Professor Eric Sampson -2 - yPanel · Introduction of electric vehicles requires new style vehiclestyle vehicle——infrastructure linking infrastructure linking Getting wireless

The need for better co-working

Professor Eric Sampson

Transport Operations Research Group

May 2010May 2010

Karlshamn May 2008 NoKarlshamn May 2008 No 22

CombineCombine�� Information TechnologyInformation Technology

�� CommunicationsCommunications

�� SensorsSensors

�� Maps and DatabasesMaps and Databases

To deliver journeysTo deliver journeys//services that areservices that are

�� More efficientMore efficient

�� SaferSafer

�� More comfortableMore comfortable

For Rail, Air, Maritime and RoadFor Rail, Air, Maritime and Road

CombineCombine�� Information TechnologyInformation Technology

�� CommunicationsCommunications

�� SensorsSensors

�� Maps and DatabasesMaps and Databases

To deliver journeysTo deliver journeys//services that areservices that are

�� More efficientMore efficient

�� SaferSafer

�� More comfortableMore comfortable

For Rail, Air, Maritime and RoadFor Rail, Air, Maritime and Road

ITS TOOLS . . .ITS TOOLS . . .


System System capacitycapacity

Improved Improved safetysafety

Better public Better public transport transport

Demand Demand managementmanagement

Costs Costs attributionattribution

More More efficient efficient logisticslogistics

Reduced Reduced congestioncongestion

System System capacitycapacity

Improved Improved safetysafety

Better public Better public transport transport

Demand Demand managementmanagement

Costs Costs attributionattribution

More More efficient efficient logisticslogistics

Reduced Reduced congestioncongestion

•• VehicleVehicle // roadroad commscomms•• CellularCellular telephonytelephony•• MicrowaveMicrowave commscomms•• DataData modellingmodelling // processingprocessing•• SatNav,SatNav, RouteRoute GuidanceGuidance•• DigitalDigital mappingmapping•• PositionPosition locationlocation && GPSGPS•• ElectronicElectronic vehiclevehicle identificationidentification•• DisplayDisplay techniquestechniques•• ee--commerce,commerce, ee--pursespurses•• BiometricsBiometrics andand IDID•• ImageImage processing,processing, ANPRANPR•• TransponderTransponder designdesign•• HumanHuman FactorsFactors && ergonomicsergonomics•• RealReal--timetime InformationInformation•• CostCost -- benefitbenefit andand evaluationevaluation•• RiskRisk AssesmentAssesment•• ArchitectureArchitecture && standardsstandards•• BusinessBusiness modelsmodels•• ITIT andand powerpower computingcomputing•• DataData PrivacyPrivacy

•• VehicleVehicle // roadroad commscomms•• CellularCellular telephonytelephony•• MicrowaveMicrowave commscomms•• DataData modellingmodelling // processingprocessing•• SatNav,SatNav, RouteRoute GuidanceGuidance•• DigitalDigital mappingmapping•• PositionPosition locationlocation && GPSGPS•• ElectronicElectronic vehiclevehicle identificationidentification•• DisplayDisplay techniquestechniques•• ee--commerce,commerce, ee--pursespurses•• BiometricsBiometrics andand IDID•• ImageImage processing,processing, ANPRANPR•• TransponderTransponder designdesign•• HumanHuman FactorsFactors && ergonomicsergonomics•• RealReal--timetime InformationInformation•• CostCost -- benefitbenefit andand evaluationevaluation•• RiskRisk AssesmentAssesment•• ArchitectureArchitecture && standardsstandards•• BusinessBusiness modelsmodels•• ITIT andand powerpower computingcomputing•• DataData PrivacyPrivacy

PoliciesPolicies ToolsToolsUser behaviour/responseUser behaviour/response

Traveller Information Traveller Information

EE--SafetySafety (ADAS,(ADAS, ISA,ISA, ))

LocationLocation--basedbased ServicesServices

RoadRoad UserUser ChargingCharging

DeploymentDeployment IssuesIssues

CVHSCVHS (Intelligent(Intelligent VehiclesVehicles ++IntelligentIntelligent InfrastructureInfrastructure ))

EE--TicketingTicketing

SmartSmart cardscards

TrafficTraffic controlcontrol && managementmanagement

User behaviour/responseUser behaviour/response

Traveller Information Traveller Information

EE--SafetySafety (ADAS,(ADAS, ISA,ISA, ))

