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1 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
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wl=frka wl=r'''
jpkfhka jpkh'''
mshjfrka mshjr'''
irihg mdr lshk"
wdl oHdf kj l,dj'
Prasad Chinthana B.Sc.(Acc)sp(Ug) CASL- Reading for finalist AAT & IBSL Econ Lecture, Genius School of Professionals, Kurunagela .
Voice: 0717-181835
2 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
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ksIAmdok yelshdj
hfok,o ld,mfcaohla ;=, wdlhla i;= ishu im;a mj;akd ;laIKh hgf;a lhlaIu f,i Wmfhdackh l, g ,nd.; yels ksuejq uguhs'
fuh Nj ksuejqu fyj;a ksIAmdok Od;djh f,i o yeoska f'
^ h fok ,o wjia:djl wdlh i;=j wdlh i;= im;a iNdrh
N=h" Y%uh" m%d.aOKh yd jHjidhl;ajh& f,i mj;akd im;a f;d.h hs'
iy ^fhojq tallhlska ,nd.; yels Wmu ksuejq idOl M,odhs;dj
m%udKh hs'& rgl ksIAmdok yelshdj ;SrKh lrk idOl f'
wdlhl ksIAmdok yelshdj w;alr .ekSu i|yd bgqh hq;= fldkafois'
j;udk ksIamdokhg fhdod .ekSug yelshdj we;s ishu im;a ksIAmdokhg fhdod .ekSu'
ish,qu im;a tajdfha Nj M,odhs;dj ,efnk wdldrhg Nd;d lsu$Wmu lhlaIu f,i Nd;d lsu'
3 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
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ksIAmdok yelshd jl%h (Production Possibility Curve )
h fok,o wjia:djl iudch i;= ishu im;a mj;akd ;laIKh hgf;a Wmu lhlaIu;djhlska Nd;d l, g NdKAv j. follska ksIAmdokh l, yels O ksIAmdok ixfhda. ^l,am ksuejq ug& m%ia:drhlska oelsuhs'
tk mqK fiajd kshqla;sh yd mqK ksIAmdokh hk fldkafois folu bgqjk mos ,nd.; yels ksuejquls'
by; m%ia;drhg igyk wkqj"
ishu im;a lhlaIuj lels ksIAmdokhg fh g lels f.
10la ksmoh yelsh' tag jglald ksmoh fkdyelsh' A ixfhda.fhka oelafjkafka tu ;;a;ajhhs'
ishu im;a lhlaIuj jglald ksIAmdokhg fh g jglald
f. 5la ksmoh yelsh' tag lels ksmoh fkdyelsh' F ixfhda.fhka oelafjkafka tu ;;a;ajhhs'
lels yd jgdlald hk folu ksmoug im;a fho jq g ksmoh
yeks O NdKAv ixfhda. rdYshla oelssh yelsh' B,C,D,E ixfhda.hkaf.k oelafjkafka tu ;;a;ajhhs'
lels ^tll&
jgdlald ^tll &
4 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
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ksIAmdok yelshd jl%hla ksudKfh oS fhdod.kq ,nk Wml,amk'
i,ldn,k ld,h ;=, wdlh i;= im;a iNdrh ia:djr nj'
iudch i;= ksIAmdok idOl iNdrh wod< ld,h ;=, m%udK;aulj yd .=Kd;aulj fjkia fkdjk nj ka woyia f'
wod, ld,h ;=< ;laIKh fkdfjkiaj mj;sk nj'
NdKAv yd fiajd ksIAmdokfha oS fhdod .kakd l%u Ys,am iy oHd;aul yd l
