Professional Practise- Unit 1 Finallyyy

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Unit 1(((No extra info providedeverything according to syl.

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ROLE OF AN ARCHITECT

When we think of an architect, we think of the person who is the

ultimate designer of a building, and in a way this is true. But

most often, a very collaborative process leads to a finished

structure. Its the architect who develops the overall concept and

design of a building, and who monitors the execution in order to

make sure it complies with the original vision. But its the

engineer who analyzes the design and determines its functional

feasibility.

In addition to designing the building's appearance, an

architect must be conscious of how different structural materials

are used, and how they will affect the overall building, as well as

having an understanding of and involvement with heating and

cooling systems, ventilation, electrical, and plumbing systems -

although the construction details for these are worked out by

structural, civil, environmental, and mechanical engineers.

Architects often oversee interior design and furnishings, as well

as landscaping. Moreover, they are ultimately responsible for

ensuring that the building complies with all zoning laws, building

codes, fire regulations, and other ordinances.

A simplistic view of the role is that architects create architectures,

and their responsibilities encompass all that is involved in doing

so. This would include articulating the architectural vision,

conceptualizing and experimenting with alternative architectural

approaches, creating models and component andinterface

specification documents, and validating the architecture against
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requirements and assumptions. However, any experienced

architect knows that the role involves not just these technical

activities, but others that are more political and strategic in

nature on the one hand, and more like those of a consultant, on

the other.

These activities drive the competencies that the architect needs

to be successful. We present a competency framework that helps

architects assess areas for their own personal development, and

managers in identifying who is a good fit for the architect role.

As an architect, you need a thorough knowledge of your

organizations products, relevant technologies and development

processes. But even in the technical area, your key activities are

different than those of developers.

Activities include articulating the architecture vision,

conceptualizing and experimenting with alternative architectural

approaches, creating models and component and interface

specification documents, validating the architecture against

requirements and assumptions, preparing documents and

explaining the architecture to sponsors and stakeholders.

Individually, young

architects must improve their understanding of the profession in

order to work well inside of it and to help the public understandit. They must learn from their own experience and from that of

older architects.


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If the public better understood what architects are required and

wish to do, then the architects role in improving society can beimproved. The public would be able to support architects better

in that role and allow themselves to be educated by architects on

what can be done to improve the built environment.

ARCHITECTURE PROFESSION AS COMPARED TO OTHER

PROFESSIONS


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Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings

and other physical structures.

Architecture is about the making of places where people spend

their lives. Architects are not just concerned with the exterior and

interior design of a building, but the environment as a whole.

Architecture is mostly about human beings living in a better way

than before. Social sciences and psychology is as important as

nanotechnology in sustainable materials

Overall job opportunities in engineering are expected to be good,

but will vary by specialty. A bachelors degree is required for

most entry-level jobs. Starting salaries are significantly higher

than those of college graduates in other fields. Continuingeducation is critical for engineers wishing to enhance their value

to employers as technology evolves.

Engineers apply the principles of science and mathematics to

develop economical solutions to technical problems. Their work

is the link between perceived social needs and commercial

applications.

Engineers consider many factors when developing a new

product. For example, in developing an industrial robot,

engineers precisely specify the functional requirements; design

and test the robots components; integrate the components to

produce the final design; and evaluate the designs overall

effectiveness, cost, reliability, and safety. This process applies to

the development of many different products, such as chemicals,

computers, gas turbines, helicopters, and toys.

Engineers use computers extensively to produce and analyze

designs; to simulate and test how a machine, structure, or

system operates; and to generate specifications for parts. Many

engineers also use computers to monitor product quality and


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control process efficiency. The field of nanotechnology, which

involves the creation of high-performance materials and

components by integrating atoms and molecules, also is

introducing entirely new principles to the design process.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PROFESSION AND BUSINESS

Business:

It involves an activity relating to purchase and sale of goods withan objective of earning profit.

It does not necessitate specialized study of knowledge. The primary objective of the business is maximization of profit. It involves huge amount of capital. The entire process of business involves risks.

Profession:

It involves rendering of specialized services for a reward called afee.

Profession necessitates specialized study, training andknowledge.

It involves element of service in exchange of an economicreward.

It involves less amount of capital. Though risk is there in profession, it is negligible.

Following are the main difference between business and

profession.

