC one minute world news

i.e. the scientific

study of a language

lexicon

phonetics

morpho-syntax

�Speaking

�Writing

� Listening

� Reading

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I.P.A.

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

WHAT DOES PHONETICS DO?

Phonetics breaks down languages into individual sounds and assigns characters or “letters” to the sounds.

This creates a standardizedmethod of writing based on the sounds in words.

Ex: In English, we spell pear and pair differently, but phonetically they would both be spelled the same.

bad bed

Knowing the correct pronunciation of words helps

you communicate. Mispronouncing words can

really impair communication!

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What is the IPA?

A system of symbols

has been devised by

linguists for writing

the sounds of English:

the International

Phonetic Alphabet

(IPA).

Learning to pronounce the sound corresponding

to each symbol will help you improve your

pronunciation, an important language skill.

English = a non-phonetic language

spelling (ortografia) ≠ sound (suono)

44

distinct

sounds

24

consonant

sounds

unvoiced voiced

20

vowel sounds

diphthongsvowel

sounds

short long

THE SOUNDS OF ENGLISH word entry phonetic script part of the speech

me

an

ing

/s

The transcription is written between slashes (//) to show that it

is the pronunciation that has been written and not the spelling.

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For example, in the

word set the sound

symbols look the

same as the letters,

which means that the

pronunciation is the

same as the spelling:

set /set/

Some words, instead,

look very different

when you see their

pronunciation.

Consider, for instance,

this one:

� it’s the word

knowledge.

http://cambridgeenglishonline.com/interactive_phonemic_chart/

' main stress ׀ secondary stress

expectation /ekspek'teǺ∫ən׀/

syllable divisionsystem /'sǺs ● təm/

r linking r is pronounced only before a vowel

in British Englishfour /fс:r / four apples /fс: 'ræp●lz/

THE PHYSICALITY OF SOUNDS

Be aware of:

- where the sound is produced

- what I should move (lips, teeth, tongue, the jaw, the amount of voice produced, etc.)

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PHONETICS - Activities

Word Phonetic transcription Meaning

change

since

/'ʧeǺnȴ/

/'sǺns/

/'saǺt/

/'wǬ:k/

/'kȜntri/

cambiare

da/dal

vista, visuale

lavoro

nazione

Read the phonetic scripts below:

Phonetictranscription

Word Meaning

/'saǺns/

/'sǺns/

science scienza

since da

nose naso

touch toccare

a [aǺ] b [bi:] c [si:] d [di:] e [i:]

f [ef] g [ȴi:] h [eǺʧ] i [aǺ] j [ȴeI]

k [keǺ] l [el] m [em] n [en] o [əυ]

p [pi:] q [kju:] r [a:*] s [es] t [ti:]

u [ju:] v [vi:] w [dΛblju:] x [eks]

y [waǺ] z [zed]

CHAPTER 1

Here I am!

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VOCABULARYBUILDING

I was born on ... (giorno) ... (mese & anno) in ... (città &

nazione)/at ... (piccolo centro).

I’m ... (età) years old.

I was born on … (day) … (month)

… 3rd April � forma scritta

… the third of April � forma parlata

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Ordinal numbers

1st – the first 11th – the eleventh2nd – the second 12th – the twelfth3rd – the third 13th – the thirteenth4th – the fourth 14th – the fourteenth5th – the fifth 15th – the fifteenth6th – the sixth 16th – the sixteenth 7th – the seventh 17th – the seventeenth8th – the eighth 18th – the eighteenth9th – the ninth 19th – the nineteenth 10th the tenth 20th – the twentieth

30th – the thirtieth31st – the thirty-first

I live in a big city/a small town/a nice village, called ...

I live …

in the city center

in the outskirts

not far from the city centre.

/'kǤld/

I live by myself/alone/with my family.

I live in a flat/apartment with some housemates

(coinquilini). They’re all students.

I’m a student. I attend the University of Sannio, in

Benevento.

I’m a commuter, so I travel every day by

car/train/bus. It takes ... hours/minutes to get to

university from home.

I’m interested in ... /quite into .../very good at .../-ing; I

like .../-ing, I’m fond of ...

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ASKINGQUESTIONS

Wh- questions

p.13

English for Me

Le Wh- questions sono domande formulate con pronomi o aggettivi interrogativi.

Se la frase prevede un verbo ausiliare o modale, questo si colloca prima del soggetto ed è sempre preceduto dalla Wh- question word:

Wh- word + verbo aus./modale + soggetto + verbo + oggetto

Why did you phone me?

parole interrogative wh-

�COSE: What che cosa/quale

Which quale (tra 2 o più di due)

�PERSONE: Who chi (sogg.)

