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Products Liability andBasic Tort Law
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Products Liability andBasic Tort Law
Martin A. KotlerProfessor of Law
Widener University
Carolina Academic PressDurham, North Carolina
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Copyright © 2005Martin A. KotlerAll Rights Reserved
ISBNLCCN
Carolina Academic Press700 Kent StreetDurham, North Carolina 27701Telephone (919) 489-7486Fax (919) 493-5668www.cap-press.com
Printed in the United States of America
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To Melinda
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Contents
Acknowledgments xixTable of Cases xxi
Chapter 1 Negligence 31.1 Introduction: Sources of Law 31.2 Common-Law Negligence 5
1.2.1 The Standard of Conduct: The Reasonable Person Standard 61.2.1.1 Imputed Knowledge: Defendants Held to “Expert” Standard 8
1.2.2 The “Delegation” Problem in Negligence Cases 91.2.3 Balancing Approaches to Determine Reasonableness 13
1.2.3.1 Risk-Utility Analysis 131.2.3.2 Cost-Benefit Analysis 14
1.2.4 The Concepts of Reasonableness and Rationality: An Economic Approach to Negligence Law 15
1.3 Negligence Per Se 181.4 Due Care Per Se 27
Chapter 2 Misrepresentation 292.1 Introduction: Forms of Tortious Misrepresentation 292.2 Fraudulent Misrepresentation (Common Law Deceit) 29
2.2.1 False Representation of Material Fact 302.2.1.1 False Representation 302.2.1.2 “Mere” Nondisclosure 312.2.1.3 Materiality 322.2.1.4 The Fact — Opinion Distinction 33
2.2.2 Scienter 342.2.3 Intent to Induce Reliance 36
2.2.3.1 Direct and Indirect Misrepresentation 372.2.3.2 Reliance by One Other than the Plaintiff 382.2.3.3 Intent to Defraud the Plaintiff 392.2.3.4 Fraud on Regulatory Agencies 40
2.2.4 Causation: The Detrimental Reliance Requirement 412.2.4.1 Reasonable or Justifiable Reliance 43
2.2.5 Damages 472.2.5.1 Benefit of the Bargain 482.2.5.2 Out of Pocket 482.2.5.3 A Compromise Approach 492.2.5.4 Consequential Damages 50
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2.2.6 Defenses 522.3 The Negligence — Fraud Intersection 532.4 Negligent Misrepresentation 55
2.4.1 Duty 562.4.1.1 Personal Injury-Property Damage Cases 562.4.1.2 Pecuniary Loss Cases 57
2.4.1.2.1 Persons to Whom a Duty is Owed 582.4.1.2.2 Who Owes a Duty and the Nature of the
Underlying Transaction 592.4.2 Breach 612.4.3 Causation 62
2.4.3.1 Reliance 622.4.3.2 Reasonable or Justifiable Reliance 63
2.4.4 Damages 642.4.5 Defenses 65
2.4.5.1 Contributory/Comparative Negligence 652.4.5.2 Voluntary Assumption of Risk 66
2.5 Strict Liability for Innocent Misrepresentation 672.5.1 Duty Issues 682.5.2 False Representation of Material Fact 68
2.5.2.1 The Fact — Opinion Distinction 692.5.2.2 Public Misrepresentations 69
2.5.3 Scienter 702.5.4 Reasonable or Justifiable Reliance 702.5.5 Damages 722.5.6 Defenses 72
2.6 Misrepresentation under the Products Liability Restatement 73
Chapter 3 Breach of Warranty 753.1 Introduction 753.2 The Vertical Privity Problem 763.3 Horizontal Privity 793.4 Tort and Contract: The Scope of the Code 813.5 Express Warranty 84
3.5.1 Affirmations, Promises, Descriptions and Models or Samples 843.5.1.1 Affirmations, Promises and Descriptions 843.5.1.2 Models and Samples 87
3.5.2 Basis of the Bargain 883.5.2.1 Reliance Required 893.5.2.2 Post-Sale Statements as Contract Modifications 903.5.2.3 Reliance Unnecessary or Burden Shifts 913.5.2.4 2003 Revisions 913.5.2.5 The “Sales Puff” Problem 92
3.5.3 Adoption of Warranties 933.6 Implied Warranty of Merchantability 95
3.6.1 In General 953.6.2 “Merchant with Respect to Goods of that Kind” 963.6.3 Merchantability 98
3.6.3.1 “Pass without Objection in the Trade” 98
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3.6.3.2 “Fair Average Quality” 1003.6.3.3 “Fit for the Ordinary Purpose for which Such Goods
Are Used” 1003.6.3.4 “Run . . . of Even Kind, Quality and Quantity” 1033.6.3.5 “Adequately Contained, Packaged, and Labeled” and
“Conform to the Promise or Affirmation of Fact Made on the Container or Label” 103
3.6.3.6 “Course of Dealing or Usage of Trade” 1043.7 Implied Warranty of Fitness for Particular Purpose 106
3.7.1 Reliance 1073.7.2 Ordinary Purpose and Particular Purpose 108
3.8 Disclaimers 1093.8.1 Disclaiming Written Express Warranties 1103.8.2 Disclaiming Oral Express Warranties 1103.8.3 Disclaiming Implied Warranties 111
3.8.3.1 Conspicuousness 1113.8.4 “As Is” Disclaimers 1133.8.5 Buyer’s Opportunity to Inspect 1143.8.6 Restrictions on Disclaimers 115
3.8.6.1 Statutory Prohibition of Disclaimers in Consumer Sales 1153.8.6.2 Unconscionability and Other Restrictions on Warranty
Disclaimers 1163.9 Notice of Breach 117
3.10 Remedies for Breach 1193.11 Sellers’ Attempts to Limit Remedies 120
3.11.1 Attempts to Exclude Personal Injury from Consequential Loss 1213.11.2 Refund, Repair or Replace Limitations 122
3.12 Statute of Limitations and Accrual of the Cause of Action 1233.12.1 2003 Proposed Revisions 124
Chapter 4 Strict Liability in Tort 1274.1 Introduction 1274.2 Elements of the Strict Liability Cause of Action 131
4.2.1 Commercial Distribution of the Product by One in the Business 1324.2.1.1 Defendant as a Commercial “Seller” 1324.2.1.2 Commercial Distribution: Placing the Product in the
Stream of Commerce 1334.2.1.2.1 Sale or Commercial Lease 1334.2.1.2.2 Products That Have Not Yet or Will Never
Enter the Stream of Commerce 1344.2.1.2.3 Parties Other Than Distributors 1354.2.1.2.4 The Sales — Service Distinction 136
4.2.2 The Concept of “Defectiveness” 1394.2.2.1 Intended and Foreseeable Uses and Abuses 140
4.2.2.1.1 The “Crashworthiness” Doctrine 1414.2.2.1.2 Other Product Misuse Cases 1424.2.2.1.3 Dismantling and Disposing of Products 143
4.2.3 Types of Defects 1444.2.3.1 Manufacturing Defects 144
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4.2.3.2 Design Defects 1454.2.3.2.1 Consumer Expectation Test 145
4.2.3.2.1.1 The Background: Escola and Greenman 145
4.2.3.2.1.2 Application of the Consumer Expectation Test 1474.2.3.2.1.2.1 The Patent Danger Rule 1484.2.3.2.1.2.2 Who Is “the Consumer?” 150
4.2.3.2.2 Risk-Utility Test 1514.2.3.2.2.1 The Problem of Defining “Utility” 1524.2.3.2.2.2 The Feasible (Reasonable) Alternative
Design Requirement 1544.2.3.2.2.2.1 The Feasibility of the
Alternative Design:One View of the State of the Art Problem 157
4.2.3.2.2.3 The Strict Liability-Negligence Distinction 159
4.2.3.2.2.4 Hindsight and Foresight Approaches 1604.2.3.2.2.4.1 The Unknowable
Generic Risk Cases:Another View of the “State of the Art” Problem 162
4.2.3.2.2.4.2 Changes in Technology 1654.2.3.2.2.5 The Delegability Problem in Design
Cases 1664.2.3.2.2.5.1 Finished Products 166
4.2.3.2.2.5.1.1 Single Use Products 166
4.2.3.2.2.5.1.2 Multi-Purpose Products 168
4.2.3.2.2.5.2 Unfinished Products 1704.2.3.2.2.5.3 Raw Materials 171
4.2.3.2.3 Other Approaches to Design Defects 1724.2.3.2.3.1 The Two-Prong Approach 1724.2.3.2.3.2 The Products Liability Restatement
Approach 1764.2.3.2.3.3 The Pennsylvania Approach 178
4.2.3.3 Marketing Defects: Failure to Warn (Adequately) or Failure to Give (Adequate) Instructions 1814.2.3.3.1 The Test for “Defect” 183
4.2.3.3.1.1 The Attempt to Use a Hindsight Approach 184
4.2.3.3.1.2 The Delegability Problem in Marketing Defect Cases 185
4.2.3.3.2 Common Warning and Instruction Breaches 1874.2.3.3.2.1 Inadequate Display 1874.2.3.3.2.2 Inadequate Content 189
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4.2.3.3.2.3 Inadequate Instructions for Safe Usage 190
4.2.4 Defining “Product” for Strict Liability Purposes 1924.2.4.1 Realty 193
4.2.4.1.1 Conveyances of Realty as Product Sales 1934.2.4.1.2 Sale of Building Components 194
4.2.4.2 Intangible Products 1954.2.4.3 Used Products 198
Chapter 5 Duties and Immunities 2035.1 Introduction 2035.2 Duty: In General 2045.3 “Rules” and “Standards” Approaches to Duty or “No-Duty” Decisions 2075.4 Extension of the Foreseeability Principle: The Rescue Doctrine 210
5.4.1 The Fireman’s Rule 2115.5 The Foreseeability Principle and Preconception Torts 2125.6 Acts and Omissions 214
5.6.1 The Post-Sale Duty Cases: In General 2155.6.1.1 Latent Defect or Danger at Point of Sale 2175.6.1.2 Voluntary Assumption of Post-Sale Duty 2195.6.1.3 Obligations Arising Out of Post-Sale Technological
Advances 2205.6.1.4 Duty to Respond to Post-Sale Information Regarding
Misuse 2215.6.2 Post-Sale Duty to Warn: Successor Corporations 223
5.7 Other Judicially Imposed Limitations 2245.7.1 The Privity Doctrine 2245.7.2 The Patent Danger Rule 2275.7.3 The Duty Problem in Point-of-Sale Failure to Warn Cases 229
5.7.3.1 No Duty to Warn of Obvious or Generally Known Dangers 230
5.7.3.2 Dangers Actually Known 2335.7.3.3 Duty to Warn Experts or Sophisticated Purchasers 2355.7.3.4 Duty to Warn of Dangers of Using Another’s Product 2385.7.3.5 Allergic Reactions (Other than Prescription Drugs) 240
5.8 Legislatively Imposed Limitations 2435.8.1 The Workers’ Compensation Bar 243
5.8.1.1 The Intentional Harm Exception 2445.8.1.2 The Dual Capacity Doctrine 246
5.8.2 Legislative Pre-Emption 2495.8.2.1 Federal Pre-Emption: The Background 2495.8.2.2 Cipollone v. Liggett Group 2515.8.2.3 Post-Cipollone Pre-Emption 255
5.9 Special Problems of Sovereign Immunity and the Government Contractor Defense 2645.9.1 Background: Sovereign Immunity 2645.9.2 The Federal Tort Claims Act 265
5.9.2.1 The “Discretionary Acts” Exclusion 2675.9.2.2 Other Limitations: The “Feres Doctrine” 269
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5.9.2.3 Products Liability Claims against the Government 2705.9.3 The Government Contractor “Defense” 271
Chapter 6 Causation 2756.1 Actual and Proximate Cause: In General 2756.2 Actual Causation 277
6.2.1 More on the “But For” Test 2776.2.2 The “Substantial Factor” Test 2786.2.3 Omissions 280
6.3 Proximate Cause 2816.3.1 Duty and Proximate Cause 2826.3.2 The “Directness” Approach 2836.3.3 The Foreseeability Approach 285
6.3.3.1 Outcome and Mechanism 2866.3.3.2 The Hazard or Risk Approach 288
6.3.3.2.1 The Proposed Restatement Approach 2896.3.3.3 Intervening Acts and Events and Superseding Causes 291
6.3.3.3.1 Intentional (Criminal) Misconduct 2936.3.3.3.2 Product Misuse or Alteration 2956.3.3.3.3 Intervention of “Conscious and Responsible”
Agent 2986.3.3.3.4 Shifting Responsibility 299
6.3.4 “Directness” Exceptions to Foreseeabity 3026.3.4.1 The “Thin Skull” Plaintiff Doctrine 3026.3.4.2 The Suicide Cases 304
Chapter 7 Damages 3057.1 General Principles 305
7.1.1 Foreseeability 3057.1.2 Certainty 308
7.1.2.1 Lost Profits under the UCC Prior to the 2003 Revisions 3097.1.2.2 The 2003 Revisions 312
7.2 An Overview of Basic Damage Rules 3137.2.1 Property Damage 313
7.2.1.1 Real Property 3137.2.1.2 Personal Property 315
7.2.2 Personal Injury Damages 3177.3 Emotional Distress Damages 319
7.3.1. The Hypersensitive Plaintiff and Thin Skull Plaintiff 3207.3.2 The Direct Infliction Cases 321
7.3.2.1 The Impact Rule 3217.3.2.2 Fear for One’s Own Safety: Zone of Danger 3217.3.2.3. The Physical Consequence Requirement 3227.3.2.4 Proof of Emotional Distress by Itself Sufficient 3237.3.2.5 Cancerphobia 323
7.3.2.5.1 Medical Monitoring 3287.3.3 The Indirect Infliction (Bystander) Cases 329
7.3.3.1 The Zone of Danger 3297.3.3.2 The Three Proximities 330
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7.3.3.3 Distress to User of a Product 3307.3.4 Emotional Distress for Breach of Contract 331
7.4 Wrongful Death and Survival 3337.5 Loss of Consortium 3357.6 Duplicative Tort and Contract Remedies 3367.7 The Economic Loss Rule 338
7.7.1 Negligence 3387.7.2 Strict Liability in Tort 340
7.7.2.1 Privity 3447.7.2.2 Availability of Some Remedy 3447.7.2.3 Expansion to Foreseeable Property Damage 345
7.7.3 Fraud, Negligent Misrepresentation and Other Torts 3467.8 Punitive Damages: In General 352
7.8.1 The Evidentiary Standard 3557.8.2 The Amount of Punitive Damages 356
7.8.2.1 Defendant’s Wealth 3567.8.2.2 Relationship between Compensatory and Punitive
Damages 3577.8.2.3 The Danger of Multiple Punitive Awards 357
7.8.3 Constitutionality 358
Chapter 8 Defenses 3638.1 In General 3638.2 Defenses Based on Agreement 364
8.2.1 Express (Contractual) Assumption of Risk: Negligence 3648.2.2 Express (Contractual) Assumption of Risk: Strict Liability 3668.2.3 Express Assumption of Risk: Warranty 3688.2.4 Implied Voluntary Assumption of Risk: Negligence and
Strict Liability 3688.2.4.1 Nature and Extent of the Risk Assumed 3698.2.4.2 Proof of Plaintiff ’s Knowledge and Appreciation 3728.2.4.3 Voluntary Decision to Encounter Risk 372
8.2.4.3.1 Fear of Losing One’s Job 3728.2.4.3.2 Reflexive Risk Taking 373
8.2.4.4 Reasonable and Unreasonable Assumption of Risk 3748.2.5 Implied Voluntary Assumption of Risk: Warranty 375
8.3 Defenses Based on Plaintiff ’s Conduct 3778.3.1 Contributory and Comparative Negligence 377
8.3.1.1 Contributory or Comparative Fault: Strict Liability Cases 380
8.3.1.2 Comparative Fault: Warranty Cases 3838.3.2 Merger of Contributory/Comparative Fault and Implied
Voluntary Assumption of Risk 3838.3.3 Primary or Reasonable Assumption of Risk 3868.3.4 Apportionment of Responsibility in Crashworthiness Cases 389
8.3.4.1 Plaintiff ’s Conduct as Contributory or Comparative Fault 3908.3.4.2 Plaintiff ’s Conduct as a Causation Issue 390
8.3.5 Failure to Mitigate Damages and Failure to Take Advance Precaution against Risk of Harm 392
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8.3.5.1 Failure to Mitigate (“Avoidable Consequences”) 3928.3.5.1.1 Burden of Proof on Mitigation 394
8.3.5.2 Failure to Take Pre-Accident Precautions 3958.3.5.3 The “Seatbelt Defense” 396
8.3.6 Product Misuse 398
Chapter 9 Indemnity and Contribution 4019.1 Third Party Actions: In General 401
9.1.1 Accrual of the Cause of Action 4019.1.2 Claim Distinct from Underlying Cause of Action 405
9.2 Express (Contractual) Indemnity 4069.3 Implied Indemnity 408
9.3.1 Joint Tortfeasors 4099.3.2 Implied Indemnity among Joint Tortfeasors 4099.3.3 Implied Indemnity within the Chain of Product Distribution 412
9.4 Contribution Actions 4159.4.1 The Requirement of Joint and Several Liability 416
9.5 Post-Settlement Indemnity and Contribution Rights 4189.5.1 Indemnity from the Settling Party 4189.5.2 Contribution Rights against the Settling Party 4199.5.3 Settlor’s Rights to Seek Indemnity 4209.5.4 Settlor’s Rights to Seek Contribution 421
9.5.4.1 Requirements in Post-Settlement Contribution Cases 4229.5.4.1.1 Statute of Limitations 425
9.6 Indemnity or Contribution Rights against One Who Is Immune from Liability to the Plaintiff 4259.6.1 Indemnity Rights against Plaintiff ’s Employer 4269.6.2 Contribution Rights against Plaintiff ’s Employer 427
9.7 Calculation of the Amount of Contribution Recoverable 428
Chapter 10 Selected Proof Problems 43110.1 In General 431
10.1.1 Judge and Jury 43110.1.2 Burden of Proof 433
10.2 Proof of Industry Custom: Negligence Cases 43410.3 Proof of Industry Custom: Strict Liability 438
10.3.1 Manufacturing Defects 43810.3.2 Design Defects 439
10.3.2.1 Consumer Expectation Test 43910.3.2.2 Risk-Utility Test 440
10.3.3 Failure to Warn 44310.4 Proof of Industry Custom: Warranty 44310.5 The Role of Statutes and Regulation in Proving Defect 44410.6 Post-Accident Design Changes and Warnings 446
10.6.1 Background 44610.6.2 Current Status 448
10.7 Circumstantial Evidence: In General 44810.7.1 Res Ipsa Loquitur 44910.7.2 Circumstantial Evidence of Defect: The “Malfunction Doctrine” 450
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10.7.3 Proving Defectiveness at the Point of Sale 45210.8 Proof of Cause-in-Fact 453
10.8.1 Logical Inferences from Testimony and Other Evidence 45410.8.1.1 The Post Hoc Fallacy 455
10.8.2 Proof of Cause-in-fact in the Failure-to-Warn Cases 45610.8.2.1 Inference from the Facts 45710.8.2.2 Rebuttable Presumption 45810.8.2.3 The Products Liability Restatement and Recent Cases 460
10.9 Proof of Which Defendant Caused the Harm 46110.9.1 Identifying the Culprit by Inference and/or Process of
Elimination 46110.9.2 Vicarious Liability 462
10.9.2.1 Concert of Action and Civil Conspiracy 46310.9.2.1.1 Nature of the Underlying Tort 46310.9.2.1.2 Consciously Parallel Conduct 46810.9.2.1.3 Constitutional Challenges to Concert of
Action and Civil Conspiracy 47110.9.2.2 Joint Enterprise 47210.9.2.3 Successor Corporate Liability 474
10.9.2.3.1 Background: Claims against Dissolved Corporations 474
10.9.2.3.2 Successor Corporate Liability 47510.9.3 Shifting Burdens of Proof 478
10.9.3.1 Identity of Responsible Party Known Only to Defendants 479
10.9.3.2 Alternative Liability 48110.9.3.3 Industry-Wide or Enterprise Liability 48210.9.3.4 Market Share Liability 483
10.9.4 The Crashworthiness Cases 48810.9.4.1 Multiple Distinct Injuries 48910.9.4.2 Aggravation of Initial Injury 49010.9.4.3 Single Indivisible Injury 49010.9.4.4 Degree of Certainty 49010.9.4.5 Burden of Proof 491
10.10 Expert Testimony: Some Common Issues 49410.10.1 Assisting the Trier of Fact 49510.10.2 Opinions on “Ultimate Issues of Fact” 49610.10.3 Expert Testimony to Establish Consumers’ Expectations 49810.10.4 Basis of Expert Testimony 50110.10.5 Expert Testimony to Establish Causation 503
10.10.5.1 Probabilistic Evidence 50510.10.6 Trial Judge As Gatekeeper 507
Chapter 11 Special Products 51111.1 Introduction 51111.2 Food Products 512
11.2.1 Design and Marketing Defects 51211.2.2 Manufacturing Defects 512
11.2.2.1 The Foreign-Natural Test 512
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11.2.2.2 The Consumer Expectation Test 51311.2.2.3 Alternative and Combination Tests 515
11.3 Unavoidably Unsafe Products: Drugs 51511.3.1 Defectively Designed Drugs 51611.3.2 Defectively Manufactured Drugs 52411.3.3 Instructions and Warning in Drug Cases 525
11.3.3.1 Manufacturer’s Liability: The “Learned Intermediary” Rule 525
11.3.3.2 Dangers to Be Warned About 52811.3.3.2.1 In General 52811.3.3.2.2 Allergic and Idiosyncratic Reactions to Drugs 530
11.3.4 Liability of Pharmacies and Pharmacists 53211.3.4.1 Liability Based Solely on Status as Seller 532
11.3.4.1.1 Strict Liability 53211.3.4.1.2 Breach of Warranty of Merchantability 536
11.3.4.2 Liability Based on Conduct 53811.3.4.2.1 Negligence and Strict Liability for Failure to
Warn 53811.3.4.2.2 Breach of Express Warranty and Warranty of
Fitness for a Particular Purpose 54111.3.4.2.3 Misrepresentation 542
11.4 Vaccines 54411.5 Other Unavoidably Unsafe Products 545
Chapter 12 Tort Reform 54712.1 Introduction 54712.2 Tort Reform Targets 548
12.2.1 Caps and Other Restrictions on Punitive Damages 54912.2.1.1 Immunity from Punitive Damage Liability on a
Showing of Compliance with State and/or Federal Law 55112.2.2 Limitations on Compensatory Damages 55212.2.3 Statutes of Limitation and Repose 55312.2.4 Limited Abolition of Joint and Several Liability 558
12.2.4.1 Allocation of Responsibility to Non-Parties 56112.2.4.1.1 Immunity from Liability 56212.2.4.1.2 Unidentified or Unavailable Potential
Defendants 56412.2.4.2 Some Statutory Refinements 565
12.2.5 Protection of Non-Manufacturing Sellers 56712.2.6 Abolition of the Collateral Source Rule 56912.2.7 Product Misuse or Alteration As a Defense 572
12.3 Constitutional Issues in Tort Reform Legislation 57312.3.1 Issues Arising under the U.S. Constitution 573
12.3.1.1 Seventh Amendment Right to Jury Trial 57312.3.1.2 Due Process and Equal Protection Challenges to
State Law 57612.3.1.3 The Constitutionality of Potential Federal Legislation 580
12.3.2 State Constitutional Challenges 58112.3.2.1 Right to Jury Trial 581
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12.3.2.2 “Open Courts” and Similar Provisions 58312.3.2.3 Due Process and Comparable Provisions 585
12.3.2.3.1 Traditional Rational Basis Approach 58612.3.2.3.2 Quid Pro Quo Approach 58712.3.2.3.3 Constitutional Incorporation:
Quasi-Fundamental Rights 58912.3.2.4 Equal Protection 592
12.3.2.4.1 “Special Legislation” Provisions 59612.3.2.5 Separation of Powers 600
12.4 A Final Note on Negligence, Strict Liability and Breach of Warranty 601
Index 605
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xix
Acknowledgments
I owe a debt of gratitude to many people who, in one way or another, assisted in andcontributed to (some may say aided and abetted in) the creation of this text. I prevailedupon friends and colleagues to read, comment upon and correct earlier versions of var-ious chapters knowing that my requests were at best an imposition, and not infre-quently a nuisance. Nevertheless, all responded with grace and generosity and the finalproduct is far better as a result. Particularly, I am indebted to George Conk, DavidFrisch, Robert Lipkin, Michael Risinger and John Wladis for lending their particular ex-pertise to this project.
I am also grateful to the student research assistants who spent many hours for ludi-crously little money digging through cases, proofreading, cite checking and, more im-portantly, telling me when I had succeeded in making difficult concepts utterly incom-prehensible. Past and present Widener law students Kevin Bright, Carmen DiMario,Matt Eltringham, Sara Gross and Kelly Tracy deserve special thanks.
Finally, of course, I need to thank my family. Not only did Melinda take on the Her-culean task of proofreading and correcting earlier versions of the manuscript, buteveryone pretended they were interested in hearing me talk about it.
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A.J. Decoster Co. v. Westinghouse Elec. Corp.,634 A.2d 1330 (Md. 1994) — 7:247–48
A.M. Properties Corp. v. GTE Products Corp.,844 F.Supp. 1001 (D.N.J. 1994) — 10:251
Abel v. Eli Lilly and Co., 343 N.W.2d 164(Mich. 1984) — 10:322–23
Absolon v. Dollahite, 831 A.2d 6 (Md. 2003) —1:127
Accu-Fab & Const., Inc. v. Ladner ex rel. Lad-ner, 2000 WL 274291 (Miss. App. 2000) —12:89–90
Acosta v. Honda Motor Co., Ltd., 717 F.2d 828(3rd Cir. 1983) — 7:292–93
Adams v. Buffalo Forge Co., 443 A.2d 932 (Me.1982) — 5:138, 5:143
Adams v. Children’s Mercy Hospital, 832S.W.2d 898 (Mo. 1992) — 12:214, 12:305
Adams v. G.D. Searle & Co., Inc., 576 So.2d 728(Fla. App. 1991) — 11:52
Adams v. J. I. Case Co., 261 N.E.2d 1 (Ill. App.1970) — 3:173
Adams v. Lift-A-Loft Corp., 1999 WL 33105610(S.D.Ohio 1999) — 6:129
Adams v. Murakami, 813 P.2d 1348 (Cal.1991) — 7:310
ADM Partnership v. Martin, 702 A.2d 730 (Md.1997) — 8:62
Advance Chemical Co. v. Harter, 478 So.2d 444(Fla. App. 1985) — 5:246, 5:255
Advincula v. United Blood Services, 678 N.E.2d1009 (Ill. 1996) — 10:35
Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. v. Ralph WilsonPlastics Co., 509 N.W.2d 520 (Mich. App.1993) — 4:327
Affiliates for Evaluation and Therapy, Inc. v. Vi-asyn Corp., 500 So.2d 688 (Fla. App.1987) — 3:37
Agent Orange Product Liability Litigation, Inre, 611 F.Supp. 1223 (E.D.N.Y. 1985) —10:435–36
Agristor Leasing v. A.O. Smith HarvestoreProducts, 869 F.2d 264 (6th Cir. 1989) —2:111
Air Bag Prod. Liability Litigation, In re, 7F.Supp.2d 792 (E.D.La. 1998) — 4:435,7:108
Air Crash Disaster at Sioux City, Iowa, on July19, 1989, In re, 1991 WL 279009 (N.D.Ill.1991) — 7:172
Air Crash Disaster, In re, 86 F.3d 498 (6th Cir.1996) — 10:94
Air Products & Chemicals, Inc. v. Eaton MetalProducts Co., 256 F.Supp.2d 329 (E.D.Pa.2003) — 7:273
Air Products & Chemicals, Inc. v. Eaton MetalProducts Co., 272 F.Supp.2d 482 (E.D.Pa.2003) — 2:198, 2:199
AKA Distrib. Co. v. Whirpool Corp., 137 F.3d1083 (8th Cir. 1998) — 7:262
Alaskan Oil, Inc. v. Central Flying Service, Inc.,975 F.2d 553 (8th Cir. 1992) — 7:220
Albala v. City of New York, 429 N.E.2d 786(N.Y. 1981) — 5:65–67
Albers v. Ottenbacher, 116 N.W.2d 529 (S.D.1962) — 1:107
Albert v. J & L Engineering Co., 214 So.2d 212(La. App. 1968) — 5:154
Albertson v. Volkswagenwerk Aktienge-sellschaft, 634 P.2d 1127 (Kan. 1981) —12:114
Aldon Industries, Inc. v. Don Myers & Associ-ates, Inc., 517 F.2d 188 (5th Cir. 1975) —7:31
Alevromagiros v. Hechinger Co., 993 F.2d 417(4th Cir. 1993) — 10:45, 10:56–57,10:397
Alexander v. Choate, 469 U.S. 287 (1985) —12:186
Alexander v. Conveyors & Dumpers, Inc., 731F.2d 1221 (5th Cir. 1984) — 5:158, 10:20
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Alimenta (U.S.A.), Inc. v. Anheuser-BuschCompanies, Inc., 803 F.2d 1160 (11th Cir.1986) — 3:166–67
Allaback v. Santa Clara County Fair Assn., 54Cal. Rptr.2d 330 (Cal. App. 1996) — 8:1,8:3
Allegheny General Hosp. v. Philip Morris, Inc.,116 F.Supp.2d 610 (W.D.Pa. 1999) —10:183, 10:206–08
Allen v. Delchamps, Inc., 624 So.2d 1065 (Ala.1993) — 5:247
Allen v. G.D. Searle & Co., 708 F.Supp. 1142(D.Or.1989) — 11:93
Allen v. Grafton, 164 N.E.2d 167 (Ohio1960) — 11:22–23
Allen v. Otis Elevator Co., 563 N.E.2d 826 (Ill.App. 1990) — 7:89
Aller v. Rodgers Machinery Mfg. Co., Inc., 268N.W.2d 830 (Iowa 1978) — 10:391
Allison v. United States, 264 F.Supp. 1021(E.D.Ill. 1967) — 5:443
Alloway v. General Marine Industries, 695 A.2d264 (N.J. 1997) — 7:206, 7:211, 7:254
All-Tech Telecom, Inc. v. Amway Corporation,174 F.3d 862 (7th Cir. 1999) — 7:192,7:269–70, 7:280
Alm v. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc., 480N.E.2d 1263 (Ill. App. 1985) 4:433
Aloe Coal Co. & Commercial Union Ins. Co. v.Clark Equip. Co., 816 F.2d 110 (3rd Cir.1987) — 7:219
Alpert v. Thomas, 643 F.Supp. 1406 (D.Vt.1986) — 3:174–75
Alvarez v. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., 2003 WL715905 (N.D.Cal. 2003) — 9:97–98
AM/PM Franchise Ass’n v. Atlantic RichfieldCo., 584 A.2d 915 (Pa. 1990) — 7:25–28
Ambassador Steel Co. v. Ewald Steel Co., 190N.W.2d 275 (Mich. App. 1971) — 8:180
American Bank & Trust Co. v. CommunityHospital of Los Gatos-Saratoga, Inc., 683P.2d 670 (Cal. 1984) — 12:252
American Mfg. Co. v. United States ShippingBoard E.F. Corp., 7 F.2d 565 (2nd Cir.1925) — 3:250
American Motorcycle Ass’n v. Superior Court,578 P.2d 899 (Cal. 1978) — 9:1, 9:110,9:112
American Safety Equipment Corp. v. Winkler,640 P.2d 216 (Colo. 1982) — 2:269–70
American Suzuki Motor Corp. v. SuperiorCourt, 44 Cal.Rptr.2d 526 (Cal. App.1995) — 7:108
American Universal Ins. Group v. General Mo-tors Corp., 578 So.2d 451 (Fla. App.1991) — 7:241–42
Ameron, Inc. v. Chemische Werke Huls AG,760 F.Supp. 1234 (E.D.Mich. 1991) — 9:18
Amstadt v. U.S. Brass Corp., 919 S.W.2d 644(Tex. 1996) — 12:59
Anderson v. Dries & Krump Mfg. Corp., 739P.2d 1177 (Wash. App. 1987) — 1:49
Anderson v. F.J. Little Mach. Co., 68 F.3d 1113(8th Cir. 1995) — 4:154
Anderson v. Hedstrom Corp., 76 F.Supp.2d 422(S.D.N.Y. 1999) — 4:349
Anderson v. Minneapolis, St. P. & S.S.M. Ry.Co., 179 N.W. 45 (Minn. 1920) — 6:14–15,6:17
Anderson v. Scheffler, 752 P.2d 667 (Kan.1988) — 12:114
Anderson v. Somberg, 338 A.2d 1 (N.J. 1975) —10:278–83
Anderson v. State ex rel. Central Bering SeaFisherman’s Ass’n, 78 P.3d 710 (Alaska2003) — 12:28
Anderson v. United States, 55 F.3d 1379 (9thCir. 1995) — 5:451
Anderson v. Wagner, 402 N.E.2d 560 (Ill.1977) — 12:295
Andor v. United Airlines, Inc., 739 P.2d 18(Ore. 1987) — 7:307
Andrews v. Harley Davidson, Inc., 796 P.2d1092 (Nev. 1990) — 8:154
Andrulonis v. United States, 724 F.Supp. 1421(N.D.N.Y. 1989) — 5:430–31, 5:474–75
Anglin v. Kleeman, 665 A.2d 747 (N.H.1995) — 8:184
Angus v. Shiley Inc., 989 F.2d 142 (3rdCir.1993) — 7:108
Anixter Bros., Inc. v. Central Steel & Wire Co.,463 N.E.2d 913 (Ill. App. 1984) — 9:17–18,9:23, 9:34
Apostolico v. Orlando Regional Health CareSystem, Inc., 871 So.2d 283 (Fla. App.2004) — 12:220
Appel v. Standex Intern. Corp., 660 P.2d 686(Or. App. 1983) — 4:154
Arena v. Owens Corning Fiberglas Corp., 74Cal. Rptr.2d 580 (Cal. App. 1998) —4:255
Arkansas Elec. Cooperative Corp. v. ArkansasPub. Serv. Comm’n, 461 U.S. 375(1983) — 5:407
Armentrout v. FMC Corp., 842 P.2d 175 (Colo.1992) — 4:270
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Armstrong Rubber Co. v. Griffith, 43 F.2d 689(2nd Cir.1930) — 7:36, 7:38
Armstrong Rubber Co. v. Urquidez, 570 S.W.2d374 (Tex. 1978) — 4:41–42
Armstrong v. Mailand, 284 N.W.2d 343 (Minn.1979) — 5:49, 8:146
Arneson v. Olson, 270 N.W.2d 125 (N.D.1978) — 12:202, 12:287, 12:293
Arredondo v. Lindley International Trucks,Inc., 758 S.W.2d 846 (Tex. App. 1988) —6:22, 6:49
Arsnow v. Red Top Cab Co., 292 P. 436 (Wash1930) — 6:167
Artis v. Corona Corp. of Japan, 703 A.2d 1214(D.C. App. 1997) — 4:170
Asbestos Litigation, In re, 509 A.2d 1116 (Del.Super. 1986) — 10:335
Asbestos School Litigation, In re, 46 F.3d 1284(3rd Cir. 1994) — 10:229–34, 10:238
Ass’n of Unit Owners of Bridgeview Condo-miniums v. Dunning, 63 P.3d 788 (Or.App. 2003) — 4:397
Atlantic Co. v. Orendorff, 22 So.2d 260 (Fla.1945) — 7:32
Atlantic Richfield Co. v. Interstate Oil TransportCo., 784 F.2d 106 (2nd Cir. 1986) —9:105–06
Attorney General v. Johnson, 385 A.2d 57 (Md.1978) — 12:227–28, 12:231
Auburn Mach. Works Co., Inc. v. Jones, 366So.2d 1167 (Fla. 1979) — 4:133
Augustus v. Bean, 14 Cal. Rptr. 641 (Cal.1961) — 9:3, 9:7
Ault v. International Harvester Co., 528 P.2d1148 (Cal. 1974) — 10:95–97
Austin v. Clark Equipment Co., 48 F.3d 833(4th Cir. 1995) — 4:234
Austin v. Ford Motor Co., 273 N.W.2d 233(Wis. 1979) — 8:153
Austin v. Will-Burt Co., 361 F.3d 862 (5th Cir.2004) — 10:45
Automated Donut Systems, Inc. v. ConsolidatedRail Corp., 424 N.E.2d 265 (Mass. App.1981) — 8:170
Autzen v. John C. Taylor Lumber Sales, Inc.,572 P.2d 1322 (Or. 1977) — 3:66–67,3:86–87
Avner v. Longridge Estates, 77 Cal. Rptr. 633(Cal. App. 1969) — 4:395–96
Award Metals, Inc. v. Superior Court, 279 Cal.Rptr. 459 (Cal. App. 1991) — 5:268
Ayers v. Jackson Twnshp, 525 A.2d 287 (N.J.1987) — 7:135
Ayers v. Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Co.,a Subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson Co.,818 P.2d 1337 (Wash. 1991) — 4:321–22
Azzarello v. Black Bros. Co., Inc., 391 A.2d1020 (Pa. 1978) — 4:301–03, 10:6
Azzopardi v. Ocean Drilling & Exploration Co.,742 F.2d 890 (5th Cir.1984) — 7:172
B.L. Jet Sales, Inc. v. Alton Packaging Corp.,724 S.W.2d 669 (Mo.App. 1987) —2:196–97
B.N. v. K.K., 538 A.2d 1175 (Md. 1988) — 2:134Babb v. Bolyard, 72 A.2d 13 (Md. 1950) — 2:23Bacardi v. Holzman, 442 A.2d 617 (N.J. Super.