1. Minimum qualification

No qualification is required to start a business.

A minimum technical or academic qualification is needed to


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join a profession.

2. Capital

An adequate amount of capital is required to run the business

efficiently.

Real capital is the competency and specialized knowledge ofthe profession.

3. Objective

The main objective of the business is to earn profits.

Service first, profit second is the main objective of the

profession.

4. Risk

There is an element of risk in the business.

In profession, there is minimum risk.

5. Secrecy

The secrecy in the business transactions is not necessary.

A professional must maintain the secrecy of dealings with his

clients.

6. Code of Conduct

There is no specific code of conduct for the business.

There is a code of conduct for every profession for regulating

their dealings.

7. Specialization A businessman need not to have a specialized knowledge for

starting a business

A professional must have a specialized knowledge in the

profession which he wants to join.


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8. Advertisement

Generally, the goods are advertised in business to increase

sales.

Advertisement is prohibited in all the professions according to

their code of conduct.

9. Criteria of Efficiency

Profits in business is the only criteria of efficiency.

Quality of service rendered is the basis of measuring the

efficiency.

10. Transferability

One can easily transfer his interest in business to other. For

example father can transfer his business to his son.

Profession involves the specialized knowledge which can not

be transferred to any other person.

ARCHITECT'S REGISTRATION

In each State and Territory is a legal requirement that any

person using the title 'architect' or offering services to the public

as an architect, must be registered with the Architects' Board in

that jurisdiction.

Each State and Territory has its own Architects' Board. Generally,

the following three steps outline the requirements for registration

as an architect in a State or Territory :

Step 1 of the process

You should have a qualification in architecture from school of

architecture and would like to find out about the accreditation

status of your qualification,. You should have a qualification in


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architecture from an overseas school of architecture and would

like to find out about assessment of your qualification,

Step 2 of the process

After you have satisfied the academic requirements set out in

step one, you will be required to undertake a period of practical

experience, followed by the Architectural Practice Examination

(APE).

Step 3 of the Process

Having completed the requirements of steps one and two, you

must apply for registration to the Architects' Board in the State or

Territory in which you wish to practice, pay the fees determined

by the Board and provide all information as required by theBoard.

Read about IIA how much ever u can orels u can even skip;-):-

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THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS

History

The history of The Indian Institute of Architects is one of

absorbing interest. Unfolding the scenes throughout the years,

it speaks in its manifold aspects, of the struggles and

influence of architectural education from one solitary centre

throughout India, of the rebirth and youth of a profession

which the Country had almost forgotten, of a struggle for

existence and the need to have the meaning and value of

Architecture and architectural service understood andattempts and experiments towards a new stage in the

architecture of the country. In the Renaissance or reawakening

of India, the Institute has its due place in the sphere of

Architecture.


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Its history is also one of men with vision and ideals, men who

had at heart, the welfare of architecture and the profession

and who with such a goal, helped to lay and build up the

foundations of an architectural future fraught with the finest

possibilities conceivable.

THE ARCHITECTURAL STUDENT'S ASSOCIATION (1917-22)

On May - 12th, 1917, the first historic meeting was held in

Mr. Foster King's bungalow, set in the sylvan surroundings of

the School of Art compound. It was here, according to a

tablet on the building, that the famous Rudyard Kipling was

born on the 30th December 1865. One may well imagine what

the scene must have been then, for some of the beautifulsurroundings of trees and greenery are fortunately still

preserved in the very heart of a great industrial and

commercial city. In such a setting of beauty and peace, the

child that was to grow up into the Indian Institute of

Architects, was also born.

At the first meeting held, the members present decided to

form themselves into an association of the past students ofArchitecture of Sir J.J. School of Art and it was decided to

christen the infant "The Architectural Students Association".

Late Mr. George Wittet, the then Consulting Architect to the

Government of Bombay, was unanimously elected as the first

"President" of the Association.

THE BOMBAY ARCHITECTURAL ASSOCIATION (1922-29)

The activities of the Association showed, steady progress and

after Professor Cable's term of office, Mr. Batley was elected

President in 1921, and it was about this time, that members

began to seriously consider an improvement in status of the

Association. The word "Students" seemed inapt for a body


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"To continue the work of the Bombay Architectural

Association founded as the Architectural Student's

Association in 1917" and

"To encourage the study of Architecture, to elevate the

standard of Architectural Practice and by mutual support, to

promote the interests of Architects throughout India".