5 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
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A NdKAvh tall 20-30 olajd je lsf oS wdka;sl wdjial msjeh'
leml, ksuejq m%udKh
wdka;sl wdjial msjeh = je jk ksuejq m%udKh
= - 5/10
= - 0.5
- 0'5ka woyia lrkfha" A ksIAmdokokh ^1& je lsugk B
ksIAmdokfhka tll hq;= njhss'
B NdKavh tall 10- 15 olajd je lsf oS wdka;sl wdjial msjeh" leml, ksuejq m%udKh
wdka;sl wdjial msjeh = je jk ksuejq m%udKh
= - 10/5
= - 2
-2 woyia lrkqfha" B ksIAmdokokh ^1& je lsugk A
ksIAmdokfhka tll hq;= njhss'
uis,af,ka ks'ye' jl%h foi n,kak
wmsg NdKAv foflu ksIAmdokh tljr je lsug mqjka o @
neye fkao @ wmsg wfma ksIAmdokh je lrkak im;a wms , keye"
t ksid ksIAmdok yelshd udhs jl%h
u; tla NdKAvhl ksIAmdokh jel,
yelsfla wfkla NdKAvfha ksIamdokh
wvq lsfuka muKs'
6 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
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wdka;sl wdjial msjeh u.ska ksIAmdok yelshd jl%fha nejqu ksrEmkh jk nj Tmamq lsu'
fLdjl nEjqu my; mos .Kkh l< yels h'
isria r nEjqu ;sria r by; igyk wkqj"
isria r = 10
;sria r = -5
nEjqu =
= -10$5
= -2
u;l ;shd .kak'
p,Hka m%;sreoao osYdjg fjkia
jk neka ksIAmdok yelshd
jl%fha nEjqu iEu gu iDK
w.hla .kS" thska woyia lrkqfha
ksIAmdok yelshd jl%h u; tla
NdKAvhl ksIAmdokh je lsf
oS iEu gu wfkla NdKAvfhka
ksIAmdokh wvq lsug isjk
njhs'
You Can Do Now A/L 2008
h fok ,o wjia:djl ;uka i;= ishu ksIAmdok im;a Nd;d fldg l=rlalka iy nv b= muKla j.d lrkq ,nk f.dhl=f.a ksIAmdok yelshd my; i|yka j.=f fmkakq lrhs'
l=rlalka ^nqi,a& nvb= ^ nqi,a&
0 10 20 30 40
55 50 42 28 0
oekg l=rlalka nqi,a 20la iy nvb= nqi,a 42la ksIAmdokh lrka isk tu f.dhd ;j;a jemqr l=rlalka nqi,a 10la kaIAmdokh lsug ;SrKh lrkq ,enqjfyd;a tys wdjil msjeh'
' nvb= nqi,a 5 ls' ' nvb= nqi,a 8 ls' 'nvb= nqi,a 14 ls' ' nvb= nqi,a 1'4 ls' ' nvb= nqi,a 28 ls'
7 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
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ksIAmdok yelshd uhs jl%hl yevh fyj;a nEjqu yd wdjial msjeh w;r inkaOh
ksIAmdok yelshd uhs jl%hl yevh ;SrKh jkqfha wdjial msjefha yeisu u;h' ia:djr" jejk yd wvqjk hkqfjka wdka;sl wdjial msjefha iajrEm ;=kls' ta wkqj ksIAmdok yelshd udhs jl% my; iajrEmhkaf.ka hqla; f'
ia:djr wdjial msjeh hgf;a ksIAmdok yelshd udhsu
jefvk wdjial msjeh hgf;a ksIAmdok yelshd udhsu'
wvq jk wdjial msjeh hgf;a ksIAmdok ksIAmdok yelshd udhsu'
ia:djr wdjial msjeh hgf;a
ksIAmdok yelshd udhsu jl%h ir,
fh f'
jefvk wdjial msjeh hgf;a
ksIAmdok yelshd udhsu msg;g