App. Div. 1981) — 11:94–96Badische Corp. v. Caylor, 630 F.Supp. 1196
(N.D.Ga. 1986) — 2:181Bailey v. Huggins Diagnostic & Rehab., 952
P.2d 768 (Colo. App. 1997) — 4:433Bailey v. McDonnell Douglas Corp., 989 F.2d
794 (5th Cir. 1993) — 5:496–98Bailey v. V & O Press Corp., 770 F.2d 601 (6th
Cir. 1985) — 10:42Bainter v. Lamoine LP Gas Co., 321 N.E.2d 744
(Ill. App. 1974) — 3:118, 4:38Bair v. Peck, 811 P.2d 1176 (Kan. 1991) —
12:258, 12:260–61Baker v. Arbor Drugs, Inc., 544 N.W.2d 727
(Mich. App. 1996) — 11:189, 11:211–13Baker v. Armco, Inc., 684 S.W.2d 81 (Mo. App.
1984) — 5:299Baker v. Bolton, 170 Eng. Rep. 1033 (1808) —
7:169Baker By and Through Baker v. International
Harvester Co., 660 S.W.2d 21 (Mo. App.1983) — 6:62–67
Baker v. Rosemurgy, 144 N.W.2d 660 (Mich.App. 1966) — 8:79
Balido v. Improved Machinery, Inc., 105 Cal.Rptr. 890 (Cal. App. 1972) — 5:96, 6:138
Ball v. Joy Technologies, Inc., 958 F.2d 36 (4thCir. 1991) — 7:138
Baltimore & O.R. Co. v. Baugh, 149 U.S. 368(1893) — 4:8
Baltimore & O.R. Co. v. Goodman, 275 U.S. 66(1927) — 5:32–33
Bank of America, N.A. v. C.D. Smith Motor Co.,Inc., 106 S.W.3d 423 (Ark. 2003)—7:6
Banner Welders, Inc. v. Knighton, 425 So.2d441, 448 (Ala. 1982) — 8:216
Barb v. Wallace, 412 A.2d 1314 (Md. App.1980) — 3:187
Barbe v. Drummond, 507 F.2d 794 (1stCir.1974) — 7:172
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Barker v. Allied Supermarket, 596 P.2d 870(Okla. 1979) — 3:119
Barker v. Lull Engineering Co., 573 P.2d 443(Cal. 1978) — 4:108–09, 4:149–51, 4:181,4:266, 4:267–69
Barnard v. Kellogg, 77 U.S. 383 (1870) — 2:13Barren v. United States, 839 F.2d 987 (3rd Cir.
1988) — 5:425Barrett v. Fritz, 248 N.E.2d 111 (Ill. 1969) —
8:132Barrio v. San Manuel Division Hospital for
Magma Copper Company, 692 P.2d 280(Ariz. 1984) — 12:177
Barron v. Ford Motor Co. of Canada, 965 F.2d195 (7th Cir. 1992) — 8:194, 8:198
Barrow v. Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1998 WL812318 (M.D.Fla. 1998) — 2:199, 4:214
Barry v. Edmunds, 116 U.S. 550 (1886) —12:149–50
Barry v. Quality Steel Products, Inc., 820 A.2d258 (Conn. 2003) — 6:94, 6:150
Barton v. Owen, 139 Cal. Rptr. 494 (Cal. App.1977) — 6:10
Basko v. Sterling Drug, Inc., 416 F.2d 417 (2ndCir. 1969) — 3:41, 6:19, 11:122
Batiste v. American Home Products Corp., 231S.E.2d 269, 273 (N.C. App. 1977) —11:146, 11:203
Batts v. Tow-Motor Forklift Co., 978 F.2d 1386(5th Cir. 1992) — 4:145, 10:397
Baughman v. General Motors Corp., 780 F.2d1131 (4th Cir. 1986) — 5:225–26
Baxter v. Ford Motor Co., 12 P.2d 409 (Wash.1932) — 2:2
Baycol Products Litigation, In re, 218 F.R.D.197 (D.Minn. 2003) — 11:52
Bayley Products, Inc. v. American Plastics Co.,186 N.W.2d 813 (Mich. App. 1971) —7:51
Bayliner Marine Corp. v. Crow, 509 S.E.2d 499(Va. 1999) — 3:106, 10:7
BDO Seidman, LLP v. Mindis AcquisitionCorp., 578 S.E.2d 400 (Ga. 2002) — 2:224
Beacham v. Lee-Norse, 714 F.2d 1010 (10th Cir.1983) — 8:66, 8:78, 8:210
Beaver v. Batrouny, 419 N.Y.S.2d 391 (App. Div.1979) — 10:212–13
Becker v. American Airlines, Inc., 200 F.Supp.243 (S.D.N.Y. 1961) — 4:429
Becker v. IRM Corp., 698 P.2d 116 (Cal.1985) — 4:399
Bednarski v. Hideout Homes & Realty, Inc. 709F.Supp. 90 (M.D.Pa. 1988) — 3:248
Beech Aircraft Corp. v. Jinkins, 739 S.W.2d 19(Tex. 1987) — 9:111
Beech v. Outboard Marine Corp., 584 So.2d441 (Ala. 1991) — 10:59
Behrens v. Fayette Manufacturing Co., 7 Cal.Rptr.2d 264 (Cal. App. 1992) — 5:287–90
Belisle v. Southdale Realty Co., 168 N.W.2d 361(Minn. 1969) — 2:97
Bell Helicopter Co. v. Bradshaw, 594 S.W.2d519 (Tex. Civ. App. 1979) — 5:98–101
Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc., a Div. of Textron,Inc. v. United States, 755 F.Supp. 269(D.Alaska 1990) — 9:129
Bell v. Industrial Vangas, Inc., 637 P.2d 266(Cal. 1981) — 5:284
Bellanca Aircraft Corp., 576 F.2d 582 (5th Cir.1978) — 3:230
Bellotte v. Zayre Corp., 352 A.2d 723 (N.H.1976) — 4:142, 6:103
Bellotte v. Zayre Corp., 531 F.2d 1100 (1st Cir.1976) — 6:103
Bemenderfer v. Williams, 745 N.E.2d 212 (Ind.2001) — 7:174
Bencivenga v. J.J.A.M.M., Inc., 609 A.2d 1299(N.J. Super. App. Div. 1992) — 12:86,12:102, 12:111
Benco Plastics, Inc. v. Westinghouse ElectricCorp., 387 F.Supp. 772 (E.D.Tenn.1974) — 2:254, 2:271
Bendectin Litigation, In re, 857 F.2d 290 (6thCir. 1988) — 1:94, 1:104–05, 2:80, 2:82
Bender v. TBT Operating Corp., 718 N.Y.S.2d154 (N.Y. Sup. 2000) — 9:132
Benedi v. McNeil-P.P.C., Inc., 66 F.3d 1378 (4thCir. 1995) — 10:432
Bennett v. Madakasira, 821 So.2d 794 (Miss.2002) — 11:52
Bentzler v. Braun, 149 N.W.2d 626 (Wis.1969) — 8:197
Berg v. Sukup Mfg. Co., 355 N.W.2d 833 (S.D.1984) — 5:158
Bergstreser v. Mitchell, 577 F.2d 22 (8th Cir.1978) — 5:61
Berkebile v. Brantly Helicopter Corp., 337 A.2d893 (Pa. 1975) — 2:249, 3:59, 3:108
Berko v. Freda, 459 A.2d 663 (N.J. 1983) —5:48
Berry v. Beech Aircraft Corp., 717 P.2d 670(Utah 1985) — 12:275
Berry v. Eckhardt Porsche Audi, Inc., 578 P.2d1195 (Okla. 1978) — 5:181
Berry v. G.D. Searle & Co., 309 N.E. 2d 550 (Ill.1974) — 11:167–68
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Beshada v. Johns-Manville Products Corp., 447A.2d 539 (N.J. 1982) — 4:329–30, 4:332–34
Besser Co. v. Paco Corp., 671 F.Supp. 1010(M.D.Pa. 1987) — 9:101
Best v. Taylor Machine Works, 689 N.E.2d 1057(Ill. 1997) — 12:18, 12:34, 12:69,12:311–14, 12:320–24, 12:326–30,12:339–43
Betancourt v. Manhattan Ford Lincoln Mer-cury, Inc., 607 N.Y.S.2d 924 (App. Div.1994) — 6:84–85
Betehia v. Cape Cod Corp., 103 N.W.2d 64(Wis. 1960) — 11:8, 11:9
Bethlehem Steel Co. v. New York State LaborRelations Bd., 330 U.S. 767 (1947) — 5:407
Bexiga v. Havir Mfg. Corp., 290 A.2d 281 (N.J.1972) — 1:34, 4:235, 8:89–90
Bichler v. Eli Lilly and Co., 450 N.Y.S.2d 776(N.Y. 1982) — 10:220–22
Bichler v. Eli Lilly and Co., 436 N.Y.S.2d 625(App. Div. 1980) — 10:318–20
Bichler v. Willing, 397 N.Y.S.2d 57 (App. Div.1977) — 11:142, 11:203
Bickram v. Case I.H., 712 F.Supp. 18 (E.D.N.Y.1989) — 4:34
Bidar v. Amfac, Inc., 669 P.2d 154 (Haw.1983) — 4:402
Bierczynski v. Rogers, 239 A.2d 218 (Del.1968) — 10:186–87
Bigelow v. Agway, Inc., 506 F.2d 551 (2ndCir.1974) — 3:90
Billy v. Consolidated Machine Tool Corp., 412N.E.2d 934 (N.Y. 1980) — 5:298, 5:299
Bilotta v. Kelley Co., 346 N.W.2d 616 (Minn.1984) — 1:46–47, 4:223–26, 4:237
Birklid v. Boeing Co., 904 P.2d 278 (Wash.1995) — 5:275
Biss v. Tenneco, Inc., 409 N.Y.S.2d 874 (App.Div. 1978) — 1:33, 4:237, 4:240–41
Black v. Abex Corp., 603 N.W.2d 182 (N.D.1999) — 10:331–33
Black v. Wickes Corp., 378 N.E.2d 964 (Mass.1978) — 3:144
Blackburn v. Dorta, 348 So.2d 287 (Fla.1977) — 5:49, 8:125–26, 8:128, 8:130–31
Blackburn, Inc. v. Harnischfeger Corp., 773F.Supp. 296 (D.Kan. 1991) — 9:114
Blackston v. Shook & Fletcher Insulation Co.,764 F.2d 1480 (11th Cir. 1985) — 10:333
Blair v. Grand Rapids & I.R. Co., 26 N.W. 855(Mich. 1886) — 8:67
Blalock v. Westwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,1990 WL 10557 (E.D.La. 1990) — 5:253
Blanchard v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co.,341 F.2d 351 (5th Cir. 1965) — 5:438
Blanchard v. Wicks, 314 So.2d 366 (La. App.1975) — 6:86
Bland v. Freightliner, LLC, 206 F.Supp.2d 1202(M.D.Fla. 2002) — 7:5
Blankenship v. Cincinnati Milacron Chemicals,Inc., 433 N.E.2d 572 (Ohio 1982) — 5:260
Blanton v. Cooper Industries, 99 F.Supp.2d 797(E.D.Ky. 2000) — 5:275
Blocher v. DeBartolo Properties Management,Inc., 760 N.E.2d 229 (Ind. App. 2001) —10:74
Block v. Neal, 460 U.S. 289 (1983) — 5:429Blockhead, Inc. v. Plastic Forming Co., Inc.,
402 F.Supp. 1017 (D.Conn. 1975) —3:224
Bloomquist v. Wapello County, 500 N.W.2d 1(Iowa 1993) — 10:424–29
Bloxom v. Bloxom, 512 So.2d 839 (La. 1987) —10:153
Blue v. Drackett Products Co., 143 So.2d 897(Fla. App. 1962) — 10:145
Blue v. Environmental Engineering, Inc., 803N.E.2d 187 (Ill. App. 2003) — 4:156
BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore, 517 U.S.559, 607 (1996) — 2:121–22, 7:284–85,7:321, 7:326–31, 12:197
BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore, 646So.2d 619 (Ala. 1994) — 7:322–25
Board of Education v. A, C and S, Inc., 546N.E.2d 580 (Ill. 1989) — 2:188–89, 4:416
Boatland of Houston, Inc. v. Bailey, 609 S.W.2d743 (Tex. 1980) — 4:183–86
Bob McKiness Excavating & Grading Inc. v.Morton Buildings, Inc., 507 N.W.2d 405(Iowa 1993) — 12:236
Bobka v. Cook County Hospital, 422 N.E.2d999 (Ill. App. 1981) — 5:56, 8:68–72
Bobryk v. Lincoln Amusements, Inc., 15 Conn.L. Rptr. 617 (Super. Ct. 1996) — 4:383
Boeing Airplane Co. v. Brown, 291 F.2d 310(9th Cir. 1961) — 10:92
Boeing Airplane Co. v. O’Malley, 329 F.2d 585(8th Cir. 1964) — 3:207
Boeing Co. v. Shipman, 411 F.2d 365 (5th Cir.1969) — 10:9
Boerner v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp.,260 F.3d 837 (8th Cir. 2001) — 4:173
Bogner v. General Motors Corp., 459 N.Y.S.2d679 (N.Y.C. Civ. Ct. 1982) — 7:168
Bognis v. Falk Co., 133 N.W. 209 (Wis. 1911)—4:9
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Boldac v. Crain, 181 A.2d 641 (N.H. 1962) —8:132
Bomb Disaster At Roseville, California, OnApril 28, 1973, In re, 438 F.Supp. 769(E.D.Cal. 1977) — 5:441, 5:443
Bond v. Baltimore & Ohio R. Co., 96 S.E. 932(W.Va 1918) — 8:67
Bondu v. Gurvich, 473 So.2d 1307 (Fla. App.1984) — 7:16
Booker v. Sears Roebuck & Co., 785 P.2d 297(Okla. 1989) — 9:47
Borel v. Fibreboard Paper Prod. Corp., 493 F.2d1076 (5th Cir. 1973) — 4:367
Boruski v. United States, 803 F.2d 1421 (7th Cir.1986) — 5:503
Boryla v. Pash, 960 P.2d 123 (Colo. 1998) —7:123
Boughton v. Cotter Corp., 65 F.3d 823 (10thCir. 1995) — 7:49
Bowen v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. 516So.2d 570 (Ala. 1987) — 5:299
Bower v. Westinghouse Electric Corp., 522S.E.2d 424 (W.Va. 1999) — 7:78, 7:135
Bowers v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 827 So.2d 63(Ala. 2001) — 7:162–67
Bowler v. Stewart-Warner Corp., 563 A.2d 344(D.C.App. 1989) — 3:41
Bowman v. Williams, 165 A. 182 (Md. 1933) —7:97
Boxa v. Vaughn, 674 N.W.2d 306 (S.D. 2003) —8:180
Boy v. I.T.T. Grinnell Corp., 724 P.2d 612 (Ariz.App. 1986) — 8:216
Boyd v. Bulala, 877 F.2d 1191 (4th Cir. 1989) —12:157, 12:160, 12:192
Boyd v. Bulala, 672 F.Supp. 915 (W.D.Va.1986) — 12:157–59, 12:180
Boyl v. California Chemical Co., 221 F.Supp.669 (D.Or. 1963) — 1:26
Boyle v. United Technologies Corp., 487 U.S.500 (1988) — 5:478–79, 5:482–95
Bozeman v. State, 2004 WL 1475373 (La.2004) — 12:136
Brackett v. Johnson, 273 A.2d 499, 500 (Conn.Super. 1970) — 8:79
Bradford v. Herzig, 33 Conn.App. 714, 638A.2d 608 (1994) — 12:86
Bradley v. Appalachian Power Co., 256 S.E.2d879 (W.Va. 1979) — 8:96
Bragg v. Hi-Ranger, Inc., 462 S.E.2d 321 (S.C.App. 1995) — 10:45
Bragg v. United States, 55 F.Supp.2d 575(S.D.Miss. 1999) — 5:499
Brandenburger v. Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A.,Inc., 513 P.2d 268 (Mont. 1973) — 4:15
Braniff Airways v. Curtiss-Wright Corp., 411F.2d 451 (2nd Cir. 1969) — 5:79
Braun v. Roux Distributing Co., 312 S.W.2d758 (Mo. 1958) — 5:252
Brawner v. Liberty Industries, Inc., 573 S.W.2d376 (Mo. App. 1978) — 4:137, 4:139
Bray v. Marathon Co., 588 S.E.2d 93 (S.C.2003) — 7:157
Breeck v. Aquaslide ‘N’ Dive Corp., 350 N.W.2d149 (Iowa 1984) — 2:36
Brescia v. Great Road Realty Trust, 373 A.2d1310 (N.H. 1997) — 3:188
Brewer v. Jeep Corp., 724 F.2d 653 (8th Cir.1983) — 3:41
Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. Tires Prod. LiabilityLitigation, In re, 155 F.Supp.2d 1069(S.D.Ind. 2001) — 7:108
Bridgewater v. Economy Engineering Company,486 N.E.2d 484 (Ind. 1986) — 6:130
Briehl v. General Motors Corp., 172 F.3d 623(8th Cir.1999) — 2:145
Britt-Tech Corp. v. American Magnetics Corp.,487 N.W.2d 671 (Iowa 1992) — 4:76
Brochu v. Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp., 642F.2d 652 (1st Cir. 1981) — 11:93
Brockett v. Harrell Bros. Inc., 143 S.E.2d 897(Va. 1965) — 8:120
Brocklesby v. United States, 767 F.2d 1288 (9thCir. 1985) — 4:430
Broddie v. Litton Unit Handling Systems, 455N.E.2d 142 (Ill. 1983) — 3:29–30
Brokenshire v. Rivas and Rivas, Ltd., 922 P.2d696 (Or. App. 1996) — 4:412–13
Bronster v. U.S. Steel Corp., 919 P.2d 294 (Haw.1996) — 7:254
Brooks v. Beech Aircraft Corp., 902 P.2d 54(N.M. 1995) — 4:213, 10:63–65
Brooks v. Howmedica, Inc., 273 F.3d 785 (8thCir. 2001) — 11:116
Broussard v. Continental Oil Co., 433 So.2d 354(La. App. 1983) — 4:357–58
Brown ex rel. Estate of Brown v. Philip MorrisInc., 228 F.Supp.2d 506 (D.N.J. 2002) —4:213
Brown v. Clark Equipment Co., 618 P.2d 267(Haw. 1980) — 10:20
Brown v. Collins, 53 N.H. 442 (1873) — 4:6Brown v. Ford Motor Co., 67 F.Supp.2d 581
(E.D.Va. 1999) — 8:194, 8:198, 8:201–02Brown v. General Elec. Corp., 648 F.Supp. 470
(M.D.Ga. 1986) — 5:54–55, 5:57–58, 8:147
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Brown v. Hudson, 700 So.2d 932 (La. App.1997) — 3:85
Brown v. McDonald’s Corp., 655 N.E.2d 440(Ohio App. 1995) — 5:251
Brown v. Neff, 603 N.Y.S.2d 707 (Sup. Ct.1993) — 2:129
Brown v. Neff, 668 N.Y.S.2d 873 (Sup. Ct.1997) — 2:238–40
Brown v. Quick Mix Co., Div. of Koehring Co.,454 P.2d 205 (Wash. 1969) — 8:66, 8:78
Brown v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 667 P.2d 750(Ariz. App. 1983) — 4:19192
Brown v. Superior Court, 751 P.2d 470 (Cal.1988) — 10:324–26, 11:33, 11:34, 11:39,11:44–47, 11:59–61
Brown v. United Blood Services, 858 P.2d 391,396 (Nev. 1993) — 10:34
Brown v. Washington County, 987 P.2d 1254(Or. App. 1999) — 12:86
Bruce Farms, Inc. v. Coupe, 247 S.E.2d 400 (Va.1978) — 4:394
Bruce v. Martin-Marietta Corp., 544 F.2d 442(10th Cir. 1976)—4:84–85, 10:46–48, 10:50
Bruce v. State Farm Ins. Co., 859 So.2d 296 (La.App. 2003) — 7:68
Brunsman v. DeKalb Swine Breeders, Inc., 952F.Supp. 628 (N.D.Iowa 1996) — 2:189
Bruszewski v. United States, 181 F.2d 419 (3rdCir. 1950) — 12:113
Bryant v. Adams, 448 S.E.2d 832, 842(N.C.App. 1994) — 3:62
Bryant v. Hoffman-LaRoche, Inc., 585 S.E.2d723 (Ga. App. 2003) — 10:443–44, 11:52,11:66
Bryant v. Technical Research Co., 654 F.2d 1337(9th Cir. 1981) — 10:6
Buchanan v. Prickett & Sons, Inc., 279 N.W.2d855 (Neb. 1979) — 5:55
Buckman Co. v. Plaintiffs’ Legal Committee,531 U.S. 341 (2001) — 1:95–96, 1:99,2:66–68, 2:81, 5:388–92, 11:37
Budding v. SSM Healthcare System, 19 S.W.3d678 (Mo. 2000) — 4:69
Budgetel Inns, Inc. v. Micro Systems, Inc., 34F.Supp. 2d 720 (E.D.Wis. 1999) — 7:264,7:265
Budgetel Inns, Inc. v. Micro Systems, Inc., 8F.Supp. 2d 1137 (E.D.Wis. 1998) — 7:264,7:265
Builders Supply Co. v. McCabe, 77 A.2d 368(Pa. 1951) — 9:56
Bunting v. Hogsett, 21 A. 31 (Pa. 1891) — 6:50,6:52–53
Burch v. Amsterdam, 366 A.2d 1079 (D.C.1976) — 10:82
Burgess v. Colorado Serum Co., 772 F.2d 844(11th Cir. 1985) — 5:503
Burke v. Harman, 574 N.W.2d 156 (Neb. App.1998) — 2:13, 2:216–19, 2:224, 2:226
Burke v. Spartanics, Ltd., 252 F.3d 131 (2nd Cir.2001) — 5:193–94, 5:196
Burns v. Jaquays Mining Corp., 752 P.2d 28(Ariz. App. 1987) — 7:104, 7:126, 7:134–35
Burrell v. Electric Plant Bd. of City of Franklin,676 S.W.2d 231 (Ky. 1984) — 9:138
Burton v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 884F.Supp. 1515 (D.Kan. 1995) — 7:135
Bushong v. Garman Co., 843 S.W.2d 807 (Ark.1992) — 10:153
Butchkosky v. Enstrom Helicopter Corp., 784F.Supp. 882 (S.D.Fla. 1992) — 7:239–40
Butler v. Flint Goodrich Hospital of DillardUniversity, 607 So.2d 517 (La. 1992) —12:305
Butler v. Jordan, 750 N.E.2d 554 (Ohio2001) — 5:415
Butler v. Navistar Intern. Transp. Corp., 809F.Supp. 1202 (W.D.Va. 1991) — 3:157
Butterfield v. Forrester, 11 East 60, 103 Eng.Rep. 926 (K.B. 1809) — 8:85
Butterworth v. Quick & Reilly, Inc., 171 F.R.D.319 (M.D.Fla. 1997) — 2:87
Butterworth v. Quick & Reilly, Inc., 998 F.Supp.1404 (M.D.Fla.1998) — 2:199
Butz v. Lynch, 762 So.2d 1214 (La. App.2000) — 4:95–97, 5:120, 6:117–18
Butz v. Werner, 438 N.W.2d 509 (N.D. 1989) —10:153
Bynum v. FMC Corp. 770 F.2d 556 (5th Cir.1985) — 3:235, 5:477
Byrd Motor Lines, Inc. v. Dunlop Tire andRubber Corp., 304 S.E.2d 773 (N.C. App.1983) — 3:264
Byrd v. Blue Ridge Rural Electric Coop., Inc.,356 U.S. 525 (1957) — 12:148
Byrd v. Proctor & Gamble Mfg. Co., 629 F.Supp. 602 (E.D.Ky. 1986) — 4:378
Byrne v. Boadle, 159 Eng. Rep. 299 (Exch.1863) — 10:107
Byrne v. Weichert Realtors, 675 A.2d 235 (N.J.Super. App. Div. 1996) — 2:106–07
Cafazzo v. Central Medical Health Services.,Inc., 635 A.2d 151 (Pa. Super. 1993) —4:69
Caldwell v. Ford Motor Co., 619 S.W.2d 534(Tenn. App. 1981) — 5:47
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Calhoun v. Honda Motor Co., 738 F.2d 126(6th Cir. 1984) — 10:421
Callander v. Sheridan, 546 N.E.2d 850 (Ind.App. 1989) — 8:180
Caldwell v. Overton, 554 S.W.2d 832 (Tex.Civ.App. 1977) — 2:204
Camacho v. Honda Motor Co., Ltd., 741 P.2d1240 (Colo. 1987) — 4:85, 4:281, 5:158
Camalier & Buckley-Madison, Inc. v. MadisonHotel, Inc., 513 F.2d 407 (D.C.Cir.1975) — 8:183
Caman v. City of Stamford, 746 F.Supp. 248(D.Conn. 1990) — 12:193
Campbell v. A.H. Robins Co., 615 F.Supp. 496,500 (W.D.Wis. 1985) — 10:194
Campbell v. Black Mountain Spruce, Inc., 677P.2d 379 (Colo. App. 1983) — 5:299
Campbell v. General Motors Corp., 649 P.2d224 (Cal. 1982) — 10:401
Campbell v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 98P.2d 409 (Utah 2004) — 7:342
Camper v. Minor, 915 S.W.2d 437 (Tenn.1996) — 12:76
Campo v. Scofield, 95 N.E.2d 802 (N.Y.1950) — 5:147–49
Campos v. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., 485A.2d 305 (N.J. 1984) — 4:361, 5:189–92,5:209
Canton Provision Co. v. Gauder, 196 N.E. 634(Ohio 1935) — 7:32
Capital Holding Corp. v. Bailey, 873 S.W.2d 187(Ky. 1994) — 7:126
Capitol Fuels, Inc. v. Clark Equipment Co., 382S.E.2d 311 (W.Va. 1989) — 7:220
Caprara v. Chrysler Corp, 417 N.E.2d 545 (N.Y.1981) — 10:98
Cardomon v. Iowa Lutheran Hospital, 128N.W.2d 266 (Iowa 1964) — 8:170
Cardozo v. True, 342 So.2d 1053 (Fla. App.1977) — 4:423
Carley v. Wheeled Coach, 991 F.2d 1117 (3rdCir. 1993) — 5:503
Carolina Indus. Products, Inc., v. Learjet, Inc.,189 F.Supp.2d 1147 (D.Kan. 2001) — 7:5
Carpetland of Northwest Arkansas Inc. v.Howard, 803 S.W.2d 512 (Ark. 1991) —9:103
Carrecter v. Colson Equipment Co., 499 A.2d326 (Pa. Super. 1985) — 4:307
Carrett v. Panacon Corp., 204 S.E.2d 354 (Ga.App. 1974) — 4:416
Carrizales v. Rheem Mfg. Co., 589 N.E.2d 569(Ill. App. 1991) — 5:79
Carroll Towing Co., United States v..159 F.2d169 (2nd Cir. 1947) — 1:58–59, 4:148
Carroll v. Gava, 159 Cal. Rptr. 778 (Cal. App.1979) — 2:227
Carroll v. Otis Elevator Co., 896 F.2d 210 (7thCir. 1990) — 10:375–77
Carroll v. Whitney, 29 S.W.3d 14 (Tenn.2000) — 12:99
Carson v. Maurer, 424 A.2d 825 (N.H. 1980) —12:280, 12:283–95
Carter v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp., 557F.Supp. 1317 (E.D.Tex. 1983) — 4:213
Carter v. Masey-Ferguson, Inc., 716 F.2d 344(5th Cir. 1983) — 10:42, 10:52, 10:55
Carter v. Taylor Diving & Salvage Co., 341F.Supp. 628 (E.D.La. 1972) — 5:48
Cartwright v. Firemans Insurance Co. ofNewark, N.J., 213 So.2d 154 (La. App.1968) — 1:107
Cartwright v. Home Depot U.S.A., Inc., 936F.Supp. 900 (M.D.Fla. 1996) — 10:432
Caruso v. M & O Insulation Co., 802 N.E.2d327 (Ill. App. 2003) — 10:10
Casa Ford, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co., 951 S.W.2d865 (Tex. App. 1997) — 9:110
Case v. Fibreboard Corp., 743 P.2d 1062 (Okla.1987) — 10:333, 10:335
Casey v. Russell, 188 Cal. Rptr. 18 (Cal. App.1982) — 1:118–20
Castrignano v. E.R. Squibb & Sons, Inc., 546A.2d 775 (R.I. 1988) — 11:52
Cate v. Dover Corp., 790 S.W.2d 559 (Tex.1990) — 3:208–09, 3:211
Caterpillar Tractor Co. v. Beck, 593 P.2d 871(Alaska 1979) — 4:266, 10:98
Cavanaugh v. Skil Corp., 751 A.2d 518 (N.J.2000) — 4:152
Caver v. Cushman Motor Sales, Inc., 157 Cal.Rptr. 142 (Cal. App. 1979) — 4:75
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center v. Superior Court,954 P.2d 511 (Cal. 1998) — 7:16
Celotex Corp. v. Copeland, 471 So.2d 533(Fla.1985) — 10:334
Central Washington Refrigeration, Inc. v. Bar-bee, 946 P.2d 760 (Wash. 1997) — 9:19
Champion v. Grey, 420 So.2d 348 (Fla. App.1982) — 7:141
Chapman v. Lily Cache Builders, Inc., 362N.E.2d 811 (Ill. App. 1977) — 4:393
Charleston Nat. Bank v. International HarvesterCo., 317 N.E.2d 585 (Ill. App. 1974)—10:20
Chart v. General Motors Corp., 258 N.W.2d680 (Wis. 1977) — 10:98
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Chateaugay Corp., In re, 146 B.R. 339 (S.D.N.Y.1992) — 5:503
Chavers v. Gatke Corp., 132 Cal. Rptr. 2d 198(Cal. App. 2003) — 10:235–38
Chem Tech Finishers, Inc. v. Paul Mueller Co.,375 S.E.2d 881 (Ga. App. 1988) — 3:20
Chemtrol Adhesives, Inc. v. American Mfrs.Mut. Ins. Co., 537 N.E.2d 624 (Ohio1989) — 7:235–36
Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Forbes, 783 So.2d 1215(Fla. App. 2001) — 1:126
Chicago Export Packing Co. v. Teledyne Indus-tries Inc., 566 N.E.2d 326 (Ill. App.1990) — 2:109–10
Childress v. Church’s Fried Chicken, 196 Cal.Rptr. 404 (Cal. App. 1983) — 2:153–54,2:156
Childs v. Westinghouse Elec. Corp. 7 U.C.C. Rep.Serv.2d 1080 (Va. Cir. Ct. 1988)—3:40
Christian v. Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Co., 126F.Supp.2d 951 (D.Md. 2001) — 10:183
Christopher v. Larson Ford Sales, Inc., 557 P.2d1009 (Utah 1976) — 3:211
Christopherson v. Hyster Co., 374 N.E.2d 858(Ill. App. 1978) — 4:222
Chrum v. Charles Heating & Cooling, Inc., 327N.W.2d 568 (Mich. App. 1982) — 7:168
Chrysler Corp. v. Batten, 450 S.E.2d 208 (Ga.1994) — 5:79
Chung v. Kaonohi Center Co., 618 P.2d 283(Haw. 1980) — 7:41
Chuolasama v. Mazda Motor Corp., 123 F.3d1353 (11th Cir. 1997) — 2:87
Cierpisz v. Singleton, 230 A.2d 629 (Md.1969) — 8:197
Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc., 505 U.S. 504(1992) — 2:51, 2:129, 5:302–03, 5:305,5:307, 5:320, 5:325–26, 5:320, 5:322,5:326–27, 5:329–46, 5:359, 5:381
Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc., 893 F.2d 541(3rd Cir. 1990) — 5:322
Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc., 693 F. Supp.208 (D.N.J. 1988) — 5:322
Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc., 649 F. Supp.664 (D.N.J. 1986) — 5:322
Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc., 644 F. Supp.283 (D.N.J. 1986) — 4:160–61
Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc., 789 F.2d 187(3rd Cir. 1986) — 5:322, 5:328
Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc., 593 F. Supp.1146 (D.N.J. 1984) — 5:321–22
Citizens State Bank v. Timm, Schmidt & Co.,335 N.W.2d 361 (Wis. 1983) — 2:185
Citrone v. Hertz Truck Leasing and Rental Ser-vice, 212 A.2d 769 (N.J. 1965) — 4:33–34
City of Philadelphia v. Lead Industries Ass’n,Inc., 994 F.2d 112 (3rd Cir. 1993) —10:307
City of Tucson v. Wondergem, 466 P.2d 383(Ariz. 1970) — 7:178
Clark v. Jeter, 486 U.S. 456 (1988) — 12:173Clark v. McDaniel, 546 N.W.2d 590 (Iowa
