Prof. T. G. SITHARAMChairman, Centre for infrastructure, Sustainable Transport and Urban Planning (CiSTUP),

Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560012Email: sitharam@civil.iisc.ernet.in

URBAN MOBILITY

Traditional transport planning aims to improve mobility, especially for vehicles, and may fail to adequately consider wider impacts.

The real purpose of transport is to provide access for the citizens to work, education, friends and family, and goods and services.

A sustainable transport system is one that is accessible, safe, environmentally-friendly, and affordable.

Cities should improve the sustainability of their transport networks to create more vibrant, livable, sustainable cities.

Why Urban Mobility Matters ?

Citizens expect high levels of mobility. Sustainable urban mobility is essential for:

– Guaranteeing citizens a high quality of accessibility and life

– Facilitating economic development of cities, thus helping growth and employment

– Respecting the environment and ensuring sustainable development

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INDIA - THE BIG PICTUREINDIA - THE BIG PICTURE About 8 Mega cities (>10 million) and 200 cities more than 2,00,000 population – by

2014. Many tier II & III cities in all the states are urbanizing and growing rapidly drawing lots of people from villages /elsewhere with increased access to jobs and urban facilities

Motor vehicles: 12 motor vehicles per 100 persons. In Automotive industry, India is one of the largest in the world and one of the fastest growing globally. India manufactures over 11 million 2 and 4-wheeled vehicles and exports about 1.5 million every year. As of 2009, India is home to 40 million passenger vehicles and more than 2.6 million cars were sold in India in 2009 (an increase of 26%),

Adhoc planning in all cities But not many institutions to think and speak on how cities and transportation can go

in an organic and integrated fashion. It is a tribute to India that it is still working!

Number of cars sold : 23000 (1975) 26,00,000 (2010)Number of car models: 3 (1975) 50+ (in 2010)]

Price of Petrol: Rs 3.39 per liter (1975) Rs 55 per liter (2010)

CHALLENGES FACED BY CITIES

Congestion– Increase of traffic in urban areas is causing congestion - this costs

to citizens and businesses– Parking – Major problem – Portion of road is occupied by Parking

Energy consumption– Urban mobility - faced by the domination of oil as a transport fuel.

Climate change– Urban mobility accounts for 40% of all CO2 emissions of road

transport. Health issues

– towns and cities face increasing air pollution and noise problems, which impact on citizens health.

Safety and security– road fatalities take place in urban areas - pedestrians and cyclists

are the most vulnerable victims.

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Impact of Global Economic ChangeUrbanization, More cars & other vehicles, pollution, congestion, infrastructure development

Problems of Transport

Increasing Traffic intensity

Road Congestion parking

Accidents

Other Urban Issues

Urban Flooding

Garbage Disposal

Air Pollution

Urban Sprawl

Water

BANGALORE METROPOLITAN REGION BMTC :

– Buses : 6083 Routes operated : 5890 Total Trip Lengths : 12.73 Lakh km

– Total Trips : 79,754 – Passengers carried : 4.2 million passengers per

day.– 583 city and 1785 sub urban routes, running 13

lakhs kilometers and making 76266 trips

Metro Rail: – 42 Kms under construction at the cost of Rs

8158 Crores. – Estimated passengers per day: 16.1 lakh (2021)

Mono Rail: Feasibility study - 54.2 Kms

Commuter rail: Under discussion with Indian

railways

Number of Auto rickshaw’s 100,000 Radio taxis / cabs Car Pool / Car Sharing

http://www.carpooling.in/city/Bangalore (http://www.commuteeasy.com)

Shared Taxis/ Autos

• BMRDA Area: 8005 sq.kms Urban: 2191 sq.kms • Population:

8.4 million in BBMP area (800 sq.km).

•Vehicle Population: 3.89 million as on March 2010

16.5 million daily vehicle trips in 2031.