fkrdhEula fmkakq lrk w;r tys
nEjqu ^ wdjial msjeh& l%ufhka by<
k.S' tk ksIamdok yelshd udhs jl%h
uq,hg wj;, iajrEmhla .kS'
Wiia fm< Ih ksfoaYfha fkdue;
8 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
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ia:djr wdjial msjeh
ksIamok yelshd jl%h u; tla NdKavhl ksIAmdokh iudk tall j,ska je lrk g ta fjkqfjka wfkla NdKavfhka lem lsug isjk m%udKh fyj;a wdka;sl wdjial msjeh ia:djrj mej;Su hs'
ia:djr wdjial msjeh hgf;a woskq ,nk ksIAmdok yelshd udhs jl%h
jf isg ol=Kg ^my;g& nEjq jk ir, fLdjls' fuu jl%fha nEjqu iEu
,laIHhl oS u ia:djr w.hla .kS'
X tallhl wdjia:s -
msrsjeh iEu gu Y tall 0'5 ls'
Y tallhl wdjia:s -
msrsjeh iEu gu X tall 2
XX NdKavfha ksIAmdokh je lsfys wdjial msjeh ksIAmdok ixfhda.h
X NdKav ^tall&
Y NdKAv ^tall&
A 0 25
B 10 20
C 20 15
D 30 10
E 40 5
F 50 0
YNdKavfha ksIAmdokh je lsfys wdjial msjeh ksIAmdok ixfhda.h
X NdKav ^tall&
Y NdKAv ^tall&
F 0 50
E 5 40
D 10 30
C 15 20
B 20 10
A 25 0
9 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
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wdjial msjeh ia:djr ug fya;=
im; iucd;sh^mqK wdfoaY& u tk"kEu NdKav folla ksIAmdokh lsu i|yd mj;akd im;a tl yd iudk ldhlaIu;djhlska iy taldld f,i Nd; l< yels u hs' Wod- Y%uh iucd;sh jk g tla Y%lfhl= fjkqfjka fjk;a Y%lfhl= wfoaY l< o" lemlrk ksuejqu fyda wdjial msjeh fjkia fkdf'
ludka; fol w;r ksIAmdok Ys,am l%u tlska tlg iudk u'
u;l ;shd .kak"
ksIAmdokfha wdjial msjeh ia:djr u t;r i;H Wml,amkhla fkdf'
tk ia:djr wdjial mssjeh ;;a;ajhla iEu gu ;d;al fkdf'
jejk wdjial msjeh
ksIAmdok yelshd jl%h u; tla NdKAvhl ksIAmdokh iudk tall j,ska jelrk g ta fjkqfjka wfkla NdKavfhka lemlsug isjk m%udKh fyj;a wdka;sl wdjial msjeh l%ufhka je uhs
XY NdKavfha ksIAmdokh je lsfys wdjial msjeh ksIAmdok ixfhda.h
Y NdKav ^tall&
X NdKAv ^tall&
A 0 5
B 10 4
C 18 3
D 24 2
E 28 1
F 30 0
XX NdKavfha ksIAmdokh je lsfys wdjial msjeh
ksIAmdok ixfhda.h
X NdKav ^tall&
Y NdKAv ^tall&
A 0 30
B 1 28
C 2 24
D 3 18
E 4 10
F 5 0
10 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
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by; j.=j wkqj f.dvk.k ,o ksIAmdok yelshd udhs jl%h my; mos f'
- X NdKAv tallhl wdjial msjeh f' X ksIAmdokh l%ufhka jelrk g tys wdka;sl wdjial msjeh l%ufhka je f'
- YNdKAv tallhl wdjial msjeh f' Y ksIAmdokh l%ufhka jelrk tys wdka;sl wdjial msjeh l%ufhka je f'
You Can Do Now
X iy Y ksmojk wd:lshl wdjial msjeh ia:djrj mj;akd wjia:d ykd .kak' (A/L-2002)
' X iy Y im wdfoaYl f'
