Prof. Spirkins recollections of his experience of working in the secret laboratory: One of the authors of the Before Reading_ MAIN About the Author Alexander Spirkin Read and Think Environmental Issues Group Discussion A corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Dialectical Materialism Alexander Spirkin A prominent scientist, a well-known Soviet philosopher and psychologist. Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Director of the Department of General Problems of Dialectical Materialism at the Academy Institute of Philosophy. Used to be the first director of a secret laboratory of clairvoyants in the USSR. Before Reading_1.1 I still know nothing about the results of those scientific works with remote viewers even so many years after. Soviet military officials were interested in our work, too. They listened to my lectures with great interest. On many occasions I was taken to secret military headquarters, the whereabouts of which I didnt know either they were taking me there in cars with curtains on the windows. In the end I had to leave the laboratory. New technologies and devices started to appear but I could hardly understand anything about them. A special committee came to check our equipment, and they were shocked to see how outdated it was. The laboratory was not closed. A younger scientist took my place in the lab, but I know nothing about its current activities. About the Author Alexander Spirkin Read and Think Environmental Issues Group Discussion Dialectical Materialism Dialectical Materialism, written by Professor Alexander Spirkin, was published in 1983 by This book is a Leninist philosophy, its central and problems, its historical role and in the complex world of today. It is an attempt to expound the and ideas of this philosophy in a compressed form. Its philosophy and art, man and his in the world, the of human reason, man and culture and many other problems that are not usually on Marxist-Leninist philosophy. Before Reading_1.2 Directions: One of the most famous books written by Alexander Spirkin is Dialectical Materialism where the text comes from. Listen to a brief introduction to the book and try to catch the missing words or phrases for the blanks in the passage. consideration ___________ Progress Publishers________________ significance __________ propositions __________ range _____ encompasses basic principles_____________ existence ________ creative power ____________ examined________ in similar courses of the essence of Marxist- About the Author Alexander Spirkin Read and Think Environmental Issues Group Discussion Dialectical Materialism, Moscow. Before Reading_2 Directions: Read the following poster. Can you understand what the poster means? What information can you learn from it? How do you feel after reading the poster? About the Author Alexander Spirkin Read and Think Environmental Issues Group Discussion Dialectical Materialism The worlds water supply If all earths water fit in a gallon jug, available fresh water would equal just over a tablespoon less than half of one percent of the total. About 97 percent of the planets water is seawater; another two percent is locked in icecaps and glaciers. Vast reserves of fresh water underlie earths surface, but much of it is too deep to economically tap. Before Reading_ What environmental issues do you think are the most pressing now? 2. Can you recognize what environmental issues do the following pictures show? What do you know about them? Share your knowledge with your classmates. About the Author Alexander Spirkin Read and Think Environmental Issues Group Discussion Dialectical Materialism Before Reading_3.2 Deforestation( ) Air Pollution( ) Global Warming( ) Ozone Depletion ( ) About the Author Alexander Spirkin Read and Think Environmental Issues Group Discussion Dialectical Materialism We human beings live on the earth and always keep developing our civilization. Where do you think human civilization is heading? How can we live in harmony with nature? Discuss with your group members and share your experiences with them. Before Reading_4 Directions: About the Author Alexander Spirkin Read and Think Environmental Issues Group Discussion Dialectical Materialism Global Reading_1.1 PartsParas.Main Ideas 1 2 1~2 3~4 Man lives in the realm of nature. He is connected with nature by blood ties and he cannot live outside nature. As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows because the industrial transformation of the earth makes it increasingly difficult to obtain irreplaceable natural resources for the needs of production. True or False Part Division of the Text Questions and Answers Blank Filling Further Understanding Interview 5~7 At present, Mother Nature is being exhausted in resources, contaminated by synthetic products, and troubled by ecological imbalance. The previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole, has shown ominous signs of breaking down. 3 Global Reading_1.1 PartsParas.Main Ideas 8~9 The solution to mannature lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature by all humanity. And the failure to live in harmony with nature and obey its laws would cause fatal disaster. 