Profiling• more accurate in violent crimes and sexual crimes than property crimes• Involves science and intuition• General behavioural profiling factors:

– Killers are usually similar in age and ethnic origin to their victims– Fantasy periods usually precede the assault and act as a blueprint for the assault, especially in sex

crimes– Keeping an item from the victim as a trophy is common in sex crimes and serves to help the

perpetrator fantasize in the future– There are two main types of violent crime:

1. Organized• The crime scene is “neat” and the perpetrator cleaned up the evidence as much as possible• Perpetrator tend to be:

• Sexually competent with frequent partners• Lives with a partner at time of crime• Has charm• Has high regard for personal appearance• Avoids alcohol and drugs• Has psychopathy (lack of empathy and conscience)• Had inconsistent upbringing that was not necessarily abusive• Had history of running away from home• Usually average to high intelligence• Tends to be police groupie: watches police dramas, has scanner etc.

Profiling 22. Disorganized:

• Crime scene is chaotic• Has problems relating to sexual partners and if dating, prefers partners much younger than self to feel superior and be in

control• Lives alone and probably never married• Unskilled labourer or unemployed• Tends to be religious• Below average to maximum average intelligence• Poor personal hygiene• Tends to be sexually inexperienced• May “telegraph” messages to authorities

• The usefullness of theorganized/disorganized profiles:• Interrogate suspects of organized crimes with direct questioning and without deception• Interrogate suspects of disorganized crimes with empathy, at night, and use good cop/bad cop routine.

• FBI rape scene profiles:• Sadistic rapes: involve disguise, prolonged time, acts intended to humiliate and dehumanize the victim inluding terror,

torture, sodomy. Profile of rapist: no previous arrests or convictions for violence, but may have deception convictions or charges.

• Intimacy rapes: kisses and reassures victim, apologizes, inquires about victims personal life, demands victim talk sexually to the perpetrator, returns victim to demureness. Profile of rapist: likely to have deception convictions, stalking charges or restraining orders, but no convictions for violence or property crime.

• Aggression rapes: multiple violent acts with gratuitous violence, forced fellatio. Nature of rape more violent that sex. Profile of rapist: convictions for violence, history of bullying.

• Criminality rapes: use of blindfold on victim, theft of property, rape was an afterthought. Profile of rapist: convictions for property crime.

Profiling 3• British police murder scene profiles:

1. Instrumental scene:– Perpetrator’s face hidden, used manual attack, victim was female or old, neck attacked, victim at

home, multiple wounds restricted to one area such as neck. Perpetrator likely unemployed, knew victim, knows the area, and has previous property offences.

2. Cognitive scene:– Body was moved and hidden usually with face up, murder scene cleaned up and evidence

removed, blunt instrument used in murder. Perpetrator likely served in military and was imprisoned for lengthy time

3. Impulsive or expressive scene:– Multiple wounds all over body (slash/cut), weapon was brought to the scene. Perpetrator has

previous convictions for violence, public disorder, and sexual offences, is married, has been divorced, uses drugs, may be female.