The Institute began its activities in the room of the Sohrab F.

Bharoocha Architectural Library, 7-10, Elphinston Circle,

Bombay and this therefore was the first permanent

headquarters for the various activities of the Institute. Later,

as things improved, the Institute and Library moved into the

new and more convenient quarters which it at presentoccupies at Prospect Chambers Annexe, Hornby Road, now

Dr. Dadabhai Naoroji Road, Mumbai - 400 001.

In 1929, the membership was 158. Today it has crossed the

12000 mark.

Legal Status of the Institute

The Indian Institute of Architects is registered under the

Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860 as a voluntary

organisation of Architects. The only other organisation at the

national level is the Council of Architecture established under

the Architects Act 1972 with the statutory duty of Registration.

COUNCIL OF ARCHITECTURE (COA)

The Council of Architecture (COA) has been constituted by the

Government of India under the provisions of the Architects Act,

1972, enacted by the Parliament of India, which came into force

on 1st September, 1972. The Act provides for registration of

Architects, standards of education, recognized qualifications and


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standards of practice to be complied with by the practicing

architects. The Council of Architecture is charged with the

responsibility to regulate the education and practice of profession

throughout India besides maintaining the register of architects.

For this purpose, the Government of India has framed Rules and

Council of Architecture has framed Regulations as provided for in

the Architects Act, with the approval of Government of India.

Any person desirous of carrying on the profession of 'Architect'

must have registered himself with Council of Architecture. For the

purpose of registration, one must possess the requisite

qualification as appended to the Architects Act, after having

undergone the education in accordance with the Council of

Architecture (Minimum Standards of Architectural Education)

Regulations, 1983.

The registration with Council of Architecture entitles a person to

practice the profession of architecture, provided he holds a

Certificate of Registration with up-to-date renewals. The

registration also entitles a person to use the title and style of

Architect. The title and style of architect can also be used by a

firm of architects, of which all partners are registered with COA.

Limited Companies, Private/Public Companies, societies and

other juridical persons are not entitled to use the title and style of

architect nor are they entitled to practice the profession of

architecture.

If any person falsely claims to be registered or misuses title and

style of architect, such acts tantamount to committing of a

criminal offence, which is punishable under section 36 or 37 (2)

of the Architects Act, 1972.


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The practice of profession of an architect is governed by the

Architects (Professional Conduct) Regulations, 1989 (as

amended in 2003), which deals with professional ethics and

etiquette, conditions of engagement and scale of charges,

architectural competition guidelines etc. Pursuant to these

Regulations, the Council of Architecture has framed guidelines

governing the various aspects of practice. An architect is required

to observe professional conduct as stipulated in the Regulations

of 1989 and any violation thereof shall constitute a professional

misconduct, which will attract disciplinary action as stipulated

under section 30 of the Architects Act, 1972.

There are 280 institutions, which impart architectural education in

India leading to recognized qualifications. The standards of

education being imparted in these institutions (constituent

colleges/departments of universities, deemed universities,

affiliated colleges/schools, IITs, NITs and autonomous

institutions) is governed by Council of Architecture (Minimum

Standards of Architectural Education) Regulations, 1983, which

set forth the requirement of eligibility for admission, course

duration, standards of staff & accommodation, course content,

examination etc. These standards as provided in the said

Regulations are required to be maintained by the institutions. The

COA oversees the maintenance of the standards periodically by

way of conducting inspections through Committees of Experts.The COA is required to keep the Central Government informed of

the standards being maintained by the institutions and is

empowered to make recommendations to the Government of

India with regard to recognition and de-recognition of a

qualification.


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OTHER ORGANISATIONS

American Architectural Manufacturers Association AAMA is

the source of performance standards, product certification and

educational programs for the fenestration industry.

American Design Drafting Association ADDA is exclusively for

the professional designer drafter in all disciplines including

manufacturing, utilities, construction, engineering, government

and education.

American Institute of ArchitectsAIA has represented the

architectural profession with resources and tools for over 135

years.

American Institute of Building Design AIBD is a nonprofit

professional organization dedicated to the development,recognition, and enhancement of the profession of building

design.

American Memory Library of Congress: Built in America:

Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American

Engineering Record Queryarchives black and white photographs,

drawings and other data pertaining to historic structures.