1996) — 2:16–18, 2:158Clarke Industries, Inc. v. Home Indem. Co.,
591 So.2d 458 (Ala. 1991) — 4:355–56Clarkson v. Wright, 483 N.E.2d 268 (Ill.
1985) — 8:185, 8:197Classen v. Izquierdo, 520 N.Y.S.2d 999, 1001
(N.Y.Sup.Ct. 1987) — 8:152Clause ex rel. Clause v. State Dept. of Public
Safety, 984 P.2d 559 (Ariz. App. 1998) —10:214
Cleveland By and Through Cleveland v. PiperAircraft Corp., 890 F.2d 1540 (10th Cir.1989) — 10:367–69, 12:122
Clime v. Dewey Beach Enterprises, Inc., 831F.Supp. 341 (D.Del. 1993) — 11:8
Cline v. Prowler Industries of Maryland, Inc.,418 A.2d 968 (Del. 1980) — 3:39–40
Clinkscales v. Carver, 136 P.2d 777 (Cal.1943) — 1:73
Cmwlth, Dept. of General Services v. U.S. Min-eral Products Co., 809 A.2d 994 (Pa.Cmwlth. 2002) — 4:213
Cochran v. McDonald, 161 P.2d 305 (Wash.1945) — 3:114–15
Coello v. Tug Mfg. Corp., 756 F.Supp. 1258(W.D.Mo. 1991) — 5:268, 9:130
Coffer v. Standard Brands, Inc., 226 S.E.2d 534(N.C. App. 1976) — 3:70–71, 3:137–38,3:156, 10:69–70
Coffman v. Keene Corp., 628 A.2d 710 (N.J.1993) — 10:153
Coburn v. City of Tuscon, 691 P.2d 1078 (Ariz.1984) — 5:38
Coghlan v. Wellcraft Marine Corp., 240 F.3d449 (5th Cir. 2001) — 2:142–43
Cole v. Elliott Equip. Co., 653 F.2d 1031 (5thCir. 1981) — 4:34
Collazo-Santiago v. Toyota Motor Corp., 937F.Supp. 134 (D.Puerto Rico 1996) — 4:181,4:266
Collegiate Enterprises, Inc. v. Otis Elevator Co.,650 F.Supp. 116 (E.D.Mo. 1986) — 3:20
Collins v. Eli Lilly and Co., 342 N.W.2d 37(Wis. 1984) — 10:321
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Collins v. Ridge Tool Co., 520 F.2d 591 (7th Cir.1975) — 5:154
Collins v. United States, 642 F.2d 217 (7th Cir.1981) — 5:459
Collins v. Wayne Corp., 621 F.2d 777 (5th Cir.1980) — 2:251
Collozo-Santiago v. Toyota Motor Corp., 937F.Supp. 134 (D.Puerto Rico 1996) —10:401
Colon ex rel. Molina v. BIC USA, Inc., 199F.Supp.2d 53 (S.D.N.Y. 2001) — 4:170
Comeau v. Wray, 659 N.Y.S.2d 347 (App.Div.1997) — 8:141
Commercial Union Ins. Co. v. Roxborough Vil-lage Joint Venture, 944 F.Supp. 827(D.Colo. 1996) — 7:254
Committee on Children’s T.V. v. General FoodsCorp., 673 P.2d 660 (Cal. 1983) —2:49–50
Community Bank v. Bank of Hallandale andTrust Co., 482 F.2d 1124 (5th Cir. 1973) —2:85
Comstock v. General Motors Corp., 99 N.W.2d627 (Mich. 1959) — 5:79
Condemarin v. University Hosp., 775 P.2d 349(Utah 1989) — 12:202
Coney v. J.L.G. Industries, Inc., 454 N.E.2d 197(Ill. 1983) — 12:79
Coniaris v. Vail Associates, Inc., 586 P.2d 224(Colo. 1978) — 9:7
Connelly v. Hyundai Motor Co., 351 F.3d 535(1st Cir. 2003) — 8:198
Connick v. Suzuki Motor Co., Ltd., 675 N.E.2d584 (Ill. 1996) — 2:22, 3:248, 3:250, 5:78
Conrad v. Tokyo Aircraft Instrument Co., 988F.Supp. 1227 (W.D.Wis. 1998) — 5:452–54
Consolidated Rail Corp. v. Gottshall, 512 U.S.532 (1994) — 7:78
Continental Airlines, Inc. v. McDonnell Dou-glas Corp., 264 Cal. Rptr. 779 (Cal. App.1989) — 2:249
Control Techniques, Inc. v. Johnson, 762N.E.2d 104 (Ind. 2002) — 6:94
Conway v. O’Brien, 111 F.2d 611 (2nd Cir.1940) — 1:60
Conwed Corp. v. Union Carbide Corp., 2004WL 326695 (D.Minn. 2004) — 9:136–37
Cook v. Minneapolis, St. P. & S.S.M. Ry. Co., 74N.W. 561 (Wis. 1898) — 6:16
Cook v. Rockwell Int’l Corp., 755 F. Supp. 1468(D.Colo. 1991) — 7:135
Cooley v. Paraho Development Corp., 851 P.2d207 (Colo. App. 1992) — 12:43–44
Cooper Industries, Inc. v. Leatherman ToolGroup, 532 U.S. 424 (2001) — 12:153
Cooper Mfg. Corp., In re, 131 F.Supp.2d 1238(N.D.Okla. 2001) — 9:104
Cooper Power Systems, Inc. v. Union CarbideChemicals & Plastics Co., Inc., 123 F.3d675 (7th Cir. 1997) — 7:230–31, 7:234,7:263
Cooper v. Aspen Skiing Co., 48 P.3d 1229(Colo. 2002) — 8:7
Coos-Curry Electric Cooperative v. CurryCounty, 554 P.2d 601 (Or. App. 1976) —9:6
Copass v. Illinois Power Co., 569 N.E.2d 1211(Ill. App. 1991) — 5:275
Cope v. Scott, 45 F.3d 445 (D.C.Cir. 1995) —5:455
Copiers Typewriters Calculators, Inc. v. ToshibaCorp., 576 F.Supp. 312 (D.Md. 1983) —3:22
Corbin v. Coleco Industries, Inc., 784 F.2d 411(7th Cir. 1984) — 5:172
Corbridge v. Clark Equipment Co., 730 P.2d1005 (Idaho 1986) — 8:216
Costco Wholesale Corp. v. Tampa WholesaleLiquor Co., Inc., 573 So.2d 347 (Fla. App.1990) — 9:77–78
Cott v. Peppermint Twist Management Co.,Inc., 856 P.2d 906 (Kan. 1993) — 12:237
Cottonaro v. Southtowns Industries, Inc., 625N.Y.S.2d 773 (App. Div. 1995) — 7:106
Coty v. U.S. Slicing Machine Co., Inc., 373N.E.2d 1371 (Ill. App. 1978) — 8:88, 8:90
Coughtry v. Globe Woolen Co., 56 N.Y. 124(N.Y. 1874) — 5:130
Court v. Grzelinski, 379 N.E.2d 281 (Ill.1978) — 5:50–53
Cover v. Cohen, 461 N.E.2d 864 (N.Y. 1984) —5:80–81
Covey v. Covey, 80 P.3d 553 (Utah App.2003) — 8:180
Coward v. Owens-Corning Fibreglas Corp., 729A.2d 614 (Pa. Super. 1999) — 10:153
Cowart v. Avondale Industries, Inc., 792 So.2d73 (La. App. 2001) — 4:336
Coyle by Coyle v. Richardson-Merrell, Inc., 584A.2d 1383 (Pa. 1991) — 11:135–36,11:138–41, 11:192–93
Cozzi v. North Palos Elementary School Dist.No. 17, 597 N.E.2d 683 (Ill. App. 1992) —1:49
Craft v. Hermes Consolidated, Inc., 797 P.2d559 (Wyo. 1990) — 7:186
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Crankshaw v. Piedmont Driving Club, Inc., 156S.E.2d 208 (Ga. App. 1967) — 6:73–74
Craven v. Niagara Mach. and Tool Works, Inc.,417 N.E.2d 1165 (Ind. App. 1981) —10:160–61
Creach v. Sara Lee Corp., 502 S.E.2d 923 (S.C.App. 1998) — 11:7
Creason v. Myers, 350 N.W.2d 526 (Neb.1984) — 7:17–18
Credit Alliance Corp. v. Arthur Andersen & Co.,483 N.E.2d 110 (N.Y. 1985) — 2:182
Creech v. Chandler Signs, Inc., 1990 WL303822 (N.D.Ill. 1990) — 9:99
Creech, In re Estate of, 120 S.W.3d 271 (Mo.App. 2003) — 7:64
Cremeans v. Willmar Henderson Mfg. Co., aDiv. of Waycross, Inc., 556 N.E.2d 1203(Ohio 1991) — 8:66
Cresser v. American Tobacco Co., 662 N.Y.S.2d374 (N.Y.Sup. 1997) — 10:194
Crispin v. Volwagenwerk, AG, 591 A.2d 966(N.J. Super. App. Div. 1991) — 10:358,10:366
Crocker v. Winthop Laboratories, Div. of Ster-ling Drug, Inc. 514 S.W.2d 429 (Tex.1974) — 2:252, 2:260–62, 11:123
Cromeen, Holloman, Sibert, Inc. v. A B Volvo,349 F.3d 376 (7th Cir. 2003) — 2:112
Cronin v. J.B.E. Olson Corp., 501 P.2d 1153(Cal. 1972) — 4:74
Crosbyton Seed Co. v. Mechura Farms, 875S.W.2d 353 (Tex. App. 1994) — 3:193
Crossfield v. Quality Control Equipment Co.,Inc., 1 F.3d 701 (8th Cir. 1993) — 5:243–44
Croteau v. Olin Corp., 704 F.Supp. 318 (D.N.H.1989) — 7:80, 7:148
Crothers v. Cohen, 384 N.W.2d 562 (Minn.App. 1986) — 3:68
Crowder v. Commonwealth, 588 S.E.2d 384(Va. App. 2003) — 7:66
Crowston v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 521N.W.2d 401 (N.D. 1994) — 5:116
Crysco Oilfield Services, Inc., v. Huchinson-Hayes Int’l Inc., 913 F.2d 850 (10th Cir.1990) — 3:193
CSX Transp. Inc. v. Easterwood, 507 U.S. 658(1993) — 5:381, 5:402
Cuevas v. E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Co., 956F.Supp. 1306 (S.D.Miss. 1997)—10:432
Cummings v. HPG International, Inc., 244 F.3d16 (1st Cir. 2001) — 7:263
Cunha v. Ward Foods, 804 F.2d 1418 (9th Cir.1986) — 2:224
Cunningham v. C. R. Pease House FurnishingCo., 69 A. 120 (N.H. 1908) — 2:200–01
Cunningham v. Charles Pfizer & Co., 532 P.2d1377 (Okla. 1974) — 10:153, 11:123
Cunningham v. MacNeal Memorial Hospital,266 N.E.2d 897 (1970) — 4:217
Cunningham v. National Service Industries, Inc.,331 S.E.2d 899 (Ga. App. 1985)—2:164–66
Cunningham v. Northwestern ImprovementCo., 119 P. 554 (Mont. 1911) — 4:9
Curtis v. Hoosier Racing Tire Corp., 299F.Supp.2d 777 (N.D.Ohio 2004) — 8:3
Curtis v. Universal Match Corp., Inc., 778F.Supp. 1421 (E.D.Tenn. 1991) — 4:142
Custom Decorative Moldings, Inc. v. InnovativePlastics Technology, 2000 WL 1273301(Del. Ch. 2000) — 3:165
Cuthbertson v. Clark Equipment Co., 448 A.2d315 (Me. 1982) — 3:84–85
Cyr v. B. Offen & Co., Inc., 501 F.2d 1145 (1stCir. 1974) — 10:261–62
D.L. by Friedericks v. Huebner, 329 N.W.2d 890(Wis. 1983) — 10:18–19
Daberkow v. United States, 581 F.2d 785 (9thCir. 1978) — 5:459
Dacor Corp. v. Sierra Precision, 753 F.Supp. 731(N.D.Ill. 1991) — 7:37
DaFonte v. Up-Right, Inc., 7 Cal. Rptr. 2d 238(Cal. 1992) — 12:93
Dahl v. Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW), 748P.2d 77 (Or. 1987) — 8:153
Daitom v. Pennwalt Corp., 1987 WL 93958(D.Kan. 1987) — 3:16
Daka, Inc. v. McCrae, 839 A.2d 682 (D.C.2003) — 7:307
Dalehite v. United States, 346 U.S. 15 (1953) —5:417, 5:439–40
Daley v. LaCroix, 179 N.W.2d 390 (Mich.1970) — 7:94, 7:97
Daley v. McNeil Consumer Products Co., a div.of McNeil-PPC, Inc., 164 F.Supp. 2d 367(S.D.N.Y. 2001) — 5:253
Dallas Aerospace, Inc. v. CIS Air Corp., 352F.3d 775 (2nd Cir. 2003) — 2:113–14
Dalton v. Jones, 581 S.E.2d 360 (Ga. App.2003) — 8:135
Dalton v. Stanley Solar & Stove, Inc. 629 A.2d794 (N.H. 1993) — 3:19
Daly v. General Motors Corp., 575 P.2d 1162(Cal. 1978) — 8:105–07, 8:109–10,8:155–56, 8:160–61
D’Amario v. Ford Motor Co., 806 So.2d 424(Fla. 2001) — 8:165
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D’Ambra v. United States, 338 A.2d 524 (R.I.1975) — 7:81
Damin Aviation Corp. v. Sikorsky Aircraft, aDiv. Of United Technologies Corp., 705 F.Supp. 170 (S.D.N.Y. 1989) — 3:267–68
Daniell v. Ford Motor Co., Inc., 581 F.Supp.728 (D.N.M. 1984) — 5:197–98
Daniels v. Combustion Engineering, Inc., 583S.W.2d 768 (Tenn. App. 1978) — 11:226
Daniels v. New York, N.H. & H.R. Co., 67 N.E.424 (Mass. 1903) — 6:164–65
Daniels v. Williams, 474 U.S. 327 (1986) —12:166
Dare v. Lobule, 674 P.2d 960 (Colo. 1974) —8:188
D’Arienzo v. Clairol, Inc., 310 A.2d 106, 112(N.J.Super.L. 1973) — 4:363
Darsan v. Globe Slicing Machine Co., 606N.Y.S.2d 317 (App. Div. 1994) — 5:29
Dart v. Wiebe Mfg., Inc., 709 P.2d 876 (Ariz.1985) — 4:213, 4:266
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,509 U.S. 579 (1993) — 10:448–49,10:453–58
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,951 F.2d 1128 (9th Cir. 1991) — 10:452
Daugert v. Pappas, 704 P.2d 600 (Wash.1985) — 6:12–13
Daughtrey v. Ashe, 413 S.E.2d 336 (Va.1992) — 3:100
Dauphin Deposit Bank and Trust Co. v. ToyotaMotor Corp., 6 Pa. D. & C.4th 609 (Pa.Com. Pl. 1990) — 5:170
Dauphine v. F.W. Woolworth Co., 451 So.2d1333 (La. App. 1984) — 5:299
Davidson v. Rogers, 574 P.2d 624 (Or. 1978) —12:225
Davies v. Datapoint Corp., 1996 WL 521394(D.Me. 1996) — 5:79
Davis v. Avondale Industries, Inc., 975 F.2d 169(5th Cir. 1992) — 5:210–14
Davis v. Gage, 682 P.2d 1282 (Idaho App.1984) — 7:302
Davis v. Gibson Products Co., 505 S.W.2d 682(Tex. Civ. App. 1973) — 4:45
Davis v. Gibson Products Co., 513 S.W.2d 4(Tex. 1974) — 4:45
Davis v. Globe Machine Mfg. Co., 684 P.2d 692(Wash. 1984) — 8:132
Davis v. Mangelsdorf, 673 P.2d 951 (Ariz.1983) — 2:172
Davis v. Marks, 262 S.W. 613 (Ky. App.1924) — 7:58
Davis v. Omitowoju, 883 F.2d 1155 (3rd Cir.1989) — 12:161–62, 12:180, 12:190,12:210–11
Davis v. Otis Elevator Co., 515 So.2d 277 (Fla.App. 1987) — 1:125
Davis v. Wyeth Laboratories, Inc., 399 F.2d 121(9th Cir. 1968) — 11:87–88
Dawejko v. Jorgensen Steel Co., 434 A.2d 106(Pa. Super. 1981) — 10:268
Dawson v. Hill & Hill Truck Lines, 671 P.2d 589(Mont. 1983) — 7:178
Daye v. General Motors Corp., 712 So.2d 120(La.App. 1997) — 2:230–31
Defrees v. United States, 738 F.Supp. 380 (D.Or.1990) — 5:450
deJesus v. Seaboard Coastline R.R., 281 So.2d198 (Fla. 1973) — 1:123–24, 1:126
DeKalb Agresearch, Inc. v. Abbott, 391 F.Supp.152 (N.D.Ala. 1974) — 3:214
Del Mar Beach Club Owner’s Ass’n v. ImperialContracting Co., 176 Cal. Rptr. 886 (Cal.App. 1981) — 4:397
Delaney v. Deere and Co., 999 P.2d 930 (Kan.2000) — 10:397
Delaney v. Humana Hospital, 830 So.2d 1072(La. App. 2002) — 10:29
Delano Growers’ Cooperative Winery v.Supreme Wine Co., Inc., 473 N.E.2d 1066(Mass. 1985) — 7:29
DeLeon v. Louder, 743 S.W.2d 357 (Tex. Civ.App. 1987) — 10:383, 10:420
Delgado v. J.W. Courtesy Pontiac GMC-Truck,Inc., 693 So.2d 602 (Fla. App. 1997) — 262
Delphen v. Department of Transp. and Devel-opment, 657 So.2d 328 (La. App. 1995) —4:155
Delta Air Lines, Inc. v. McDonnell DouglasCorp., 503 F.2d 239 (5th Cir. 1974) —7:195, 8:29
Delta Marine, Inc. v. Whaley, 813 F.Supp. 414(E.D.N.Y. 1993) — 3:158, 3:168
Delta Oxygen Co. v. Scott, 383 S.W.2d 885(Ark. 1964) — 3:28
DeLuca by DeLuca v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceu-ticals, Inc., 911 F.2d 941 (3rd Cir. 1990) —10:440–41
DeLuryea v. Winthrop Laboratories, a Div. ofSterling Drug Inc., 697 F.2d 222 (8th Cir.1983) — 10:147–49
DeMendoza v. Huffman, 51 P.3d 1232 (Or.2002) — 12:28
Denny v. Ford Motor Co., 639 N.Y.S.2d 250(N.Y. 1995) — 3:38, 3:152–54
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Deon v. Ford Motor Co., 804 S.W.2d 302 (Tex.Civ. App. 1991) — 5:79
DePaepe v. General Motors Corp., 33 F.3d 737(7th Cir. 1994) — 8:198
Department of Transp. v. Jackson, 494 S.E.2d20 (Ga. App. 1997) — 1:113
Derdiarian v. Felix Contracting Corp., 414N.E.2d 666 (N.Y. 1981) — 6:95
DeRosa v. Remington Arms Co., 509 F.Supp762 (E.D.N.Y. 1981) — 11:229
Derry v. Peek, 14 App. Cas. 337 (H.L. 1889) —2:33–35
Deutsch v. Stein, 597 S.W.2d 141 (Ky. 1980) —7:89
DeValerio v. Vic Tanny International, 363N.W.2d 447 (Mich. App. 1984) — 3:234
Devaney v. Sarno, 311 A.2d 208 (N.J. Super.App. Div. 1973) — 7:13
Devore v. Hobart Mfg. Co., 359 So.2d 1108(La.App. 1978) — 2:190–92
Diamond v. Caterpillar Tractor Co., 134 Cal.Rptr. 895 (Cal. App. 1976) — 10:146
Diamond v. E.R. Squibb & Sons, Inc., 397So.2d 671 (Fla. 1981) — 12:275
DiAntonio v. Northampton-Accomack MemorialHospital, 628 F.2d 287 (4th Cir. 1980)—12:194
Diedrich v. Wright, 550 F.Supp. 805 (N.D.Ill.1982) — 8:16
Dietz v. General Electric Co., 821 P.2d 166(Ariz. 1991) — 12:93
Digicorp, Inc. v. Ameritech Corp., 662N.W.2d 652 (Wis. 2003) — 7:232–33,7:262, 7:268
Dillard v. Walsh Press & Die Co., 586 N.E.2d525 (Ill. App. 1991) — 4:243
Dillon v. Legg, 441 P.2d 912 (Cal. 1968) —7:145–46
Dimick v. Schiedt, 293 U.S. 474 (1935) — 12:16Dincher v. Marlin Firearms Co., 198 F.2d 821
(2nd Cir. 1952) — 12:61Dinsmore Instrument Co. v. Bombardier, Inc.,
199 F.3d 318 (6th Cir. 1999) — 7:277–78Distefano v. Lamborn, 81 A.2d 675 (Del.
1951) — 9:6District of Columbia v. Barriteau, 399 A.2d 563
(D.C. 1979) — 7:72Dix & Associates Pipeline Contractors, Inc. v.
Key, 799 S.W.2d 24 (Ky. 1990) — 9:138Dixon v. Bell, 5 M. & S. 198 (1816) — 5:127Dixon v. Four Seasons Bowling Alley, Inc., 424
A.2d 428 (N.J. Super. App. Div. 1980) —4:36
Dixon v. Jacobsen Mfg. Co., 637 A.2d 915 (N.J.Super. App. Div. 1994) — 5:111–12
Doca v. Marina Mercante Nicaraguense, S. A.,634 F.2d 30 (2nd Cir. 1980) — 7:74
Dodson Livestock Co. v. United States, 42 Fed.Cl. 455 (Fed. Cl. 1998) — 5:435
Doe ex rel. Doe v. Baxter Healthcare Corp., 178F.Supp.2d 1003 (S.D.Iowa 2001) —10:198–200
Doe v. American Red Cross Blood Services, S.C.Region, 377 S.E.2d 323 (S.C. 1989)—10:34
Doe v. Miles, Inc., 2000 WL 667383 (Mo. App.2000) — 3:193
Doe v. United States, 618 F.Supp. 503 (D.S.C.1984) — 5:438
Doherty v. S.S. Kresge Co., 278 N.W. 437 (Wis.1938) — 1:106
Donham v. United States, 395 F.Supp. 52(D.Mo. 1975) — 5:459
Donoghue (or M’Alister) v. Stevenson, [1932]App. Cas. 562 (H.L.) — 5:9–10
Dooley v. Evertt, 805 S.W.2d 380 (Tenn. App.1990) — 11:176
Dotson v. Blake, 29 S.W.3d 26 (Tenn. 2000) —12:97–98
Doucet v. National Maintenance Corp., 822So.2d 60 (La. App. 2002) — 9:131
Douglas-Hanson Co., Inc. v. B.F. GoodrichCo., 598 N.W.2d 262 (Wis. App. 1999) —7:264
Doupnik v. General Motors Corporation, 275Cal.Rpt. 715 (Cal. App. 1990) — 8:153
Dow Chemical Co. v. Mahlum, 970 P.2d 98(Nev. 1998) — 10:189–91
Downie v. Abex Corp., 741 F.2d 1235 (10th Cir.1984) — 3:88–90, 3:96
Downing v. Overhead Door Corp., 707 P.2d1027 (Colo. App. 1985) — 5:85–86
Downs v. Reads, 446 S.W.2d 657 (Ark. 1969) —1:127
Draper v. Airco, Inc., 580 F.2d 91 (3rd Cir.1978) — 8:66
Dravo Equipment Co. v. German, 698 P.2d 63(Or. 1985) — 3:22
Drayton v. Jiffee Chemical Corp., 591 F.2d 352(6th Cir. 1978) — 3:58–59
Drescher v. Hoffman Motors Corp., 585 F.Supp.555 (D.C.Conn. 1984) — 12:114
Drew Chemical Corp. v. Fidelity and Cas. Co.of New York, 413 N.Y.S.2d 538 (Sup. Ct.1976) — 11:2
Driver v. Burlington Aviation, Inc., 430 S.E.2d476 (N.C. App. 1993) — 2:168
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Duchess v. Langston Corp., 769 A.2d 1131 (Pa.2001) — 4:152
Ducko v. Chrysler Motors Corp., 639 A.2d 1204(Pa. Super. 1994) — 10:122–24
Ducre v. Executive Officers of Halter Marine,Inc., 752 F.2d 976 (5th Cir. 1985) — 12:64
Duff v. Bonner Building Supply, Inc., 666 P.2d650 (Idaho 1983) — 8:121
Dufficy & Sons, Inc. v. BRW, Inc., 74 P.3d 380(Colo.App.2002) — 2:198
Dugan by Dugan v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 454N.E.2d 64 (Ill. App. 1983) — 6:123–24
Duke Power Co., v. Carolina Study Group, Inc.,438 U.S. 59 (1977) — 12:175, 12:178,12:192
Duke v. Guld & Western Mfg. Co., 660 S.W.2d404 (Mo. App. 1983) — 4:235
Dulieu v. White & Sons, [1901] 2 K.B. 669 —6:151–52
Duncan v. Cessna Aircraft Co., 665 S.W.2d 414(Tex.1984) — 8:153
Dunkin v. Syntex Labs, Inc., 443 F.Supp. 121(W.D.Tenn.1977) — 11:93
Dunn v. Kanawha County Bd. of Educ., 459S.E.2d 151 (W.Va. 1995) — 9:23, 9:92–93
Dunn v. Wixon Bros., 493 So.2d 1356 (Ala.1986) — 10:68
Dupont v. Preston, 9 P.3d 1193 (Colo. App.2000) — 7:71
Duprey v. Shane, 249 P.2d 8 (Cal. 1952) —5:282–83
Duran v. General Motors Corp., 688 P.2d 779(N.M. App. 1983) — 10:362
Durden v. Hydro Flame Corp., 983 P.2d 943(Mont. 1999) — 4:213
Durham v. Ciba-Geigy Corp., 315 N.W.2d 696(S.D. 1982) — 3:236
Durniak v. August Winter & Sons, Inc., 610A.2d 1277 (Conn. 1992) — 12:100
Dwyer v. Skyline Apartments, Inc., 301 A.2d463 (N.J. 1973) — 3:245–46, 4:402
EAC USA, Inc. v. Kawa, 805 So.2d 1 (Fla. App.2001) — 5:268
Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. v. Balbos, 604A.2d 445 (Md. 1992) — 10:146
East River S.S. Corp. v. Transamerica DelavalInc., 476 U.S. 858 (1986) — 2:138, 7:218
Easterly v. HSP of Texas, Inc., 772 S.W.2d 211,214 (Tex App. 1989) — 11:166
Eastern Airlines v. McDonnell Douglas Corp,532 F.2d 957 (5th Cir. 1976) — 3:243–44
Eckert v. Long Island R. Co., 43 N.Y. 502(1871) — 5:39, 8:67
Edwards v. California Chemical Co., 245 So.2d259 (Fla. App. 1971) — 4:374, 10:140
Edwards v. Keck, 288 N.W. 875 (Iowa 1939) —8:67
Ehlinger v. Sipes, 454 N.W.2d 754 (Wis. 1990)—6:8
Elam v. Alcolac, Inc., 765 S.W.2d 42 (Mo. App.1988) — 6:10
Elgin Airport Inn, Inc. v. Commonwealth Edison,432 N.E.2d 259 (Ill. 1982)—4:111, 4:306
Eli-Lilly & Company, Prozac Products LiabilityLitigation, In re, 789 F.Supp. 1448(S.D.Ind. 1992) — 11:48
Elite Professionals, Inc., v. Carrier Corp., 827P.2d 1195 (Kan. App. 1992) — 8:17
Eller v. Shova, 630 So.2d 537 (Fla. 1993) —5:270
Elliot v. Callan, 466 P.2d 600 (Or. 1970) —1:113
Ellithorpe v. Ford Motor Co., 503 S.W.2d 516(Tenn. 1973) — 8:161
Elmore v. Owens-Illinois, Inc., 673 S.W.2d 434(Mo. 1984) — 4:326, 4:338
Elsroth v. Johnson & Johnson, 700 F.Supp. 151(S.D.N.Y. 1988) — 6:106, 10:170
Ely v. General Motors Corp., 927 S.W.2d 774(Tex. App. 1996) — 10:246
Embs v. Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co. of Lexington,528 S.W.2d 703 (Ky. 1975) 4:44
Empire Casualty Co. v. St. Paul Fire & MarineIns. Co., 764 P.2d 1191 (Colo. 1988)—5:61
Endresz v. Friedberg, 248 N.E.2d 901 (N.Y.1969) — 5:60
English v. New England Medical Center, Inc., 541N.E.2d 329 (Mass. 1989)—12:218, 12:305
English, United States v., 521 F.2d 63 (9th Cir.1975) — 7:72
Enright by Enright v. Eli Lilly & Co., 570N.E.2d 198 (N.Y. 1991) — 5:68, 5:70–71
Enriquez v. Cochran, 967 P.2d 1136 (N.M.1998) — 1:29
Entron Inc. v. General Cablevision of Palatka,435 F.2d 995 (5th Cir. 1970) — 3:207
Eppler v. Ciba-Geigy Corp., 860 F.Supp. 1391(W.D.Mo. 1994) — 5:314
Epstein v. Eastman Kodak Co., Inc., 638N.Y.S.2d 490 (App. Div. 1996) — 8:79
Erdman v. Johnson Bros. Radio & TelevisionCo., 271 A.2d 744 (Md. 1970) — 8:82–83
Erie Ins. Co. v. Hickman, 622 N.E.2d 515 (Ind.1993) — 7:307
Erie R. Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64 (1938) —1:87
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Escola v. Coca Cola Co. of Fresno, 150 P.2d 436(Cal. 1944) — 4:114–17, 10:113–14,10:171–74
Estate of Elkerson v. North Jersey Blood Center,776 A.2d 244 (N.J. Super. App. Div. 2001)—10:35
Estate of Foronda v. Hawaii International Box-ing Club, 25 P.3d 826 (Haw. App. 2001) —8:140–41, 8:150, 8:152
Estate of Kimmel v. Clark Equip. Co., 773F.Supp. 828 (W.D.Va. 1991) — 5:79
Estate of Warren v. American Marine Holdings,2002 WL 818296 (D.N.H. 2002) — 8:186,8:203–04
Estate of White ex rel. White v. R.J. ReynoldsTobacco Co., 109 F.Supp.2d 424 (D.Md.2000) — 2:22, 5:78
Estell v. Myers, 56 Miss. 800 (1879) — 2:123Etheridge v. Medical Center Hospitals, 376
S.E.2d 525 (Va. 1989) — 12:215,12:240–41, 12:305, 12:333–37, 12:346
eToll, Inc. v. Elias/Savion Advertising Inc., 811A.2d 10 (Pa. Super. 2002) — 7:276
E-Ton Dynamics Industrial Corp. v. Hall, 115S.W.3d 816 (Ark. App. 2003) — 7:23–24
Eusley v. Strato-Lift, Inc., 134 F.Supp. 2d 1191(D.Or. 2001) — 12:142
Evans ex rel. Kutch v. State, 56 P.3d 1046(Alaska 2002) — 12:217, 12:225, 12:305,12:314, 12:333, 12:346
Evans v. Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc., 5 P.3d1043 (Nev. 2000) — 7:307
Evans v. General Motors Corp., 2004 WL239867 (Iowa App. 2004) — 4:156
Evans v. General Motors Corp., 359 F.2d 822(7th Cir. 1966) — 4:86–87
Evans v. J. Stiles, Inc., 689 S.W.2d 399 (Tex.1985) — 4:394
Evergreen Amusement Corporation v.Milstead, 112 A.2d 901 (Md. 1955) —7:40
Evich v. Morris, 819 F.2d 256 (9th Cir. 1987) —7:172
Ewan v. McLean Trucking Co., 706 P.2d 929(Or. 1985) — 4:145
Exxon Valdez, In re, 270 F.3d 1215 (9th Cir.2001) — 7:302
F.H. Ross & Co. v. White, 161 S.E.2d 857 (Ga.1968) — 9:6
Fairchild Industries v. Maritime Air Service,Ltd., 333 A.2d 313 (Md. 1975) — 3:215
Falk v. Keene Corp., 782 P.2d 974 (Wash.1989) — 4:173
Fallon v. Clifford B. Hannay & Son, Inc., 550N.Y.S.2d 135 (App. Div. 1989) — 4:189,4:227–29
Falzone v. Busch, 214 A.2d 12 (N.J. 1965)—7:92Fargo Machine and Tool Co. v. Kearney &
Trecker Corp., 428 F.Supp. 364 (E.D.Mich.1977) — 3:211
Farley v. Engelker, 740 P.2d 1058 (Kan. 1987) —12:128
Farmland Mutual Ins. Co. v. Johnson, 36S.W.3d 368 (Ky. 2000) — 12:317
Farrell v. General Motors Corp., 815 P.2d 538(Kan. 1991) — 3:233
Federal Ins. Co. v. Ferrellgas, Inc., 961 P.2d 511(Colo. App. 1997) — 7:48
Federal Petroleum Co. v. Gas Equipment Co.,105 S.W.3d 281 (Tex. App. 2003) — 9:76
Fein v. Calvin Klein, Ltd., 549 N.Y.S.2d 692(App. Div. 1990) — 10:82
Fein v. Permanente Medical Group, 474 U.S.892 (1985) — 12:249, 12:251, 12:305
Fein v. Permanente Medical Group, 695 P.2d665 (Cal. 1985) — 12:177, 12:250,12:252–53, 12:256–57, 12:299, 12:305
Feldman v. Lederle Laboratories, 479 A.2d 374(N.J. 1984) — 4:337, 10:84–85, 11:52
Felguer v. Anderson, 133 N.W.2d 136 (Mich.1965) — 8:132
Felix v. Akzo Nobel Coatings, Inc., 692 N.Y.S.2d413 (App. Div. 1999) — 4:158
Fell v. Kewanee Farm Equip. Co., a Division ofAllied Products, 457 N.W.2d 911 (Iowa1990) — 5:79
Fell v. Zimath, 575 A.2d 267 (Del. Super.1989) — 8:132
Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc.,523 U.S. 340 (1998) — 12:151–52
Fender v. Colonial Stores, Inc., 225 S.E.2d 691(Ga. App. 1976) — 3:119
Ferebee v. Chevron Chemical Co., 736 F.2d1529 (D.C. Cir. 1984) — 5:308, 5:311
Feres v. United States, 340 U.S. 135 (1950) —5:457–58, 5:491
Ferguson v. Marshall Contractors, Inc., 707A.2d 660 (R.I. 1998) — 9:131
Fernandez v. Ford Motor Co., 879 P.2d 101(N.M. 1994) — 4:222, 4:229
Fernandez v. Union Bookbinding Co., Inc., 507N.E.2d 728 (Mass. 1987) — 3:226
Fick v. Pilsener Brewing Co., 86 N.E.2d 616(Ohio Com. Pl. 1949) — 10:127
Fidelity Federal Sav. and Loan Ass’n v. de laCuesta, 458 U.S. 141 (1982) — 5:305
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Firestone Steel Products Co. v. Barajas, 927S.W.2d 608 (Tex. 1996) — 5:223–24
Fischer v. Moore, 517 P.2d 458 (Colo. 1973) —8:189
Fishbones, Inc. v. Southern Boat Service ofLa., Inc., 849 So.2d 803 (La. App.2003) — 7:62
Fisher v. Johns-Manville Corp., 512 A.2d 466(N.J. 1986) — 7:316, 7:317, 3:318
Fiske v. MacGregor, Div. of Brunswick, 464A.2d 719 (R.I. 1983) — 8:116
Fitz v. Dolyak, 712 F.2d 330 (8th Cir. 1983) —12:194
Fitzgerald v. Mallinckrodt, 681 F.Supp. 404(E.D.Mich. 1987) — 5:314
Flanagan v. Prudhomme, 644 A.2d 51 (N.H.1994) — 8:180
Fleck v. Bollinger Home Corp., 63 Cal. Rptr. 2d407 (Cal. App. 1997) — 4:403–04, 4:405
Fletcher v. Illinois Central & Gulf RR Co., 679S.W.2d 240 (Ky. App. 1984) — 5:48
Florenzano v. Olson, 387 N.W.2d 168 (Minn.1986) — 2:227
Florida Power & Light v. Westinghouse ElectricCo., 510 So.2d 899 (Fla. 1987) — 7:242
Florida Rock & Tank Lines, Inc. v. Moore, 365S.E.2d 836 (Ga. 1988) — 2:62–64, 2:72
FMC Finance Corp. v. Murphree, 632 F.2d 413(5th Cir. 1980) — 3:235
Ford Motor Co. v. Bland, 517 S.W.2d 641 (Tex.Civ. App. 1974) — 10:445
Ford Motor Co. v. Moulton, 511 S.W.2d 690(Tenn. 1974) — 3:258, 8:31
Ford Motor Co. v. Rice, 726 So.2d 626(Ala.1998) — 7:108
Ford Motor Co. v. Stubblefield, 319 S.E.2d 470(Ga. 1984) — 10:386
Ford Motor Co. v. Taylor, 446 S.W.2d 521(Tenn. App. 1969) — 3:193
Ford Motor Co. v. Wagoner, 192 S.W.2d 840(Tenn. 1946) — 5:96, 6:135–37
Ford Motor Co. v. Zahn, 265 F.2d 729 (8th Cir.1959) — 4:77–78
Ford Motor Co., Vehicle Paint Litigation, In re,182 F.R.D. 214 (E.D.La. 1998) — 2:88
Ford v. American Motors Corp., 770 F.2d 465(5th Cir. 1985) — 5:464–65
Ford v. GACS, Inc., 265 F.3d 670 (8th Cir.2001) — 8:180
Ford v. Harnischerfeger Corp., 365 F.Supp. 602(E.D.Pa. 1973) — 4:233
Foremost Ins. Co. v. Parham, 693 So.2d 409(Ala. 1997) — 2:91
Forma Scientific, Inc. v. BioSera, Inc., 960 P.2d108 (Colo. 1998) — 10:105–06
Fowler v. Happy Goodman Family, 575 S.W.2d496 (Tenn. App. 1978) — 2:98
Fox v. Ford Motor Co., 575 F.2d 774 (10th Cir.1978) — 10:356
Foyle v. Lederle Laboratories, 674 F.Supp. 530(E.D.N.C. 1987) — 11:217
Frank v. DaimlerChrysler Corp., 741 N.Y.S.2d 9(App. Div. 2002) — 7:108
Franklin v. Mazda Motor Corp., 704 F.Supp.1325 (D.Md. 1989) — 12:163, 12:165,12:176–77, 12:179–80
Franz v. Cantrell, 711 N.E.2d 856 (Ind. App.1999) — 3:176–78
Fred’s Excavating and Crane Service v. Taylor,340 So.2d 1220 (Fla. App. 1976) — 3:193
Freeman v. Hoffman-LaRoche, Inc., 618N.W.2d 827 (Neb. 2000) — 11:52,11:66–72
Freeman v. Myers, 774 S.W.2d 892 (Mo. App.1989) — 2:10
Freightliner Corp. v. Myrick, 514 U.S. 280(1995) — 5:353–54
French v. Willman, 599 A.2d 1151 (Me.1991) — 1:127
Freyermuth v. Lutify, 382 N.E.2d 1059 (Mass.1978) — 6:161, 6:165
Friedman v. General Motors Corp., 331 N.E.2d702 (Ohio 1975) — 10:121
Friedman v. Merck & Co., 131 Cal. Rptr.2d 885(Cal. App. 2003) — 2:186–87, 11:124–25
Friends for All Children, Inc. v. Lockheed Air-craft Corp., 746 F.2d 816 (D.D.C. 1984) —7:135
Fries v. Stieben, 455 F. Supp. 1204 (D.S.D.1978) — 7:181
Frye v. Medicare-Glaser Corp., 605 N.E.2d 557(Ill. 1992) — 11:189
Frye v. United States, 293 F. 1013 (App. D.C.1923) — 10:450–51
Fulbright v. Klamath Gas Co., 533 P.2d 316 (Or.1975) — 4:38
Fuller v. Preis, 322 N.E.2d 263 (N.Y. 1974) —6:162–63
Fundin v. Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., 199Cal. Rptr. 789 (Cal. App. 1984) — 3:19,3:197
Funding Systems Leasing Corp. v. King LouieInt’l Inc., 597 S.W.2d 624 (Mo. App.1979) — 3:234
Gagne v. Bertran, 275 P.2d 15 (Cal. 1954) —4:56
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Galloway v. State, 654 So.2d 1345 (La. 1995) —1:127
Gangi v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 360 A.2d 907(Conn. Super. 1976) — 8:216
Garcia v. Halsett, 82 Cal. Rptr. 420 (Cal. App.1970) — 4:37
Garcia v. Joseph Vince Co., 148 Cal. Rptr. 843(Cal. App. 1978) — 10:269–71
Garcia v. Superior Court, 268 Cal. Rptr. 779(Cal. 1990) — 2:173
Gardiner v. Gray, 4 Camp. 144, 171 Eng. Rep.46 (1815) — 3:140–41
Gardner v. Q.H.S., Inc., 448 F.2d 238 (4th Cir.1971) — 4:80, 4:354, 4:368–70
Garis v. Conmat Engineering, Ltd., 1996 WL36146 (9th Cir. 1996) — 4:222
Garnes v. Gulf & Western Mfg. Co., 789 F.2d637 (8th Cir. 1986) — 1:26, 1:44–45
Gaspard v. United States, 713 F.2d 1097 (5thCir. 1983) — 5:460
Gates v. Foley, 247 So.2d 40 (Fla. 1971) — 7:184Gaubert, United States v., 499 U.S. 315
(1991) — 5:446–49, 5:469Gavitt v. Monaco Coach Corp., 616 N.W.2d 175
(Mich. App. 2000) — 10:7Gawloski v. Miller Brewing Co., 644 N.E.2d 731
(Ohio App. 1994) — 2:265–68Gazo v. City of Stamford, 765 A.2d 505 (Conn.