LocationLocation--basedbased ServicesServices

RoadRoad UserUser ChargingCharging

DeploymentDeployment IssuesIssues

CVHSCVHS (Intelligent(Intelligent VehiclesVehicles ++IntelligentIntelligent InfrastructureInfrastructure ))

EE--TicketingTicketing

SmartSmart cardscards

TrafficTraffic controlcontrol && managementmanagement

ProcessesProcesses


Key issues for ITSKey issues for ITSKey issues for ITSKey issues for ITSKnowing costs & Knowing costs & benefitsbenefits

�� TechnicalTechnical

�� LegalLegal

�� Institutional and Institutional and OrganisationalOrganisational

�� National or National or InternationalInternational

Knowing costs & Knowing costs & benefitsbenefits

�� TechnicalTechnical

�� LegalLegal

�� Institutional and Institutional and OrganisationalOrganisational

�� National or National or InternationalInternational

Engaging the stakeholdersEngaging the stakeholders

�� Road and vehicle usersRoad and vehicle users

�� Transport service providersTransport service providers

�� Network operatorsNetwork operators

�� Technology suppliersTechnology suppliers

�� Vehicle ManufacturersVehicle Manufacturers

�� Infrastructure suppliersInfrastructure suppliers

Engaging the stakeholdersEngaging the stakeholders

�� Road and vehicle usersRoad and vehicle users

�� Transport service providersTransport service providers

�� Network operatorsNetwork operators

�� Technology suppliersTechnology suppliers

�� Vehicle ManufacturersVehicle Manufacturers

�� Infrastructure suppliersInfrastructure suppliers

Technology availability is not an issueTechnology availability is not an issue

Deployment example Deployment example ---- CVHSCVHS


The CVHS visionThe CVHS visionThe CVHS visionThe CVHS vision

Cooperative VehicleCooperative Vehicle--Highway Systems: Highway Systems:

joining up a smarter road and a smarter joining up a smarter road and a smarter

vehicle using wireless, with the potential vehicle using wireless, with the potential

for big wins in network management & for big wins in network management &

road safetyroad safety

Karlshamn May 2008 NoKarlshamn May 2008 No 66No 6

�� Big wins in road safety & network managementBig wins in road safety & network management

�� Safer vehicles, more driver support & Safer vehicles, more driver support & assistance = fewer accidentsassistance = fewer accidents

�� Better prediction & management of traffic flow Better prediction & management of traffic flow = less congestion= less congestion

�� Better management of traffic = reduced Better management of traffic = reduced emissions and energy consumptionemissions and energy consumption

�� Range of new products and services for Range of new products and services for automotive manufacturers and ITS industryautomotive manufacturers and ITS industry

�� Widespread recognition of societal and Widespread recognition of societal and commercial benefitscommercial benefits

�� Big wins in road safety & network managementBig wins in road safety & network management

�� Safer vehicles, more driver support & Safer vehicles, more driver support & assistance = fewer accidentsassistance = fewer accidents

�� Better prediction & management of traffic flow Better prediction & management of traffic flow = less congestion= less congestion

�� Better management of traffic = reduced Better management of traffic = reduced emissions and energy consumptionemissions and energy consumption

�� Range of new products and services for Range of new products and services for automotive manufacturers and ITS industryautomotive manufacturers and ITS industry

�� Widespread recognition of societal and Widespread recognition of societal and commercial benefitscommercial benefits

The case for The case for CVHSCVHSThe case for The case for CVHSCVHS


The road management gainsThe road management gainsThe road management gainsThe road management gains


Pressures on the road network 1Pressures on the road network 1Pressures on the road network 1Pressures on the road network 1

�� More throughputMore throughput

�� Improved safetyImproved safety

�� Reduced environmental impactReduced environmental impact

�� vehicle emissions and noise levelsvehicle emissions and noise levels

�� visual intrusionvisual intrusion

�� Better integration with public transportBetter integration with public transport

�� More reliable/predictable freight tripsMore reliable/predictable freight trips


�� Improved safetyImproved safety




�� Better integration with public transportBetter integration with public transport



�� Changing trends:Changing trends:

�� population age distributionpopulation age distribution

�� ee--shoppingshopping

�� tourism & leisuretourism & leisure

�� teleworkingteleworking

�� business locationbusiness location

�� flexible office hours, manufacturing etcflexible office hours, manufacturing etc