4 True or False Part Division of the Text Questions and Answers Blank Filling Further Understanding Interview We humans live inside and with the nature. The air, water and food make us constantly of the influence of nature. But we it too. We convert its wealth into ours. is an example to serve our interest. We also plants and animals to different climatic conditions, and by changing the climate, we even plants and animals. ransfert______ Global Reading_2.1 nteracti______ warea_____ lectricity E_______ ransform t_______ ransformt________ True or False Part Division of the Text Questions and Answers Blank Filling Further Understanding Interview Global Reading_2.21 With the development of our society, human beings become more and more independent. The imperfect tools prevented our ancestors from satisfying their needs. People in ancient times tended to see the natures elemental forces as friendly As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows. Despite their imperfect tools, they worked together stubbornly, collectively, and were able to attain results. F( ) F Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man. F( ) True or False Part Division of the Text Questions and Answers Blank Filling Further Understanding Interview Global Reading_2.22 Deforestation originally was due to human s fear of forest. As time goes on, mankind begins to look for other resources to take the place of natural resources As time goes on, mankind becomes increasingly concerned with the question of where and how to obtain irreplaceable natural resources for the needs of production. F( ) T True or False Part Division of the Text Questions and Answers Blank Filling Further Understanding Interview Global Reading_ What signs are given in this part to show that the previous dynamic balance is breaking down? The problem of replaceable resources of the biosphere has become acute. It is getting more difficult to satisfy the needs of human beings and society even for such a substance as fresh water. The problem of eliminating industrial waste is also becoming increasingly complex. 2. What is the feature of modern technology? An ever-increasing abundance of produced and used synthetic goods. 3. Why do young people like synthetic, glittering fabrics that are not good for them? Because they pay more attention to appearance than to health and they will only become aware of this harmful influence as they grow older. True or False Part Division of the Text Questions and Answers Blank Filling Further Understanding Interview Global Reading_ In what way are the synthetic products harmful to the earth? When synthetic products turn into waste, substances that in their original form were not very toxic are transformed into harmful substances in the cycle of natural processes. True or False Part Division of the Text Questions and Answers Blank Filling Further Understanding Interview Global Reading_4 1. How does the writer view the mannature relation? 2. What is the solution to ecological crisis? 3. If human beings go on violating the laws of nature, what will happen? 4. What Oriental wisdom can we use for reference to deal with the mannature relation? Work in pairs to perform an interview. One student plays as the writer, Alexander Spirkin, and the other, a journalist. You two are talking about the man nature relation. Your conversation should be based on part 4, and it should cover the following aspects: Directions: True or False Part Division of the Text Questions and Answers Blank Filling Further Understanding Interview Nature nurtures mankind unselfishly with its rich resources. Yet, man is so carried away in his transformation of nature that he is unaware that it also has limitations and needs constant care. Now worn by the excessive demands of mankind, nature is unable to maintain the ecological balance needed. Humanity is faced with the problem of how to stop, or at least to moderate, the destruction of Mother Nature. Detailed Reading_t0 Detailed Reading Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are constantly surrounded by it and interact with it. Man is constantly aware of the influence of nature in the form of the air he breathes, the water he drinks, and the food he eats. We are connected with nature by blood ties and we cannot live outside nature. Man in the Realm of Nature Alexander Spirkin Detailed Reading_t1 Detailed Reading Man is not only a dweller in nature, he also transforms it. Humanity converts natures wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society. Man has subdued and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society. Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals. As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows. Our distant ancestors lived in fear of natures destructive forces. Very often they were unable to obtain the merest daily necessities. However, despite their imperfect tools, they worked together Detailed Reading_t2 Detailed Reading stubbornly, collectively, and were able to attain results. Nature was also changed through interaction with man. Forests were destroyed and the area of farmland increased. Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man. The forest, for example, was something wild and frightening and people tried to force it to retreat. This was all done in the name of civilization, which meant the places where man had made his home, where the earth was cultivated, where the forest had been cut down. even for such a substance, for example, as fresh water. The problem of eliminating industrial waste is also becoming increasingly complex. Detailed Reading_t3 Detailed Reading But as time goes on mankind becomes increasingly concerned with the question of where and how to obtain irreplaceable natural resources for the needs of production. Science and mans practical transforming activities have made humanity aware of the enormous geological role played by the industrial transformation of the earth. At present the previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole, has shown ominous signs of breaking down. The problem of the so-called replaceable resources of the biosphere has become particularly acute. It is getting more and more difficult to satisfy the needs of human beings and society Modern technology is distinguished by an ever-increasing abundance of produced and used synthetic goods. Hundreds of thousands of synthetic materials are being made. People increasingly cover their bodies from head to foot in nylon and other synthetic, glittering fabrics that are obviously not Detailed Reading_t4 Detailed Reading As time goes on, the synthetic output of production turns into waste, and then substances that in their original form were not very toxic are transformed in the cycle of natural processes into aggressive agents. Today both natural scientists and philosophers are asking themselves the question: Is mans destruction of the biosphere inevitable? good for them. Young people may hardly feel this, and they pay more attention to appearance than to health. But they become more aware of this harmful influence as they grow older. But to return to our theme, the bitter truth is that those human actions which violate the laws of nature, the harmony of the biosphere, threaten to bring disaster and this disaster may turn out to be universal. How apt then are the words of ancient Oriental wisdom: live closer to nature, my friends, and its eternal laws will protect you! Detailed Reading_ t5 Detailed Reading The man-nature relation the crisis of the ecological situation is a global problem. Its solution lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature, not just by individuals, enterprises or countries, but by all humanity. One of the ways to deal with the crisis situation in the man-nature system is to use such resources as solar energy, the power of winds, the riches of the seas and oceans and other, as yet unknown natural forces of the universe. 1. What does blood ties refer to? We are connected with nature by blood ties and we cannot live outside nature. Detailed Reading_t1_We Detailed Reading It refers to such very close relationship as kinship. 2. Translate this sentence. Humanity converts natures wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society. Detailed Reading_t1_Humanity Translate this sentence into Chinese. Detailed Reading Analyze the structure of this sentence. Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals. Detailed Reading_t1_Not Detailed Reading This is a compound sentence led by not only (but) also. The first half led by not only is the inverted structure. More examples: Not only is Tom very clever, he is also very diligent. Not only did he lose his bag, but he himself got lost. Not only does he write the lyrics to the songs, but he also composes the music. Paraphrase this sentence. Man has shifted different kinds of plants and animals to areas with different climates from those of their original habitats. Moreover, man has transformed the shape and climate of his own environment and accordingly the plants and animals have also adapted themselves to the changes. Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man. Detailed Reading_t2_Nature What can we learn from this sentence? We can learn that the power of nature is out of mans control so that it is believed to be unfavorable to humanity. Detailed Reading 2. Translate this sentence into Chinese. This was all done in the name of civilization, which meant the places where man had made his home, where the earth was cultivated, where the forest had been cut down. Detailed Reading_t2_This 1. Analyze the structure of this sentence. The attributive clause led by which includes another three attributive clauses led by where in parallel structure. Detailed Reading 2. Translate this sentence into Chinese. Science and mans practical transforming activities have made humanity aware of the enormous geological role played by the industrial transformation of the earth. Detailed Reading_t3_Science Paraphrase this sentence. Man has realized the great geological changes caused by the industrial influence on the earth, which is made by science and mans transforming activities in practice. Detailed Reading At present, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole, has shown ominous signs of breaking down. Detailed Reading_t3_At present 1. What can we learn from this sentence? We can learn from the sentence that man has threatened the balance between man and nature and between nature and society, which used to be maintained dynamically, but now tends to collapse. Detailed Reading 2. Translate this sentence into Chinese. Modern technology is distinguished by an ever-increasing abundance of produced and used synthetic goods. Detailed Reading_t4_Modern 1. What can we infer from this sentence? We can infer from this sentence that it is modern technology, to a great extent, that enables the production and consumption of large quantities of synthetic goods. Detailed Reading 2. Translate this sentence into Chinese. Its solution lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature, not just by individuals, enterprises or countries, but by all humanity. Detailed Reading_t5_Its solution Translate this sentence into Chinese. Detailed