2001) — 12:76Gebhardt v. Mentor Corp., 191 F.R.D. 180
(D.Ariz. 1999) — 11:76Geier v. American Honda Motor Co., Inc., 529
U.S. 861 (2000) — 5:368, 5:370–87, 5:405,5:409, 5:413
Gelsumino v. E.W. Bliss Co., 295 N.E.2d 110(Ill. App. 1973) — 10:42
Gemco-Ware, Inc. v. Rongene Mold and PlasticsCorp., 360 S.E.2d 342 (Va. 1987)—9:124
General Elec. Co. v. Joiner, 522 U.S. 136(1997) — 10:462–64
General Motors Corp. v. Hopkins, 548 S.W.2d344 (Tex. 1977) — 8:111
General Motors Corp. v. Howard, 244 So.2d726 (Miss. 1971) — 2:247–48
General Motors Corp. v. Saint, 646 So.2d 564(Ala. 1994) — 8:191
General Motors Corp. v. Sanchez, 997 S.W.2d584 (Tex. 1999) — 4:170
General Motors Type III Door Latch Litigation,In re, 2001 WL 103434 (N.D.Ill. 2001) —4:435
Gentile v. Altermatt, 363 A.2d 1 (Conn.1975) — 12:263, 12:265–67, 12:277
George v. Parke-Davis, 733 P.2d 507 (Wash.1987) — 10:328–29
George v. Skivington, (1869) L.R. 5 Ex. 1 —5:128
GES, Inc. v. Corbitt, 21 P.3d 11 (Nev. 2001) —10:192–93, 10:213
Getchell v. Lodge, 65 P.3d 50 (Alaska 2003) —1:121
Ghionis v. Deer Valley Resort Company, Ltd.,839 F.Supp. 789 (D.Utah 1993) — 8:16
Gideon v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp., 761 F.2d1129 (5th Cir. 1985) — 8:168, 12:54
Gilbert & Bennett Mfg. Co. v. WestinghouseElectric Co., 445 F.Supp. 537 (D.Mass1977) — 3:189–90
Gilbert H. Moen Co. v. Island Steel Erectors,Inc., 878 P.2d 1246 (Wash. App. 1994) —10:205
Gill v. Russo, 39 S.W.3d 717 (Tex. App. 2003) —12:219
Gilliam v. Hi-Temp Products Inc., 677 N.W.2d856 (Mich. App. 2003) — 10:247–51
Gilliam v. Indiana Nat’l Bank, 337 So.2d 352(Ala. Civ. App. 1976) — 3:214
Gillispie v. Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., 187S.E.2d 441 (N.C. App. 1972) — 3:119
Gindy Mfg. Corp. v. Cardinale Trucking Corp.,268 A.2d 345 (N.J. Super. L. 1970) —3:173, 3:216–17
Ginnis v. Mapes Hotel Corp., 470 P.2d 135(Nev. 1970) — 10:98
Giorgi v. Pacific Gas & Electric Co., 72 Cal.Rptr. 119 (Cal. App. 1968) — 5:59
Girand v. Quincy Farm and Chemical, 6 P.3d104 (Wash. App. 2000) — 2:37
Glassman v. Wyeth Labs, Inc., 606 N.E.2d 338(Ill. App. 1992) — 11:52
Glassner v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 223 F.3d343 (6th Cir.2000) — 2:21
Gleich v. General Motors Corp., 277 N.E.2d 566(Ohio App. 1971) — 3:144
Glenn, United States v., 231 F.2d 884 (9th Cir.1956) — 5:425
Gnirk v. Ford Motor Co., 572 F. Supp. 1201(D.S.D. 1983) — 7:79, 7:151–53
Gober v. Revlon, Inc., 317 F.2d 47 (4th Cir.1963) — 5:255
Gober v. United States, 778 F.2d 1552 (11th Cir.1986) — 5:444–45
Godoy v. Abamaster of Miami, Inc., 754N.Y.S.2d 301 (App. Div. 2003) — 9:75
Goedkoop v. Ward Pavement Corp., 378N.Y.S.2d 417 (App. Div. 1976) — 6:132
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Golden v. Conway, 128 Cal. Rptr. 69 (Cal. App.1976) — 4:398, 4:408
Goldfarb v. Teitelbaum, 540 N.Y.S.2d 263 (App.Div. 1989) — 4:69
Goldman v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp., 514N.E.2d 691 (Ohio 1987) — 10:333
Goldman v. Strough Real Estate, Inc., 770N.Y.S.2d 94 (App. Div. 2003) — 2:97
Goldman v. Walco Tool & Engineering Co., 614N.E.2d 42 (Ill. App. 1993) — 5:253
Golonka v. General Motors Corp., 65 P.3d 956(Ariz. App. 2003) — 10:146, 10:153,10:154, 10:159, 10:162, 10:167
Golt v. Sports Complex, Inc., 644 A.2d 989(Del. Super. 1994) — 4:35
Gomulka v. Yavapai Mach. and Auto Parts, Inc.,745 P.2d 986 (Ariz. App. 1987) — 4:146
Gonzalez v. Digital Equipment Corp., 8F.Supp.2d 194 (E.D.N.Y. 1998) — 4:214
Good v. A.B. Chance Co., 565 P.2d 217 (Colo.App. 1977) — 10:98
Goodbar v. Whitehead Bros., 591 F. Supp. 552(W.D.Va. 1984) — 1:36, 1:38–39, 4:340–42,5:215
Goodell v. ITT-Federal Support Services, Inc.,550 P.2d 1171 (Wash. App. 1976) — 7:168
Goodman v. National Gypsum Co., No. E-68314(Ga. Super. Ct., July 16, 1999)—10:434
Goodson v. Searle Labs., 471 F.Supp. 546(D.Conn.1978) — 11:93
Gordon v. Niagra Machine & Tool Works, 574F.2d 1182 (5th Cir. 1978) — 4:239, 4:243
Gordon v. Proctor & Gamble Distributing Co.,789 F.Supp. 1384 (W.D.Ky. 1992) —11:128–29
Gould Electronics Inc. v. United States, 220F.3d 169 (3rd Cir. 2000) — 9:126
Gourley ex rel. Gourley v. Nebraska MethodistHealth Systems, 663 N.W.2d 43 (Neb.2000) — 12:214, 12:247, 12:305,12:315–16, 12:346, 12:347–48
Govich v. North American Systems, Inc., 814P.2d 94 (N.M. 1991) — 5:42–46
Grady v. American Optical Corp., 702 S.W.2d911 (Mo. App. 1985) — 10:153
Graham v. American Cyanamid Co., 350 F.3d496 (6th Cir. 2003) — 2:130
Graham v. Joseph Ryerson & Sons, 292 N.W.2d704 (Mich. App. 1980) — 5:203–04
Grammatico v. United States, 109 F.3d 1198(7th Cir. 1997) — 5:466, 5:468–69
Gran v. Proctor & Gamble Co., 324 F.2d 309(5th Cir. 1963) — 5:248
Grange Mutual Cas. Co. v. City of Columbus,550 N.E.2d 524 (Ohio App. 1989) —12:135
Graves v. Church & Dwight Co., Inc., 631 A.2d1248 (N.J. Super. App. Div. 1993) — 10:13
Gray v. Lahl, 585 P.2d 664 (Or. 1978) — 1:114Gray v. Manitowoc Co., Inc., 771 F.2d 866 (5th
Cir. 1985) — 4:125–26Great Dane Trailer Sales, Inc. v. Malvern Pulp-
wood, Inc., 785 S.W.2d 13 (Ark. 1990) —3:192
Grecyalny v. Westinghouse Electric Corp., 723F.2d 1311 (7th Cir. 1983) — 5:79
Green v. A. B. Hagglund & Soner, 634 F.Supp.790 (D.Idaho 1986) — 3:28
Green v. Smith & Nephew AHP, Inc., 617N.W.2d 881 (Wis. 2000) — 5:247
Green v. Smith & Nephew AHP, Inc., 629N.W.2d 727 (Wis. 2001) — 4:298
Green v. Union Optical Center, Inc., 290N.W.2d 111 (Mich. App. 1980) —10:295–97
Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc., 377P.2d 897 (Cal. 1963) — 3:237–39, 4:20,4:71, 4:118–22
Greenwalt v. Ram Restaurant Corp. ofWyoming, 71 P.3d 717 (Wyo. 2003) —12:224
Gregory v. Cincinnati Inc., 538 N.W.2d 325(Mich. 1995) — 5:89
Gregory v. White Truck & Equipment Co., 323N.E.2d 280 (Ind. App. 1975) — 8:79
Greiner v. Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft,429 F. Supp. 495 (E.D.Pa. 1977) —10:150–52
Greist v. Phillips, 906 P.2d 789 (Or. 1995) —12:237
Grenada Steel Industries, Inc. v. Alabama Oxy-gen Co., Inc., 695 F.2d 883 (5th Cir.1983) — 10:8–9, 10:93, 10:99–101, 10:446
Griffin v. Tenneco Resins, Inc., 648 F. Supp. 964(W.D.N.C. 1986) — 10:307
Griggs v. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., 513 F.2d851 (8th Cir. 1975) — 4:359–60, 5:227–29,5:238, 5:240
Grimshaw v. Ford Motor Co., 174 Cal. Rptr.384 (Cal. App. 1981) — 1:66–67, 7:296–97
Griswold v. Gebbie, 17 A. 673 (Pa. 1889) — 2:40Group Health Plan, Inc. v. Philip Morris USA,
Inc., 347 F.3d 753 (8th Cir. 2003) — 10:11Grove Fresh Distributors, Inc. v. Flavor Fresh
Foods, Inc., 720 F.Supp 714 (N.D.Ill.1984) — 1:90–91
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Grover v. Eli Lilly & Co., 591 N.E.2d 696 (Ohio1992) — 5:75
Grundberg v. Upjohn Co., 813 P.2d 89 (Utah1991) — 1:131–32, 11:35–38, 11:62
Gryc v. Dayton-Hudson Corp., 297 N.W.2d 727(Minn. 1980) — 1:70–71, 1:130, 7:298–99
Guarino v. Mine Safety Appliance Co., 306N.Y.S.2d 942 (N.Y. 1969) — 5:39, 5:47
Guillory v. Domtar Industries Inc., 95 F.3d1320 (5th Cir. 1996) — 5:275
Gulden v. Crown Zellerbach Corp., 890 F.2d195 (9th Cir. 1989) — 5:275
Gumbs v. International Harvester, Inc., 718F.2d 88 (3rd Cir. 1983) — 3:41
Guzman v. St Francis Hosp., Inc., 623 N.W.2d776 (Wis. App. 2000) — 12:218, 12:221,12:305, 12:346
Haas v. Hayslip, 364 N.E.2d 1376 (Ohio1977) — 5:415
Habecker v. Clark Equipment Co., 942 F.2d 210(3rd Cir. 1991) — 4:205–06, 4:308
Hack v. Gillespie, 658 N.E.2d 1046 (Ohio1996) — 5:48
Hacket v. G.D. Searle & Co., 246 F.Supp.2d 591(W.D.Tex. 2002) — 11:48
Hadley v. Baxendale, 156 Eng. Rep. 145(1854) — 7:2–3
Hadley v. Hillcrest Dairy, Inc., 171 N.E.2d 293(Mass. 1961) — 3:118
Hageney v. Jackson Furniture of Danville, Inc.,746 So.2d 912 (Miss. App. 1999) —6:108–09
Hager v. Marshall, 505 S.E.2d 640 (W.Va.1998) — 9:99
Hahn v. Norfolk and Western Ry. Co., 608N.E.2d 683 (Ill. App. 1993) — 9:93
Hahn v. Sterling Drug, Inc., 805 F.2d 1480(11th Cir. 1986) — 4:366
Halberstam v. Welch, 705 F.2d 472 (D.C.Cir.1983) — 10:178
Hall v. E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co., Inc.,345 F.Supp. 353 (E.D.N.Y. 1972) — 10:217,10:219, 10:298–302, 10:304
Hall v. Gillins, 147 N.E.2d 352 (Ill. 1958) —12:279
Halliday v. Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc., 770 A.2d1072 (Md. App. 1999) — 6:122
Halliday v. Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc., 792 A.2d1145 (Md. 2002) — 4:296
Halpern v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp., 484So.2d 110 (La. 1986) — 4:179, 4:336
Halstead v. United States, 535 F.Supp. 782(D.Conn. 1982) — 4:430
Hamill v. Smith, 199 A.2d 343 (Conn. Super.1964) — 1:107
Hamilton v. Hardy, 549 P.2d 1099 (Colo. App.1976) — 11:93
Hammond v. Central Lane CommunicationsCenter, 816 P.2d 593 (Or. 1991) — 7:89
Hanberry v. Hearst Corp., 81 Cal. Rptr. 519(Cal. App. 1969) — 4:49
Hand v. Krakowski, 453 N.Y.S.2d 121 (App.Div. 1982) — 11:187
Handley v. Union Carbide Corp., 620 F.Supp.428 (S.D.W.Va. 1985) — 5:276, 5:278
Hanlon v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp., 599F.Supp. 376 (D.Iowa 1984) — 7:283
Hannah v. Gregg, Bland & Berry, Inc., 840So.2d 839 (Ala. 2002) — 4:170, 8:93
Hanover Ltd. v. Cessna Aircraft Co., 758 P.2d443 (Utah App. 1988) — 4:222, 9:47
Hansen v. Abrasive Engineering and Mfg., Inc.,856 P.2d 625 (Or. 1993) — 10:75
Hansen v. Mountain Fuel Supply Co., 858 P.2d970 (Utah 1993) — 7:135
Hanson v. Funk Seeds Int’l, 373 N.W.2d 30(S.D. 1985) — 3:236
Hanson v. Williams County, 389 N.W.2d 319(N.D. 1986) — 12:308, 12:310
Hardman v. Helene Curtis Industries, Inc.,198 N.E.2d 681 (Ill. App. 1964) —3:161–62
Hardy v. Gulf Oil Corp., 949 F.2d 826 (5th Cir.1992) — 9:2
Hardy v. St. Clair, 739 A.2d 368 (Me. 1999) —7:187–88
Harison-Gulley Chevrolet, Inc. v. Carr, 214S.E.2d 712 (Ga. App. 1975) — 3:226
Harkeson v. Parke-Davis, Inc., 656 P.2d 483(Wash. 1983) — 7:186
Harley Davidson Motor Co. v. Powersports,Inc., 319 F.3d 973 (7th Cir. 2003) — 7:249
Harpster v. Hetherington, 512 N.W.2d 585(Minn. 1994) — 6:86
Harris v. M & S Toyota, Inc., 575 So.2d 74 (Ala.1991) — 2:89–90
Harris-Teeter, Inc. v. Borroughts, 399 S.E.2d801 (Va. 1991) — 11:7
Hart-Albin Co. v. McLees Inc., 870 P.2d 51(Mont. 1994) — 8:205–06
Hartnett v. Tripp, 121 N.E. 17 (Mass. 1918) —6:40
Hartwig v. Oregon Trail Eye Clinic, 580 N.W.2d86 (Neb. 1998) — 7:123
Hatch v. Ford Motor Co., 329 P.2d 605 (Cal.App. 1958) — 1:70–80
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Hathaway v. Krumery, 716 P.2d 1287 (Idaho1986) — 7:168
Haugen v. Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Co., 550P.2d 71 (Wash. App. 1976) — 8:53–54
Hauter v. Zogarts, 534 P.2d 377 (Cal. 1975) —2:249, 3:59, 3:93, 3:95
Hawaii Federal Asbestos Cases, In re, 734F.Supp. 1563 (D.Haw. 1990) — 7:77
Hawkins v. Upjohn Co., 890 F.Supp. 609(E.D.Tex 1994) — 2:74–76
Haydel v. Hercules Transport, Inc., 654 So.2d418 (La. App. 1995) — 7:22
Hayes v. Ariens Co., 462 N.E.2d 273 (Mass.1984) — 4:326
Haymore v. Thew Shovel Co., 446 S.E.2d 865(N.C. App. 1994) — 1:30
Haynes v. American Motors Corp., 691 F.2d1268 (8th Cir. 1982) — 2:253
Hays v. General Electric Co., 151 F.Supp.2d1001 (N.D.Ill. 2001) — 3:223
Hazen v. Municipality of Anchorage, 718 P.2d456 (Alaska 1986) — 7:16
Heath v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 464 A.2d 288(N.H. 1983) — 12:275
Heaton v. Ford Motor Co., 435 P.2d 806 (Or.1967) — 4:128–30
Heaven v. Pender, [1882–83] L.R. 11 Q.B.D.503 (C.A. 1883) — 5:4–7
Hebron Public School Dist. No. 13 of MortonCounty, State of North Dakota v. U. S.Gypsum, 953 F.2d 398 (8th Cir. 1992) —7:289, 7:290
Hector v. Cedars-Sinai Medical Ctr., 225Cal.Rptr. 595 (Cal. App. 1986) — 4:69
Hedgepeth v. Fruehauf Corp., 634 F.Supp. 93(S.D.Miss. 1986) — 8:62
Hegyes v. Unjian Enterprises, Inc., 268 Cal.Rptr. 85 (Cal. App. 1991) — 5:61
Heil Co. v. Grant, 534 S.W.2d 916 (Tex. Civ.App. 1976) — 8:47–49
Held v. Ball, 507 N.Y.S.2d 98 (App. Div.1986) — 10:362
Helicord Gage Division of Am. Chair & CableCo. v. Howell, 511 S.W.2d 573 (Tex. Civ.App. 1974) — 4:222
Helinski v. Appleton Papers, 952 F.Supp. 266(D.Md. 1997) — 4:214
Hemphill v. Sayers, 552 F.Supp. 685 (S.D.Ill.1982) — 3:122–23
Henderson v. Sunbeam Corp., 46 F.3d 1151(10th Cir. 1995) — 10:415–18
Hendrickson v. Minnesota Power & Light Co.,104 N.W.2d 843 (Minn. 1960) — 9:65
Henley v. Philip Morris, Inc., 5 Cal. Rptr. 3d 42(Cal. App. 2003) — 10:403–04
Henning v. General Motors Assembly Div., 419N.W.2d 551 (Wis. 1988) — 5:299
Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc., 161A.2d 69 (N.J. 1960) — 3:12–14
Heredia v. Johnson, 827 F.Supp. 1522 (D.Nev.1993) — 11:133
Heritage v. Pioneer Brokerage & Sales, Inc., 604P.2d 1059 (Alaska 1979) — 4:214, 4:258
Herman v. Midland A.G. Service, Inc., 264N.W.2d 161 (Neb. 1978) — 3:118
Herman v. Welland Chemicals, Ltd., 580F.Supp. 823 (M.D.Pa. 1984) — 8:145
Hermann v. General Motors Corp., 720 F.2d414 (5th Cir. 1983) — 8:198
Hernandez v. Badger Construction EquipmentCo., 34 Cal. Rptr. 2d 732 (Cal. App.1994) — 5:91–92
Hernandez v. Nueces County Medical Soc.Community Blood Bank, 779 S.W.2d 867(Tex. App. 1989) — 10:35
Hernandez v. Tokai Corp., 2 S.W.3d 251 (Tex.1999) — 4:159
Hickman v. Fraternal Order of Eagles, Boise#115, 758 P.2d 704 (Idaho 1988) — 12:101
Hickman v. Thomas C. Thompson Co., 644F.Supp. 1531 (D.Colo. 1986) — 8:216
Hicks v. United States, 368 F.2d 626 (4th Cir.1966) — 5:462
Higgins v. Monsanto Co., 862 F.Supp. 751(N.D.N.Y. 1994) — 3:168
High v. Westinghouse Elec. Corp., 610 So.2d1259 (Fla. 1992) — 4:102–03
Hiigel v. General Motors Corp., 544 P.2d 983(Colo. 1975) — 3:231–32
Hill v. General Motors Corp., 637 S.W.2d 383(Mo. App. 1982) — 5:230–34, 5:236
Hill v. Husky Briquetting, Inc., 220 N.W.2d 137(Mich. App. 1974) — 1026
Hill v. Searle Laboratories, A Div. of SearlePharmaceuticals, Inc., 884 F.2d 1064 (8thCir. 1989) — 11:52
Hill v. Yaskin, 380 A.2d 1107 (N.J. 1997) —5:74
Hills v. Salt River Project Assn. 698 P.2d 216(Ariz. App. 1985) — 5:299
Hines v. Elkhart General Hosp., 465 F.Supp.421 (N.D.Ind. 1979) — 12:165
Hines v. Remmington Arms Co., 522 So.2d 152(La. App. 1988) — 10:392–93
Hinkamp v. American Motors Corp., 735F.Supp. 176 (E.D.N.C.1989) — 8:153
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Hinkle v. Rockville Motor Co., Inc., 278 A.2d42 (Md. App. 1971) — 2:125, 2:128
Hisrich v. Volvo Cars of North America, Inc.,226 F.3d 445 (6th Cir. 2000) — 10:407
Hochberg v. O’Donnell’s Restaurant, Inc., 272A.2d 846 (D.C. App. 1971) — 11:8
Hodder v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 426N.W.2d 826 (Minn. 1988) — 5:84, 5:116
Hodge v. Middletown Hosp. Assn., 581 N.E.2d529 (Ohio 1991) — 12:129
Hodges v. S. C. Toof & Co., 833 S.W.2d 896(Tenn. 1992) — 7:307
Hoff v. Zimmer, 746 F.Supp. 872(W.D.Wis.1990) — 4:69
Hoffman v. Sabre Marine, Inc., 407 So.2d 516(La.App. 1981) — 2:192
Hoffman v. United States, 767 F.2d 1431 (9thCir. 1986) — 12:191, 12:194
Hoffman-Rattet v. Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp.,516 N.Y.S.2d 856 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1987) —10:153
Hollenbeck v. Selectone Corp., 476 N.E.2d 746(Ill. App. 1985) — 6:102
Hollinger v. Shoppers Paradise of New Jersey,340 A.2d 687 (N.J. Super. L. 1975) —3:145–46
Holloway v. General Motors Corp., ChevroletDivision, 250 N.W.2d 736 (Mich. 1977) —10:115
Holman v. BIC Corp., 925 S.W.2d 527 (Tenn.1996) — 4:262, 4:270, 4:284, 4:293
Holmes v. American States Ins. Co., 1 P.3d 552(Utah App. 2000) — 3:19
Holt v. Deere & Co., 24 F.3d 1289 (10th Cir.1994) — 8:55–56
Holt v. Stihl, Inc., 449 F.Supp. 693 (E.D.Tenn.1977) — 8:120
Hon v. Stroh Brewery Co., 835 F.2d 510 (3rdCir. 1987) — 5:171
Honda of America Mfg., Inc. v. Norman, 104S.W.3d 600 (Tex. App. 2003) — 4:152–53
Honeywell, Inc. v. Minnesota Life and Health Ins.Co., 110 F.3d 547 (8th Cir. 1997)—12:169
Hoover v. Montgomery Ward & Co., Inc., 528P.2d 76 (Or. 1974) — 4:60–61
Hopkins v. Dow Corning Corp., 33 F.3d 1116(9th Cir. 1994) — 10:432
Horn v. Thoratec Corp., 376 F.3d 163 (3rd Cir.2004) — 5:357
Horner v. Spalitto, 1 S.W.3d 519 (Mo. App.1999) — 11:176
Horstman v. Farris, 725 N.E.2d 698 (Ohio App.1999) — 5:120, 6:119–21
Hoskins v. Business Men’s Assurance, 79 S.W.3d901 (Mo. 2002) — 12:28
House v. Armour of America, Inc., 886 P.2d542 (Utah App. 1994) — 5:200–01, 10:153
Houseman v. U.S. Aviation Underwriters, 171F.3d 1117 (7th Cir. 1999) — 10:277,10–283
Howell v. Clyde, 620 A.2d 1107 (Pa. 1993) —8:1
Howell v. Luckey, 518 S.E.2d 873 (W.Va.1999) — 9:110
Howell v. Methodist Health Care Jackson Hos-pitals, 856 So.2d 353 (Miss. App. 2003) —10:28
HTP, Ltd. v. Lineas Aereas Costarricenses, S.A.,685 So.2d 1238 (Fla. 1996) — 7:262
Hubbard v. General Motors Corp., 1996 WL274018 (S.D.N.Y. 1996) — 3:107
Hubbard v. McDonough Power Equipment,Inc., 404 N.E.2d 311 (Ill. App. 1980) —10:59
Hubbard-Hall Chemical Co. v. Silverman, 340F.2d 402 (1st Cir. 1965) — 4:323, 4:361
Huddell v. Levin, 537 F.2d 726 (3rd Cir.1976) — 10:345, 10:358–61
Hudiberg Chevrolet, Inc. v. General MotorsCorp., 114 S.W.3d 680 (Tex. App. 2003) —6:11
Huffman v. Caterpillar Tractor Co., 645 F.Supp.909 (D.Colo.1986) — 8:153
Hughes v. Massey-Ferguson, Inc., 522 N.W.2d294 (Iowa 1994) — 4:211
Humber v. Morton, 426 S.W.2d 554 (Tex.1968) — 4:394
Humes v. Clinton, 792 P.2d 1032 (Kan.1990) — 11:93
Hunt v. Ferguson-Paulus Enterprises, 415 P.2d13 (Or. 1966) — 11:26
Huron Tool and Engineering Co. v. PrecisionConsulting Services, Inc., 532 N.W.2d 541(Mich. App. 1995) — 7:256–61
Hutchins v. Schwartz, 724 P.2d 1194 (Alaska1986) — 8:187, 8:190
Hydraform Prods. Corp. v. American Steel &Aluminum Corp., 498 A.2d 339 (N.H.1985) — 7:29
Hyjek v. Anthony Industries, 944 P.2d 1036(Wash. 1997) — 4:154
Hymon v. Blaw Knox Co., 511 F.Supp. 646(E.D.Pa 1981) — 6:142, 6:147–48
Hymowitz v. Eli Lilly and Co., 541 N.Y.S.2d 941(N.Y. 1989) — 10:220, 10:225–26, 10:318,10:327–29
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Hyundi Motor Co. v. Rodriguez, 995 S.W.2d661 (Tex. 1999) — 3:41
Ice Bowl, LLC v. Weigel Broadcasting Co., 14F.Supp.2d 1080 (E.D.Wis. 1998) — 7:265,7:266
Idaho Dept. of Labor v Sunset Marts, Inc., 91P.3d 1111 (Idaho 2004) — 12:101
Imperial Stamp and Engraving Co., Inc. v. Bai-ley, 403 N.E.2d 294 (Ill. App. 1980) —3:211
Imperial Supply Co., Inc. v. Westwind Cosmet-ics, Inc., 829 F.Supp. 35 (E.D.N.Y. 1993) —3:169
Indianapolis Athletic Club, Inc. v. Alco Stan-dard Corp., 709 N.E.2d 1070 (Ind. App.1999) — 4:203
Indust-Ri-Chem Laboratory, Inc. v. Par-PakCo., Inc., 602 S.W.2d 282 (Tex. Civ. App.1980) — 3:69
Inland/Riggle Oil Co. v. Painter, 925 P.2d 1083(Colo. 1996) — 8:100–01
Insolia v. Philip Morris Inc., 216 F.3d 596 (7thCir. 2000) — 4:142
Insurance Co. of North America v. Cease Elec.Co., 674 N.W.2d 886 (Wis. App. 2003) —7:255, 7:268
Insurance. Co. of North America v. Paskarnis,451 So.2d 447 (Fla. 1984) — 8:197
International Harvester Co. v. Lawyer, 155 P.617 (Okla. 1916) — 3:99–100
International Petroleum Services Inc. v. S & NWell Service, Inc., 639 P.2d 29 (Kan.1982) — 3:193
Investors Premium Corp v. Burroughs Corp.,389 F.Supp. 39 (D.S.C. 1974) — 3:201
Ives v. South Buffalo Ry., 94 N.E. 431 (N.Y.1911) — 4:9
Jackson v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp., 781 F.2d394 (5th Cir. 1986) — 7:286
Jacobs Pharmacy Co. v. Gipson, 159 S.E.2d 171(Ga. App. 1967) — 11:199–201
Jacobs v. E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 67F.3d 1219 (6th Cir. 1995) — 4:170
James River Equipment Co. v. Beadle CountyEquipment, Inc., 646 N.W.2d 265 (S.D.2002) — 10:7
James v. Meow Media, Inc., 300 F.3d 683 (6thCir. 2002) — 4:427
James v. Strange, 407 U.S. 128 (1972) — 12:304Janelsins v. Button, 648 A.2d 1039 (Md. App.