�� Need flexibility & fast response to changeNeed flexibility & fast response to change

�� Changing trends:Changing trends:

�� population age distributionpopulation age distribution

�� ee--shoppingshopping

�� tourism & leisuretourism & leisure

�� teleworkingteleworking

�� business locationbusiness location

�� flexible office hours, manufacturing etcflexible office hours, manufacturing etc

�� Need flexibility & fast response to changeNeed flexibility & fast response to change



CongestionCongestion

Dri

ver

Reg

ula

tio

n

Dri

ver

Reg

ula

tio

n

Advice and Advice and guidanceguidance

Intelligent Intelligent InfrastructureInfrastructure

Intelligent VehiclesIntelligent Vehicles Cooperative vehicles / Cooperative vehicles / infrastructuresinfrastructures

Strategic Traffic ManagementStrategic Traffic ManagementStrategic Traffic ManagementStrategic Traffic Management

Intelligent Speed Adaptation

CVHS Strategies

Automatic Traffic management

Road User Charging

Information Services / TCC, Transport Direct

U T M S

E V I

Dynamic Route Guidance


We were warned We were warned —— UK Foresight studyUK Foresight studyWe were warned We were warned —— UK Foresight studyUK Foresight study1955

Lots of Fossil Fuels

More Infrastructure

Rich can move

Cope with shocks

Demand led investment

Space Age

Public own Infrastructure

Economy only priority

2005

Fossil Fuel supply limited

More effective Infrastructure

Right to Move

Plan for most shocks

Invest for efficiency

Information Age

Hybrid Public & Private owned

Economy before Environment

2055

Post-Fossil Fuels

Intelligent Infrastructure

Should I Move

Prepared for all shocks

Externalities in rational basis

Intelligence Age

?

Economy andEnvironment



�� Improved safety Improved safety




�� Integration with public transportIntegration with public transport



�� Improved safety Improved safety




�� Integration with public transportIntegration with public transport


�� CVHSCVHS

�� CVHSCVHS

�� CVHSCVHS

�� CVHSCVHS

�� CVHSCVHS

�� CVHSCVHS

�� CVHSCVHS



CVHS toolboxCVHS toolboxCVHS toolboxCVHS toolbox

�� Latitudinal / longitudinal supportLatitudinal / longitudinal support

�� Lat / long collision avoidanceLat / long collision avoidance

�� Platooning / convoyingPlatooning / convoying

�� Adaptive route guidanceAdaptive route guidance

�� Traffic and traveller informationTraffic and traveller information

�� Controlled traffic flowControlled traffic flow

�� Best practice driver adviceBest practice driver advice


Migration: 1 Migration: 1 -- 5 Years5 Years�� Driver in full control of vehicleDriver in full control of vehicle **

�� Speed/behaviour monitored by PoliceSpeed/behaviour monitored by Police

�� Increasing realIncreasing real--time information ( IT IS, time information ( IT IS, TrafficMaster, RDSTrafficMaster, RDS--TMC radio)TMC radio)

TODAYTODAY

1 1 - 5 5 YEARSYEARS

�� Driver assisted by inDriver assisted by in--car technology (close car technology (close following following etcetc))

�� Driver manoeuvre / collision warningDriver manoeuvre / collision warning

�� External speed alert (ISA)External speed alert (ISA)

�� RealReal--time information on conditionstime information on conditions

�� Motorway charging introduced ? Motorway charging introduced ?

�� Driver in command, rather than controlDriver in command, rather than control* * Except Airbag; ABS etcExcept Airbag; ABS etc


Migration: 7 Migration: 7 -- 20 Years20 YearsMigration: 7 Migration: 7 -- 20 Years20 Years

7 7 -- 20 20 YEARSYEARS

�� Cooperative platoons of vehiclesCooperative platoons of vehicles

�� External speed controlExternal speed control

�� OverOver--ride of driver manoeuvreride of driver manoeuvre

�� InIn--car office systems acceptedcar office systems accepted

�� Automated highways: users are Automated highways: users are passengers (freight before passengers (freight before passenger) passenger)

�� Mode choice by price and Mode choice by price and journey needsjourney needs

�� Public transport “units” for hirePublic transport “units” for hire


A Future Strategic Network ? A Future Strategic Network ? A Future Strategic Network ? A Future Strategic Network ?