Reading But to return to our theme, the bitter truth is that those human actions which violate the laws of nature, the harmony of the biosphere, threaten to bring disaster may turn out to be universal. Detailed Reading_t5_But to 2. Translate this sentence into Chinese. Detailed Reading 1. Paraphrase this sentence. As we come to the topic under discussion, it is painful to see the fact that human activities may well bring disaster through the violation of the laws of nature and the harmony of the biosphere. realm: n. a country ruled over by a king or queen; a general area of knowledge, activity, or thought Detailed Reading_t1_ realm The king had to call representatives of different classes of the realm into consultation upon the national economic crisis. Detailed Reading The movie has brought children to a realm of imagination. public realm within the realms of possibility Collocations: He always projects an image of success in public realm. It was actually within the realms of possibility. interact: vi. if people or things interact with each other, they affect each other Detailed Reading_t1_interact Detailed Reading Lucy interacts well with other children in the class. All things are interrelated and interact with each other. transform: vt. Detailed Reading_t1_transform1 to completely change the appearance, form, or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it Detailed Reading Increased population has transformed the landscape. The play transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar. Detailed Reading_t1_ transform2 Detailed Reading 1. In order to their environment, he drew up the project. 2. Carbon dioxide can be into oxygen through the agency of plant. 3. Why do the leaves on trees colour in autumn? 4. He always attempts to others to a particular doctrine or belief. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. change______ transform ________ converted ________ convert ______ CF: change, convert & transform change convert transform convert: v. Detailed Reading_t1_convert to change something into a different form of thing, or to change something so that it can be used for a different purpose or in a different way Detailed Reading They converted the spare bedroom into an office. He succeeded in converting me to his point of view. In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy. subdue: vt. Detailed Reading_t1_subdue gain control of, esp. by defeating Detailed Reading For a century we laboured to settle and to subdue the continent. Police managed to subdue the angry crowd. subdued NB: In the bar, there is subdued light and soft music. Richard seems very subdued tonight. discipline: Detailed Reading_t1_ discipline1 1. vt. train or develop, esp. in obedience and self-control Detailed Reading Disciplining children takes patience and consistency. Different cultures have different ways of disciplining their children. 2. n. 1) a way of training someone so that they learn to control their behaviour and obey rules The book gives parents advice on discipline. Detailed Reading_t1_ discipline 2 Detailed Reading 2) an area of knowledge or teaching The information that has evolved in one discipline may permit exciting advancement in another. I was greatly impressed by her practical knowledge of the discipline of marketing and her strong desire to learn more. discipline problem discipline oneself instill discipline into sb. Collocations: compel: vt. Detailed Reading_t1_ compel 1 Detailed Reading make (a person or thing) do sth., by force, moral persuasion, or orders that must be obeyed Our minds are so constructed that they compel us to view the external world in only one way. The law compels employers to provide health insurance. : A parent may compel his child to do his lessons by threatening to suspend his allowance. CF: compel, force & oblige compel Detailed Reading_t1_ compel 2 Detailed Reading : : Government troops have forced the rebels to surrender. Circumstances had obliged him to sell the business. force oblige transfer: Detailed Reading_t1_transfer 1. v. move from one place, job, position, etc., to another Detailed Reading Michael transferred from Company 6 to the Security Service. Most of the bills are paid by electronic transfer. 2. n. The transfer of power was effected swiftly and peacefully. in fear of: in a state of fear about Detailed Reading_t2_in fear of Detailed Reading Ordinary people lived in fear of being arrested by the secret police. They live in continual fear of starvation. attain: vt. to succeed in achieving something after trying for a long time Detailed Reading_t2_attain Detailed Reading More women are attaining positions of power in public life. Theyre sure to attain emancipation in the end. hostile: a. Detailed Reading_t2_ hostile showing extreme dislike or disapproval; unfriendly Detailed Reading Senator Lydon was hostile to our proposals. The project proceeded slowly because many scholars were hostile to the common people. retreat: vi. Detailed Reading_t2_retreat1 move back or leave a center of fighting or other activity, esp. when forced to do so Detailed Reading Perry lit the fuse and retreated to a safe distance. It was not a sensible choice to retreat from public life. : I retired from teaching three years ago. CF: retire, retreat & withdraw retire Detailed Reading_t2_ retreat 2 Detailed Reading The enemy was forced to retreat. As the troops withdraw, the entire city celebrated the liberation. , retreat withdraw concerned: a. Detailed