Prof. F. A. Masoodi

FOOD SECURITY-SOME CONCERNS

Department of Food Science & Technology

University of Kashmir-190006

DEFINITION

�“When all people at all times have physical, social and

economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious foods tomeet

their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and

healthylife” -FAO, 1996.healthylife” -FAO, 1996.

�Food security means availability of sufficient food grainsto

meet the domestic demand as well as access, at the individual

level, to adequate quantities of food at affordable prices”-

National Food Security Bill 2013.

COMPLEXITY of INDIAN SITUATION

� Second most popular country.

�About 33% live on less than US$1.25/day.

�About 69 live on less than US$2/day.

�Home to quarter of undernourished people.

HDI at INDEPENDENCE

� Per Capital Income: Rs. 249.6

�Literacy rate: 18.33

�Life expectancy: 26 Yrs.

�Death Rate: 22.8/1000�Death Rate: 22.8/1000

� IMR: 158/1000

�Maternal Mortality: 20/1000 Live births

Proc. INSA 82 (5)

RESPONSE of INDEPENDENT INDIA

�Article 47 of Constitution.

� Five Year Plans.

�National Nutrition Policy, 1993.

�National Plan of Action on Nutrition, 1995.�National Plan of Action on Nutrition, 1995.

NATIONAL NUTRITION POLICY, 1993

�Task force constituted in 1980.

� Felt the need to have a nutrition policy.

�Department of WCD created in 1985.

�Constitution of expert WG in 1990.�Constitution of expert WG in 1990.

� ICN in 1992 recommended NNP to all.

SALIENT FEATURES of NNP

�Direct Intervention

�Expanding Safety nets for children.

�Triggering behavioral changes among mothers.

�Reaching the adolescent girls.�Reaching the adolescent girls.

�Ensure better coverage of mothers.

�Fortification of essential foods.

�Popularization of low cost nutritious foods.

�Control of micronutrient deficiency.

SALIENT FEATURES of NNP (Cont…)

� Indirect Intervention

�Food Security

�Improvement of Dietary patterns

�Poverty alleviation programmes

�Strong PDS�Strong PDS

�Land reforms

�Nutrition surveillance

�Education and literacy

Percentage of children aged 6-23 months receivingadequate diet (Source: NHFS-4 (2015-16: Factsheets)

WHY INDICATORS DO NOT IMPROVE

�Malnutrition not acknowledged by planners.

� Issue not addressed intergenerationally.

�Lack of nutrition education programmes.

�NNP not translated into programmes.�NNP not translated into programmes.

�Misconception about ICDS.

�Lack of real time monitoring.

Food Assistance & Nutrition Programmes in US

Program Year FY 2002 Costs$ millions

National School Lunch Prog. 1946 6867

Special Milk Prog. 1956 16

Commodity Supplemental Food 1968 110Commodity Supplemental FoodProg.

1968 110

Summer Food Service Prog. 1968 263

Food Stamp Prog. 1974 20677

Nutrition Assistance Prog. 1981 1362

The Emergency Food AssiatanceProg.

1981 435

Farmers Market Nutrition Prog. 1992 25

Senior Farmers Market Nutrition 2002 13

NUTRITION RELATED PROGRAMMES of INDIA

S. No. Name Year Remarks

1 Mid Day Meal Scheme 1962 In TN initially

At national level in 1995

2 SpecialNutrition Program 1970- Transferred to state2 SpecialNutrition Program 1970-

71

Transferred to state

sector during fifth FYP

3 Wheat Based Nutrition Programme 1986 Now transferred to state

sector

4 Balwadi Nutrition Programme 1970 For pre-school children

5 National Nutritional Anemia

Prophylaxis Programme

1970 Ministry of HFW-

Iron and Folic acid

6 National Programme for Prevention of 1970 100000IU of Retinol

NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY ACT

�Entitlement of 5 Kg/Person/Month

� Issue Price Rs. 2 & Rs. 3/Kg Wheat and Rice, respectively.

� Food subsidy estimated Cost Rs. 157,701 Crores

�More hunger centered.�More hunger centered.

Need of National Programmes

�Address protein-calorie-micronutrient deficiencies.

�Covering entire life cycle of women & children.

�Covering multi-sectoral interventions.

�Effective nutrition education programmes.

�Effective monitoring mechanism.

IMMEDIATE NEED

�Revisit NNP

�Extending programmes and policies to children, adolescent,

work force & geriatric population

�Consider latest demographic & epidemiological data

� Strong political will with budgetary provision.

UNDERLYING & ALLIED ASPECTS

�Agricultural production

� Public distribution system

�Health care system

� Food safety� Food safety

INDIA’s FOOD GRAIN PRODUCTION (in Million tons)

Source: Economic survey 2013-14

PER CAPITA AVAILABILITY of FOOD GRAINS

Year Food grains (grams per day)

2009 444.0

2010 437.1

2011 453.6

2012 450.3

2013 510.8

CHALLENGES TO INDIAN FOOD SECURITY

�Crop diversification

�Climate change

�Mismatch between water demand and availability

� Production of HYV� Production of HYV

�Agricultural prices and crop insurance.

�New trends in Globalization.

�Urban encroachments

FOOD SAFETY

�Good agricultural practices

� Pathogen free

� Safe handling and storage

� Proper processing� Proper processing

THANK YOUTHANK YOU