1994) — 8:35Janssen v. Hook, 272 N.E.2d 385 (Ill. App.
1971) — 3:193
Jeannelle v. Thompson Medical Co., Inc., 613F.Supp. 346 (D.Mo. 1985) — 7:79
Jeffries v. Clark’s Restaurant Enterprises, Inc.,580 P.2d 1103 (Wash. App. 1978) — 11:8
Jenkins v. United States, 307 F.2d 637 (D.C. Cir.1962) — 10:408
Jennings v. Baxter Healthcare Corp., 14 P.3d596 (Or. 2000) — 10:433
Jennings v. BIC Corp., 181 F.3d 1250 (11th Cir.1999) — 4:98
Jensen v. Seigel Mobile Homes Group, 668 P.2d65 (Idaho 1983) — 3:197
Jenson v. Eveleth Traconite Co., 130 F.2d 1287(8th Cir. 1997) — 6:161
Jessop v. Angelo Benedetti, Inc., 2003 WL23114 (Ohio App. 2003) — 4:387–88
Jimenez v. Daimler Chrysler Corp., 269 F.3d439 (4th Cir. 2001) — 2:174–75
Jimenez v. Sears, Roebuck and Co., 904 P.2d861 (Ariz. 1995) — 8:213
Jimenez v. Superior Court, 58 P.3d 450 (Cal.2002) — 4:418
Jimenez v. Gulf & Western ManufacturingCompany, 458 So.2d 58 (Fla. App.1984) — 4:75, 4:238–39
JKT Co., Inc. v. Hardwick, 265 S.E.2d 510 (S.C.1980) — 3:28
Johansen v. Combustion Engineering, Inc., 834F. Supp. 404 (S.D.Ga. 1993) — 7:54
John & Jane Roes, 1-100 v. FHP, Inc., 985 P.2d666 (Haw. 1999) — 7:123
Johnson & Johnson v. Aetna Casualty andSurety Co., 667 A.2d 1087 (N.J. Super.App. Div. 1995) — 7:283
Johnson v. Anderson Ford, Inc., 686 So.2d 224(Ala. 1996) — 3:20
Johnson v. Clark Equipment Co., 547 P.2d 132(Or. 1976) — 8:75–78
Johnson v. Hannibal Mower Corp., 679 S.W.2d884 (Mo. App. 1984) — 10:42
Johnson v. John Deere Co., a Div. of Deere &Co., 935 F.2d 151 (8th Cir. 1991) —12:306–07, 12:309–10
Johnson v. Land O’Lakes, Inc., 18 F.Supp.2d985 (N.D.Iowa 1998) — 7:254
Johnson v. Miller, 371 N.W.2d 94 (Minn. App.1985) — 8:148–49
Johnson v. Niagra Machine & Tool Works, 555So.2d 88 (Ala. 1989) — 4:239
Johnson v. Paraplane Corp., 460 S.E.2d 398(S.C. App. 1995) — 8:5
Johnson v. Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc., 740 P.2d548 (Haw. 1987) — 4:203, 4:213, 4:336
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Johnson v. St. Vincent’s Hospital, 404 N.E.2d585 (Ind. 1980) — 12:287
Johnson v. T. L. James & Co., Inc., 809 So.2d287 (La. App. 2001) — 4:170
Johnson, United States v., 319 U.S. 503(1943) — 10:379
Johnston v. United States, 597 F.Supp. 374(D.Kan. 1984) — 10:437–38
Johnstone v. American Oil Co., 17 F.3d 1217(5th Cir. 1993) — 4:161
Joint Eastern & Southern District Asbestos Liti-gation, In re, 758 F.Supp. 199 (S.D.N.Y.1991) — 10:439
Jones v. American Tobacco Co., 17 F.Supp.2d706 (N.D.Ohio 1998) — 2:21
Jones v. Bennett, 703 A.2d 1008 (N.J. 1998) —1:127
Jones v. Cranman’s Sporting Goods, 237 S.E.2d402 (Ga. App. 1977) — 3:64–65
Jones v. Ford Motor Co., 559 S.E.2d 592 (Va.2002) — 8:93
Jones v. Hittle Service, 549 P.2d 1383 (Kan.1976) — 5:184
Jones v. J.B. Lippincott Co., 694 F.Supp. 1216(D.Md. 1988) — 4:425–26, 4:431
Jones v. Kellner, 451 N.E.2d 548 (Ohio App.1982) — 3:103
Jones v. Rath Packing Co., 430 U.S. 519(1977) — 5:302
Jones v. State Board of Medicine, 555 P.2d 399(Idaho 1976) — 12:287
Jordan v. Sunnyslope Appliance Propane &Plumbing Supplies Co., 660 P.2d 1236(Ariz. 1983) — 4:442
Jorgensen v. Meade Johnson Laboratories,Inc., 483 F.2d 237 (10th Cir. 1973) —5:62–64
Jourdain v. Dineen, 527 A.2d 1304 (Me.1987) — 2:134, 2:135
Junikki Imports, Inc. v. Toyota Motor Co., 335F.Supp. 593 (D.Ill. 1971) — 2:98
Jupiter Inlet Corp. v. Brocard, 546 So.2d 1 (Fla.App. 1988) — 10:76
Jurado v. Western Gear Works, 619 A.2d 1312(N.J. 1993) — 4:76, 4:92–93
Justin v. Guardian Ins. Co., 670 F. Supp. 614(D.V.I. 1987) — 7:307
Kaczkowski v. Bolubesz, 421 A.2d 1027 (Pa.1980) — 7:70
Kaempfe v. Lehn & Fink Products, Corp., 249N.Y.S.2d 840 (App. Div. 1964) — 5:252
Kaiserman v. Bright, 377 N.E.2d 261 (Ill. App.1978) — 7:140
Kalik v. Allis-Chalmers Corp., 658 F.Supp. 631(W.D.Pa. 1987) — 4:104
Kalinowski v. E.I. Du Pont De Nemours and Co.,851 F. Supp. 149 (E.D.Pa. 1994)—4:345–46
Kallio v. Ford Motor Co., 407 N.W.2d 92(Minn. 1987) — 4:171–73
Kansas City Southern Ry. Co., Inc. v. Johnson,798 So.2d 374 (Miss. 2001) — 7:68
Kansas Malpractice Victims Coalition v. Bell,757 P.2d 251 (Kan. 1988) — 12:202
Kansas Pac. Ry. Co. v. Dunmeyer, 19 Kan. 539(1878) — 12:232
Karibjanian v. Thomas Jefferson Univ. Hosp.,717 F.Supp. 1081 (E.D.Pa.1989) — 4:69
Karns v. Emerson Elec. Co., 817 F.2d 1452(10th Cir. 1987) — 4:173, 10:388–89,10:394–95
Kassab v. Central Soya, 246 A.2d 848 (Pa.1968) — 3:158
Kately v. Wilkinson, 195 Cal. Rptr. 902 (Cal.App. 1983) — 7:154–57
Katz v. Slade, 460 S.W.2d 608 (Mo. 1970) —4:36
Kaydon Acquisition Corp. v. Custum Mfg., Inc.,301 F.Supp. 2d 945 (N.D.Iowa 2004) —9:44, 9:101
Kearl v. Lederle Laboratories, 218 Cal. Rptr. 453(Cal. App. 1985) — 11:39–43
Keck v. Dryvit Systems, Inc., 830 So.2d 1 (Ala.2002) — 4:417, 4:419
Keen v. Ashot Ashkelon, Ltd., 748 S.W.2d 91(Tex. 1988) — 8:50–52
Keen v. Dominick’s Finer Foods, Inc., 364N.E.2d 502 (Ill. App. 1977) — 4:39–40
Keene v. Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc., 121F.Supp.2d 1063 (E.D.Tex. 2000) — 5:181
Keller v. Welles Dept. Store of Racine, 276N.W.2d 319 (Wis. App. 1979) — 4:138,4:140
Kelley v. Hanover Ins. Co., 722 So.2d 1133 (La.App. 1998) — 5:120
Kelley v. John R. Dailey Co., 181 P. 326 (Mont.1919) — 1:106
Kelley v. R.G. Indus., Inc., 497 A.2d 1143 (Md.1985) — 4:176
Kelly v. Hanscom Bros., Inc., 331 A.2d 737 (Pa.Super. 1974) — 9:72–73
Kelly v. Rival Mfg. Co., 704 F. Supp. 1039(W.D.Okla. 1989) — 4:142
Kelly-Springfield Tire Co. v. Mobil Oil Corp.,551 P.2d 671 (Okla. App. 1975) — 9:37–42
Keltner v. Ford Motor Co., 748 F.2d 1265 (8thCir.1984) — 8:153
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Kemp v. Medtronic, Inc., 231 F.3d 216 (6th Cir.2000) — 1:93–94, 1:100
Kennedy v. Collagen Corp., 161 F.3d 1226 (9thCir. 1995) — 10:432
Kennedy v. Cumberland Engineering Co., Inc.,471 A.2d 195 (R.I. 1984) — 12:275
Kennedy v. Flo-Tronics, Inc., 143 N.W.2d 827(Minn. 1966) — 2:95
Kentucky Utilities Co. v. Auto Crane Co., 674S.W.2d 15 (Ky. 1983) — 5:157
Keogh v. W.R. Grasle, Inc., 816 P.2d 1343(Alaska 1991) — 10:6, 10:45
Kerns v. Engelke, 369 N.E.2d 1284 (Ill. App.1977) — 6:68–71
Keys v. Rehabilitation Centers, Inc., 574 So.2d579 (Miss. 1990) — 9:101
Kiessling v. Northwest Greyhound Lines, 229P.2d 335 (Wash. 1951) — 10:373–74
Kilgore v. Shepard Co., 158 A. 720 (R.I.1932) — 10:110–11
Kimbell Foods, Inc., United States v., 440 U.S.715 (1979) — 5:488
King v. Danek Medical, Inc., 37 S.W.3d 429(Tenn. App. 2000) — 1:74
King v. E.I. Dupont De Nemours and Co., 996F.2d 1346 (1st Cir. 1993) — 5:351
King v. Ford Motor Co., 209 F.3d 886 (6th Cir.2000) — 5:186
Kings County Tobacco Litigation, In re, 727N.Y.S.2d 241 (N.Y. Sup. 2000) — 10:183
Kinsman Transit Co., Petition of, 338 F.2d 708(2d Cir. 1964) — 7:198–200
Kinsman Transit Co., Petition of, 388 F.2d 821(2d Cir. 1968) — 7:198, 7:201
Kirashige v. Indian Dunes, Inc. 246 Cal. Rptr.310 (Cal. App. 1988) — 8:6
Kirk v. Denver Publishing Co., 818 P.2d 262(Colo. 1991) — 7:309, 12:28
Kirk v. Michael Reese Hosp. and Medical Cen-ter, 513 N.E.2d 387 (Ill. 1987) — 5:30–31
Kirk v. Stineway Drug Store Co., 187 N.E.2d307 (Ill. App. 1963) — 3:220
Kirkland v. Blaine County Medical Center, 4 P.3d1115 (Idaho 2000)—12:215, 12:218, 12:346
Kisor v. Johns-Manville Corp., 783 F.2d 1337(9th Cir. 1986) — 4:336, 4:338
Kitchens v. Winter Co. Builders, Inc., 289S.W.2d 807 (Ga. App. 1982) — 8:66
Klages v. General Ordnance Equipment Corp.,367 A.2d 304 (Pa. Super. 1976) —2:274–77, 6:98–99
Klempka v. G.D. Searle & Co., 769 F. Supp.1061 (D.Minn.1991) — 11:93
Klingshirn v. McNeal, 520 S.E.2d 761 (Ga. App.1999) — 7:56–57
Kloepfer v. Honda Motor Co., 898 F.2d 1452(10th Cir. 1990) — 10:145
KLPR T.V., Inc. v. Visual Elec. Corp., 465 F.2d1382 (8th Cir. 1972) — 3:104
Kluger v. White, 281 So.2d 1 (Fla. 1973) —12:276–77
K-Mart Corp. v. Chairs, Inc., 506 So.2d 7 (Fla.App. 1987) — 9:78
Knapp Shoes, Inc. v. Sylvania Shoe Mfg. Corp.,72 F.3d 190 (1st Cir. 1995)—3:53–54, 3:179
Kneibel v. RRM Enterprises, 506 N.W.2d 664(Minn. App. 1993) — 11:25–26
Knight v. Jewett, 11 Cal. Rptr. 2d 2 (Cal.1992) — 8:151
Knight v. Just Born, Inc., 2000 WL 924624(D.Or. 2000) — 11:3–4
Kocienba v. G.D. Searle & Co., 680 F.Supp.1293 (D.Minn. 1988) — 11:52
Koellmer v. Chrysler Motors Corp., 276 A.2d807(Conn. Cir. Ct. App. Div. 1970)—3:155
Kohl v. American Home Products Corp., 78F.Supp.2d 885 (W.D.Ark. 1999) — 11:142
Koonce v. Quaker Safety Products & Mfg. Co.,798 F.2d 700 (5th Cir. 1986) — 5:202,5:205–06
Koons v. Shelbourne Motor Co., 31 P.2d 573(Okla. 1934) — 7:168
Kosters v. Seven-Up Co., 595 F.2d 347 (6th Cir.1979) — 4:50–52
Kotler v. American Tobacco Co., 731 F.Supp. 50(D.Mass. 1990) — 4:178
Kozlowski v. John E. Smith’s Sons Co., 275N.W.2d 915 (1979) — 5:108–10
Kramer Service v. Wilkins, 186 So. 625 (Miss.1939) — 10:137–38
Kramer v. Piper Aircraft Corp., 520 So.2d 37(Fla. 1988) — 3:34–35, 3:37, 3:149
Kramer v. Showa Denko K.K., 929 F.Supp. 733(S.D.N.Y. 1996) — 7:20
Krasney-Kaplan Corp. v. Flo-Tork, Inc., 1991WL 199532 (Ohio App. 1991) — 9:45
Krause v. Sud-Aviation, Societe Nationale DeConstructions Aeronautiques, 301 F.Supp513 (S.D.N.Y. 1968) — 3:143
Krengel v. Midwest Automatic Photo, Inc., 203N.W.2d 841 (Minn. 1973) — 10:239,10:242–44
Kriegler v. Eichler Homes, Inc., 74 Cal. Rptr.749 (Cal. App. 1969) — 4:390–91, 4:393
Kroger Co. v. Beck, 375 N.E.2d 640 (Ind. App.1978) — 7:76
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Kroger v. Bauer, 117 P.2d 50, 52 (Cal. App.1941) — 7:190
Krueger v. General Motors Co., 783 P.2d 1340(Mont. 1989) — 4:152, 10:145
Kubrick, United States v., 444 U.S. 111(1979) — 5:420
Kudlacek v. Fiat S.p.A., 509 N.W.2d 603 (Neb.1994) — 4:214
Kuhnert v. John Morrell & Co. Meat Packing,Inc., 5 F.3d 303 (8th Cir. 1993) — 5:275
Kumho Tire Co., Ltd. v. Carmichael, 526 U.S.137 (1999) — 10:459:61, 10:465
Kwipco, Inc. v. General Trailer Co., Inc., 515P.2d 1317 (Or. 1973) — 7:30
“L” Investments, Ltd., v. Lynch, 322 N.W.2d651 (Neb. 1982) — 7:52
LaBelle ex rel. LaBelle v. Philip Morris, Inc.,243 F.Supp.2d 508 (D.S.C. 2001) — 4:170
LaBelle v. McCauley Indus. Corp., 649 F.2d 46(1st Cir. 1981) — 5:79
Lacy v. G.D. Searle & Co., 567 A.2d 398 (Del.1989) — 11:93
LaGrotte v. Bottling Co., 70 Pa. D. & C. 145(1948) — 7:32
Lahocki v. Contee Sand & Gravel Co., Inc.,398 A.2d 490 (Md. App. 1979) —10:347–49
LaHue v. General Motors Corp., 716 F. Supp.407 (W.D.Mo. 1989) — 8:196, 8:199
Laidlow v. Hariton Machinery Co., 790 A.2d884 (N.J. 2002) — 5:267
Laird v. Nelms, 406 U.S. 797 (1972) — 5:440Lakeman v. Otis Elevator Co., 930 F.2d 1547
(11th Cir. 1991) — 4:346Lakin v. Senco Products, Inc., 987 P.2d 463 (Or.
1999) — 12:202, 12:203, 12:205–09Lamb v. York, 247 N.E.2d 197 (Ind. 1969) —
10:390Lambertson v. Cincinnati Welding Corp., 257
N.W.2d 679 (Minn. 1977) — 9:135Lamkin v. Towner, 563 N.E.2d 449 (Ill. 1990) —
4:266, 4:276–77Lamson v. American Axe & Tool Co., 58 N.E.
585 (Mass. 1900) — 8:61Lancaster Silo & Block Co. v. Northern Propane
Gas Co., 427 N.Y.S.2d 1009 (App. Div.1980) — 10:54
Landrigan v. Celotex Corp., 605 A.2d 1079 (N.J.1992) — 10:440, 10:442
Lane v. C.A. Swanson & Sons, 278 P.2d 723(Cal. App. 1955) — 3:45–48
Lang v. Brom Builders, Inc., 1998 WL 57788(Conn. Super. 1998) — 4:415
Lange v. Hoyt, 159 A. 575 (Conn. 1932) —8:177
Langiulli v. Bumble Bee Seafood, Inc., 604N.Y.S.2d 1020 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1993) — 11:8
Langridge v. Levy, 150 Eng. Rep. 863 (Ex.1837) — 2:3–4, 2:57, 2:129, 4:18, 5:127
Lankford v. Sullivan, Long & Hagerty, 416So.2d 996 (Ala. 1982) — 12:268–75
Larkin v. Pfizer, Inc., G.D. Searle & Co., 2004WL 1361954 (Ky. 2004) — 11:92
Larsen v. General Motors Corp., 391 F.2d 495(8th Cir. 1968) — 4:88–89
Larsen v. Pacesetter Systems, Inc., 837 P.2d 1273,1292 (Haw. 1992)—3:148, 7:79, 8:129
Larson Mach., Inc. v. Wallace, 600 S.W.2d 1(Ark. 1980) — 9:23
Larson v. St. Francis Hotel, 188 P.2d 513 (Cal.App. 1948) — 10:169
Lasley v. Shrake’s Country Club Pharmacy, Inc.,880 P.2d 1129 (Ariz. App. 1994) —5:37–38, 11:176, 11:177–78
Laurens Electric Co-op, Inc. v. Altec Industries,Inc., 889 F.2d 1323 (4th Cir. 1989) — 7:242
Lawrence W. Inlow Accident Litigation, In re,2002 WL 970403 (S.D.Ind. 2002) — 5:185
Lawson v. Smith and Nepheew Richards, Inc.,1999 WL 1129677 (N.D.Ga. 1999) —2:70–71, 2:73
Lawton v. Alpine Engineered Products, Inc.,498 So.2d 879 (Fla. 1986) — 5:275
Layman v. Uniroyal, Inc., 558 S.W.2d 220 (Mo.App. 1977) — 9:110
Leaf v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 590N.W.2d 525 (Iowa 1999) — 10:74
Learjet Corp. v. Spenlinhauer, 901 F.2d 198 (1stCir. 1990) — 2:77–79
Lecates v. Hertrich Pontiac Buick Co., 515 A.2d163 (Del.Super. 1986) — 8:31
LeCroy v. Hanlon, 713 S.W.2d 335 (Tex.1986) — 12:200–01
Lederman v. Pacific Industries, 119 F.3d 551(7th Cir. 1997) — 5:181
Lee v. Electric Motor Div., 215 Cal. Rptr. 195(1985) — 4:108
Lee v. Volkswagen of America, Inc., 688 P.2d1283 (Okla. 1984) — 10:342–44, 10:346,10:350–51, 10:353
Leesley v. West, 518 N.W.2d 758 (Ill. App.1988) — 11:169
Lefever v. K.P. Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc., 734A.2d 290 (N.J. 1999) — 10:253
Le Lievre v. Gould, [1893] 1 Q.B. 491 (C.A.) —5:8
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Leng v. Celotex Corp., 554 N.E.2d 468 (Ill. App.1990) — 10:333
Lenhardt v. Ford Motor Co., 683 P.2d 1097(Wash. 1984) — 10:58–59
Leonard v. Uniroyal, Inc., 765 F.2d 560 (6th Cir.1985) — 5:202
Leong v. Sears Roebuck and Co., 970 P.2d 972(Haw. 1998) — 4:385–86
Lerma v. Keck, 921 P.2d 28 (Ariz. App. 1996) —12:318–19
Lerman v. Heeman, 701 A.2d 426 (Md.1997) — 9:25
Lewis & Lambert Metal Contractors, Inc. v.Jackson, 914 S.W.2d 584 (Tex. App.1994) — 2:256–57
Lewis River Golf, Inc., v. O.M. Scott & Sons,845 P.2d 987 (Wash. 1993) — 7:29
Lewis v. American Cyanamid Co., 715 A.2d 967(N.J. 1998) — 4:215, 4:218–19, 10:6
Lewis v. Mobil Oil Corp., 438 F.2d 500 (8th Cir.1971) — 3:182–84
Lewis, United States v., 797 F.2d 358 (7th Cir.1986) — 6:105
Li v. Yellow Cab Co., 532 P.2d 1226 (Cal.1975) — 8:94
Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. v. Sears, Roebuck andCo., 406 A.2d 1254 (Conn. Super. 1979) —10:6
Liebeck v. McDonald’s Restaurants, P.T.S., Inc.,No. CV-93-02419, 1995 WL 360309 (N.M.Dist. 1999) — 12:139
Lightner v. Duke Power Co., 719 F.Supp. 1310(D.S.C. 1989) — 9:4–6
Lilley v. Board of Sup’rs of Louisiana State Uni-versity, 735 So.2d 696 (La. App. 1999) —7:130–31
Lindberg Cadillac Co. v. Aron, 371 S.W.2d 651(Mo. App. 1963) — 2:9, 2:120
Lindgren v. New York City Housing Authority,704 N.Y.S.2d 30 (App. Div. 2000) — 7:289
Lindsay v. Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp., 637F.2d 87 (2nd Cir.1980) — 11:93
Lindsey v. Mitchell, 544 A.2d 1298 (Me.1988) — 8:180
Lindy Homes, Inc. v. Evans Supply Co., Inc., 357So.2d 996 (Ala. Civ. App. 1978)—3:180–81
Linegar v. Armour of America, Inc., 909 F.2d1150 (8th Cir. 1990) — 4:230–33
Lipscomb v. Diamiani, 226 A.2d 914 (Del.Super. 1967) — 8:189
Liquidation of American Mutual Liability Ins.Co., In re, 747 N.E.2d 1215 (Mass.2001) — 12:65
Liriano v. Hobart Corp., 132 F.3d 124 (2nd Cir.1998) — 4:328
Liriano v. Hobart Corp., 677 N.Y.S.2d 764 (N.Y.1998) — 4:381, 5:117–19, 5:237
Lithgow v. Hamilton, 69 So.2d 776 (Fla.1954) — 7:179
Little v. Purdue Pharma, L.P., 227 F.Supp.2d838 (S.D.Ohio 2002) — 11:133
Little v. Williamson, 441 N.E.2d 974 (Ind. Ct.App. 1982) — 7:141
Livingston v. Begay, 652 P.2d 734 (N.M.1982) — 4:402
Lobianco v. Property Protection, Inc., 437 A.2d417 (Pa. Super. 1981) — 4:111, 4:304–06
Lockhard v. Coastal Coal Co., LLC, 2003 WL22076561 (W.D.Va. 2002) — 8:144, 8:147
Lockhart v. Besel, 426 P.2d 605 (Wash. 1967) —7:179
Logan v. Greenwich Hosp. Ass’n, 465 A.2d 294(Conn. 1983) — 11:99
Logan v. Montgomery Ward & Co., 219 S.E.2d685 (Va. 1975) — 3:143, 3:144
Loitz v. Remington Arms Co., Inc., 532 N.E.2d1091 (Ill. App. 1988) — 10:40
Loitz v. Remington Arms Co., Inc., 563 N.E.2d397 (Ill. 1990) — 10:40
Long v. McAllister, 319 N.W.2d 256 (Iowa1982) — 7:60, 7:61
Long v. Omaha & C.B. St. R. Col, 187 N.W 930(Neb. 1922) — 6:167
Lonkowski v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 1996WL 888182 (W.D.La. 1996) 4:214
Lopez v. McDonald’s Corp., 238 Cal. Rptr. 436(Cal. App. 1987) — 6:31
Lorenz v. Celotex Corp., 896 F.2d 148 (5th Cir.1990) — 10:87–88
Lorfano v. Dura Stone Steps, Inc., 569 A.2d 195(Me. 1990) — 3:193
Losee v. Buchanan, 51 N.Y. 442 (1873) — 4:6Lough by Lough v. Rolla Women’s Clinic, Inc.,
866 S.W.2d 851 (Mo. 1983) — 5:72–73Loughan v. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., 749
F.2d 1519 (11th Cir. 1985) — 5:207–09Louisiana ex rel. Guste v. M/V Testbank, 752
F.2d 1019 (5th Cir. 1985) — 7:204Louisiana Pub. Serv. Comm’n v. F.C.C., 476
U.S. 355 (1986) — 5:301Louisville & Nashville R.R. Co. v. Roberts, 269
S.W. 333 (Ky. App. 1925) — 7:95Lovick v. Wil-Rich, 588 N.W.2d 688 (Iowa
1999) — 4:173Lowe v. General Motors Corp., 624 F.2d 1373
(5th Cir. 1980) — 1:76, 1:78, 1:89, 1:112
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Lowe v. Sporicidin Int’l, 477 F.3d 124 (4th Cir.1995) — 3:193
Lucas v. Caron, 196 N.W.2d 819 (Mich. App.1972) — 1:116–17
Lucas v. United States, 757 S.W.2d 687 (Tex.1988) — 12:199, 12:233, 12:244, 12:246,12:254–55
Lucas v. United States, 807 F.2d 414 (5th Cir.1986) — 12:174–75, 12:181–82, 12:199,12:245
Lunghi v. Clark Equipment Co., 200 Cal.Rptr.387 (Cal. App. 1984) — 5:92
Lynch v. Scheininger , 744 A.2d 113 (N.J.2000) — 5:61, 5:74
MacDonald v. General Motors Corp., 784F.Supp. 486 (M.D.Tenn. 1992) — 8:200
MacDonald v. Mobley, 555 S.W.2d 916 (Tex.Civ. App. 1977) — 3:215
MacDonald v. Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp.,475 N.E.2d 65 (Mass. 1985) — 1:41–42,1:127, 10:77, 11:91–92
MacDougall v. Ford Motor Co., 257 A.2d 676(Pa. Super. 1969) — 10:124
Mack Trucks, Inc. v. Conkle, 436 S.E.2d 635(Ga. 1993) — 12:28
Mack Trucks, Inc. v. Tackett, 841 So.2d 1107(Miss. 2003) — 12:91–92
Mack v. General Motors Acceptance Corp., 169F.R.D. 671 (M.D.Ala. 1996) — 2:88
Mackowick v. Westinghouse Electric Corp., 575A.2d 100 (Pa. 1990) — 4:312, 4:315, 4:325,4:338, 4:364
MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co., 217 N.Y. 382,111 N.E. 1050 (1916) — 5:131, 5:135–37
MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co., 145 N.Y.S. 462(App. Div. 1914) — 5:134
MacPherson v. Searle & Co., 775 F. Supp. 417(D.D.C.1991) — 11:93
Madison v. American Home Products Corp.,595 S.E.2d 493 (S.C. 2004) — 11:146
Madison v. Superior Court, 250 Cal. Rptr. 299(Cal. App. 1988) — 8:6
Madrid v. Lincoln County Medical Center, 923P.2d 1154 (N.M. 1996) — 7:123
Maertin v. Armstrong World Industries, Inc.,1998 WL 896704 (D.N.J. 1998) —7:124–25
Magliulo v. Superior Court, 121 Cal. Rptr. 621(Cal. App. 1975) — 5:279
Magnuson v. Kelsey-Hayes Co., 844 S.W.2d 448(Mo. App. 1992) — 4:106
Magrine v. Krasnica, 227 A.2d 539 (N.J. Co. Ct.1967) — 4:67
Magro v. Ragsdale Bros., Inc., 721 S.W.2d 832(Tex. 1986) — 10:153
Mahler v. Szucs, 957 P.2d 632 (Wash. 1998) —12:135
Mainline Tractor & Equipment Co., Inc. v. Nu-trite Corp., 937 F.Supp. 1095 (D.Vt.1996) — 2:141
Maize v. Atlantic Refining Co., 41 A.2d 850 (Pa.1945) — 4:352, 4:371–72
Makripodis by Makripodis v. Merrell-DowPharmaceuticals Inc., 523 A.2d 374 (Pa.Super. 1987) — 11:159–60
Malek v. Miller Brewing Co., 749 S.W.2d 521(Tex. App. 1988) — 2:268
Maltman v. Saur, 530 P.2d 254 (Wash. 1975) —5:48
Mampe v. Ayerst Laboratories, 548 A.2d 798(D.C. App. 1988) — 10:153
Mandolidis v. Elkins Industries, Inc., 246 S.E.2d907 (W.Va. 1978) — 5:273–74
Maneely v. General Motors Corp., 108 F.3d1176 (9th Cir. 1997) — 3:60–61
Manh Hung Nguyen v. Johnson Mach. & PressCorp., 433 N.E.2d 1104 (Ill. App. 1982) —10:254
Mann-Tankersly Drug Co. v. Cheairs & Son, 88S.W. 873 (Ark. 1905) — 11:204–05
Marchant v. Dayton Tire & Rubber Co., 836F.2d 695 (1st Cir. 1988) — 10:67–68
Marina Emergency Medical Group v. SuperiorCourt, 100 Cal. Rptr. 2d 866 (Cal. App.2000) — 12:121
Mark v. Rudd International, 1990 WL 250457(N.D.Ill. 1990) — 5:500
Markowitz v. Arizona Parks Bd., 706 P.2d 364(Ariz. 1985) — 5:38, 11:178
Marsh Wood Products Co. v. Babcock & WilcoxCo., 240 N.W. 392 (Wis. 1932) — 10:40
Marshall v. Celotex Corp., 651 F.Supp. 389(E.D.Mich. 1987) — 10:307
Martin v. Louisiana Dept. of Transp. and De-velopment, 665 So.2d 457 (La. App.1995) — 12:107–10
Martin v. Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp., 661N.E.2d 352 (Ill. 1996) — 11:93
Martin v. Richie, 711 N.E.2d 1273 (Ind.1999) — 12:234, 12:317
Martin v. Ryder Truck Rental, Inc., 353 A.2d581 (Del. 1976) — 3:40, 4:34
Martin v. Shell Oil Co., 180 F.Supp.2d 313(D.Conn. 2002) — 7:135
Martin v. Volvo Cars of North America, Inc.,661 N.Y.S.2d 338 (App. Div. 1997) — 6:161
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Martinez v. Clark Equipment Co., 382 So.2d878 (Fla. App. 1980) — 8:210
Martinez-Ferrer v. Richardson-Merrell, Inc.,164 Cal. Rptr. 591 (Cal. App. 1980) —12:46–52
Marzullo v. Crosman Corp., 289 F.Supp. 2d1337 (M.D.Fla. 2003) — 5:175–77
Masaka v. General Motors Corp., 780 P.2d 566(Haw. 1989) — 7:287
Massey v. Sullivan County, 464 S.W.2d 548(Tenn. 1971) — 9:3
Massey-Ferguson v. Laird, 432 So.2d 1259 (Ala.1983) — 3:94
Matthews v. Hicks, 87 S.E.2d 629 (Va. 1955) —7:179
Matthews v. Maysville Seafoods, Inc., 602N.E.2d 764 (Ohio App. 1991) — 11:24
Matthews v. Stewart Warner Corp., 314 N.E.2d683 (1974) — 10:42
Mattingly v. Sheldon Jackson College, 743 P.2d356 (Alaska 1987) — 7:206
Mattivi v. South African Marine Corp.,Huguenot, 618 F.2d 163 (2nd Cir. 1980) —10:5
Mauch v. Manufacturers Sales & Service, Inc.,345 N.W.2d 338 (N.D. 1984) — 8:211,12:237
Mauro v. Raymark Industries, Inc., 561 A.2d257 (N.J. 1989) — 7:109
Maxey v. Freightliner Corp., 450 F.Supp. 955(N.D.Tex. 1978) — 8:57–58
Maxted v. Pacific Car & Foundry Co., 527 P.2d832 (Wyo. 1974) — 4:217
Maxwell v. Montey, 631 N.W.2d 455 (Neb.2001) — 12:86
Maynard Co-op. Co. v. Zeneca, Inc., 143 F.3d1099 (8th Cir. 1998) — 9:28–31
Maytnier v. Rush, 225 N.E.2d 83 (Ill. App.1967) — 8:136
Mazda Motor Corp. v. Lindahl, 706 A.2d 526(Del. Super. 1998) — 10:362
Mazur v. Merck & Co., Inc., 742 F.Supp. 239(E.D.Pa. 1990) — 5:315–16
McAuley v. Wills, 303 S.E.2d 258 (Ga. 1983) —5:61
McBride v. General Motors Corp., 737 F.Supp.1563 (M.D.Ga. 1990) — 12:28
McBroom v. State, 226 N.W. 2d 41 (Iowa1975) — 6:161
McCabe v. American Honda Motor Co., 123Cal. Rptr. 2d 303 (Cal. App. 2002) — 4:275
McCalla v. Harnischfeger Corp., 521 A.2d 851(N.J. Super., App. Div. 1987) — 8:65–66
McCarthy v. Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc., 916 F.Supp. 366 (S.D.N.Y. 1996) — 4:177
McCarthy, Lebit, Crystal & Haiman Co., LPA v.First Union Management, Inc., 622 N.E.2d1093 (Ohio App. 1993) — 7:254
McCarty v. E.J. Korvette, Inc., 347 A.2d 253(Md. App. 1975) — 3:261–63
McCathern v. Toyota Motor Corp., 23 P.3d 320(Or. 2001) — 4:288–89
McCathern v. Toyota Motor Corp., 985 P.2d804 (Or. App. 1999) — 4:286–87, 10:397
McColgan v. Environmental Control Systems,Inc., 571 N.E.2d 815 (Ill. App. 1991) —5:181
McCollum v. Grove Mfg. Co., 293 S.E.2d 632(N.C. App. 1982) — 5:153
McConkey v. AON Corp., 804 A.2d 572 (N.J.Super. App. Div. 2002) — 2:135
McCorkle v. Aeroglide Corp., 446 S.E.2d 145(N.C. App. 1994) — 5:270
McCormick v. Hoyt, 333 P.2d 639 (Wash.1959) — 3:220
McCorvey v. Baxter Healthcare Corp., 298 F.3d1253 (11th Cir. 2002) — 6:112–14, 6:116
McCown v. International Harvester Co., 342A.2d 381 (Pa. 1975) — 8:103–04,8:157–59
McCoy v. Colonial Baking Co., 572 So.2d 850(Miss. 1990) — 7:188
McDaniel v. Bieffe USA, Inc., 35 F.Supp.2d 735(D.Minn. 1999) — 5:84, 5:113–15
McDermott, Inc. v. AmClyde, 511 U.S. 202(1994) — 8:17
McDermott, Inc. v. Clyde Iron, 979 F.2d 1068(5th Cir. 1992) — 8:17
McElrath v. Electric Investments Co., 131 N.W.380 (Minn. 1911) — 2:97
McGonigal v. Gearhart Industries, Inc., 851F.2d 774 (5th Cir. 1988) — 5:500
McGraw-Edison Co. v. Northeastern Rural Elec.Membership Corp., 678 N.E.2d 1220 (Ind.1997) — 8:29
McGregor v. Dimou, 422 N.Y.S.2d 806 (N.Y.City Ct. 1979) — 3:125
McGuire v. Davidson Mfg. Corp., 257F.Supp.2d 945 (N.D.Iowa 2003) — 4:214
McIntyre v. Balentine, 833 S.W.2d 52 (Tenn.1992) — 8:95, 8:97, 12:88
McKay v. Rockwell Int’l Corp., 704 F.2d 444(9th Cir. 1984) — 5:477
McKee v. American Home Products Corp., 782P.2d 1045 (Wash. 1989) — 11:176, 11:186,11:191
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McKee v. Moore, 648 P.2d 21 (Okla. 1982) —11:93
McKew v. Holland & Hannen & Cubitts (Scot-land) Ltd., 1969 S.L.T. 101 — 6:37, 6:40
McKew v. Holland & Hannen & Cubitts (Scot-land) Ltd., 1970 S.L.T. 68 — 6:38–39
McLaughlin v. Mine Safety Appliances Co.,181 N.E.2d 430 (N.Y. 1962) — 4:352,4:375–77
McLeod v. W.S. Merrell Co., Div. of Richard-son-Merrell Inc., 174 So.2d 736 (Fla.1965) — 11:132, 11:154, 11:203
McNally v. Nicholson Mfg. Co., 313 A.2d 913(Me. 1973) — 3:31, 5:143
McNees v. Cedar Springs Stamping Co., 457N.W.2d 68 (Mich. 1990) — 5:275
McPike v. Scheuerman, 398 P.2d 71 (Wyo.1965) — 7:179
McQuiston v. K-Mart Corp., 796 F.2d 1346(11th Cir. 1986) — 3:119, 4:45
M’Culloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316 (1819) —5:300
Mechanical Rubber and Supply Co. v. Caterpil-lar Tractor Co., 399 N.E.2d 722 (Ill. App.1980) — 4:57–58
Medina v. Graham’s Cowboys, Inc., 827 P.2d859 (N.M.App.1992) — 12:76
Medtronic, Inc. v. Lohr, 518 U.S. 470 (1996) —1:97–98, 5:355–57, 5:359–65, 5:367, 5:381
Meech v. Hillhaven West, Inc., 776 P.2d 488(Mont. 1989) — 12:223–24, 12:305
Meistrich v. Casino Arena Attractions, Inc., 155A.2d 90 (N.J. 1959) — 8:132
Melia v. Ford Motor Co., 534 F.2d 795 (8th Cir.1976) — 8:209
Melrose Intern. Trading Co. of Canada, Ltd. v.Patrick Cudahy Inc., 482 F.Supp. 1369(E.D.Wis. 1980) — 10:128, 10:131
Menard v. Newhall, 373 A.2d 505 (Vt. 1977) —10:153, 10:161
Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc. v. Garten,618 A.2d 233 (Md. App. 1993)—3:143
Mercer v. Uniroyal, Inc., 361 N.E.2d 492 (OhioApp. 1976) — 5:291–92, 5:294
Mergenthaler v. Asbestos Corp., 480 A.2d 647(Del. 1984) — 7:138
Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Oxendine,649 A.2d 825 (D.C. App. 1994) — 5:304,5:313
Merrill v. Beaute Vues Corp., 235 F.2d 893(10th Cir. 1956) — 5:248