Distributor / Distributor / Feeder Feeder LanesLanes

InfrastructureInfrastructureControlledControlled

DriverDriverControlledControlled

DedicatedDedicatedLong DistanceLong DistanceFreight LaneFreight Lane

AutomatedAutomatedHighwayHighway

LaneLane


Vehicles will be part of infrastructureVehicles will be part of infrastructureVehicles will be part of infrastructureVehicles will be part of infrastructure


A mobile ad hoc network A mobile ad hoc network —— a a number of mobile information number of mobile information devices cooperate to form a devices cooperate to form a dynamic computing network dynamic computing network without fixed infrastructurewithout fixed infrastructure.

Information will be part of infrastructureInformation will be part of infrastructureInformation will be part of infrastructureInformation will be part of infrastructure


�� New Generation handNew Generation hand--heldshelds

�� location based serviceslocation based services

�� personalised information delivery personalised information delivery

�� plan tripsplan trips

�� buy travel slotsbuy travel slots

�� guide between modesguide between modes

�� healthy travel optionshealthy travel options

�� monitor environment monitor environment

�� http://www.transportdirect.infohttp://www.transportdirect.info

Personal support will use infrastructurePersonal support will use infrastructurePersonal support will use infrastructurePersonal support will use infrastructure


Common worries Common worries Common worries Common worries

�� How assemble / unassemble platoons ?How assemble / unassemble platoons ?

�� Really let a driver sleep ?Really let a driver sleep ?

�� Dangerous when it failsDangerous when it fails

�� Who do I sue if I’m hit ?Who do I sue if I’m hit ?

�� Can I trust it ?Can I trust it ?

�� “Big Brother” tracking and policing“Big Brother” tracking and policing

�� What happens if it doesn’t work ? What happens if it doesn’t work ?

�� How do I see what it’s actually doing ?How do I see what it’s actually doing ?

�� Do I have to use it ?Do I have to use it ?


The safety gainsThe safety gainsThe safety gainsThe safety gains


Accident PhasesAccident PhasesAccident PhasesAccident Phases

Secondary SafetySecondary Safety(injury reduction(injury reduction))

NormalNormalDrivingDriving

AccidentAccidentAvoidableAvoidable

Impact PhaseImpact Phase

Primary SafetyPrimary Safety(Crash avoidance)(Crash avoidance)

AccidentAccidentUnavoidableUnavoidable


Towards the eTowards the e--vehicle 1vehicle 1Towards the eTowards the e--vehicle 1vehicle 1

Driver Driver AssistanceAssistance

Power steering, ABSPower steering, ABS

traction controltraction control

Traffic AlertTraffic Alert

Radio, RDSRadio, RDS--TMC, TMC, TrafficMasterTrafficMaster

Speed Speed LimitLimit

Route Route GuidanceGuidance

OverrideOverrideAir bagAir bag

DriverDriver

SensorsSensors

CommsComms

DSRC, 3G,DSRC, 3G,

Cell phone,Cell phone,

Bluetooth,Bluetooth,

SatNavSatNav

ee--IDID

VehicleVehicle


OverrideOverrideAir bag, brakesAir bag, brakes

speed, steeringspeed, steering

CommsComms

DSRC, 3G,DSRC, 3G,

Cell phone,Cell phone,

Bluetooth,Bluetooth,

SatNavSatNav

ee--IDID

VehicleVehicle

Towards the eTowards the e--vehicle 2vehicle 2Towards the eTowards the e--vehicle 2vehicle 2

Driver Driver AssistanceAssistance

Power steering, Power steering, ABSABS

traction controltraction control

Traffic AlertTraffic Alert

Radio, RDSRadio, RDS--TMC, TMC, TrafficMasterTrafficMaster

Speed Speed LimitLimit

Route Route GuidanceGuidance

DriverDriver

SensorsSensors


Conventional vehicle’s accidentConventional vehicle’s accidentConventional vehicle’s accidentConventional vehicle’s accidentNormalNormalDrivingDriving


Active Secondary Safety, eg Active Secondary Safety, eg AirbagsAirbags

Passive Secondary Safety, eg Passive Secondary Safety, eg Vehicle StructuresVehicle Structures