' X tallhla ksmou i|yd leml< hq;= Y tall m%udKh fkdfjkiaj mj;S'
' ksIAmdok yelshd udhsu uq,hg W;a;, f'
' NdKAv foflysu iemhqu jl% ;sria ir, fh f'
' NdKav foflysu ksIAmdok msjefhys ia:djr msjeh jeo.;a fldgila f'
- wdfoaYlhla hkq lsish NdKavhla fjkqjg Nd;d l< yels fjk;a NdKavhls' Wod( f;a j,g fldms wdfoaYl f'
- ia:djr msjeh lshkafka lsish NdKAvhla ksIAmdokh lsug hkq;% iq;%" f.dv ke.s,s wdos ia:djr j;al fjkqfjka ork msjeh hs'
11 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
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wdjial msjeh jeug fya;='
ksIAmdok im;a fyda idOl iucd;sh fkdu'
tla idOlhla fjkqjg fjk;a idOlhla mqK jYfhka wdfoAY lsug fkdyels njhs'
O NdKAv yd fiajd ksIAmdokfh oS fhdod .kakd ksIAmdok l%u Ys,am fjkia u' ^ fjk;a ;laIKsl l%u fohla fhdod .eksu&
lsish NdKAvhla ksIamdokh lsu i|yd jvd;a fhd.H im;la" fjk;a NdKAvhla ksIAmdokh lsug t;r fhd.H fkdu'
u;l ;shd .kak"
jejk wdjial msjeh" jvd;a ;d;a;al ;;a;ajhla neka th jejk
wdjial msjeh kS;sh f,i o ykajkq ,ef'
You Can Do Now
01' ia:djr wdjial msjeh ksIAmdok yelshd udhs rEm igykl fmkajkak' ^1998&
02' ksIAmdok yelshd udhsfuys jeo.;a m%dfhda.sl Nd;hla k wdjial msjeh ixl,amh meyeos,s lsu hs' uq,hg wj;, udhs jl%hla wdY%fhka wdjial msjeh bosm;a l< yels wdldrh;a th ueksh yels wdldrh;a meyeos,s lrkak'^1999&
03' uq,hg wj;, jq ksIAmdok yelshd udhs jl%hlska" ksIamdok im;aj, iajNdjh iy wdjial msjeh ms
12 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
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Time for News
oekq wdlh ms
13 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
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ksIAmdok yelshd udhs jl%h fjkia u fyj;a ;eka u'
wms ksIAmdok yelshd udhs jl%h ksudKh lf
14 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
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ksIAmdok yelshd udhsu ol=Kg ;eka ug n,mdk idOl
1' im;a iemhqf isjk jeula
Wod - rgl ck.ykh ld,h;a iu jeju fy;=fjka trfgys Y%u iemhqu iy jHjidhl;a;j iemhqu by< hdu'
- ld,h;a iu rgl m%d.aOk f;d.h je u
2' ;dlaIKsl oshqKqjla
;dlaIKsl oshqKQj ksid ksIAmdokh jvd;a ldhlaIu u ;=
15 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
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ksIamdok yelshd jl%h jug ;eka h yels wjia:d'
is,a hqoaOhla fya;= fldgf.k ludka;Yd,d" uydud." h ud." md, wdos fm!.aOk NdKAv kdY u'
N+lmd" kdhhE" iqkd jHikh" jeks iajdNdl jHjikhla u; iajNdl im;a yd wfkl=;a im;a kdY hdu'
hqoaOhlaa" jix.;hla jeks fya;= u; Y%u n,ldfha fldgila ydks meKsu'