Merrill v Navegar, Inc., 28 P.3d 116 (Cal.2001) — 1:56
Merrill v. Navegar, Inc., 89 Cal. Rptr. 2d 146(Cal. App. 1999) — 1:56
Messer v. Amway Corp., 210 F.Supp.2d 1217(D.Kan. 2002) — 4:173
Messner v. Patton Electric Co., Inc., 781 F.Supp.1432 (D.Neb. 1990) — 10:145
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (“MTBE”) ProductsLiability Litigation, In re, 175 F.Supp.2d 593(S.D.N.Y. 2001)—4:105, 10:201–04, 10:216
Metro-North Commuter R. Co. v. Buckley, 521U.S. 424 (1997) — 7:112–13, 7:127–28,7:137
Metty v. Shurfine Central Corp., 736 S.W.2d527 (Mo. App. 1987) — 10:132
Meuller v. Jeffrey Mfg. Co., 494 F. Supp. 275(E.D.Pa. 1980) — 6:141, 6:143, 6:145–46
Mexicali Rose v. Superior Court, 822 P.2d 1292(Cal. 1992) — 11:5, 11:17–21
Micallef v. Miehle Co., Division of Miehle-GossDexter, Inc., 348 N.E.2d 571 (N.Y.1976) — 5:151–52
Michael v. Shiley, 46 F.3d 1316 (3rd Cir.1995) — 2:58–59
Michigan Mut. Ins. Co. v. Heatilator Fireplace,Div. of Vega Industries, Inc., 338 N.W.2d238 (Mich. App. 1983) — 5:178–79
Michigan Mut. Ins. Co. v. Heatilator Fireplace,Div. of Vega Industries, Inc., 366 N.W.2d202 (Mich. 1985) — 5:177, 5:180
Midgley v. S.S. Kresge Co., 127 Cal. Rptr. 217(Cal. App. 1976) — 4:373–74
Midwest Printing, Inc. v. AM Int’l, Inc., 108F.3d 168 (8th Cir.1997) — 2:94
Milbank v. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Proksch, 244N.W.2d 105 (Minn. 1976) — 3:28
Miles v. Naval Aviation Museum Foundation,Inc., 289 F.3d 715 (11th Cir. 2002) —5:472–73
Milgard Tempering, Inc. v. Selas Corp. ofAmerica, 902 F.2d 703 (9th Cir. 1990) —3:272–73
Militrano ex rel. Militrano v. Lederle Laborato-ries, A Div. of American Cyanamid Co.,769 N.Y.S.2d 839 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 2003) —11:48, 11:222
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co., 497 U.S. 1(1990) — 4:424
Miller v. Allstate Insurance Co., 573 So.2d 24(Fla. App. 1990) — 7:15–16
Miller v. Anetsberger Bros., Inc., 508 N.Y.S.2d954 (App. Div. 1986) — 4:380–81
Miller v. Cudahy Co., 858 F.2d 1449 (10th Cir.1988) — 7:46–47
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Miller v. Lee Apparel Co., Inc., 881 P.2d 576(Kan. App. 1994) — 10:82
Miller v. Miller, 160 S.E.2d 65 (N.C. 1968) —8:197
Miller v. Pilgram’s Pride Corp., 366 F.3d 672(8th Cir. 2004) — 9:131
Miller v. Todd, 551 N.E.2d 1139 (Ind. 1990) —10:336
Miller v. United States, 163 F.3d 591 (9th Cir.1998) — 5:451
Miller’s Bottled Gas, Inc. v. Borg-Warner Corp.,56 F.3d 726 (6th Cir. 1995) — 10:245
Miller’s Bottled Gas, Inc. v. Borg-Warner Corp.,955 F.2d 1043 (6th Cir. 1992) — 2:36
Millison v. E.I. du Pont Nemours & Co., 501A.2d 505 (N.J. 1985) — 5:256–57, 5:263–66
Mingolla v. Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Co., 893F.Supp. 499, 505–06 (D.V.I. 1995) — 7:80
Minnesota Forest Products, Inc. v. Ligna Ma-chinery, Inc., 17 F.Supp.2d 892 (D.Minn.1998) — 2:96, 10:7
Mitchell v. Collagen Corp., 126 F.3d 903 (7thCir. 1997) — 1:100
Mitchell v. Collagen Corp., 870 F.Supp. 885(N.D.Ind. 1994) — 12:66
Mitchell v. Sky Climber, Inc., 487 N.E.2d 1374(Mass. 1986) — 5:241–42
Mitchell v. T.G.I. Friday’s, 748 N.E.2d 89 (OhioApp. 2000) — 11:24
Mitchell v. VLI Corp., 786 F.Supp. 966(M.D.Fla. 1992) — 3:20
Mitchell v. Volkswagenwerk, AG, 669 F.2d 1199(8th Cir. 1982) — 10:356, 10:363–64
Mix v. Ingersoll Candy Co., 59 P.2d 144 (Cal.1936) — 11:5–6
Mohney v. USA Hockey, Inc., 5 Fed. Appx. 450(6th Cir. 2001) — 8:7
Mohney v. USA Hockey, Inc., 77 F.Supp.2d 859(N.D.Ohio 1999) — 8:7, 8:133
Molien v. Kaiser Foundation Hospitals, 616P.2d 813 (Cal. 1980) — 7:99–102
Moning v. Alfono, 254 N.W.2d 759 (Mich.1977) — 1:12
Monsanto Co. v. Logisticon, Inc., 763 S.W.2d371 (Mo. App. 1989) — 8:79
Montgomery Elevator Co. v. McCullough, 676S.W.2d 776 (Ky. 1984) — 4:222
Montgomery Ward & Co. v. Gregg, 554 N.E.2d1145 (Ind. App. 1990) — 4:211
Monusko v. Postle, 437 N.W.2d 367 (Mich App.1989) — 5:61
Moore v. Florida Rock & Tank Lines, Inc., 359S.E.2d 356 (Ga. App. 1987) — 2:63
Moore v. Mobile Infirmary Ass’n, 592 So.2d 156(Ala. 1991) — 12:199, 12:202, 12:296–301
Moore v. Polish Power, Inc., 720 S.W.2d 183(Tex. App. 1986) — 10:430–31
Moore v. Sitzmark Corp., 555 N.E.2d 1305(Ind. App. 1990) — 8:15–16
Moorehead v. Clark Equipment Co., 1987 WL26158 (N.D.Ill. 1987) — 5:106
Moorman Manufacturing Co. v. National TankCo., 435 N.E.2d 443 (Ill. 1982) — 7:220,7:250–52
Morales v. American Home Products, 214F.Supp.2d 723 (S.D.Tex. 2002) — 11:195
Morales v. American Honda Motor Co., Inc.,151 F.3d 500 (6th Cir. 1998) — 8:116
Moran v. Faberge, Inc., 332 A.2d 11 (Md.1975) — 6:59–61, 8:93
Moran v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp., 691 F.2d811 (6th Cir. 1982) — 11:226
Moransais v. Heathman, 744 So.2d 973 (Fla.1999) — 7:255
Moren v. Samuel M. Langston Co, 237 N.E.2d759 (Ill. App. 1968) — 10:387
Morgan v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 30 S.W.3d 455(Tex. App. 2000) — 11:180–82
Morris v. Parke, Davis & Co., 667 F.Supp. 1332(C.D.Cal. 1987) — 11:219, 11:221
Morris v. Savoy, 576 N.E.2d 765 (Ohio 1991) —12:242–43, 12:302–04
Morrison’s Cafeteria of Montgomery, Inc., 431So.2d 975 (Ala. 1983) — 11:8
Mossow v. United States, 987 F.2d 1365 (8thCir. 1993) — 5:461
Motor Homes of America, Inc. v. O’Donnell,440 So.2d 422 (Fla. App. 1983) — 3:115
Mott v. Callahan AMS Mach. Co., 416 A.2d 57(N.J. Super. App. Div. 1980) — 4:246
Motus v. Pfizer, Inc., 127 F.Supp. 2d 1085(C.D.Cal. 2000) — 11:117
Motus v. Pfizer, Inc., 196 F.Supp. 2d 984(C.D.Cal. 2001) — 10:146, 10:166
Moulton v. Alamo Ambulance Service, Inc., 414S.W.2d 444 (Tex. 1967) — 8:184
Moulton v. Groveton Papers Co., 323 A.2d 906(N.H. 1974) — 12:129, 12:130–31
Mountain Mobile Mix, Inc. v. Gifford, 660 P.2d883 (Colo. 1983) — 8:98
Mountain v. Procter & Gamble Co., 312 F.Supp.534 (D.Wis. 1970) — 5:253
Mozes v. Medronic, Inc., 14 F.Supp.2d 1124(D.Minn. 1998) — 10:419
Mulcahy v. Eli Lilly & Co., 386 N.W.2d 67(Iowa 1986) — 10:316–17
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Muldovan v. McEachan, 523 S.E.2d 566 (Ga.1999) — 8:38, 8:40
Mulherin v. Ingersoll-Rand Co., 628 P.2d 1301(Utah 1981) — 8:216
Munn v. Algee, 924 F.2d 568 (5th Cir. 1991) —6:160, 8:172–73
Munn v. Illinois, 94 U.S. (4 Otto) 113 (1877) —12:262
Murphy v. E.R. Squibb & Sons, Inc., 221 Cal.Rptr. 447 (Cal. 1985) — 11:143–48,11:158
Murphy v. Edmonds, 601 A.2d 102 (Md. App.1992) — 12:214, 12:305
Murray v. Boston M.R.R., 224 A.2d (N.H.1966) — 7:308
Murray v. Fairbanks Morse, 610 F.2d 149 (3rdCir. 1979) — 8:112, 8:119
Murray v. Ramada Inns, Inc., 521 So.2d 1123(La. 1988) — 8:132
Musso v. Picadilly Cafeterias, Inc., 178 So.2d421 (La. App. 1964) — 11:11, 11:13
Myers v. American Seating Co., 637 So.2d 771(La. App. 1994) — 4:94
Myrlak v. Port Authority of New York and NewJersey, 723 A.2d 45 (N.J. 1999) — 10:118,10:121
Myrtle Beach Pipeline Corp. v. Emerson Elec.Co., 843 F.Supp. 1027 (D.S.C 1993) —9:32
Myvonen v. Hector Iron Co., 115 N.W. 167(Minn 1908) — 6:40
Nance v. Board of Education, 282 S.E.2d 848(S.C. 1981) — 7:178
Napier v. Atlantic Coast Line R. Co, 272 U.S.605 (1926) — 5:306
Nath v. National Equipment Leasing Corp., 439A.2d 633 (Pa. 1981) — 4:34
National Can Co. v. Vinylex Corp., 687 F.Supp.375 (N.D.Ill. 1988) — 9:16, 9:93
National Farmers Union Property & Cas. Co. v.Nelson, 147 N.W.2d 839 (Iowa 1967) —9:116
National Housing Bldg. Corp. v. Acordia of Vir-ginia Ins. Agency, Inc., 591 S.E.2d 88 (Va.2004) — 8:180
National Mutual Ins. Co. v. Whitmer, 435N.E.2d 1121 (Ohio 1982) — 9:8–10
National Premium Budget Plan Corp. v. Na-tional Fire Ins. Co. of Hartford, 234 A.2d683 (N.J. Super. L. 1967) — 6:86
National R.R. Passenger Corp. v. RoundtreeTransport and Rigging, Inc., 286 F.3d 1233(11th Cir. 2002) — 1:29
Navigazione Libera Triestina Societa Anonimav. Newtown Creek Towing Co., 98 F.2d 694(2nd Cir. 1938) — 6:18
Neal v. Carey Canadian Mines, Ltd., 548F.Supp. 357 (E.D.Pa. 1982) — 7:291
Neal v. Whirl Air Flow Corp., 356 N.E.2d 1173(Ill. App. 1976) — 10:384
Neder v. U.S., 527 U.S. 1 (1999) — 2:23Needham v. Fred’s Frozen Foods, Inc., 359
N.E.2d 544 (Ind. App. 1977) — 5:299Neff v. Coleco Industries, Inc., 760 F.Supp. 864
(D.Kan. 1991) — 5:181Neibarger v. Universal Cooperatives, Inc., 486
N.W.2d 612 (Mich. 1992) — 7:245–46Neiman v. Channellene Oil & Mfg. Co., 127
NW 394 (Minn. 1910) — 7:32Nelson v. Hall, 211 Cal. Rptr. 668 (Cal. App.
1985) — 8:143Nelson v. Union Equity Co-Op. Exchange, 548
S.W.2d 352 (Tex. 1977) — 3:134Neptuno Treuhand-Und Verwaltungsge-
sellschaft Mbh v. Arbor, 692 N.E.2d 812(Ill. App. 1998) — 2:178
Nero v. Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, 892F.2d 1457 (10th Cir. 1989) — 5:424
Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, S.C. v. Gold-man, 790 N.E.2d 925 (Ill. App. 2003) —2:135
Nevada Power v. Haggerty, 989 P.2d 870 (Nev.1999) — 9:131
New York v. F.E.R.C., 535 U.S. 1 (2002) — 5:301Newman v. Ford Motor Co., 975 S.W.2d 147
(Mo. 1998) — 4:300Newmark v. Gimbell’s Inc., 246 A.2d 11 (N.J.
Super. App. Div. 1968) — 4:65–66, 4:68Nguyen v. Southwest Leasing and Rental Inc.,
282 F.3d 1061 (9th Cir. 2002) — 10:39Nichols v. Central Merchandise, Inc., 817 P.2d
1131 (Kan. App. 1991) — 11:194Nichols v. Nold, 258 P.2d 317 (Kan. 1953) —
10:118Nichols v. Westfield Industries, Ltd., 380
N.W.2d 392 (Iowa 1985) — 5:104Nicholson v. American Safety Utility Corp., 488
S.E.2d 240 (N.C. 1997) — 8:93Nicolet, Inc. v. Nutt, 525 A.2d 146 (Del.
1987) — 10:223–24Nicor Supply Ships Assocs. v. General Motors
Corp., 876 F.2d 501 (5th Cir. 1989)—7:248Niederman v. Brodsky, 261 A.2d 84 (Pa.
1970) — 7:90–91, 7:96Nielsen v. George Diamond Vogel Paint Co.,
892 F.2d 1450 (9th Cir. 1990) — 5:503
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Ninojo v. New Jersey Mfrs. Ins. Co., 802 A.2d551 (N.J. Super. App. Div. 2002) — 4:170
Nissan Motor Co. v. Armstrong, 32 S.W.3d 701(Tex. App. 2000) — 1:78
Nissan Motor Co. v. Nave, 740 A.2d 102 (Md.App. 1999) — 4:170
Nissen Trampoline Co. v. Terre Haute First Nat.Bank, 332 N.E.2d 820 (Ind. App. 1975) —10:155–57
Nordstrom v. White Metal Rolling & Stamp-ing Corp., 453 P.2d 619 (Wash. 1969) —10:20
Norplant Contraceptive Products Liability Liti-gation, In re, 955 F.Supp. 700 (E.D.Tex.1997) — 11:100
North American Chemical Co. v. SuperiorCourt, 69 Cal. Rptr. 2d 466 (Cal. App.1997) — 9:33
North Ridge Corp. v. Walraven, 957 S.W.2d 116(Tex. App. 1997) — 7:52
Northwestern Public Service v. Union CarbideCorp., 115 F.Supp. 2d 1164 (D.S.D.2000) — 7:254
Nota Const. Corp. v. Keyes Associates, Inc., 694N.E.2d 401 (Mass. App. 1998) — 7:263
Novak v. Piggly Wiggly Puget Sound Co., Inc.,591 P.2d 791 (Wash. App. 1979) — 4:142
Novosel v. Northway Motor Car Corp., 460F.Supp. 541 (N.D.N.Y. 1978) — 7:290
Nowak v. Faberge U.S.A., Inc., 812 F. Supp. 492(M.D.Pa. 1992) — 4:349
Nutting v. Ford Motor Co., 584 N.Y.S.2d 653(App. Div. 1992)—3:128–30, 4:27–29, 7:12
Oanes v. Westgo, Inc., 476 N.W.2d 248 (N.D.1991) — 12:144
O’Brien v. Cunnard S.S. Co., 28 N.E. 266(Mass. 1891) — 8:37
O’Brien v. Muskin Corp., 463 A.2d 298 (N.J.1983) — 4:164–66
Odom v. G.D. Searle & Co., 979 F.2d 1001 (4thCir.1992) — 11:93
Office Supply Co., Inc. v. Basic/Four Corp., 538F.Supp. 776 (E.D.Wis. 1982) — 3:211
Ogle v. Craig Taylor Equipment Co., 761 P.2d722 (Alaska 1988) — 9:6
Ogletree v. Navistar Intern. Transp. Corp., 500S.E.2d 570 (Ga. 1998) — 4:281, 5:153
Ohoud Establishment for Trade and Contractsv. Tri-State Contracting & Trading Corpo-ration, 523 F.Supp. 249 (D.N.J. 1981) —7:33–35, 7:39
O’Keefe v. Mercedes-Benz USA, Inc., 214 F.R.D.266 (E.D.Pa. 2003) — 7:276
Okrina v. Midwestern Corp., 165 N.W.2d 259(Minn. 1969) — 7:83–85
Okura v. United States Cycling Federation, 231Cal. Rptr. 429 (Cal. App. 1986) — 8:14
O’Laughlin v. Minnesota Natural Gas Co., 253N.W.2d 826 (Minn. 1971) — 4:409
Oliver v. Superior Court, 259 Cal. Rptr. 160(Cal. App. 1989) 4:405
Olson v. A.W. Chesterton Co., 256 N.W.2d 530(N.D. 1977) — 10:42
Olson v. Prosoco, Inc., 522 N.W.2d 284 (Iowa1994) — 1:26
Olympic Products Co., A Div. of Cone MillsCorp. v. Roof Systems Inc., 363 S.E.2d 367(N.C.App. 1988) — 8:87
O’Malley v. American LaFrance, Inc., 2002 WL32068354 (E.D.N.Y. 2002) — 4:46, 4:48
Oman v. Johns-Manville Corp., 764 F.2d 224(4th Cir. 1985) — 4:343–44
O’Neill v. Claypool, 341 S.W.2d 129 (Mo.1960) — 6:9
Ontai v. Straub Clinic & Hosp., Inc., 659 P.2d734 (Haw. 1983) — 3:147, 4:181, 4:206,4:266, 4:338
Opera v. Hyva, Inc., 450 N.Y.S.2d 615 (App.Div. 1982) — 10:42
Oppenheimer v. York International, 2002 WL31409949 (Pa. Com. Pl. 2002) — 7:276
Oregon Lumber Co. v. Dwyer Overseas TimberProducts Co., 571 P.2d 884 (Or. 1977) —3:245–46
Orfield v. International Harvester Co., 535 F.2d959 (6th Cir. 1976) — 4:234
Orr v. Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories Company, 1999WL 33548162 (Ala. Cir. Ct. 1999) 11:153
Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp. v. Chapman, 388N.E.2d 541 (Ind. App. 1979) — 11:93
Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp. v. Heath, 722 P.2d410 (Colo. 1986) — 4:266, 11:52
Orthopedic Equipment Co. v. Eutsler, 276 F.2d455 (4th Cir. 1960) — 1:84–86, 1:91–92
Osborn v. Anchor Laboratories, Inc., 825 F.2d908 (5th Cir. 1987) — 11:206
Osborn v. Irwin Memorial Blood Bank, 7 Cal.Rptr. 2d 101 (Cal. App. 1992) — 10:30–33
Osborne v. Genevie, 289 So.2d 21 (Fla. App.1974) — 3:215
Osborne v. Hurst, 947 P.2d 1356 (Alaska1997) — 7:54
Oscar Mayer Corp. v. Mincing Trading Corp.,744 F.Supp. 79 (D.N.J. 1990) — 4:54–55
Osmer v. Belshe Industries, Inc., 585 So.2d 791(Ala. 1991) — 4:244–45
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Ostendorf v. Clark Equipment Co., 122 S.W.3d530 (Ky. 2003) — 4:214, 5:93, 5:95, 5:103
Otis Spunkmeyer, Inc. v. Blakely, 30 S.W.3d 678(Tex. App. 2000) — 3:135
Outboard Motor Corp. v. Schupback, 561 P.2d450 (Nev. 1977) — 5:173
Overseas Tankship (U.K.) Ltd. v. MillerSteamship Co., [1967] 1 A.C. 617 — 6:46
Overseas Tankship (U.K.) Ltd. v. Morts Dock &Engineering Co., Ltd., [1961] A.C. 388 —6:44–47
Owens-Illinois, Inc. v. Zenobia, 601 A.2d 633(Md. 1992) — 5:79, 7:307
Oza v. Sinatra, 575 N.Y.S.2d 540 (App. Div.1991) — 5:182
Pacific Gas & Elec. Co. v. Energy ResourcesConservation and Development Comm’n,461 U.S. 190 (1983) — 5:303
Pacific Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Haslip, 499 U.S. 1(1991) — 7:304–05, 7:319–320
Paducah Area Public Library v. Terry, 655S.W.2d 19 (Ky. App. 1983) — 7:75
Page, United States v., 350 F.2d 28 (10th Cir.1965) — 5:443
Pagnotta v. Beall Trailers of Oregon, Inc., 991P.2d 728 (Wash. App. 2000) — 10:407
Palmer G. Lewis Co., Inc. v. ARCO ChemicalCo., 904 P.2d 1221 (Alaska 1995) — 9:47
Palmer v. A.H. Robins Co., 684 P.2d 187(Colo.1984) — 5:87
Palmer v. Hobart Corp., 849 S.W.2d 135 (Mo.App. 1993) — 9:47
Palmetto Linen Service, Inc. v. U.N.X., Inc.,205 F.3d 126 (4th Cir. 2000) — 7:243–44
Palsgraf v. Long Island R. Co., 162 N.E. 99(N.Y. 1928) — 5:11–15, 6:25—28
PAM Transport v. Freightliner Corp., 893 P.2d1295 (Ariz. 1995) — 9:90
Pan-Alaska Fisheries, Inc. v. Marine Construc-tion & Design Co., 565 F.2d 1128 (9th Cir.1977) — 8:112
Papas v. Upjohn Co., 985 F.2d 516 (11th Cir.1993) — 5:350
Papas v. Upjohn Co., 505 U.S. 1215 (1992) —5:349
Papas v. Upjohn Co., 926 F.2d 1019 (11th Cir.1991) — 5:318–19, 5:348
Papenheim v. Lovell, 530 N.W.2d 668 (Iowa1995) — 7:61
Park v. Ford Motor Co., 2002 WL 31331080(R.I. Super. 2002) — 3:171
Park v. Ford Motor Co., 844 A.2d 687 (R.I.2004) — 3:171
Parke, Davis & Co. v. Stromsodt, 411 F.2d 1390(8th Cir. 1969) — 11:63
Parker v. Highland Park, Inc., 565 S.W.2d 512(Tex. 1978) — 8:132
Parker v. Redden, 421 S.W.2d 586 (Ky. 1967) —8:132
Parker v. St. Vincent Hospital, 919 P.2d 1104(N.M. App. 1996) — 4:69
Parkinson v. Guidant Corp., 315 F.Supp. 2d 741(W.D.Pa. 2004) — 11:49–51, 11:80
Pasquale v. Speed Products Engineering, 654N.E.2d 1365 (Ill. 1995) — 7:80
Patel v. Trueblood, 666 N.E.2d 778 (Ill. App.1996) — 9:119
Patten v. Lederle Laboratories, 655 F.Supp. 745(D.Utah 1987) — 11:217, 11:218
Patton v. General Signal Corp., 984 F. Supp. 666(W.D.N.Y. 1997) — 7:135
Patton v. Hutchison Wil-Rich Mfg. Co., 861P.2d 1299 (Kan. 1993) —5:79, 5:88, 5:107
Patton v. McHone, 822 S.W.2d 608 (Tenn. App.1991) — 3:215
Patton v. TIC United Corp., 77 F.3d 1235 (10thCir. 1996) — 12:183, 12:185–92
Payne v. Eighth Judicial District Court, 60 P.3d469 (Mont. 2002) — 7:180
Payne v. Soft Sheen Products, Inc., 486 A.2d712 (D.C. App. 1985) — 11:227
Payton v. Abbott Labs, 437 N.E.2d 171 (Mass.1982) — 7:114–16, 7:122, 10:330
Payton v. Abbott Labs, 512 F.Supp. 1031(D.Mass. 1981) — 10:227–28
Pearsall v. Emhart Industries, Inc., 599 F.Supp.207 (E.D.Pa. 1984) — 7:149–50
Pearson v. Franklin Laboratories, Inc., 254N.W.2d 133 (S.D. 1977) — 8:17
Peaster v. David New Drilling Co., 642 So.2d344 (Miss. 1994) — 5:275
Peerless Wall and Window Coverings, Inc., v.Synchronics, 85 F.Supp.2d 519 (W.D.Pa2000) — 4:437
Pena v. Chateau Woodmere Corp., 759 N.Y.S.2d451 (App. Div. 2003) — 9:131
Penasquitos, Inc. v. Superior Court,282 Cal. Rptr. 135 (Cal. 1991) —10:251
Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corp. v. CaterpillarTractor Co., 652 F.2d 1165 (3d Cir.1981) — 7:217
People Exp. Airlines, Inc. v. Consolidated RailCorp., 495 A.2d 107 (N.J. 1985) —7:205–07
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Pepper v. Star Equipment, Ltd., 484 N.W.2d156 (Iowa 1992) — 12:86, 12:100
Perez v. McConkey, 872 S.W.2d 897 (Tenn.1994) — 8:132
Perez v. Wyeth Laboratories Inc., 734 A.2d 1245(N.J. 1999) — 11:86, 11:97–100, 11:118
Perfection Paint & Color Co. v. Konduris, 258N.E.2d 681 (Ind. App. 1970) — 8:208
Perkins v. Dean Machinery Co., 2004 WL912598 (Mo. App. 2004) — 7:307
Perkins v. Northeastern Log Homes, 808S.W.2d 809 (Ky. 1991) — 12:278
Perlmutter v. Beth David Hospital, 123 N.E.2d792 (N.Y. 1954) — 4:62
Permutter v. U.S. Gypsum Co., 54 F.3d 659(10th Cir. 1995) — 5:89
Perry v. Chevron U.S.A., Inc., 887 F.2d 624 (5thCir. 1989) — 9:44
Perry v. S.N. and S.N., 973 S.W.2d 301 (Tex.1998) — 1:75
Peter Kiewit Sons’ Co., v. Iowa Southern Utili-ties Co., 355 F.Supp. 376 (S.D.Iowa1973) — 2:205
Peters v. Judd Drugs, Inc., 602 N.E.2d 162 (Ind.App. 1992) — 11:123
Peters v. Saft, 597 A.2d 50 (Me. 1991) — 12:217,12:238–39, 12:305
Peterson v. Superior Court, 899 P.2d 905 (Cal.1995) — 4:400–01
Petito v. A.H. Robins Co., Inc., 750 So.2d 103(Fla. App. 1999) — 7:135
Petrocco v. AT & T Teletype, Inc., 642 A.2d1072 (N.J. Super. L. 1994) — 5:298, 5:299
Pettella v. Corp Bros., Inc., 268 A.2d 699 (R.I.1970) — 3:118
Pfizer, Inc. v. Farsian, 682 So.2d 405(Ala.1996) — 7:108
Phelps v. Phelps, 446 S.E.2d 17 (N.C. 1994) —12:171
Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) Products LiabilityLitigation, In re, 289 F.Supp. 2d 1230(W.D.Wash. 2003) — 10:465
Philips Bros. Elec. Contractors, Inc. v. SolomonCorp., 1997 WL 805271 (E.D.Pa. 1997) —7:10
Phillips v. Cricket Lighters, 841 A.2d 1000 (Pa.2003) — 4:98, 4:309, 4:312–14, 4:316, 5:26
Phillips v. Kimwood Mach. Co., 525 P.2d 1033(Or. 1974) — 4:196–97, 4:282–83, 10:53
Phillips v. Mirac, Inc., 2004 WL 1490450(Mich. 2004) — 12:217, 12:305
Phillips v. Town of Springfield, 540 N.E.2d1331 (Mass. 1989) — 11:8
Phipps v. General Motors Corp., 363 A.2d 955(Md. 1976) — 1:1
Piatt v. Welsh, 974 S.W.2d 786 (Tex. App.1998) — 1:122
Pierce v. Hobart Corp., 512 N.E.2d 14 (Ill. App.1987) — 5:29
Pierre v. Eastern Air Lines, 152 F.Supp. 486(D.N.J. 1957) — 12:165
Pike v. Stephens Imports, Inc., 448 So.2d 738(La. App. 1984) — 7:168
Pillars v. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 78 So. 365(Miss. 1918) — 10:116–17, 10–134
d’Hedouville v. Pioneer Hotel Co., 552 F.2d 886(9th Cir. 1977) — 6:104
Piper v. Bear Medical Systems, Inc., 883 P.2d407 (Ariz. App. 1993) — 5:119
Pitt-Des Moines, Inc., United States v., 970F.Supp. 1359 (N.D.Ill. 1997) — 1025
Pittsburg Coca-Cola Bottling Works of Pitts-burg v. Ponder, 443 S.W.2d 546 (Tex.1969) — 10:119–20, 10:129–30
Plaissance v. McDonald, 865 So.2d 1004 (La.App. 2004) — 8:180
Pleasant v. Johnson, 325 S.E.2d 244 (N.C.1985) — 5:271
Pledge v. R.M. Holdings, Inc., 75 P.3d 1126(Colo. App. 2002) — 12:87
Plummer v. McHale, 179 N.Y.S.2d 759 (N.Y.Sup. Ct. 1958) — 6:86
Pokara v. Wabash Ry. Co., 292 U.S. 98 (1934) —5:34–35
Polaris Industries, Inc. v. McDonald, 119S.W.3d 331 (Tex. App. 2003) — 3:136
Polemis and Another and Furness, Withy &Co., Ltd., In re An Arbitration between,[1921] 3 K.B. 560 (C.A.) — 6:41–43
Poliseno v. General Motors Corp., 744 A.2d 679(N.J. Super. App. Div. 2000) — 10:358,10:366
Polk v. Blanque, 633 So.2d 1382 (La. App.1994) — 10:136
Popal v. United States, 1996 WL 185731(S.D.N.Y. 1996) — 5:440
Poplar v. Bourjois, 80 N.E.2d 334 (N.Y.1948) — 6:153
Portage Markets Co. v. George, 146 N.E. 283(Ohio 1924) — 1:106
Porteous v. St. Ann’s Cafe & Deli, 713 So.2d 454(La. 1998) — 11:14–16
Porter v. Rosenberg, 650 So.2d 79 (Fla. App.1995) — 4:69
Post v. American Cleaning Equipment Corp.,437 S.W.2d 516 (Ky. 1969) — 4:378
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Potomac Edison Co. v. Johnson, 152 A. 633(Md. 1930) — 10:108
Potter v. Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., 694 A.2d1319 (Conn. 1997) — 4:207, 4:211, 4:214,4:294–95, 10:407
Potter v. Firestone Tire and Rubber Co., 25 Cal.Rptr.2d 550 (Cal. 1993) — 7:103, 7:107,7:117–22
Powder Horn Nursery, Inc. v. Soil and PlantLaboratory, Inc., 579 P.2d 582 (Ariz. App.1978) — 2:203
Powell v. E.W. Bliss Co., 346 F.Supp. 819 (D.C.Mich. 1972) — 1:26
Prairie Productions, Inc. v. Agchem Division-Pennwalt Corp., 514 N.E.2d 1299 (Ind.App. 1987) — 3:20
Pratt & Whitney Canada, Inc. v. Sheehan, 852P.2d 1173 (Alaska 1993) — 7:220
Prendergast v. Nelson, 256 N.W.2d 657 (Neb.1977) — 12:331–32
Prentis v. Yale Mfg. Co., 365 N.W.2d 176 (Mich.1984) — 4:259
Presbrey v. Gillette Co., 435 N.E.2d 513 (Ill.App. 1982) — 5:253
Presto v. Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corp., 487S.E.2d 70 (Ga. App. 1997) — 11:161–63,11:203
Preston v. Keith, 584 A.2d 439 (Conn. 1991) —8:179–80, 8:181–82
Price v. Ashby’s Inc., 354 P.2d 1064 (Utah1960) — 10:422–23
Price v. Shell Oil Company, 466 P.2d 722 (Cal.1970) — 4:34
Prince v. LeVan, 486 P.2d 959 (Alaska 1971) —3:188
Proctor v. Davis, 682 N.E.2d 1203 (Ill. App.1997) — 11:104–11
Promaulayko v. Johns Manville Sales Corp., 562A.2d 202 (N.J. 1989) — 9:74–75
Propulsid Products Liability Litigation, In re,2002 WL 1446714 (E.D.La. 2002) —11:207–10
Providence Hospital v. Truly, 611 S.W.2d 127(Tex. Civ. App. 1980) — 4:69, 11:132,11:164–65
Pullum v. Cincinnati, Inc., 476 So.2d 657 (Fla.1985) — 12:275
Purjet v. Hess Oil Virgin Islands Corp., 1986WL 1200 (D.V.I. 1996) — 7:138
Purvis v. PPG Industries, Inc., 502 So.2d 714(Ala. 1987) — 4:346, 11:225
Pustejovsky v. Rapid-American Corp., 35S.W.3d 643 (Tex. 2000) — 12:53–58, 12:59
Pysz v. Henry’s Drug Store, 457 So.2d 561 (Fla.App. 1984) — 11:191
Quaker Alloy Casting Co. v. Gulfco Industries,Inc., 686 F.Supp. 1319 (N.D.Ill. 1988) —3:248
Quintana v. United Blood Services, A Div. ofBlood Systems, Inc., 811 P.2d 424 (Colo.App. 1991) — 10:35
Quintana-Ruiz v. Hyundai Motor Corp., 303F.3d 62 (1st Cir. 2000) — 4:156, 10:446
R.A.P. v. B.J.P., 428 N.W.2d 103 (Minn. App.1988) — 2:134
R.J. v. Humana of Florida, Inc., 652 So.2d 360(Fla. 1995) — 7:89
Rader v. United States Rubber Reclaiming Co.,617 F.Supp. 1045 (S.D.Miss. 1985) — 5:299
Raflo v. United States, 157 F.Supp.2d 1 (D.D.C.2001) — 5:419
Rahmig v. Mosley Machinery Co., 412 N.W.2d56 (Neb. 1987) — 4:173
Ralston v. Illinois Power Co., 299 N.E.2d 497(Ill. App. 1973) — 8:62
Ramirez v. Amsted Industries, Inc., 431 A.2d811 (N.J. 1981) — 10:267
Ramirez v. Plough, Inc., 863 P.2d 167 (Cal.1993) — 4:361
Ramirez v. Richardon-Merrell, Inc., 628 F.Supp.85 (E.D.Pa. 1986) — 11:191
Ramos Santiago v. Wellcraft Marine Corp., 93F.Supp. 2d 112 (D.PuertoRico 2000) —7:79
Ramos v. Browning Ferris Industries of SouthJersey, Inc., 510 A.2d 1152 (N.J. 1986) —9:128
Ramos v. Silent Hoist and Crane Co., 607 A.2d667 (N.J. Super. App. Div. 1992) — 4:410
Ramsey Brick Sales Co. v. Outlaw, 262 S.E.2d227 (Ga. App. 1979) — 3:164–65
Randi W. v. Muroc Joint Unified School Dist.,929 P.2d 582 (Cal. 1997) — 2:177–78,2:213
Rastelli v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 582N.Y.S.2d 373 (N.Y. 1992) — 5:218–19
Rawson v. Conover, 20 P.3d 876 (Utah 2001) —3:198–201
Ray v. Alad Corp., 136 Cal. Rptr. 574 (Cal.1977) — 10:263–66
Ray v. Upjohn Co., 851 S.W.2d 646 (Mo. App.1993) — 5:247
Raymond v. City of Haverhill, 47 N.E. 101(Mass. 1897) — 6:40
Raymond v. Eli Lilly & Co., 371 A.2d 170 (N.H.1977) — 12:62
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Raynor v. Richardson-Merrell, Inc., 643 F.Supp.238 (D.D.C. 1986) — 11:142
Rayonier Inc. v. United States, 352 U.S. 315(1957) — 5:451
Raytheon Co. v. McGraw-Edison Co., Inc., 979F.Supp. 858 (E.D.Wis. 1997) — 7:266
Reali v. Mazda Motor of America, Inc., 106F.Supp.2d 75 (D.Me. 2000) — 4:170
Reaves v. Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp., 765F.Supp. 1287 (E.D.Mich.1991) — 11:93
Recreatives, Inc. v. Myers, 226 N.W.2d 474(Wis. 1975) — 3:193
Reed Paper Co. v. Procter & Gamble Distrib.Co., 807 F.Supp. 840 (D.Me. 1992) — 2:59
Reed v. Chrysler Corp., 494 N.W.2d 224 (Iowa1992) — 8:154
Reed v. Danville Concrete Products Co., 429N.E.2d 605 (Ill. App. 1981) — 6:86
Reese v. Good Samaritan Hospital, 953 P.2d 117(Wash. App. 1998) — 3:80–2
Reeves v. Cincinnati, Inc., 439 N.W.2d 326(Mich. App. 1989) — 4:170
Regan v. Amerimark Bldg. Products, Inc., 454S.E.2d 849 (N.C. App. 1995) — 5:268
RegO, In re, 623 A.2d 92 (Del. Ch. 1992) —10:252
Rehurek v. Chrysler Credit Corp., 262 So.2d452 (Fla. App. 1972) — 3:210
Reid v. Eckerds Drugs, Inc., 253 S.E.2d 344(N.C. App. 1979) — 3:159
Reighley v. International Playtex, Inc., 604F.Supp. 1078 (D.Colo. 1985) — 7:186
Reimer v. City of Crookston, 326 F.3d 957 (8thCir. 2003) — 8:44–46
Reno v. Flores, 507 U.S. 292 (1993)—12:167–68Renslow v. Mennonite Hospital, 367 N.E.2d
1250 (Ill. 1977) — 5:61Resolution Trust Corp. v Heiserman, 898 P.2d
1049 (Colo. 1995) — 10:194, 10:209Resolution Trust Corp. v. Block, 924 S.W.2d
354 (Tenn. 1996) — 10:209Reuben v. Ely, 705 P.2d 1360 (Ariz. App.