American National Standards Institute ANSI serves asadministrator and coordinator of the United States private sector

voluntary standardization system.

Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board

serves the nation as the only independent federal agency whose

primary mission is accessibility for people with disabilities.

Architecture for Humanityis a registered nonprofitorganization founded in 1999 to seek and promote architectural

and design solutions to global, social and humanitarian crises.

Association of Wall and Ceiling Industries International AWCI

represents acoustics systems, ceiling systems, drywall systems,

exterior insulation and finishing systems, fireproofing, flooring
http://www.aamanet.org/http://www.adda.org/http://www.aia.org/http://www.aibd.org/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/hhquery.htmlhttp://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/hhquery.htmlhttp://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/hhquery.htmlhttp://web.ansi.org/http://www.access-board.gov/http://www.architectureforhumanity.org/http://www.awci.org/http://www.awci.org/http://www.architectureforhumanity.org/http://www.access-board.gov/http://web.ansi.org/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/hhquery.htmlhttp://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/hhquery.htmlhttp://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/hhquery.htmlhttp://www.aibd.org/http://www.aia.org/http://www.adda.org/http://www.aamanet.org/


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systems, insulation, and stucco contractors, suppliers and

manufacturers and those in allied trades.

Construction Specifications Canada CSC is a multi-

disciplinary, non-profit association dedicated to the

improvement of communication, contract documentation, and

technical information in the construction industry. International Organization for Standardization IOS promotes

the development of standardization and related activities.

National Council of Architectural Registration Boards NCARB

is a non-profit federation of 55 state and territory architectural

registration boards in the United States.

National Institute of Building Sciences National CAD Standard

NIBS is the building community's connection to the authoritative

national source of knowledge and advice on matters of building

regulation, science and technology.

National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST was

established by Congress as an agency of the U.S. Department

of Commerce's Technology Administration, with a primary

mission to promote U.S. economic growth by working with

industry to develop and apply technology, measurements, and

standards. National Organization of Minority ArchitectsNOMA has as its

mission the building of a strong national organization, strong

chapters and strong members for the purpose of minimizing the

effect of racism in the profession.

Royal Architectural Institute of Canada RAIC established in

1907, RAIC is a voluntary national association representing

architects, faculty and graduates of Canadian Schools ofArchitecture.

Society of American Registered Architects SARA, founded in

1956, includes the participation of all architects, regardless of

their roles in the architectural community.

Texas Board of Architectural ExaminersTBAE protects the
http://www.csc-dcc.ca/http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/ISOOnline.frontpagehttp://www.ncarb.org/index.htmlhttp://www.nibs.org/http://www.nist.gov/http://www.noma.net/http://www.raic.org/http://sara-national.org/http://www.tbae.state.tx.us/http://www.tbae.state.tx.us/http://sara-national.org/http://www.raic.org/http://www.noma.net/http://www.nist.gov/http://www.nibs.org/http://www.ncarb.org/index.htmlhttp://www.iso.ch/iso/en/ISOOnline.frontpagehttp://www.csc-dcc.ca/


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public's life, health, safety, welfare, and property by preventing

the unauthorized practice of architecture, landscape

architecture, and interior design.

Texas Society of Architects TSA is a member association

representing the members of the American Institute of Architects

in Texas. Founded in 1939, TSA is made up of 17 regionalchapters; the Society is headquartered in Austin.

The Charles Moore Foundation is dedicated to the

advancement of architecture, guided by the values and thinking

central to Charles W. Moore's teaching, writing and practice.

Whole Building Design GuideWBDG The goal is to create a

successful high-performance building by applying the integrated

design approach to a project during the planning and

programming phases.

AN ARCHITECTS APPROACH TO WORKS:

The sketch is a window into the architects mind. As creative

designers, architects are interested in how other architects,

particularly successful ones, think through the use of drawings toapproach their work. Historically designers have sought

inspiration for their own work through an insight into the minds

and workings of people they often regard as geniuses. This

collection of sketches aims to provide this insight. Here for the

first time, a wide range of world famous architects' sketches

from the Renaissance to the present day can be seen in a single

volume. As creative designers themselves, architects areinterested in how other architects, particularly successful ones,

think and draw and approach their work. Historically designers

have sought inspiration for their own work through an insight into

the minds and workings of people they often regard as geniuses.
http://www.texasarchitect.org/http://www.charlesmoore.org/http://www.wbdg.org/index.phphttp://www.wbdg.org/index.phphttp://www.charlesmoore.org/http://www.texasarchitect.org/


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In the course of their work, architects do a variety of things: of

course they design, which means they plan, they visualise, they

relate, they select, they discard, they synthesise, they develop

solutions.