Y%u M,odhs;df wvq ula ;dlaIKsl msysula' wdl mydkshla'
ksIAmdok yelshd udhs jl%h tla wxYhlska muKla ;eka u'
ksIAmdok yelshd udhs jl%hla fjkia jug n,mdk idOl tla ksIamdok wxYhlg muKla n,mkq ,nhsk ksIAmdok yelshd jl%h ;eka fjkqfha tla wxYhlska muKs' fuho ol=Kg fyda jug ;eka ula h yelsh'
ksIAmdok yelshd udhs jl%h tla wxYhlska muKla ol=Kg ;eka u'
im;a iNdrh jeula yd ;laIKsl oshqKqjla isjkafka ljr NdKAv j.hla inkaOfhka o hkak u; ksIAmdok mudj jejk wxYh ;SrKh f'
1' lDIs wxYfha ;laIKsl oshqKqjla
wdl miqneisul b;d W.% ;;ajhka wms
mydkshla jYfhka ykajhs'
ksIAmdok yelshd udhs jl%h lDIs
wxfhka muKla ol=Kg ;eka
we;'
tk ksIAmdok yelshd jl%h P isg P1
olajd ldIs wxYfhka muKla ol=Kg
;ek we;'
16 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
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2' ldl NdKAv ksIAmdokh i|yd fhdod.kq ,nk im;a iNdrfha by< hdula"
ksIAmdok yelshd udhs jl%h tla wxYhlska muKla jug ;eka u'
wod< NdKAv j.h ksmo ug fhdod .kakd im;a wvqula fyda tu wxYfha M,odhS;dj my; jeula ksid tu NdKAvh oelafjk wlaIfhka muKla ksIamdok yelshd jl%h jug ;eka h yelsh'
1' mdfNda.sl NdKAv ksIamdok wxYfha Y%u M,odhs;dj wvq ula'
ksIAmdok yelshd udhs jl%h ldl
wxfhka muKla ol=Kg ;eka
we;'
tk ksIAmdok yelshd jl%h P isg P1
olajd ldl wxYfhka muKla
ol=Kg ;ek we;'
ksIamdok yelshd udhsu PP isg
P1 olajd m%d.aOk NdKAvh
oelafjka wxYfhka muKla jug
;eka we;'
17 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
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2' m%d.aOk ksIAmdok wxYfha ;laIKsl msysula'
You Can Do Now
01' ksIAmdok yelh jl%h ol=Kg ;eka l< yels idOl folla i|yka lrkak (A/L 1997)
02' my; oelafjk ;;a;ajhka ksIAmdok yelshd udhs rEm igykaj, fmkajkak' (A/L 1998)
- wdfhdackh jeula ksid ksIAmdok jOkhla - ium;a Wmfhdckh jeula ksid ksIAmdokh jeula
03' X yd Y k jq NdKav j. folla muKla ksmeofjk ir, wdlhl ksIAmdok yelshd
udhsu flfrys my; oelafjk is n,mdkafka flfia o @ (A/L2000)
' ludka;h kj ;dlaIKh fhdod .kS
' wdlhlg foaY wdfhdack .,d tau je f'
' llrejka mqyqKq lsu ksid Y ludka;fha Y%u M,odhs;dj by< hhs'
' is,a hqoaOhla ksid wdl h;, myiql j,g ydks meKsu
' wdl mydkshla ksid cd;sl ksIamdokh my, jef'
M,odhs;dj hkq fhojqula i;= ksuejq yslsf yelshdj fyj;a ksIaomdk Yla;shhs' tk fhojqlg ,nd .; yels ksuejqu m%udKh hs'
18 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
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ksIAmdok yelshd jl%fha m%fhdack