•6000 K.Ms road length

•Modal Share: PT: 30%; 2-W:

21.4%;Cars: 4.5%;Walk: 34.5% Cycle: 4%(source: CTTS)

Mono Rail/LRT system

Metro Phase I

BRT System

Commuter Rail

Comprehensive Traffic and transport System for Bangalore

Core Ring Road

Outer Ring Road

Peripheral Ring

Road

Airport Link

Major road widening project in and around Bangalore - executed by the state PWD with a cost of about Rs 1,000 crores.

- a total of 46 roads were widened under this project,

ROAD NETWORK IN AND AROUND BANGALORE

Traffic Management Centre in Bangalore

Traffic management centre – 330 signals operational in the city of Bangalore – vehicle actuated signals,

direction boards, pedestrian components, disable friendly auditory signals.– All of the signals are centrally controlled from traffic management centre (TMC)

with IP based network

– Optimization of timing of signals and pattern– Surveillance cameras and enforcement cameras– Real time traffic information to public– Parking information system

Traffic helpline A High end software application ‘Traffic Silverlight’ provides

sophisticated GUI for monitoring and managing signals . Signal timings can be changed from the Traffic Management Centre

as and when desired. Virtual loops with the help of CCTV cameras are also used for traffic

control and monitoring.

Reasons for Unsustainable Transport

Absence of a integrated city development strategies – Need for Integrated Metropolitan Land transport authority

Unsustainable transport policies driven by meeting demand by creating additional infrastructures (construction of underpasses, flyovers, road widening works, etc.)

Governance problems where politics won over technocratic advice.

Ineffective Integrated transport planning and modal connectivity's

Little data about the success or failure of implementation in achieving policy goals

Framework for AchievingSustainable Urban Transport

Planning– Vision for a livable city and city

master plan Land use planning Transport master plan

Design Integrated Transport Systems

– Public transport – commuter rail, metro rail, mono rail, commuter rail, city buses, taxis, autos

– Intermodal Transportation Hubs to connect different modes

– Promotion of Walking and cycling– Private vehicles– Trucks and freight movement

Analyses– Political– Economic– Social– Technical– Environmental

Implementation and Monitoring

– Technical support– Stakeholder involvement– Institutional setup– Capacity– Policies– Financing

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Urban Mobility in India - NeedsUrban Mobility in India - Needs Increase average speed of public transport buses – Bus

priority Lanes, Direction oriented services and BRT systems Transit planning / transportation hubs NMT policy and cycling routes (intermodal connectivity) Additional parking and development of parking policy Use of railways to move large section of urban population –

Metro rail, mono rail and commuter rail services to suburban areas

Use of ITS to optimize the services and occupancy of vehicles Strategies to handle Traffic chaos of heterogeneous mix of

bullock carts to Volvo buses Need for integrated study for city’s traffic and transportation

needs - Creation of Traffic Engineering Cell to collect necessary data

Increase awareness about Safety on roads to common public Improvement of side walks - Integrating Hawkers and Vendors

who have occupied the side walks Trees on Roads / pavements – Some trees need to be cut for

better visibility and mobility ?? Driver education, safety and awareness programmes

NEW CULTURE FOR URBAN MOBILITY

SHARED CARS / NMT POLICIES– Shared taxis/autos– Optimization of the use of private cars –

car sharing/car pools– Promotion of walking and cycling

SMARTER URBAN TRANSPORT– High quality information for better mobility– Intelligent transport systems and traffic

management– Smart charging

Better organized freight transport

ACCESSIBLE URBAN TRANSPORT– Collective transport accessible and

affordable for all citizens– Interconnection of urban and sub-urban

networks– Co-modality: optimization and integration

of transport modes

GREENER TOWNS AND CITIES– New technologies to increase energy

efficiency, increased use of alternative fuels

– Green procurement– Traffic restrictions and green zones– Eco-driving

SAFETY AND SECURITY IN URBAN TRANSPORT

– Safer behaviour, infrastructures and vehicles

– Cross-border enforcement of traffic sanctions

– Facing security as a growing threat

A NEW CULTURE FOR URBAN MOBILITY– Change of behaviour by Education,

training and awareness raising , Supported by better data and information about urban mobility

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