They draw: From simple diagrams to show relationships between

spaces or activities to complete detailed working drawings

showing every last detail and from which contractors and sub-

contractors will estimate the cost of the work and subsequently

construct it.

Architects will also draw in order to explain the design to clients

and to supervisory authorities and will frequently prepare three-

dimensional models. Sometimes they are rough study models formassing and building organisation; sometimes very realistic

models for client or public presentation.

They write: In addition to business correspondence and

administrative paperwork, architects prepare written

documentation of their projects, present programmatic analysis,

write material for reports and presentations, produce articles for

professional magazines and publications, and, of course, writeup specifications which, in company with the working drawings,

define the building.

They speak: Architects make presentations to clients, discuss

design programs and problems and alternative solutions, appear

before public bodies as experts and are frequently referring,

explaining, teaching and persuading. The ability to communicate

clearly and effectively is essential.

They calculate: They must be able to prepare construction and

office budgets; they must be able to understand structural

analysis, heat loads, electrical distribution and traffic flow.


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They manage: Architects must manage their design projects from

ideas to the complete development/ design/ construction

process. During the construction phase, architects carry out

contract administration, which includes general, review of the

work in progress; they interpret drawings and specifications,

resolve job difficulties and monitor the progress of the work

WAYS OF GETTING WORK:

- By the client approaching the Architect knowing hisreputation.

- Getting work by participating in the design competitions.- By recommendations- By publicity to certain extent.- People approaching an Architect for the reputation he has in

the market.

- By technical capabilities and financial bids.- Depending on the past performance.- The types of projects in hand.

TYPES OF WORKS TAKEN UP BY AN ARCHITECT:

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

The primary objective of Structural Design is to evolve a strong,

durable and an efficient skeleton so that the space whicharchitecture encloses, and the form in which it expresses itself as

interior content and an exterior container, becomes an organic

extension of one another. In other words, the architect's

contribution to structural design can effectively bring about


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qualitative change in the built-environment to stimulate the

advancement of society towards a higher order of civilization.

URBAN DESIGN

Urban Design is architecture of the cities, highly complex and

gargantuan in scale. The primary aim of urban design is toimbibe and maintain a sense of identity and harmony among

buildings, open spaces and other structures by means of a

pleasant and memorable visual imagery throughout the length

and breadth of an urban setting. Accessibility at city-level and

the movement at all levels must be designed to operate

smoothly. Volumetric relationships, harmonious spatial

sequences, transition from buildings to open spaces, streetscapeand the services infrastructure must together invest a townscape

with an exclusive imageability.

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

Landscape Architecture deals with the analysis, planning, design,

management, preservation and rehabilitation of land and also

determines the environmental impact. It is a science capable ofobjective analysis and synthesis leading to an ecologically-

sensitive design, which is self-sustainable. It integrates from the

very conception, the elements of architecture, urban design and

civil engineering for meaningful and practical solutions. It involves

dealing with such sites as office plazas/ public squares,

highways, city parks/ national parks, housing developments,

institutional campuses, zoological and botanical parks.

INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE

In case of Interior Architecture, the primary objective is to

generate a purposeful ambience such as would stimulate the

user's creative potential through multifarious activities. It must


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facilitate the individual's sense of orientation, identification and

eventual appropriation of architectural spaces,that meld the

interiors and exteriors into symbiotic relationships through varied

experiences of scale, volume, light and shade. The development

of design is a very conscious act and it infuses life into interiors

subconsciously.

Apart from these Architects can and do perform a variety of

design and construction related services. However, not all

architects or architectural firms provide the same services. You

will want to spend some time thinking about the services that you

would want to use if you seek help from an architect. Some of

these services are as follows:

Design Work

The architect can draw plans and specifications, including

structural, mechanical, electrical, plumbing, interior space design

(for both utility and visual impact), and special design

considerations (such as for the handicapped). The architect may

also offer landscaping design services, or solutions to the use of

outside space (for example, design of entrance areas, how to

maximize the use of shared outside space, or the design of off-

street parking and outside storage areas).