ksIAmdok yelshd jl%hlska iqlaIu fukau idj wdl ixl,am lsysmhlau ksrEmKh l< yelsh' f hgf;a oelah yels wdl ixl,am jkqfha"
1' yslu m%Yakh wdY%s; ixl,am ksrEmKh lsu'
wdl oHdf flakash m%Yakh jk yslu m%Yakh wYs%; ixl,am ksIAmdok yelshd udhs jl%h yryd ksrEmKh l< yels neka ksIAmdo yelshd jl%h b;d m%n, YAf,aIK WmlrKhla f,i yeoskaf'
2' wdl lhidOkh ksrEmKh lsu'
3' wfkl=;a wdl p,Hhka ksrEmKh lsu'
by; ixl,am ksIAmdok yelshd jl%hla yryd ksrEmKh l< yels wldr lsysmhls'
ksIAmdok yelshd jl%hg msg;ska fyj;a ol=K;ska msys ,laIHhlska ksIAmdok yelshd udhsu u; ,laIHhlska fyda ,laIH j,ska ksIAmdok yelshd jl%hg we;=,;ska fyj;a j miska msys ,laIHhlska
19 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
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yslu ixl,amh ksIAmdok yelshd jl%hlska ksrEmKh lsu'
h fok,o wjia:djl wis; ksia jqjukdjkag ifmalaIj im;a m%udKh iS; u yslu k f' mj;akd im;a iNdrh hgf;a ,dh yels Wmu ksIAmdok ixfhda. ksIAmdok yelshd jl%hg iSud f'
tneka ksIAmdok yelshd jl%fhka msg; fyj;a ol=Kska we;s ,lIHhlska fmkakq flfrk NdKAv ixfhda.hla mj;akd im;a iNdrh yd ;laIKh hgf;a wdlhg w;am;alr .; fkdyelsh'
tuksid ksIAmdok yelshd jl%hg msg;ska w|skq ,nk w;alr.; fkdyels NdKAv ixfhda.hla u.ska oelafjk ,lIHhlska yslu ksrEmKh lrhs'
,laIh u.ska oelafjk NdKAv ixfhda.hla ,d lr .ekSug wd:Slhg jqjukd jqjo" mj;akd im;a iS; u ksid th isl, fkdyelsh
You Can Do Now
1' ksIAmdok yelshd uhs jl%h yslu fmkakq lrkafka flfia o@ Tf ms
20 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
Au
gu
st
13
, 2
01
4
f;au hk ixl,amh ksrEmKh lsu
im;a ysu yd tu im;aj, l,am Nd;hka mj;sk neka tu im;a Nd;d lr" ksmojkafka l=ula o@ hkak ;SrKh lsu f;au f,i ykaj hs'
by; ksIamdok yelshd udhs
u; jq A,B,C l,am ksIAmdok NdKav ixfhda. w;=frka tla ,laIhla muKla f;dard .eksug is f'
You Can Do Now A/L 1997
01'ksIamdok yelshd udhsul lsish ,laIHhlska l=ula oela o@
- wdlhla ;=< mj;akd ishu im;a mj;akd ;dlaIKh hgf;a Wmu ldhlaIu;djhlska n;d l, g NdKAv j. follska ksmoh yels l,am ksIAmdok ixfhda. w;=ka tla ixfhda.hls'
02' ksIamdok yelshd udhsul yevh fyj;a nEjqu l=uk lreKq u.ska ;SrKh f o @
- ksIAmdok yelshd udhsul yevhla fyj;a nEjqu ;SrKh jkafka wdjial msjefha yeisu u;h' tk wdjial msjeh ia:djro jefo ySkfo hkak u;h'
- tk wdjial msjeh ia:djr w.hla .kakd g ksIAmdok yelshdj ir, fh f' wdjial msjeh jef k tysos ksIAmdok yelshd udhs jl%fha yevh uq,hg wj;, f' ksIAmdok yelshd udhs jl%h uq,hg W;a;, yevhla .ksk tysos yskjk wdjial msjeh ;;a;ajhla mj;s'
21 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
Au
gu
st
13
, 2
01
4