ImpactImpact


DriverDriver--deployed brakesdeployed brakes

DriverDriver--deployeddeployed steeringsteering

Cruise ControlCruise Control

IncidentIncident


Intelligent Speed AdaptationIntelligent Speed Adaptation

Driver Drowsiness MonitorDriver Drowsiness Monitor

Lane Departure WarningLane Departure Warning

CoCo--op Vehicleop Vehicle--Highway SystemHighway System

Electronic Vehicle IdentificationElectronic Vehicle Identification


Intelligent vehicle’s accidentIntelligent vehicle’s accidentIntelligent vehicle’s accidentIntelligent vehicle’s accident

Accident avoided or Accident avoided or less serious. less serious. Gains Gains to: Safety, NHS, to: Safety, NHS, Industry as road user Industry as road user and employerand employer

AirbagsAirbags

Vehicle StructuresVehicle Structures

ee--Call 999 serviceCall 999 service

Incident location reportIncident location report

ImpactImpact

Lat / Long Collision WarningLat / Long Collision Warning

Lat / Long Collision OverrideLat / Long Collision Override

Electronic Stability ProcedureElectronic Stability Procedure

Boost brake system pressureBoost brake system pressure

PrePre--tension seat beltstension seat belts

Configure air bag triggersConfigure air bag triggers

Configure suspension for impactConfigure suspension for impact

AccidentAccidentSeems likelySeems likely

Start Start mitigation mitigation actionsactions


Future accident phasesFuture accident phasesFuture accident phasesFuture accident phases




Primary SafetyPrimary Safety(crash avoidance)(crash avoidance)

Post Crash Phase

Secondary SafetySecondary Safety(injury reduction)(injury reduction)

Tertiary SafetyTertiary Safety(call for help)(call for help)

Impact PhaseImpact Phase


The technologies are identicalThe technologies are identicalThe technologies are identicalThe technologies are identical


�� Many teams working on applications, connectivityMany teams working on applications, connectivity

�� Technologies developing quickly but poor Technologies developing quickly but poor integration / convergence on standards for integration / convergence on standards for safety, convenience and navigationsafety, convenience and navigation

�� Standards bodies “competition” unwelcome with Standards bodies “competition” unwelcome with end usersend users

�� Introduction of electric vehicles requires new Introduction of electric vehicles requires new style vehiclestyle vehicle——infrastructure linkinginfrastructure linking

�� Getting wireless link A to B easy; response time Getting wireless link A to B easy; response time and data volumes need more thoughtand data volumes need more thought

�� Many teams working on applications, connectivityMany teams working on applications, connectivity

�� Technologies developing quickly but poor Technologies developing quickly but poor integration / convergence on standards for integration / convergence on standards for safety, convenience and navigationsafety, convenience and navigation

�� Standards bodies “competition” unwelcome with Standards bodies “competition” unwelcome with end usersend users

�� Introduction of electric vehicles requires new Introduction of electric vehicles requires new style vehiclestyle vehicle——infrastructure linkinginfrastructure linking

�� Getting wireless link A to B easy; response time Getting wireless link A to B easy; response time and data volumes need more thoughtand data volumes need more thought

CVHS State-of-the-art 1CVHS State-of-the-art 1


�� Communication Architectures mostly ready but Communication Architectures mostly ready but can we futurecan we future--proof? proof?

�� vehicle to vehiclevehicle to vehicle

�� vehicle to infrastructure vehicle to infrastructure

�� in vehicle, including nomadic devices in vehicle, including nomadic devices

�� vehiclevehicle--toto--gridgrid

�� InIn--vehicle devices not being designed to common vehicle devices not being designed to common patterns / standards. patterns / standards. Some understanding of Some understanding of driver distraction and overload; less work on driver distraction and overload; less work on driver underload. HMI research thin. Adriver underload. HMI research thin. All four ll four points could become major Regulatory issupoints could become major Regulatory issueses

�� Communication Architectures mostly ready but Communication Architectures mostly ready but can we futurecan we future--proof? proof?