1985) — 7:186Rexrode v. American Laundry Press Co., 674
F.2d 826 (10th Cir. 1982) — 10:43, 10:Reyes v. Wyeth Laboratories, 498 F.2d 1264 (5th
Cir. 1974) — 11:84–85, 11:89–90Rezulin Products Liability Litigation, In re, 133
F.Supp.2d 272 (S.D.N.Y. 2001) — 11:198Rezulin Products Liability Litigation, In re, 309
F.Supp.2d 531 (S.D.N.Y. 2004) — 10:21Rhoads v. Service Mach. Co., 329 F.Supp. 367
(E.D.Ark. 1971) — 8:42–43
Rhoto v. Ribando, 504 So.2d 1119 (La.App.1987) — 11:93
Rhyme v. K-Mart Corp., 594 S.E.2d 1 (N.C.2004) — 12:305
Rice v. Santa Fe Elevator Corp., 331 U.S. 218(1947) — 5:305, 5:307
Rich Products Corp. v. Kemutec, Inc., 66F.Supp.2d 937 (E.D.Wis. 1999) — 7:265
Rich v. Tench Elec. Motor Works, Inc., 642So.2d 293 (La. App. 1994) — 6:6–7, 6:11
Richards v. Goerg Boat and Motors, Inc., 384N.E.2d 1084 (Ind. App. 1979) — 3:215
Richards v. United States, 369 U.S. 1 (1962) —5:419
Richardson v. Carnegie Library Restaurant,Inc., 763 P.2d 1153 (N.M. 1988) — 12:222
Richelman v. Kewanee Machinery & ConveyorCo., 375 N.E.2d 885 (Ill. App. 1978) —5:28–29
Richman v. Charter Arms, 571 F.Supp. 192(E.D.La. 1983) — 11:229
Richman v. United States, 709 F.2d 122 (1st Cir.1983) — 5:424
Riden v. ICI Americas, Inc., 763 F.Supp. 1500(W.D.Mo. 1991) — 5:314
Ridings v. Ralph M. Parsons Co., 914 S.W.2d 79(Tenn. 1996) — 12:94–95
Riff v. Morgan Pharmacy, 508 A.2d 1247 (Pa.Super. 1986) — 11:188
Riley v. American Honda Motor Co., 856 P.2d196 (Mont. 1993) — 3:270–71, 10:166
Riley v. Ford Motor Co., 442 F.2d 670 (5th Cir.1971) — 3:270–71
Rinaldi v. Aaron, 314 So.2d 762 (Fla. 1975) —7:310
Rindlisbaker v. Wilson, 519 P.2d 421 (Idaho1974) — 7:19–20
Rinke v. Potrzebowski, 657 N.W.2d 169 (Mich.App. 2002) — 12:103–06
Rios v. Niagara Mach. & Tool Works, 299N.E.2d 86 (Ill. App. 1973) — 4:242
Rivera v. Wyeth-Ayerst Lab., 283 F.3d 315 (5thCir.2002) — 7:108
Rix v. Reeves, 532 P.2d 185 (Ariz. App. 1975) —4:442
Robb v. Pennsylvania R. Co., 210 A.2d 709(Del. 1965) — 7:92
Robbins Dry Dock & Repair Co. v. Flint, 275U.S. 303 (1927) — 7:202–03
Robbins v. Alberto-Culver Co., 499 P.2d 1080(Kan. 1972) — 5:255
Roberson v. Nooter Corp. 459 So.2d 1156 (Fla.App. 1984) — 5:299
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Roberts v. Gray’s Crane & Rigging, Inc., 697P.2d 985 (Or. App. 1985) — 9:128, 9:131
Roberts v. Rich Foods, Inc., 654 A.2d 1365 (N.J.1995) — 4:211
Robertson v. Allied Signal, Inc., 914 F.2d 360(3rd Cir. 1990) — 10:333
Robinson v. Audi Nsu Auto Union Aktienge-sellschaft, 739 F.2d 1481 (10th Cir.1984) — 10:45
Robinson v. Charleston Area Medical Center, 414S.E.2d 877 (W.Va. 1991)—12:216, 12:305
Robinson v. Lewis, 457 P.2d 483 (Or. 1969) —8:197
Robinson v. Omer, 952 S.W.2d 423 (Tenn.1997) — 2:194–95
Robinson v. Reed-Prentice Div. of Package Ma-chinery Co., 426 N.Y.S.2d 717 (N.Y.1980) — 4:99–101, 4:222, 4:379, 5:235
Robinson v. Williamson, 537 S.E.2d 159 (Ga.App. 2000) — 11:158
Rock Creek Ginger Ale Co. v. Thermice Corp.,352 F.Supp. 522 (D.D.C. 1971) — 3:127
Rocky Mountain Helicopters, Inc. v. Bell Heli-copter, 24 F.3d 125 (10th Cir. 1994) —2:73, 2:79
Rodgers v. American Honda Motor Co., 46 F.3d1 (1st Cir. 1995) — 8:188, 8:190
Rodrigues v. Besser Co., 565 P.2d 1315 (Ariz.App. 1977) — 5:79
Rogers v. Furlow, 699 F.Supp. 672(N.D.Ill.1988) — 10:194
Roginski v. Richardson-Merrell, Inc., 378 F.2d832 (2nd Cir. 1967) — 7:316–17
Romero v. International Harvester Co., 979 F.2d1444 (10th Cir. 1992) — 5:106
Romito v. Red Plastic Co., 44 Cal. Rptr. 2d 834(Cal. App. 1995) — 6:29–31
Rookes v. Bernard, [1964] App. Case. 1129; 1All E.R. 367 — 1:69, 7:294–95
Rosales v. Verson Allsteel Press Co., 354 N.E.2d553 (Ill. App. 1976) — 5:299
Rosario v. American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines,Inc., 531 F.2d 1227 (3rd Cir. 1976) — 5:424
Rose v. Via Christi Health System, Inc., 78 P.3d798 (Kan. 2003) — 12:128, 12:129
Rosebrock v General Electric Co., 140 N.E. 571(N.Y. 1923) — 5:146
Rosemond v. Harshaw Chemical Co., 521N.Y.S.2d 754 (App. Div. 1987) — 5:156
Rosenan v. City of Esterville, 199 N.W.2d 125(Iowa 1972) — 8:132
Rosenblum v. Adler, 461 A.2d 138 (N.J.1983) — 2:185
Ross v. First Family Financial Services, Inc.,2002 WL 31059582 (N.D.Miss. 2002) —7:307
Ross v. Philip Morris & Co., 328 F.2d 3 (8th Cir.1964) — 1:26
Ross v. Spiegel, Inc., 373 N.E.2d 1288 (Ohio1977) — 9:20–22
Ross v. Up-Right, Inc., 402 F.2d 943 (5th Cir.1968) — 4:74
Rossell v. Volkswagen of America, 709 P.2d 517(Ariz. 1985) — 10:36
Rossell v. Volkswagen of America, 709 P.2d 533(Ariz. App. 1984) — 1:11
Rotorex Co., Inc. v. Kingbury Corp., 42F.Supp.2d 563 (D.Md. 1999) — 7:5
Roundhouse v. Owen-Illinois, Inc., 604 F.2d990 (6th Cir. 1979) — 7:30
Royal Business Machines, Inc. v. LorraineCorp., 633 F.2d 34 (7th Cir. 1980) — 3:106
Russek v. Unisys Corp., 921 F.Supp. 1277(D.N.J. 1996) — 5:499
Russo v. Abex Corp., 670 F.Supp. 206(E.D.Mich. 1987) — 1:40
Ruzzo v. LaRose Enterprises, 748 A.2d 261 (R.I.2000) — 8:17, 8:34
Ryan v. Eli Lilly & Co., 514 F.Supp. 1004(D.S.C. 1981) — 10:305–06
Rybeck v. Rybeck, 358 A.2d 828 (N.J. Super. L.1976) — 12:226
Rylands v. Fletcher, (1965) 3 Hurl. & C. 774(Ex. Ct.) — 4:1
Rylands v. Fletcher, (1865–66) L.R. 1 Ex 265;[1865–66] All E.R. Rep. 1; (1866) Hurl. &C. 263 (Ex Chamber) — 4:1–4
Rylands v. Fletcher, (1868) L.R. 3 H.L. 330—4:5Safeway Stores v. Nest-Kart, 579 P.2d 441 (Cal.
1978) — 4:40Salcetti v. Truck, 27 UCCRS 679 (D.C.Super.
1979) — 8:31Salinas v. Vierstra, 695 P.2d 369 (Idaho 1985) —
8:132Salisbury v. Purdue Pharma, L.P., 166 F.Supp.2d
546 (E.D.Ky. 2001) — 11:198Salk v. Alpine Ski Shop, Inc., 342 A.2d 622 (R.I.
1975) — 3:49–52Saloomy v. Jeppeson & Co., 707 F.2d 671 (2d
Cir. 1983) — 4:430Salter v. United States, 880 F.Supp. 1524
(M.D.Ala. 1995) — 5:438Salvador v. Atlantic Steel Boiler Co., 319 A.2d
903 (Pa. 1974) — 3:25–27Sampson v. Penny, 187 N.W. 135 (Minn.
1922) — 2:139
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Samsel v. Wheeler Transport Services, Inc., 789P.2d 541 (Kan. 1990) — 12:258–59
Samson v. Reising, 215 N.W.2d 662 (Wis.1974) — 3:134, 10:275–76
San Diego Building Trades Council v. Garmon,359 U.S. 236 (1959) — 5:317
Sanchez v. Schindler, 651 S.W.2d 249 (Tex.1983) — 7:177–78
Sanchez-Lopez v. Fedco Food Corp., 211N.Y.S.2d 953 (N.Y. City Ct. 1961) — 3:119
Sanderson v. Eckerd Corp., 780 So.2d 930 (Fla.App. 2001) — 11:189
Sands v. J.I. Case Co., 605 N.E.2d 714 (Ill. App.1992) — 9:118–19
Santor v. A & M Karagheusian, Inc., 207 A.2d305 (N.J. 1965) — 7:211–12
Sapp v. Morton Bldgs., Inc., 973 F.2d 539 (7thCir. 1992) — 4:63–64
Saratoga Fish Co. v. J. M. Martinac & Co., 520U.S. 875 (1997) — 7:228–29
Sargent Fletcher, Inc. v. Able Corp., 3 Cal. Rptr.3d 279 (Cal. App. 2003) — 10:14
Sartor v. Arkansas Natural Gas Corp., 321 U.S.620 (1944) — 10:446
Sauder Custom Fabrication, Inc. v. Boyd, 967S.W.2d 349 (Tex. 1998) — 5:199
Saunder v. Cowl, 277 N.W. 12 (Minn. 1938) —3:102
Saunders System Birmingham Co. v. Adams,117 So. 72 (Ala. 1928) — 6:20
Savard v. Cody Chevrolet, Inc., 234 A.2d 656(Vt. 1967) — 7:92
Saxby v. Southern Land Co., 63 S.E. 423(1909) — 2:26
Scallan v. Duriron Co., 11 F.3d 1249 (5th Cir.1994) — 4:234
Schaefer v. Edward D. Jones & Co., 552 N.W.2d801 (S.D. 1996) — 7:302
Schaerrer v. Stewart’s Plaza Pharmacy, Inc., 79P.3d 922 (Utah 2003) — 11:149–52
Schafer v. JLC Food Services, Inc., 2004 WL78022 (Minn. App. 2004) — 11:26
Schaffner v. Chicago and North WesternTransp. Co., 515 N.E.2d 298 (Ill. App.1987) 4:173
Schenebeck v. Sterling Drug, Inc., 423 F.2d 919(8th Cir. 1970) — 10:149
Schmaltz v. Nissen, 431 N.W.2d 657 (S.D.1988) — 3:236
Schmidt v. Mahoney, 659 N.W.2d 552 (Iowa2003) — 2:172
Schmidt v. United States, 933 F.2d 639 (8th Cir.1991) — 5:424
Schmitt v. Ornes Esswein & Co., 183 N.W. 840(Minn. 1921) — 2:99–101
Schneider National, Inc. v. Holland Hitch Co.,843 P.2d 561 (Wyo. 1992) — 4:222, 9:75
Scholz v. Metropolitan Pathologists, PC, 851P.2d 901 (Colo. 1993) — 12:305
Schump v. Firestone Tire and Rubber Co., 541N.E.2d 1040 (Ohio 1989) — 5:295–97
Schutte v. Celotex Corp., 492 N.W.2d 773(Mich. App. 1992) — 10:146
Schwan v. Riverside Methodist Hosp., 452N.E.2d 1337 (Ohio 1983) — 12:304
Schweber Electronic v. National SemiconductorCorp., 850 P.2d 119 (Ariz. App. 1992) —9:32, 9:47
Schweiger Const. Co., Inc. v. United States, 49Fed. Cl. 188 (Fed. Cl. 2001) — 5:435
Scott v. Forest Lake Chrysler-Plymouth-Dodge,598 N.W.2d 713 (Minn. App. 2000) —2:112
Scott v. Greenville Pharmacy, 44 S.E.2d 324(S.C. 1948) — 6:167
Scott v. Illinois Tool Works, Inc., 550 N.W.2d809 (Mich. App. 1996) — 3:43–44
Scott v. Norman, 391 S.W.2d 890 (Mo. 1965) —8:60
Scott v. Pacific West Mountain Resort, 834 P.2d6 (Wash. 1992) — 8:7
Scovil v. Chilcoat, 424 P.2d 87 (Okla. 1967) —3:116–17
Seagraves v. ABCO Manufacturing Co., 164S.E.2d 242 (Ga.App. 1968) — 2:228–29
Sea-Land Service, Inc. v. United States, 689F.Supp. 450 (D.N.J. 1988) — 9:11, 9:13
Sea-Land Service, Inc. v. United States, 874 F.2d169 (3rd Cir. 1989) — 9:14–15
Seattle-First Nat. Bank v. Shoreline ConcreteCo., 588 P.2d 1308 (Wash. 1978) — 12:79
Sebago, Inc. v. Beazer East, Inc., 18 F.Supp.2d70 (D.Mass 1998) — 2:50, 2:59, 3:18, 3:21,7:263
Sedar v. Knowlton Const. Co., 551 N.E.2d 938(Ohio 1990) — 12:237
Sedgwick v. Kawasaki Cycleworks, Inc., 593N.E.2d 69 (Ohio App. 1991) — 10:135
Seely v. White Motor Co., 403 P.2d 145 (Cal.1965) — 7:213–14
Seese v. Volkswagenwerk A.G., 648 F.2d 833(3rd Cir. 1981) — 10:413–14
Selchert v. State, 420 N.W.2d 816 (Iowa1988) — 12:114
Select Pork, Inc. v. Babcock Swine, Inc., 640F.2d 147 (8th Cir. 1981) — 3:269
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Seley v. G.D. Searle & Co., 423 N.E.2d 831(Ohio 1981) — 11:93
Selfe v. Smith, 397 So.2d 348 (Fla. App.1981) — 7:140
Selman v. Shirley, 91 P.2d 312 (Or. 1939) —2:125
Semeniuk v. Chentis, 117 N.E.2d 883 (Ill. App.1954) — 1:12
Senn v. Merrill-Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 751P.2d 215 (Or. 1988) — 11:52
Seoane v. Ortho Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 660 F.2d146 (5th Cir. 1981) — 12:194
Sexton v. Bell Helmets, Inc., 926 F.2d 331 (4thCir. 1991) — 10:57, 10:397
Shackil v. Lederle Laboratories, a Div. of Amer-ican Cyanamid Co., 561 A.2d 511 (N.J.1989) — 10:330
Shaffer v. Honeywell, Inc., 249 N.W.2d 251(S.D. 1976) — 10:98
Shanks v. Upjohn Co., 835 P.2d 1189 (Alaska1992) — 11:52
Shanley v. Callanan Industries, Inc., 429 N.E.2d104 (N.Y. 1981) — 12:113
Sharkey v. Sterling Drug, Inc., 600 So.2d 701(La. App. 1992) — 7:69, 11:127
Sharp ex rel. Gordon v. Case Corp., 595 N.W.2d380 (Wis. 1999) — 5:88
Sharpe v. Bestop, Inc., 713 A.2d 1079 (N.J.Super. App. Div. 1998) — 10:154
Shaw v. Dow Brands, Inc., 994 F.2d 364 (7thCir. 1993) — 5:352
Shaw v. Grumman Aerospace Corp., 778 F.2d736 (11th Cir. 1985) — 5:477
Shawver v. Roberts Corp., 280 N.W.2d 226(Wis. 1979) — 4:222
Shea v. North Butte Mining Co., 179 P. 499(Mont. 1919) — 12:224
Sheehan v. Cincinnati Shaper Co., 555 A.2d1352 (Pa. Super. 1989) — 4:222
Sheeskin v. Giant Food Inc., 318 A.2d 874 (Md.App. 1974) — 3:168
Shell Oil Co. v. Gutierrez, 581 P.2d 271 (Ariz.App. 1978) — 4:353
Shepard v. Superior Court, 142 Cal. Rptr. 612(Cal. App. 1977) — 7:79, 7:158, 7:160
Shepherd Components, Inc., v. Brice Petrides-Donohue & Assoc., Inc., 473 N.W.2d 612(Iowa 1991) — 12:28
Shield v. Bayliner Marine Corp., 822 F.Supp. 81(D.Conn. 1993) — 7:173
Shiflet v. Eller, 319 S.E.2d 750 (Va. 1984) — 9:6Shipper v. Levitt & Sons, Inc., 207 A.2d 314
(N.J. 1965) — 4:392
Sholtis v. American Cyanamid Co., 568 A.2d1196 (N.J. Super. App. Div. 1989) — 10:333
Short v. Edison Chouest Offshore, Inc., 638So.2d 790 (Ala. 1994) — 5:253
Shorter v. Drury, 695 P.2d 116 (Wash. 1985) —8:14
Siemen v. Alden, 341 N.E.2d 713 (Ill. App.1975) — 3:131–33
Sills v. Massey-Ferguson, Inc. 296 F. Supp. 776(N.D.Ind. 1969) — 1:40
Silver v. Silver, 280 U.S. 117 (1927) — 12:262Simitar Entertainment, Inc., In re, 275 B.R. 331
(D.Minn. Bankruptcy Ct. 2002) — 2:163,3:185
Simmons v. Pacor, Inc., 674 A.2d 232 (Pa.1996) — 7:126
Simon II Litigation, In re, 211 F.R.D. 86(E.D.N.Y. 2002) — 10:438
Simon Property Group, L.P. v. mySimon, Inc.,2000 WL 1206575 (S.D.Ind. 2000) — 2:98
Simon v. Beebe Medical Center, 2004 WL692647 (Del. Super. 2004) — 7:302
Simoneau v. South Bend Lathe, Inc., 543 A.2d407 (N.H. 1988) — 10:262
Simpson v. Pittsburgh Corning Corp., 901 F.2d277 (2nd Cir. 1990) — 7:302
Sims v. Tezak, 694 N.E.2d 1015 (Ill. App.1998) — 2:104
Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories, 607 P.2d 924(Cal. 1980) — 10:228, 10:291, 10:307,10:308–15
Sinn v. Bird, 404 A.2d 672 (Pa. 1979) — 7:81Sithon Maritime Co. v. Holiday Mansion, 983
F.Supp. 977 (D.Kan. 1997) — 3:18Skees v. United States, 107 F.3d 411 (6th Cir.
1997) — 5:460Skelton v. Druid City Hosp. Bd., 459 So.2d 818
(Ala. 1984) — 11:158Skipworth by Williams v. Lead Industries Ass’n,
Inc., 690 A.2d 169 (1997) — 10:208Slack v. James, 589 S.E.2d 772 (S.C. App.
2003) — 2:108Slater v. Skyhawk Transp., Inc., 77 F.Supp.2d
580 (D.N.J. 1999) — 9:131Slattery v. Marra Bros., Inc., 186 F.2d 134 (2nd
Cir. 1951) — 9:59Slaughter v. Pennsylvania X-Ray Corp., 638
F.2d 639 (3rd Cir. 1981) — 9:6Slover v. Fabtek, 517 A.2d 293 (Del. Super.