Reading_t3_ concerned Detailed Reading affected by something or worried about it; believing something is important All the people present are concerned with childrens education. Many politicians are more concerned with power and control than with the good of the people. concerned with concerned about / for concerned to do sth. as far as is concerned Collocations: ominous: a. Detailed Reading_t3_ ominous Detailed Reading making you feel that something bad is going to happen The car is making an ominous rattling sound. The ominous black clouds predicted the coming thunderstorm. acute: a. Detailed Reading_t3_ acute Detailed Reading severe; very great The housing shortage is more acute than first thought. A bad tooth can cause acute pain. acute disease acute anxiety acute shortage acute sense acute mind Collocations: substance: n. a material; type of matter Detailed Reading_t3_ substance Detailed Reading The leaves were covered with a strange sticky substance. Harmful substances in the atmosphere are threatening peoples health. complex: Detailed Reading_t3_complex1 1. a. consisting of many different parts and often difficult to understand Detailed Reading A complex highway system is to be established in order to enhance the national transportation. , The demands for reliability of power supply increase daily as our industrial and social environment becomes more complex. 2. n. a group of buildings, or a large building with many parts, used for a particular purpose They live in a three-story apartment complex. Detailed Reading_t3_ complex2 Detailed Reading complex 1. Peter seemed to have a good understanding of the most issues. 2. Joan shows me the highly computer software. 3. Mental illness is a very subject. 4. The plot of the novel is and fascinating. 5. The higher the level of competition, the more the timing systems. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. complicated ___________ complex/complicated __________________ sophisticated___________ intricate _______ CF: complex, complicated, sophisticated & intricate complex complicated sophisticated intricate sophisticated ___________ distinguish: v. Detailed Reading_t4_distinguish Detailed Reading makes someone or something different or special The factor that distinguishes this company from the competition is customer service. They have found a method of distinguishing cancer cells from normal tissue. His attorney argued that he could not distinguish between right and wrong. synthetic: a. Detailed Reading_t4_synthetic Detailed Reading produced by synthesizing; not naturally produced; artificial Among the synthetic fibres used in furnishing fabrics are nylon, polyester and acrylic. We have learned to extract raw materials from nature to create new synthetic materials. glitter: vi. Detailed Reading_t4_glitter Detailed Reading shine brightly with flashing points of light The river glittered in the sunlight. The morning dews glitter in the sun. Lightning flashed overhead. Day was by this time approaching, the west was dim, the east beginning to gleam. CF: flash, gleam & glitter flash gleam glitter His blue eyes glittered with anger. cycle: Detailed Reading_t4_cycle Detailed Reading 1. n. a number of related events happening in a regularly repeated order Sometimes the only way to break the cycle of violence in the home is for the wife to leave. The water is cycled through the machine and reused. 2. v. travel by bicycle; go through a series of related events again and again He cycles to work everyday. break the cycle cycling tour cycle lane / path / route life cycle Collocations: as yet: Detailed Reading_t5_ as yet Detailed Reading until now The meeting will be held on an as yet undecided date. Weve had no word from Colin as yet. theme: n. Detailed Reading_t5_ theme1 Detailed Reading the main subject or idea in a piece of writing, speech, film, etc The book's theme is the conflict between love and duty. Most of Lynchs pictures were variations on the same theme. CF: issue, theme & topic issue theme topic Detailed Reading_t5_ theme2 Detailed Reading 1. Capital punishment is a highly controversial. 2. Their story echoes the central in Part 1 of this book Principles. 3. Global warming and youth crime are the key in the election campaign. 4. The wedding has been the only of conversation for weeks. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. theme _____ issue_____ issues ______ topic ____ threaten: Detailed Reading_t5_ threaten Detailed Reading be a danger or threat to; seem likely (to harm, spoil, ruin, etc.) He threatened to take them to court. The incident threatens to ruin his reputation. apt: a. Detailed Reading_t5_apt Detailed Reading 1) exactly suitable Love at first sight is a very apt description of how he felt when he saw her. The punishment should be apt for the crime. 2) having a natural tendency to do something Some of the staff are apt to arrive late on Mondays. After Reading_1.1 Useful Expressions Summary Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations 1. the realm of nature 2. serve the interests of society 3. climatic conditions 4. in fear of 5. daily necessities 6. in the name of civilization 7. be concerned with 8. irreplaceable natural resources 9. dynamic balance 10. ominous sign Listening Comprehension After Reading_ synthetic goods 14. from head to foot 15. the cycle of natural processes 16. lie in 17. as yet 18. return to our theme 19. laws of nature 20. turn out 11. break down 12. industrial waste Useful Expressions Summary Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension The heat loss or gain through a glass wall is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. After Reading_2.11 Directions: Here is a passage about environmental problem. You are required to listen to the passage several times and answer the following questions. 