�� vehicle to vehiclevehicle to vehicle

�� vehicle to infrastructure vehicle to infrastructure

�� in vehicle, including nomadic devices in vehicle, including nomadic devices

�� vehiclevehicle--toto--gridgrid

�� InIn--vehicle devices not being designed to common vehicle devices not being designed to common patterns / standards. patterns / standards. Some understanding of Some understanding of driver distraction and overload; less work on driver distraction and overload; less work on driver underload. HMI research thin. Adriver underload. HMI research thin. All four ll four points could become major Regulatory issupoints could become major Regulatory issueses



�� Role of cellphones still unclear: embedded, Role of cellphones still unclear: embedded, integrated or autonomous ? Decision has integrated or autonomous ? Decision has impact on business casesimpact on business cases

�� Business / payment models differ for safety, Business / payment models differ for safety, climate change and comfort/convenience climate change and comfort/convenience ─ ─ how how do we get them to converge ? Does it matter do we get them to converge ? Does it matter if we can't ?if we can't ?

�� Not yet clear what multiNot yet clear what multi--functionality we need functionality we need eg eg does an edoes an e--Call unit have to deliver Call unit have to deliver infotainment services ?infotainment services ?

�� Role of cellphones still unclear: embedded, Role of cellphones still unclear: embedded, integrated or autonomous ? Decision has integrated or autonomous ? Decision has impact on business casesimpact on business cases

�� Business / payment models differ for safety, Business / payment models differ for safety, climate change and comfort/convenience climate change and comfort/convenience ─ ─ how how do we get them to converge ? Does it matter do we get them to converge ? Does it matter if we can't ?if we can't ?

�� Not yet clear what multiNot yet clear what multi--functionality we need functionality we need eg eg does an edoes an e--Call unit have to deliver Call unit have to deliver infotainment services ?infotainment services ?



�� No clear view on Users' / Regulators’ / No clear view on Users' / Regulators’ / Suppliers’ security, liability and privacy Suppliers’ security, liability and privacy concerns concerns ─ ─ could be a major barriercould be a major barrier

�� No single list of standards and agreed No single list of standards and agreed 'owners‘ 'owners‘ ── unhelpful for application designersunhelpful for application designers

�� Not clear what international body can bring Not clear what international body can bring the players togetherthe players together

�� Not enough lateral integration or Not enough lateral integration or cooperationcooperation

�� No clear view on Users' / Regulators’ / No clear view on Users' / Regulators’ / Suppliers’ security, liability and privacy Suppliers’ security, liability and privacy concerns concerns ─ ─ could be a major barriercould be a major barrier

�� No single list of standards and agreed No single list of standards and agreed 'owners‘ 'owners‘ ── unhelpful for application designersunhelpful for application designers

�� Not clear what international body can bring Not clear what international body can bring the players togetherthe players together

�� Not enough lateral integration or Not enough lateral integration or cooperationcooperation



�� Multiple stakeholder relationships:Multiple stakeholder relationships:

�� AsiaAsia--Pacific or Americas or EuropePacific or Americas or Europe

�� Public sector or CommercialPublic sector or Commercial

�� ITS services, telecom bodies, infrastructure ITS services, telecom bodies, infrastructure owners/operatorsowners/operators

�� Too much focus on technology, not enough on Too much focus on technology, not enough on the business and commercial activitiesthe business and commercial activities

�� We need widerWe need wider--ranging crossranging cross--sector sector collaboration; probably coordinated by collaboration; probably coordinated by OECD or UNECE and GovernmentsOECD or UNECE and Governments

�� Multiple stakeholder relationships:Multiple stakeholder relationships:

�� AsiaAsia--Pacific or Americas or EuropePacific or Americas or Europe

�� Public sector or CommercialPublic sector or Commercial

�� ITS services, telecom bodies, infrastructure ITS services, telecom bodies, infrastructure owners/operatorsowners/operators

�� Too much focus on technology, not enough on Too much focus on technology, not enough on the business and commercial activitiesthe business and commercial activities

�� We need widerWe need wider--ranging crossranging cross--sector sector collaboration; probably coordinated by collaboration; probably coordinated by OECD or UNECE and GovernmentsOECD or UNECE and Governments



Energy / “Green” issuesEnergy / “Green” issues

Road SafetyRoad Safety

The new managed transport worldThe new managed transport worldThe new managed transport worldThe new managed transport world

Support to national economySupport to national economy

Active Active network network

managementmanagement, reduced , reduced open accessopen access

Documents

Professor Eric Sampson -2 - yPanel · Introduction of electric vehicles requires new style vehiclestyle vehicle——infrastructure linking infrastructure linking Getting wireless