Contractor Selection

Most architects have worked with or are aware of a variety of

different kinds of contractors. They can identify candidate

contractors according to such preferences as: the project

budget, the type and size of the project, the perceivedcompatibility of the personalities of the owner and contractor,

and the contractors interest in and availability to work on the

project. The architect can also help you interview contractors and

participate or advise you in the process of obtaining bids or

negotiating a price for the project.


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Permits

The architect can assist you in any required permits.

Construction Administration -Initially, this would involve working

with the contractor to discuss questions about the project, to

make sure the contractor and architect are in agreement about

the design, specifications and other details before the project

starts. At this time the contractor would provide the owner with

the necessary property/liability insurance for the job. Once the

job starts, the architect would begin receiving monthly materials

and labor invoices from the contractor. The architect would make

regular visits to verify the materials and work being billed, monitor

project progress (including keeping the project on budget), and

answer questions. After the architect verifies each monthsinvoices, they would be forwarded to the owner for payment.

Throughout the project, the architect would obtain applicable

materials warranties and lien releases for materials and labor. At

the end of the project, the architect would develop a punch list

of additional work or corrections that need to be performed, and

administer to other details necessary to close out the project.

TENDER DRAWINGS-New, repair and maintenance, restoration,

demolition drawings are also made by an Architect

CONDITIONS OF ENGAGEMENT BETWEEN ARCHITECT AND

CLIENT:

The Council of Architecture has prescribed the Conditions of

Engagement based on general practice of the profession in

India. These documents are applicable to all registered architects

and such architects who have specialized in areas such as

Structural Design, Urban Design, City Planning, Landscape

Architecture, Interior Architecture and Architectural Conservation.

1.RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE ARCHITECT


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-The work of an architect is to study his clients' needs, to

advise, to prepare, direct and coordinate design and to generally

inspect the works and administer the building contract. The

architect must have the authority of his client before initiating any

service or Work Stage.

2.CONSULTANTS

-On the recommendation of the architect, the client shall appoint

and pay consulting engineers, other consultants, or surveyors

who shall be subject to the direction and control of the architect.

the architect's charges do not include charges for consulting

engineers and/or other consultants.

3.COPYRIGHT

-The provisions of this Section shall apply without prejudice to

the architect's lien on drawings and Specifications against unpaid

fees.

4.INSPECTION

-During his on-site inspection made in accordance with Clause1.01.04 the Architect shall endeavor to guard the client against

defects and deficiencies in the work of the contractor, but shall

not be required to make exhaustive or continuous inspections to

check the quality or quantity of the work.

5. DELAY AND CHANGES IN INSTRUCTIONS

-Extra work and expense caused in any Stage of the architect'sservices resulting from unreasonable delay in receiving

instructions, delays in building operations, changes in the client's

instructions, phased contracts, bankruptcy, liquidation or

determination of the contractor or any other cause beyond the


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control of the architect, shall be additionally charged on a time

basis.

6. REMUNERATION

-The services normally provided by an architect in studying his

client's needs, advising him, preparing, directing andcoordinating design and inspecting work executed under the

building contract as described

7. SPECIALIST SUB-CONTRACTORS AND SUPPLIERS

-The architect may recommend that specialist sub-contractors

and suppliers should design and execute any part of the work.

He will be responsible for the direction and integration of theirdesign, and for general inspection of their work in accordance

with Stage E of the Basic Services, but not for the detailed

design or performance of the work entrusted to them.

8. INTERREPTATION AND ARBITRATION

-Any question arising out of these Conditions may be referred in

writing by the architect or client to the TTIA for advice providedalways that any difference or dispute between them is

determined in accordance with Clause 1.08.02.

COMMENCEMENT OF WORK:

- Marking with reference points.-

Soil investigation by the Geological survey( minimumprerequisite things before approvals)

- Footing and column layout with reference points.


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- Inspection of the site. Every work on the site should becertified and approved by the architect. Specifications,

Quality, Alterations or deviations should be taken care of.

- Bill of Quantity and Quality should be done. Variation bills fordifferent quantities should be made. Measurement book is

maintained at the site for billing.

THE ENNDdddddd !!!!!!

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Professional Practise- Unit 1 Finallyyy