1. When did many people in North America turn their attention to environmental problems? In the late 1960s. 2. Why did they criticize skyscrapers widely? Because skyscrapers often overburden public transportation and parking lot capacities. 3. What energy resource do skyscrapers consume greatly? Electric power. 4. What can we learn if we compare the heat loss or gain of a glass wall and that of a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board? Useful Expressions Summary Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension After Reading_ What may be done to lessen the strain on heating and air- conditioning equipment in a skyscraper? We may use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. 6. What negative influences may be caused by mirror-walled skyscrapers? They may raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighbouring buildings. 7. What do skyscrapers put a strong burden on as is mentioned at the end of the passage? The citys sanitation facilities. Useful Expressions Summary Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension After Reading_2.13 In the late 1960s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities. Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120, 000 kilowatts enough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day. Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and air- conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. Useful Expressions Summary Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension After Reading_2.14 However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighbouring buildings. Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a citys sanitation facilities, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year as much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109, 000. Useful Expressions Summary Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension Man and the environment are closely related. However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. A harmonious relationship between man and nature is essential for human survival on the earth. After Reading_3 Directions: Write a brief summary of the text. The topic sentence of each paragraph has been done for you. Man relies on the environment for air, water and food. Man cannot live without nature at all. _________ _______________________________________________ ________________ As society develops, mans transformation of nature such as deforestation has greatly changed the shape and climate of his living environment. Mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources for production. The discharge of industrial wastes endangers our health and makes it more and more difficult to satisfy mans needs for the so-called replaceable such as water ______________________ ___________________________________________________ _____. We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, reducing industrial wastes and using renewable energy to preserve the environment for future generations ______________ _______________________________________________ ______________________________________. Useful Expressions Summary Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension After Reading_4 Directions: Work in pairs or groups to prepare a presentation on one environmental problem such as water pollution, acid rain, global warming, or hazardous wastes, etc. You may find the information you need from the Internet. Your presentation should cover the causes, effects and solutions of the environmental problem you work on. Suggested sources of information: 1. Center for Environmental Diplomacy: http ://cedsite.org/ 2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency:3.( ) Useful Expressions Summary Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension After Reading_5 Useful Expressions Summary Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension After Reading_5_1 Useful Expressions Summary Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension After Reading_5_2 Useful Expressions Summary Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension After Reading_5_3 Useful Expressions Summary Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension After Reading_5_4 Useful Expressions Summary Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension After Reading_5_5 Useful Expressions Summary Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension After Reading_ Man will conquer nature. 2. Nature is the glass reflecting truth. 3. Nature will have its course. 4. Experience is not what happens to a man; it is what a man does with what happens to him. Aldous Leonard Huxley, American writer A.L. Useful Expressions Summary Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension After Reading_ Economy the poor mans mints; extravagance the rich mans pitfall. Martin Tupper, American economist M. 6. Reason is man's faculty for grasping the world by thought, in contradiction intelligence, which is man's ability to manipulate the world with the help of thought. Erich Fromm Useful Expressions Summary Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension