Professional Practices (Lecture 1-4)

8/10/2019 Professional Practices (Lecture 1-4)

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ProfessionalPractices(Lecture 1-4)Prepared by:

Madeeha Fatima

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Why Computing

Question:Why do you want to graduate incomputing field?

Answer: Depends on your interest and whata particular organization do.

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Common things in everyorganization

Apart from technical requirements three thingsare common in every organization:

Communication Skills (most probably youhave studied in previous semester)

Team work (you will learn it by doing your finalproject)

Business and Professional Environment (themain reason to learn Professional Practicescourse)

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What is Computing?

Definition:

requiring, getting benefit from, creating

computers Sub Fields:

Computer Sciences

Computer Engineering

Software Engineering Information Systems

Information Technology

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Computer Sciences Definition

Computer science (CS) spans the range from theory through

programming to cutting-edge development of computingsolutions. CS falls into basically the following categories designing and building software developing effective ways to solve computing

problems, such as storing information in databases,sending data over networks or providing newapproaches to security problems; and

Devising new and better ways of using computers andaddressing particular challenges in areas such asrobotics, computer vision etc.

Planning and managing organizational technologyinfrastructure.

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Computer Engineering Definition:

Computer engineering (CE) students study the designof digital hardware and software systems includingcommunications systems, computers and devices thatcontain computers. For them, programming is focusedon digital devices and their interfaces with users andother devices. An important area within computingengineering is the development of embedded systems.Devices such as cell phones, digital audio players,digital video recorders, alarm systems, x-ray machines,and laser surgical tools all require integration ofhardware and embedded software, and are all theresult of computer engineering.

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Software EngineeringSoftware engineering (SE) is concerned withdeveloping and maintaining software systems

that behave reliably and efficiently, areaffordable to develop and maintain, and satisfyall the requirements that customers havedefined for them. It is important because of theimpact of large, expensive software systemsand the role of software in safety-criticalapplications. It integrates significantmathematics, computer science and practiceswhose origins are in engineering.

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Information SystemsInformation systems (IS) is concerned with theinformation that computer systems can provide toaid a company, non-profit or governmental

organization in defining and achieving its goals. It isalso concerned with the processes that an enterprisecan implement and improve using informationtechnology. IS professionals must understand bothtechnical and organizational factors, and must beable to help an organization determine howinformation and technology-enabled businessprocesses can provide a foundation for superiororganizational performance. They serve as a bridgebetween the technical and managementcommunities within an organization

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Information Technology

Focuses on computing infrastructure andneeds of individual users; tends to involve a

study of systems (perhaps just softwaresystems, but perhaps also systems in supportof learning, of information dissemination,etc.).

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Profession

Terms:

Profession, Professional, Professionalismcarry a whole variety of meaning in contextof:

Simple meaning:(simply descriptive e.g. a

professional writer)

Commendatory meaning(e.g. aprofessional piece of work)

Pejorative meaning: (a professional foul)

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Profession cont.

A profession differs country wise in terms of:

Legal and social status

Obligations and privileges

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What makes a profession

Definition:

Chambers 20th Century Dictionary defines

profession, in the sense in which we areinterested, as:

an employment not mechanical and

requiring some degree of learning; a calling,habitual employment; the collective body of

persons engaged in any profession;

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What makes a professioncont...Our main focus is on the second part of the definitioncollective body

What is a Collective Body?The management or group of people related to specificprofession:

It controls entry to the profession;

It is self governing and self regulatory, in the sense that itestablishes and enforces a code of conduct on itsmembers;

It is established by statute (Act of Higher authorities likegovernment, parliament) which defines the extent of itsauthority and requires it to undertake certain duties andresponsibilities.

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Fields which are accountablefor crime

Professions which lies according to thisdefinition:

Medicine, Architecture, and MechanicalEngineering etc.

Professions which do not lie according tothis definition:

Teaching

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Structure of the Engineering

Internationally the structure ofengineering is two tier

First Level ( Engineering Institutes)

Second Level (Engineering Council)

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First Level Engineering Institutes Which are the chartered professional bodies,

each of which covers a single or several closelyrelated engineering discipline e.g.IEE, BCS, IMEetc..

Each institution has its own code of practiceand conduct.

IEE take software engineers for developingprograms for systems like safety critical.

BCSdeals with the issues like legal protection ofsoftware, data protection, law relating to misuseof computer and safety critical systems.

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Second Level Engineering Council:

a chartered body which recognizes certainengineering institutions.

acts as an umbrella body and represents theinterests of the engineering profession as a whole.

Main function: maintain the register of qualifiedengineers & technician (around 2,90,000 people are

registered already) through courses like CharteredEngineer, Incorporated Engineer, Engineertechnician.

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A little History of Engineeringterm

Before 18thcentury the term engineeringwas only used for military engineers who

construct and repair war engines. Later in18thcentury this term was started using forother engineering professions.

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Professional Practices (Lecture 1-4)