Whom chi (compl.)

Whose di chi

�LUOGHI: Where dove

�TEMPO: When quando

How long per quanto tempo

How often quanto spesso/quante volte

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�NUMERO: How much Quanto

How many Quanti/e

�RAGIONE: Why Perché

�MANIERA: How Come

�ETA’: How old Quanti anni

�DISTANZA: How far Quanto dista

age

hometown

family

studies

interests &

hobbies

friends

dreams other …

age

hometown

familyjobinterests &

hobbies

friends

dreamsother …

My name’s …/I’m …

nameI’m … (years

old)

I’m from …

I live in … /at …

I have a big / small family I’m a studentI like +-ing

I love sports

I have many friends

I don’t have …

My best friend is …

My dream is + -ing TEST YOUR GRAMMAR

1. A: Quando sei nato?

B: Sono nato il 16 settembre.

2. Che scuola superiore hai frequentato?

3. Da quanto tempo studi inglese?

4. Dove vivi?

6. Quanto tempo ci vuole?

5. Come raggiungi l’università?

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A: When were born

B: I was born on September 16th.

1. A: Quando sei nato?

B: Sono nato il 16 settembre.

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

per indicare un

giorno specificoper indicare un

orario specifico

per indicare un

periodo specifico

on per indicare

un giorno

specifico

- giorni della

settimana

- parti del giorno +

nome giorno

- date

- un giorno

particolare

- on Monday

- on Friday morning

- on Wednesday 11th March

- on Christmas Day

at per indicare

un orario

specifico

- le ore

- gli orari dei pasti

- at ten o’clock

- at midday/midnight

- at breakfast (time)

at lunchtime

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in per indicare un

periodo

specifico

- anni

- mesi

- stagioni

- secoli

- periodi storici

- parti del giorno

- in 2012

- in October

- in autumn

- in the 21st century

- in the Renaissance

- in the afternoon

Which High School did you attend?

2. Che scuola superiore hai frequentato?

I attended …

the Classical Lyceum

the Scientific Lyceum

the High School for Accountants

the Technical High School

the Vocational High School

How long have you been studying English?

Where do you live?

3. Da quanto tempo studi inglese?

4. Dove vivi?

I’ve been studying English for 8 years

since 2012

I live in … / at …

Questo tempo è usato per indicare

un’azione iniziata nel passato e che ancora

continua nel presente.

Forma have been/has been + -ing form

I have been working all day long.

Usi

o che si è appena conclusa.

Ex.: I’m sorry I’m late. Have you beenwaiting long?

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5. Come raggiungi l’università?

How do you get to university?

I go/get to university …

by car � I drive to university

by bus/ train

on foot � I walk to university

6. Quanto tempo ci vuole?

How long does it take?

It takes …

half an hour

one hour / 2 hours

20 minutes

For extra activities:

p.14

English for Me

GRAMMARCHECK

TRANSLATION LAB

1.Vivo in un paese piccolo, ma tranquillo.

2. Non amo viaggiare con la macchina.

3. Studio inglese e francese.

4. Gli amici di Tom non sanno nuotare.

5. Ieri non sono uscito perché pioveva molto.

6. Dove vai di solito a Natale?

7. Marco prenderà il treno alle sette.

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ENERGY

� WHAT IS ENERGY?

� WHAT DO YOU

ASSOCIATE THE WORD

“ENERGY” WITH?

� WHAT DO YOU USE

IT FOR IN YOUR DAILY

LIFE?

HOME APPLIANCES

fan

stereo &

loudspeakers

cooker

washing

machine

fridge +

freezer

dishwasher

hooverTV set

microwave oven

WHAT IS ENERGY?

People use energy each day for transportation, cooking, heating and cooling rooms, manufacturing, lighting, entertainment, and many other uses. The choices people make about how they use energy—turning machines off when they’re not using them or choosing to buy fuel-efficient vehicles and energy-efficient appliances—affects the environment and everyone’s lives.

GLOBAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION – YEAR 2018

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HOW WE USE ENERGY

We divide our energy use among four economic sectors:

�residential

�commercial

�transportation

�industrial

THE NATURE OF ENERGY

The nature of energy is very complex, but it is best described by these characteristics:

�energy is the ability to do work;

�work is the application of a force through a distance;

�force is that which can put matter into motion or stop it if it is already moving;

�motion is a change in distance or direction with time.

Energy comes in different forms:

� heat (thermal)

� light (radiant)

� motion (kinetic)

� electrical

� chemical

� nuclear energy

� gravitational

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ENERGY SOURCES

When people use electricity in their homes, the electrical power was probably generated by burning coal or natural gas, by a nuclear reaction, or by a hydroelectric plant on a river, to name just a few sources.

Therefore, coal, nuclear, and hydro are called energy sources.

Although most of the energy consumed in the Western world comes from fossil fuel sources, there are many other potential sources of energy available.

In all cases, there are pros and cons to our use of these sources.

Some of the energy sources are limited by their availability or environmental impact; others need technological improvements before they can become widely used.

For scientists and engineers, research is the best way to learn about unknown topics.

Energy sources are divided into two groups:

� renewable (an energy source that naturally regenerates or that can be easily replenished)

� non-renewable (an energy source that cannot be easily replenished)

Renewable and non-renewable energy sources can be used as primary energy sources to produce useful energy such as heat or used to produce secondary energy sources such as electricity.

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The five renewable energy sources used most often are:

1. biomass (including wood and wood waste, municipal solid waste, landfill and biogas, ethanol, and biodiesel);

2. hydropower (from moving or falling water);

3. geothermal energy (i.e. the natural heat from the earth’s interior);

4. wind power;

5. solar energy (from the sun).

Non-renewable energy sources, instead, are those that can be depleted. They do not renew themselves in a useful amount of time, but they are being used up faster than nature could ever replace them. These include:

� fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)

� nuclear fuels.

We can use them today and we will still be able to use them tomorrow if we apply what is called sustainable development.

Crude oil, natural gas, and coal are called fossil fuels because they were formed over millions of years by the action of heat from the earth's core and pressure from rock and soil on the remains (or fossils) of dead plants and creatures like microscopic diatoms.

Nuclear energy is produced from uranium, a non-renewable energy source whose atoms are split (through a process called nuclear fission) to create heat and, eventually, electricity.

nuclear power station

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WHY DON’T WE USE MORE RENEWABLE ENERGY?

Renewable energy is at the centre of the transition to a less carbon-intensive and more sustainable energy system. Renewables have grown rapidly in recent years, accompanied by sharp cost reductions for solar photovoltaics and wind power in particular. However, renewable heat and transport are lagging behind, despite good potential.

In general, renewable energy is more expensive to produce and to use than fossil fuel energy.

Favorable renewable resources are often located in remote areas, and it can be expensive to build power lines from the renewable energy sources to the cities that need the electricity.

In addition, renewable sources are not always available:

� clouds reduce electricity from solar power plants;

� days with low wind reduce electricity from wind farms;

� droughts reduce the water available for hydropower.

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ACTIVITIESSummarize the main ideas about ENERGY and ENERGY SOURCES by completing the following mind maps.

main types

kinetic potential

the ability to do work

energy of motion stored energy

energy sources

renewable non renewable

ENERGY SOURCES

RENEWABLE

1. sun

2. water

3. wood

4. wind

5. biomass

6. geothermal

7. ocean tides

NON-RENEWABLE

1. coal

2. natural gas

3. petroleum

4. nuclear fission

Renewable energy sources are …, while non-renewable

energy sources include …

Both of them bring about pros and cons.

For example, … / For instance, …

As a matter of a fact, …

Indeed, …

However, …

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For each energy source listed below, answer the following questions: biomass - fossil fuels - geothermal - hydropower - uranium -solar - wind

� Where can we find this energy source?� How do we harness the energy? (How does it

work?)� Are there different types or uses of this source? If

yes, what are the differences?� What are the environmental impacts of this source?

� What are the economic impacts of this source? How much does it cost perKWh?

� What countries currently use this source? What percentage is used in Italy?� How is this energy source currently used? For example: at farms, in industry,etc. Could this source be used in a family home?

� If you had to choose an energy system to tell your community about based only on the aspect you researched, which system would you choose? Why?

� Why do we as a nation depend so much on fossil fuels? AND What do you think we could do to reduce this dependence on fossil fuels?

� List some “pros” and “cons” of using these energy sources.

Energy Source “pros” “cons”

Biomass

Fossil Fuels

Geothermal

Hydropower

Uranium

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DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

� If you had to choose an energy system to tell your

community about, based only on the aspect you

researched, which system would you choose? Why?

� Why do we as a nation depend so much on fossil

fuels? What do you think we could do to reduce this

dependence on fossil fuels?

EXPANDINGVOCABULARY

Constructing

WORD BANKS

ENERGY

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Phrasesenergysource

renewable to use up to run out offossil fuels

ENERGY

� available:

� availability:

� food scraps:

� fossil fuels:

� landfill:

� waste:

� to deplete:

� to regenerate:

� to use up:

disponibiledisponibilità

scarti alimentaricombustibili fossili

discaricarifiuti

esaurirerigenerare

consumare, terminare