1986) — 10:20SME Industries, Inc. v. Thompson, Ventulett,
Stainback & Associates, Inc., 28 P.3d 669(Utah 2001) — 3:63
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Smith v. Aaron, 508 S.W.2d 320 (Ark. 1974) —1:113
Smith v. Air Feeds, Inc., 556 N.W.2d 160 (IowaCt. App. 1996) — 5:270
Smith v. Department of Insurance, 507 So.2d1080 (Fla. 1987) — 12:229–30
Smith v. Leach Brain & Co., [1962] 2 Q.B. 405—6:155–57
Smith v. Linn, 563 A.2d 123 (Pa. Super.1989) — 4:432–33
Smith v. Old Warson Dev. Co., 479 S.W.2d 795(Mo. 1972) — 4:394
Smith v. Selco Products, 385 S.E.2d 173 (N.C.App. 1989) — 5:79
Smith v. Sharpensteen, 521 P.2d 394 (Okla.1974) — 3:211
Smith v. Snead, 938 S.W.2d 181 (Tex. App.1997) — 2:207–09
Smith v. Stewart, 667 P.2d 358 (Kan. 1983) —3:124, 3:194, 3:248
Smith v. Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories Co., 278F.Supp.2d 684 (W.D.N.C. 2003) — 10:465
Smith v. Xerox Corp., 866 F.2d 135 (5th Cir.1989) — 5:501–02
Snell v. Bell Helicopter, 107 F.3d 744 (9th Cir.1997) — 5:499
Snider v. Bob Thibodeau Ford, Inc., 202 N.W.2d727 (Mich. App. 1972)—10:284–86
Snowden v. Canaught Laboratories, Inc., 136F.R.D. 694 (D.Kan. 1991) — 4:152
Snyder v. ISC Alloys, Ltd., 772 F. Supp. 244(W.D.Pa. 1991) — 4:58
Snyder v. LTG Luftechnische GmbH, 955S.W.2d 252 (Tenn. 1997) — 12:96
Soaper v. Hope Indus., Inc., 424 S.E.2d 493(S.C. 1992) — 3:192
Soaper v. Hope Indus., Inc., 413 S.E.2d 38(S.C.App. 1992) — 10:7
Sofie v. Fibreboard Corp., 771 P.2d 711 (Wash.1989) — 12:202, 12:337, 12:344–45
Solo v. Trus Joint MacMillan, 2004 WL 524898(D.Minn. 2004) — 10:74
Sonbergh v. MacQuarrie, 247 P.2d 133 (Cal.App. 1952) — 12:49
Sonnenreich v. Philip Morris, Inc., 929 F.Supp.416 (S.D.Fla.1996) — 10:194
Soo Line Railroad Co. v. Fruehauf Corp., 547F.2d 1365 (8th Cir. 1977) — 3:274–75
Sorban v. Sterling Engineering Corp., 830A.2d 372 (Conn. App. 2003) —5:275
Sorrells v. Eli Lilly & Co., 737 F.Supp. 678(D.D.C. 1990) — 5:75
Soule v. General Motors Corp., 882 P.2d 298(Cal. 1994) — 4:272–74, 5:161, 10:400–02
Southeastern Steel Company v. W.A. HuntConstruction Company, Inc., 390 S.E.2d475 (S.C. App. 1990) — 3:249–50
Southern Bakeries, Inc. v. Knipp, 852 So.2d 712(Ala. 2002) — 7:138
Sparapany v. Rexall Corp., 618 N.E.2d 1098 (Ill.App. 1993) — 5:75
Sparks v. Kroger Co., 407 S.E.2d 105 (Ga. App.1991) — 11:172–74
Speed Fasteners v. Newson, 382 F.2d 395 (10thCir. 1967) — 3:28
Spencer v. Ford Motor Co., 367 N.W.2d 393(Mich. App. 1985) — 5:221–22
Sperry-New Holland, A Div. of Sperry Corp. v.Prestage, 617 So.2d 248 (Miss. 1993) —4:146, 4:157
Spiegel v. Saks 34th Street, 252 N.Y.S.2d 852(N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1964) — 3:59
Spier v. Barker, 363 N.Y.S.2d 916 (N.Y. 1974) —8:187, 8:190, 8:193, 8:197
Spiller v. Thomas M. Lowe, Jr. & Assoc., Inc.,466 F.2d 903 (8th Cir.1972) —7:172
Sprietsma v. Mercury Marine, a Div. ofBrunswick Corp., 537 U.S. 51 (2002) —5:393, 5:395, 5:400–12
Sprietsma v. Mercury Marine, a Div. ofBrunswick Corp., 757 N.E.2d 75 (Ill.2001) — 5:406
Spring Motors Distributors, Inc. v. Ford MotorCo., 489 A.2d 660 (N.J. 1985) — 7:215–16,7:271
Springmeyer v. Ford Motor Co., 71 Cal. Rptr.2d190 (Cal. App. 1998) — 6:139
Spruill v. Boyle-Midway, Inc., 308 F.2d 79 (4thCir. 1962) — 4:350–51, 4:362, 4:365
Spychala v. G.D. Searle & Co., 705 F.Supp. 1024(D.N.J.1988) — 11:93
Squire v. Reynolds, 5 A.2d 877 (Conn. 1939) —6:40
Squish La Fish, Inc. v. Thomco Specialty Prod-ucts, Inc., 149 F.3d 1288 (11th Cir.1998) — 2:210–13, 7:254
St. Denis v. Department of Housing and UrbanDevelopment, 900 F.Supp. 1094 (D.Alaska1995) — 7:254
St. Joseph’s Hospital v. Corbetta ConstructionCo., 316 N.E.2d 51 (Ill. App. 1974) —2:5–8, 2:38–39, 2:57
St. Louis S.W.R. Co. v. Williams, 397 F.2d 147(5th Cir. 1968) — 1:108
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St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. Michelin TireCorp., 298 N.E.2d 289 (Ill. App. 1973) —9:103, 9:119
St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. R. V. World,577 N.E.2d 72 (Ohio App. 1989) — 3:63
Stahlheber v. American Cyanamid Co., 451S.W.2d 48 (Mo. 1970) — 1:27
Stanback v. Parke, Davis & Co., 657 F.2d 642(4th Cir. 1981) — 10:141
Standard Brands Chemical Industries, Inc. v.Pilot Freight Carriers, Inc., 319 N.Y.S.2d457 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1971) — 3:168
Standard Fish Co., Ltd. v. 7337 Douglas Enter-prises, Inc., 673 So.2d 503 (Fla. App.1996) — 7:5
Stanfield v. Medalist Indus., Inc., 340 N.E.2d276 (Ill. App. 1975) — 4:217
Stanford v. Owens, 265 S.E.2d 617 (N.C. App.1980) — 2:87
Stang v. Hertz Corp., 490 P.2d 475 (N.M. App.1971) — 3:77–79
Stang v. Hertz Corporation, 497 P.2d 732 (N.M.1972) — 4:34
Stanley Industries, Inc., v. W. M. Barr & Co.,784 F.Supp. 1570 (S.D.Fla. 1992) —4:361
Stanton v. Astra Pharmaceutical Prod. Inc., 718F.2d 553 (3rd Cir. 1983) — 1:81, 1:83,1:111
State Auto Mutual Ins. Co. v. Chrysler Corp.,304 N.E.2d 891 (Ohio 1973) — 10:385
State ex rel. Nichols v. Safeco Ins. Co., 671 P.2d1151 (N.M. App. 1983) — 2:159
State ex rel. Ohio Academy of Trial Lawyers v.Sheward, 715 N.E.2d 1062 (Ohio 1999) —12:22, 12:40, 12:202, 12:337
State ex rel. Strykowski v. Wilkie, 261 N.W.2d434 (Wis. 1978) — 12:228
State Farm Mut. Auto Ins. Co. v. Anderson-Weber, Inc., 110 N.W.2d 449 (Iowa1961) — 10:118
State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Campbell,538 U.S. 408 (2003) — 1:2, 7:285,7:332–44, 12:15, 12:196
State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Ford MotorCo., 736 So.2d 384 (Miss. App. 1999) —7:222–23
State v. Moseley, 436 S.E.2d 632 (Ga. 1993) —7:309
State v. Purdy, 601 P.2d 258 (Alaska 1979) —5:299
State v. Swapp, 808 P.2d 115 (Utah App.1991) — 6:86
States Steamship Co. v. Stone Manganese Ma-rine, Ltd., 371 F.Supp. 500 (D.N.J.1973) — 4:252, 4:454
Statler v. George A. Ray Mfg. Co., 88 N.E. 1063(N.Y. 1909) 5:129
Stauffer Chemical Co. v. Curry, 778 P.2d 1083(Wyo. 1989) — 3:211
Stauffer v. Ely, 270 N.E.2d 889 (Ind. App.1971) — 6:48
Stebbins v. Concord Wrigley Drugs, Inc., 416N.W.2d 381 (Mich. App. 1987) —11:183–85
Stehlik v. Rhoads, 645 N.W.2d 889 (Wis.2002) — 8:188
Stein v. Lukes, 823 S.W.2d 832 (Ark. 1992) —7:302
Steiner v. Ford Motor Co., 606 N.W.2d 881(N.D. 2000) — 10:7
Stencel Aero Engineering Corp. v. United States,431 U.S. 666 (1977) — 5:459
Stephens v. Chevron Oil Co., 517 F.2d 1123(5th Cir. 1975) — 9:43
Stephenson v. R. A. Jones & Co., 510 A.2d 1161(N.J. 1986) — 9:130
Sterling Drug, Inc. v. Cornish, 370 F.2d 82 (8thCir. 1966) — 11:81
Sterling v. Velsicol Chemical Corp., 855 F.2d1188 (6th Cir. 1988) — 7:103
Sternhagen v. Dow Co., 935 P.2d 1139 (Mont.1997) — 4:15, 4:203, 4:209–10, 4:212,4:297, 4:338
Stevens v. Parke, Davis & Co., 107 Cal. Rptr. 45(Cal. 1973) — 11:102–03
Stevenson v. R. A. Jones & Co., Inc., 510 A.2d1161 (N.J. 1986) — 5:79
Stewart v. CMI Corp. 740 P.2d 1340 (Utah1987) — 5:299
Stewart v. General Motors Corp., 222 F.Supp.2d845 (W.D.Ky. 2002) — 4:170
Stewart v. Houk, 271 P. 998 (Or. 1928) —12:277
Stewart v. Scott-Kitz Miller Co., 626 P.2d 329(Okla. App. 1981) — 8:216
Stipp v. Tsutomi Karasawa, 318 S.W.2d 172(Mo. 1958) — 8:184
Stofman v. Keenan Motors, Inc., 63 Pa. D. &C.2d 56 (Pa. Com. Pl. 1973) — 3:143
Stolle v. Anheuser-Busch, 271 S.W. 497 (Mo.1925) — 10:127
Stone v. United Engineering, a Div. of Wean,Inc., 475 S.E.2d 439 (W.Va. 1996) — 10:20
Stonehocker v. General Motors Corp., 587 F.2d151 (4th Cir. 1978) — 10:82, 10:362
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Stones v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 558 N.W.2d540 (Neb. 1997) — 3:193
Straub v. Fisher and Paykel Health Care, 990P.2d 384 (Utah 1999) — 7:80
Strong v. E. I. DuPont de Nemours Co., Inc., 667F.2d 682 (8th Cir.1981)—10:389, 10:393
Strzelecki v. Blaser’s Lakeside Industries of RiceLake, Inc., 348 N.W.2d 311 (Mich. App.1984) — 7:50–51
Stultz v. Reese Bros., Inc., 835 A.2d 754 (Pa.Super. 2003) — 8:180
Suarez v. Dickmont Plastics Corp., 639 A.2d507 (Conn. 1994) — 5:261, 5:275
Suchomajcz v. Hummel Chemical Co., Newark,New Jersey, 524 F.2d 19 (3rd Cir. 1975) —1:56
Sullivan Industries, Inc. v. Double Seal GlassCo., Inc., 480 N.W.2d 623 (Mich. App.1991) — 7:237–38
Sullivan v. Louisiana, 508 U.S. 275 (1993) —7:301
Summers v. Tice, 199 P.2d 1 (Cal. 1948) —10:287–90, 10:292
Sumner v. General Motors Corp., 538 N.W.2d112 (Mich. App. 1995) — 10:362
Sumnich v. Toyota Motors Sales, 360 N.W.2d 2(Wis. 1984) — 6:11
Sunday v. Stratton Corp., 390 A.2d 398 (Vt.1978) — 8:132
Sundstrom v. McDonnell Douglas Corp., 816F.Supp. 587 (N.D.Cal. 1993) — 5:500
Suttie v. Sun Oil Co., 15 Pa. D. & C. 3 (Pa.Cmwlth. Ct. 1930) — 8:145
Swamb v. Delta Air Lines, Inc., 516 So.2d 452(La. App. 1987) — 7:75
T.J. Hooper, The, 60 F.2d 737 (2nd Cir.1932) — 10:27
T.J. Stevenson & Co., Inc. v. 81,193 Bags ofFlour, 629 F.2d 338 (5th Cir. 1980) —3:244
Tabieros v. Clark Equipment Co., 944 P.2d 1279(Haw. 1997) — 5:102–03
Talley v. Danek Medical, Inc., 197 F.3d 154 (4thCir. 1999) — 1:74
Tamiami Gun Shop v. Klein, 109 So.2d 189(Fla. App. 1959) — 8:91–92
Tamiami Gun Shop v. Klein, 116 So.2d 421(Fla. 1959) — 1:109
Tansy v. Dacomed Corp., 890 P.2d 881 (Okla.1994) — 11:52
Target Stores, Div. of Dayton-Hudson Corp. v.Automated Maintenance Services, Inc.,492 N.W.2d 899 (N.D. 1992) — 10:209
Tasca v. GTE Products, 438 N.W.2d 625 (Mich.App. 1988) — 5:216–17
Tate v. Canonica, 5 Cal. Rptr. 28 (Cal. App.1960) — 6:167
Taurino v. Ellen, 579 A.2d 925 (Pa. Super.1990) — 11:93
Taylor v. Alfama, 481 A.2d 1059 (Vt. 1984) —3:105
Taylor v. Gate Pharmaceuticals, 639 N.W.2d 45(Mich. App. 2001) — 12:29
Teagle v. Fisher & Porter Co., 570 P.2d 438(Wash. 1977) — 8:186, 8:197
Technical Chem. Co. v. Jacobs, 480 S.W.2d 602(Tex. 1972) — 10:158
Teepak, Inc. v. Learned, 699 P.2d 5 (Kan.1985) — 9:1, 9:110
Temple-Inland Forest Products Corp. v. Carter,993 S.W.2d 88 (Tex. 1999) — 7:132–33
Tennessee Carolina Transp., Inc. v. StrickCorp., 196 S.E.2d 711 (N.C. 1973) —3:206–07
Tenold v. Weyerhaeuser Co., 873 P.2d 413 (Or.App. 1994) — 12:212–13
Tenzer v. Superscope, Inc., 216 Cal. Rptr. 130(Cal. 1985) — 7:190
Terhune v. A.H. Robins Co., 577 P.2d 975, 978(Wash. 1978) — 11:93
Testa v. Seidler, 439 N.Y.S.2d 469 (App. Div.1981) — 7:71
Tetuan v. A.H. Robins Co., 738 P.2d 1210 (Kan.1987) — 2:59, 2:129
Texaco, Inc. v. McGrew Lumber Co., 254N.E.2d 584 (Ill. App. 1969) — 9:79
Texas Industries, Inc. v. Radcliff Materials, Inc.,451 U.S. 630 (1981) — 5:482
Thames v. Zerangue, 411 So.2d 17 (La. 1980) —6:161
Thibert v. Milka, 646 N.E. 1025 (Mass. 1995) —5:60
Thing v. La Chusa, 771 P.2d 814 (Cal. 1989) —7:147–48
Thomas v. Clairol Inc., 583 So.2d 108 (La. App.1991) — 4:361
Thomas v. Winchester, 6 N.Y. 397 (N.Y.1852) — 5:128
Thomasson v. Rich Products Corp., 502 S.E.2d289 (Ga. App. 1998) — 12:127
Thompson v. Better-Bilt Aluminum Prods. Co.,Inc., 832 P.2d 203 (Ariz. 1992) — 7:307
Thompson v. Coates, 694 So.2d 599 (La. App.1997) — 7:24
Thornton v. Mono Manufacturing Co., 425N.E.2d 522 (Ill. App. 1981) — 12:236
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Thrash v. U-Drive-It Co., 110 N.E.2d 419(Ohio 1953) — 6:126–28
Thurin v. A.O. Smith Harvestore Products, Inc.,1998 WL 378840 (Wis. App. 1998) — 7:267
Tibbetts v. Crossroads, Inc., 572 N.W.2d 535(Minn. App. 1987) — 7:92
Tietsworth v. Harley-Davidson, Inc., 661N.W.2d 450 (Wis. App. 2003) — 2:84
Tillett v. J.I. Case Co., 756 F.2d 591 (7th Cir.1985) — 5:477
Tillman v. Vance Equipment Co., 596 P.2d 1299(Or. 1979) — 4:439–40, 4:444
Tillotson-Pearson, Inc., 840 F.Supp. 935 (D.R.I.1994) — 2:112
Timmons v. Ford Motor Co., 982 F.Supp. 1475(S.D.Ga. 1997) — 4:173
Tinnerholm v. Parke, Davis & Co., 411 F.2d 48(2d Cir. 1969) — 11:63
Tirrell v. Navistar International, Inc., 591 A.2d643 (N.J. Super. App. Div. 1991) — 4:222
Title v. Pontchartrain Hotel, 449 So.2d 677 (La.App. 1984) — 11:12, 11:13
Tobin v. Astra Pharmaceutical Products, Inc.,993 F.2d 528 (6th Cir. 1993) — 11:52,11:73
Todd v Societe Bic, S.A., 21 F.3d 1402 (7th Cir.1994) — 4:142, 4:278–80, 4:310, 5:162–63
Tolbert v. Gerber Industries, Inc., 255 N.W.2d362 (Minn. 1977) — 9:61–67
Toledo, Peoria and Western Ry. v. Metro WasteSystems, Inc., 59 F.3d 637 (7th Cir.1975) — 8:170
Toliver v. General Motors Corp., 482 So.2d 213(Miss. 1985) — 4:157, 4:190
Toltec Fabrics, Inc. v. August Inc., 29 F.3d 778(2nd Cir. 1994) — 7:29
Tomczuk v. Town of Cheshire, 217 A.2d 71(Conn. 1965) — 3:242
Tommy’s Elbow Room v. Kavorkian, 727 P.2d1038 (Alaska 1986) — 7:175, 7:178
Toner v. Lederle Laboratories, A Div. of Ameri-can Cyanamid Co., 732 P.2d 297 (Idaho1987) — 11:52, 11:80
Toppi v. United States, 332 F.Supp. 513 (E.D.Pa.1971) — 5:437
Toro v. Krouse, Kern & Co., Inc., 644 F.Supp.986 (N.D.Ind. 1986) — 2:182, 2:184
Torre v. Harris-Seybold Co., 404 N.E.2d 96(Mass. App. 1980) — 10:20
Torres v. El Paso Elec. Co., 987 P.2d 386 (N.M.1999) — 6:94
Torsiello v. Whitehall Labs., 398 A.2d 132 (N.J.Super. App. Div. 1979) — 11:83, 11:123
Town of Bridgeport v. Sterling, Clark, LurtonCorp., 693 A.2d 701 (Vt. 1997) — 4:353
Tozer v. LTV Corp., 792 F.2d 403 (4th Cir.1986) — 5:477, 5:480–81, 5:492
Trans States Airlines v. Pratt & Whitney Canada,Inc., 682 N.E.2d 45 (Ill. 1997)—7:224–28
Transport Ins. Co. v. Chrysler Corp., 71 F.3d720 (8th Cir. 1995) — 9:114
Transue v. Aesthetech Corp., 341 F.3d 911 (9thCir. 2003) — 11:78–80
Trimarco v Klein, 436 N.E.2d 502 (N.Y.1982) — 10:24
Trimble v. Asarco, Inc., 232 F.3d 946 (8th Cir.2000) — 7:52, 7:138
Triplex Communications, Inc. v. Riley, 900S.W.2d 716 (Tex. 1995) — 10:194
Tromza v. Tecumseh Products Co., 378 F.2d 601(3rd Cir. 1967) — 9:56–57
Trovato v. DeVeau, 736 A.2d 1212 (N.H.1999) — 12:291
Trust Corp. of Montana v. Piper Aircraft Corp.,506 F.Supp. 1093 (D.Mont.1981) — 8:153
Tryon v. Square D Co., 712 N.Y.S.2d 676 (App.Div. 2000) — 4:429
Tucci v. Bossert, 385 N.Y.S.2d 328 (App. Div.1976) — 6:55–58
Tucker v. Collar, 285 P.2d 178 (Ariz. 1955) —5:21–22
Tuggle v. Raymond Corp., 868 S.W.2d 621(Tenn. App. 1992) — 1:80
Tulkku v. Machworth Rees, Div. of Avis Indus-tries, Inc., 281 N.W.2d 291 (Mich.1979) — 8:90
Tull v. United States, 481 U.S. 412 (1987) —12:154–56
Tunkl v. Regents of University of California, 32Cal. Rptr. 33 (Cal. 1962) — 8:13
Turcotte v. Fell, 474 N.Y.S.2d 893 (N.Y.Sup.1984) — 8:137
Turner v. Bituminous Casualty Co., 244 N.W.2d873 (Mich. 1976) — 10:262
Turner v. General Motors Corp., 514 S.W.2d497 (Tex. Civ. App. 1974) — 10:407
Turner v. International Harvester Co., 336 A.2d62 (N.J. Super. L. 1975) — 4:441–42
Tuttle v. Raymond, 494 A.2d 1353 (Me.1985) — 7:307
TVT Records v. Island Def Jam Music Group,257 F.Supp.2d 737 (S.D.N.Y. 2003) — 7:311
Twin Disc, Inc. v. Big Bud Tractor, Inc., 582F.Supp. 208 (E.D.Wis. 1984) — 3:33
Ultramares Corp. v. Touche, 174 N.E. 441 (N.Y.1931) — 2:182
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Unicomp, Inc. v. Elementis Pigments, Inc.,1999 WL 1995400 (D.Me. 1999) 3:73–74
Union Stock Yards Co. of Omaha v. Chicago B.& Q.R.R. Co., 196 U.S. 217 (1905) — 9:57
Union Supply Co. v. Pust, 583 P.2d 276 (Colo.1978) — 10:20, 10:411–12
Unique Equipment Co. v. TRW Safety Systems,Inc., 3 P.3d 970 (Ariz. App. 1999) — 9:131
Uniroyal Chemical Co. v. American VanguardCorp., 249 Cal. Rptr. 787 (Cal. App.1988) — 9:47
United Novelty Co. v. Daniels, 42 So.2d 395(Miss. 1949) — 6:51, 6:54
United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co. v. Slifkin,200 F.Supp. 563 (N.D.Ala. 1961) — 12:134
Upjohn Co. v. Freeman, 885 S.W.2d 538 (Tex.App. 1994) — 2:10, 7:186
Uribe v. Sofamor, S.N.C., 1999 WL 1129703(D.Neb. 1999) — 1:74
Usery v. Turner Elkhorn Mining Co., 428 U.S. 1(1976) — 12:170
Utah International, Inc. v. Caterpillar TractorCo., 775 P.2d 741 (N.M. App. 1989)—7:242
Valiga v. National Food Co., 206 N.W.2d 377(Wis. 1975) — 3:225
Valley Datsun v. Martinez, 578 S.W.2d 485(Tex. Civ. App. 1979) — 3:101
Vallillo v. Muskin Corp., 514 A.2d 528 (N.J.Super. App. Div. 1986) — 10:143–44
Vamos v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. of New York,Inc., 627 N.Y.S.2d 265 (N.Y.C. Civ. Ct.1995) — 10:134
Vandermark v. Ford Motor Co, 37 Cal. Rptr.896 (Cal. 1964) — 8:17
Varilek v. Mitchell Engineering Co., 558 N.E.2d365 (Ill. App. 1990) — 8:66
Varwig v. Andersen-Behel Porshe/Audi, Inc.,141 Cal. Rptr. 539 (Cal. App. 1977) —2:47–48
Vassallo v. Baxter Healthcare Corp., 696 N.E.2d909 (Mass. 1998) — 4:326
Velleca v. Uniroyal Tire Co., Inc., 630 N.E.2d297 (Mass. App. 1994) — 8:79
Venezia v. Miller Brewing Co., 626 F.2d 188 (1stCir. 1980) — 4:143–44
Ventricelli v. Kinney System Rent A Car, Inc.,383 N.E.2d 1149 (N.Y. 1978) — 6:81–83
Venturelli v. Cincinnati, Inc., 850 F.2d 825 (1stCir. 1988) — 8:121
Verb v. Motorola, Inc., 672 N.E.2d 1287 (Ill.App. 1996) — 7:108
Verba v. Ghaphery, 552 S.E.2d 406 (W.Va.2001) — 12:346
Verge v. Ford Motor Co., 581 F.2d 384 (3rd Cir.1978) — 4:246–48
Vergott v. Deseret Pharmaceutical Co., 463 F.2d12 (5th Cir.1972) 4:69
Vermeer Carolina’s, Inc. v. Wood/Chuck Chip-per Corp., 518 S.E.2d 301 (S.C. 1999) —9:102–03, 9:107–08, 9:114
Vermont Plastics, Inc. v. Brine, Inc., 79 F.3d272 (2nd Cir. 1996) — 2:220–21, 7:254
Vermont Plastics, Inc. v. Brine, Inc., 824F.Supp. 444 (D.Vt. 1993) — 7:254
Vezina v. Souliere, 152 A. 798 (Vt. 1931)—2:129Vickery v. Reliable Elec. Co., 703 F.2d 488 (10th
Cir. 1983) — 9:130Victor v. Nebraska, 511 U.S. 1 (1994) — 7:300Vierek v. Fibreboard Corp., 915 P.2d 581
(Wash. App. 1996) — 4:215Village of Chatham v. Board of Fire Comm’rs,
456 N.Y.S.2d 494 (App. Div. 1982) — 3:126Village of El Portal v. City of Miami Shores, 362
So.2d 275 (Fla. 1978) — 9:3, 9:7Villareal v. State, Dept. of Transportation, 774
P.2d 213 (Ariz. 1994) — 7:186Vincer v. Esther Williams All-Alluminum
Swimming Pool Co., 230 N.W.2d 794(Wis. 1975) — 4:134–36
Vineyard v. Empire Machinery Co., Inc., 581P.2d 1152 (Ariz. App. 1978) — 4:270
Vintage Homes, Inc. v. Coldiron, 585 S.W.2d886 (Tex. Civ. App. 1979) — 3:240
Virginia, United States v., 518 U.S. 515(1996) — 12:193
Vlases v. Montgomery Ward & Co., 377 F.2d846 (3rd Cir. 1967) — 3:147, 4:199–201
Volkswagen of America, Inc. v. Marinelli, 628So.2d 378 (Ala. 1993) — 10:409–10
Vossler v. Richards Manufacturing Co., 192 Cal.Rptr. 219 (Cal. App. 1983) — 7:312–14
Vulcan Metals Co. v. Simmons Mfg. Co., 248 F.853 (2d Cir. 1918) — 2:29–31
Vuono v. New York Blood Center, Inc. 696F.Supp. 743 (D.Mass. 1988) — 10:35
W. M. Bashlin v. Smith, 643 S.W.2d 526 (Ark.1982) — 5:79
Wackenhut Applied Technologies Center, Inc. v.Sygnetion Protection Systems, Inc. 979F.2d 980 (4th Cir. 1992) — 12:180
Wagatsuma v. Patch, 879 P.2d 572 (Haw. App.1994) — 8:119
Wagner v. International Harvester Co., 611 F.2d224 (8th Cir. 1979) — 4:236–37
Wagner v. International Ry. Co., 133 N.E. 437(N.Y. 1921) — 5:40–41, 8:67
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Walker v. Clark Equipment Co., 320 N.W.2d561 (Iowa 1982) — 7:79, 7:159–60
Walker v. Mintec/International, 758 F.2d 73(3rd Cir. 1985) — 7:79
Walker v. Rinck, 604 N.E.2d 591 (Ind. 1992) —5:61
Walker v. Saurinet, 92 U.S. (2 Otto) 90(1876) — 12:147
Walker v. Stauffer Chemical Corp., 96 Cal. Rptr803 (Cal. App. 1971) — 4:251, 4:253
Wallace v. Bounds, 369 S.W.2d 138 (Mo.1963) — 6:167
Wallis v. Pan American Petroleum Corp., 384U.S. 63 (1966) — 5:487
Walls v. Jacob North Printing Co., Inc., 618N.W.2d 282 (Iowa 2000) — 10:196–97
Walsh v. Ford Motor Co., 298 N.Y.S.2d 538(N.Y. Sup. 1969) — 8:31
Walton v. Avco Corp., 610 A.2d 454 (Pa.1992) — 9:112
Walton v. Springwood Products, Inc., 663N.E.2d 1365 (Ohio App. 1995) — 5:269
Walus v. Pfizer, Inc., 812 F.Supp. 41(D.N.J.1993) — 7:108
Wankier v. Crown Equipment Corp., 353 F.3d862 (10th Cir. 2003) — 4:170
Wardlow v. City of Keokuk, 190 N.W.2d 439(Iowa 1971) — 7:179
Warfel v. Cheney, 758 P.2d 1326 (Ariz. App.1988) — 8:188, 8:190
Warfle v. Owens-Illinois, Inc., No. A-5263-97T3(N.J. Sup. Ct. App. Div., July 1, 1999) —10:434
Warren v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. of Chicago,519 N.E.2d 1197 (Ill. App. 1988) —10:134
Washington v. Department of Transp., 8 F.3d296 (5th Cir. 1993) — 10:145
Washington Water Power Co. v. Graybar Elec.Co., 774 P.2d 1199 (Wash. 1987) — 7:220
Wasylow v. Glock Inc., 975 F.Supp. 370(D.Mass. 1996) — 3:135, 4:180
Water Works & Indus. Supply Co. v. Wilburn,437 S.W.2d 951 (Ky. App. 1968) —3:204–05
Waters v. Markham, 235 N.W. 797 (Wis.1934) — 5:145
Watkins v. Jacobs Pharmacy Co., 171 S.E. 830(Ga. App. 1933) — 11:170–71
Watkins v. Toro Co., 901 S.W.2d 917 (Mo. App.1995) — 2:182, 4:222
Watson v. Navistar International Transp. Corp.,827 P.2d 656 (Idaho 1992) — 8:2
Watters v. Pelican International, Inc., 706F.Supp. 1452 (D.Colo. 1989) — 9:90
Watters v. TSR, Inc., 904 F.2d 378 (6th Cir.1990) — 4:428
Weaver v. Chrysler Corp., 172 F.R.D. 96(S.D.N.Y.1997) — 7:108
Weber v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., 406 U.S.164 (1972) — 12:173
Weber v. Armco, 663 P.2d 1221 (Okla. 1983) —5:297
Weise v. Keystone Mack Sales, 456 A.2d 1009(Pa. Super. 1983) — 3:90
Weissich v. County of Marin, 274 Cal. Rptr. 342(Cal. App. 1990) — 2:173
Weller v. Mack Trucks, Inc., 570 N.E.2d 1341(Ind. App. 1991) — 4:203
Wells v. Clowers Construction Co., 476 So.2d105 (Ala. 1985) — 4:414
Wells v. Ford Motor Co., 2001 WL 1262223(D.Md. 2001) — 4:152
Wennerholm v. Stanford University School ofMedicine, 128 P.2d 552 (Cal. 1942) — 2:83
Wentz v. Deseth, 221 N.W.2d 101 (N.D.1974) — 8:132
Werner v. Pfleiderer Corp., 697 F.Supp. 808(D.N.J. 1988) — 3:19
Werner v. Upjohn Co., Inc., 628 F.2d 848 (4thCir. 1980) — 10:102
Werth v. Makita Elec. Works, Ltd., 950 F.2d 643(10th Cir. 1991) — 10:381, 10:385
Werwinski v. Ford Motor Co., 286 F.3d 661(3rd Cir. 2002) — 7:272–75, 7:281–82
West v. Caterpilar Tractor Co., 336 So.2d 80(Fla. 1976) — 3:36
West v. Searle & Co., 806 S.W.2d 608 (Ark.1991) — 11:93
Westerman v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 557 F.2d873 (5th Cir. 1978) — 8:79
Westlye v. Look Sports, Inc., 22 Cal. Rptr. 2d 781(Cal. App. 1993)—8:4, 8:9–14, 8:18–23
Westric Battery Co. v. Standard Electric Co.,Inc., 482 F.2d 1307 (10th Cir. 1973) —2:271
Wheat v. Sofamor, S.N.C., 46 F.Supp.2d 1351(N.D.Ga. 1999) — 4:152, 11:76
Wheeler v. Andrew Jergens Co., 696 S.W.2d 326(Ky. App. 1985) — 10:170
Wheeler v. John Deere Co., 935 F.2d 1090 (10thCir. 1991) — 5:174, 10:405–06
Whetham v. Bismarck Hospital, 197 N.W.2d678 (N.D. 1972) — 7:143–44
Whitaker v. Farmhand, Inc., 567 P.2d 916(Mont. 1977) — 8:17, 8:180
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White Construction Co. v. Dupont, 439 So.2d915 (Fla. App. 1983) — 7:184
White v. ABCO Engineering Corp., 221 F.3d293 (2nd Cir.2000) — 12:142
White v. Celotex Corp., 907 F.2d 104 (9thCir.1990) — 10:333
White v. Wyeth Laboratories, Inc., 533 N.E.2d748 (Ohio 1989) — 11:52
Whitehead v. American Motors Sales Corp., 801P.2d 920 (Utah 1990) — 8:198
Whitehead v. Toyota Motor Corp., 897 S.E.2d684 (Tenn. 1995) — 8:153
Whitney v. Cubberly, 210 S.E.2d 289 (N.C.App.1974) — 11:120
Whittington v. Eli Lilly & Co., 333 F.Supp. 98(D.W.Va. 1971) — 3:55–57
Wiegand v. Walser Automotive Groups, Inc.,670 N.W.2d 449 (Minn. App. 2003) —2:112
Wiggs v. City of Phoenix, 10 P.3d 625 (Ariz.2000) — 12:76
Wilkinson v. Bayshore Lumber Co., 227 Cal.Rptr. 327 (Cal. App. 1986)—11:224, 11:228
Willard v. Park Industries, Inc., 69 F.Supp.2d268 (D.N.H. 1999) — 10:419
Williams v. A-Treat Bottling Co., Inc., 551 A.2d297 (Pa. Super. 1988) — 10:15
Williams v. Baker, 572 A.2d 1062 (D.C.1990) — 7:139, 7:141
Williams v. Beechnut Nutrition Corp., 229 Cal.Rptr. 605 (1986) — 4:141–42
Williams v. Braum Ice Cream Stores, Inc., 534P.2d 700 (Okla. App. 1974) — 11:8
Williams v. Bright, 658 N.Y.S.2d 910 (App. Div.1997) — 8:174–78
Williams v. Brown Manufacturing Co., 261N.E.2d 305 (Ill. 1970) — 8:59–60
Williams v. Dow Chemical Co., 255 F.Supp. 2d219 (S.D.N.Y. 2003) — 2:65
Williams v. KOPCO, Inc., 1998 WL 159516(D.Kan. 1998) — 10:74
Williams v. Monarch Machine Tool Co., Inc.,26 F.3d 228 (1st Cir. 1994) — 5:106
Williams v. O’Brien, 669 A.2d 810 (N.H.1995) — 2:164
Williams v. Philip Morris Inc., 48 P.3d 824 (Or.App. 2002) — 2:52–53
Williams v. Pro-Tec, Inc., 908 F.2d 345 (8th Cir.1990) — 10:384
Williams v. Rank & Son Buick, Inc., 170N.W.2d 807 (Wis. 1969) — 2:102–03
Williams v. RCA Corp., 376 N.E.2d 37 (Ill. App.1978) — 6:100–02
Williams v. State, 707 S.W.2d 40 (Tex. Crim.App. 1986) — 12:337
Williams v. Tulsa Motels, 958 P.2d 1282 (Okla.1998) — 2:164
Williams v. Wilson, 972 S.W.2d 260 (Ky.1998) — 12:277
Williamson v. Smith, 491 P.2d 1147 (N.M.1971) — 8:132
Willis v. Mullett, 561 S.E.2d 705 (Va. 2002) —12:314
Wilson v. Dover Skating Center, Ltd., 566 A.2d1020 (Del. Super. 1994) — 4:36
Wilson v. Good Humor Corp., 757 F.2d 1293(D.C.Cir. 1985) — 1:28
Wilson v. Gordon, 354 A.2d 398 (Me. 1976) —8:132
Wilson v. Piper Aircraft Corp., 577 P.2d 1322(Or. 1978) — 1:133, 11:32
Wilson v. State Farm Fire and Casualty Ins. Co.,654 So.2d 385 (La. App. 1995) — 12:127
Wilson v. U.S. Elevator Corp., 972 P.2d 235(Ariz. App. 1998) — 5:106
Wimberly v. Derby Cycle Corp., 65 Cal. Rptr.2d 532 (Cal. App. 1997) — 12:76
Winburn v. Insurance Co. of North America,339 S.E.2d 142 (S.C. App. 1985) — 2:176
Windham v. Wyeth Laboratories, Inc., 786F.Supp. 607 (S.D.Miss. 1992) — 10:166
Wingad v. John Deere & Co., 523 N.W.2d 274(Wis. App. 1994) — 7:73
Wingett v. Teledyne Industries, Inc., 479 N.E.2d51 (Ind. 1985) — 4:104
Winnett v. Winnett, 310 N.E.2d 1 (Ill. 1974) —5:24–27, 5:56
Winston Bros. Co. v. United States, 371 F.Supp.130 (D.Minn. 1973) — 5:437
Winter v. G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 938 F.2d 1033(9th Cir. 1991) — 4:420–22
Winterbottom v. Wright, 10 M. & W. 109, 152Eng. Rep. 402 (1842) — 5:122–24
Wittkamp v. United States, 343 F.Supp. 1075(E.D.Mich. 1972) — 5:436, 5:438,5:470–71
Wolfe v. Dal-Tile Corp., 876 F.Supp. 116(S.D.Miss. 1995) — 4:413
Wolfe v. Ford Motor Co., 376 N.E.2d 143(Mass. App. 1978) — 10:153
Wood v. Bass Pro Shops, Inc., 462 S.E.2d 101(Va. 1995) — 8:80–81
Wood v. United States, 961 F.2d 195 (Fed. Cir.1992) — 5:434
Wood v. University of Utah Medical Center, 67P.3d 436 (Utah 2002) — 12:226
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Wood v. Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Div. ofAmerican Home Products, 82 S.W.3d 849(Ky. 2002) — 7:138
Woodbury v. United States, 192 F.Supp. 924(D.Ore. 1961) — 5:428
Wooderson v. Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp., 681P.2d 1038 (Kan. 1984) — 10:153
Woodhill v. Parke Davis & Co., 374 N.E.2d 683(Ill. App. 1978) — 7:80
Woods v. Cole, 693 N.E.2d 333 (Ill. 1998) —10:209, 10:210–11
Woods v. Holy Cross Hospital, 591 F.2d 1164(5th Cir. 1979) — 12:194
Woodward v. Dietrich, 548 A.2d 301 (Pa. Super.1988) — 2:60–61
Worldwide Equipment Inc. v. Mullins, 11S.W.3d 50 (Ky. App. 1999) — 4:338
Wright v. Brooke Group Ltd., 114 F.Supp.2d797 (N.D.Iowa 2000) — 10:194–95
Wright v. Brooke Group, Ltd., 652 N.W.2d 159(Iowa 2002) — 2:21–22, 2:54–56, 4:170,4:299, 5:78
Wright v. Carter Products, Inc., 244 F.2d 53(2nd Cir. 1957) — 5:254–55
Wright v. Central Du Page Hospital Ass’n, 347N.E.2d 736 (Ill. 1976) — 12:255, 12:325
Wright v. Colleton County Sch. Dist., 391S.E.2d 564 (S.C. 1991) — 12:214, 12:305
Wright v. St. Mary’s Medical Center ofEvanston, Inc., 59 F.Supp.2d 794 (S.D.Ind.1999) — 7:21
Wycko v. Gnodtke, 105 N.W.2d 439 (Mich.1960) — 7:179
Y.H. Investments, Inc. v. Godales, 690 So.2d1273 (Fla. 1997) — 12:100
Yarrow v. Sterling Drug, Inc., 263 F.Supp. 159(D.S.D. 1967) — 5:83–84
Yasuda Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. Lake ShoreElec. Co., 744 F.Supp. 864 (S.D.Ind.1990) — 7:248
Ybarra v. Spangard, 154 P.2d 687 (Cal. 1945) —10:272–74
Yellow Cab Co. of D.C., Inc. v. Dreslin, 181F.2d 626 (D.C. Cir. 1950) — 9:134
Yeroshefsky v. Unisys Corp., 962 F.Supp. 710(D.Md. 1997) — 5:503
Yolles v. Golf Club of Avon, 31 Conn. L. Rptr.587 (Conn. Super. 2002) — 8:184
Yong Cha Hong v. Marriott Corp., 656 F.Supp.445 (D.Md. 1987) — 11:8
Yost v. General Motors Corp., 651 F.Supp. 656(D.N.J.1986) — 2:145
Young v. Key Pharmaceuticals, 922 P.2d 59(Wash. 1996) — 11:48
Young v. Up-Right Scaffolds, Inc., 637 F.2d 810(D.C.Cir. 1980) — 8:93
Yu v. International Business Machines, Corp.,732 N.E.2d 1173 (Ill. App. 2000) — 4:435,7:108
Yuhas v. Mudge, 322 A.2d 824 (N.J. Super. App.Div. 1974) — 4:49
Zaccone v. American Red Cross, 872 F.Supp.457 (N.D.Ohio 1994) — 10:34
Zachary v. Dow Corning Corp., 884 F.Supp.1061 (M.D.La. 1995) — 7:105
Zacher v. Budd Co., 396 N.W.2d 122 (S.D.1986) — 3:41
Zahrte v. Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc., 661 P.2d 17(Mont. 1983) — 8:84
Zanakis-Pico v. Cutter Dodge, Inc., 47 P.3d1222 (Haw. 2002) — 2:222
Zanzuri v. G.D. Searle & Co., 748 F.Supp. 1511(S.D.Fla. 1990) — 11:93
Zebner v. Howard Johnson’s, Inc., 201 So.2d824 (Fla. App. 1967) — 11:8
Zeliff v. Sabatino, 104 A.2d 54 (N.J. 1954) —2:125
Ziegelmann v. Daimler Chrysler Corp., 649N.W.2d 556 (N.D. 2002) — 2:145
Ziglar v. E. I. DuPont De Nemours and Co.,280 S.E.2d 510 (N.C. App. 1981) —4:324
Zimmer v. Versa Products, 2000 WL 1421357(Iowa App. 2000) — 10:407
Zine v. Chrysler Corp., 600 N.W.2d 384 (Mich.App. 1999) — 2:23
Zwiercan v. General Motors Corp., 2002 WL31053838 (Pa. Com. Pl. 2002) — 7:276
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