wdl ldhlaIu;dj ( Economics Efficiency)
iudcfha csj;ajk ksiqkaf.a jqjukd imqrd,Su i|yd wdlfha iS; im;a ldhlaIuj Wmfhdackh lsu wdl ldhlaI;dj hk ixl,amfhka woyia f' wdlhl ldhlaIu;djh i|yd imqrd,sh hq;= fldkafoais fol ls'
1' ksIAmdokfha lhlaIu;dj
2' im;a fnoShdf ldhlaIu;dj
ksIAmdokfha ldhlaI;dj ( Production Efficiency )
lsish im;a m%udKhlska Wmu ksuejqula ,efnk wdldrhg im;a Nd;d lsu fyda lsish ksuejq ugula wju im;a m%udKhlska ,nd .eksu ksIAmdok lhlaIu;djhhs'
ke;fyd;a wju msjehlska NdKAv yd fiajd ksIAmdoh lsuhs'
ksIAmdok lhlaIudj i|yd fldkafoais folla bgqh hq;= h'
1' mqK fiajd kshqla;sh
j;udk ksIAmdokhg fhdod.; yels ishu im;a ksIAmdokhg fhdod .ekSu hs' 2' mqK ksIAmdokh
ishu im;a tajdfha Nj M,odhs;dj ,efnk wdldrhg Nd;d lsu hs'
wdlh mqK fiajd kshqla;sh yd mqK ksIAmdokh w;alr .kska mqK ksIAmdokhla ,nd.kakd g ksIAmdok lhlaI;dj idlaId;a f' fun wjia:djl wdlh yeisfrkqfha ksIAmdok yelshd jl%h u; ,laIHhl f' t neka ksIAmdok yelshd jl%h u; kEu ,laIHhlska fmkakq lrkafka ksIAmdok lhlaIu;dj hs'
u;l ;shd.kak
mqK fiajd kshqla;sh yd mqK
ksIAmdokh w;am;a lr.;a wlhlg
tla NdKAvhl ksIAmdokh jel,
yelsfla ta fjkqfjka wfkla NdKAvfha
ksIAmdokh lemlsfuka muKs'
A,B, C hk kEu
,laIHhlska fmkakq
lrkafka ksIAmdok
lhlaIu;djhhs'
22 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
Au
gu
st
13
, 2
01
4
im;a fnoShdf ldhlaIu;dj (Allocative Efficiency)
im;a foshdf lhlaIu;dj hkq iudchg jvd;a jqjukd lrk ^ leue;a;la olajk& NdKAv yd fiajd ixfhda.h ksmou i|yd ys im;a Nd;d l, hq;= njhs'
iEu NdKavhlau wdka;sl msjeh ta ta NdKavfha ,g iudk jk g
( Mc = P) im;a fnoShdf ldhlaIu;dj ;yqre f'
ksIAmdok yelshd udhsu u; m%Yia; NdKav ixfhda.h f;dard .ekSu u.ska wdl ldhlaIu;dj ksIAmdok yelshd jl%h u.ska ksrEmKh l< yel'
ksIAmdok yelshd jl%fha kEu
,laIHhl ksIamdokfha
ldhlaIu;dj ;yjqre jqjo"
im;a fnoShdf ldhlIu;dj
bgq jkafka ta w;=ka tla
,laIHhloS muKs' tk
ksIamdok yelshd udhsu u;
msys B ,laIfhka muKs' fuh
iudchSh we.hsu yd wNsu;h
u; ;SrKh jqj ls'
23 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
Au
gu
st
13
, 2
01
4
You Can Do Now A/L 2008
01' wdl im;a Nd;h ldhlaIu u i|yd imqrd,sh hq;= fldkafoais ljf o@
- wdl im;a Nd;h ldhlaIu u i|yd imqrd,sh hq;= fldkafoais fol ls' ' ksIAmdok lhlaIu;dj w;am;a lr .eksu' 2' im;a fnod fjkalsf lhlaIu;dj w;alr .eksu
- ksIAmdok ldhlaIu;dj ksIAmdok lhlaIu;dj hkqfjka woyia lrkafka lsish fhojqulaks Wmu ksuejq m%udKhla ,nd .eksu fyda lsish ksuejq uula wju fhojq m%udKhlska ,nd .ekSuhs' tn ;;a;ajhla mj;sk g fjk;a NdKAvhl ksuejqu wvq fkdlg ;j;a Ndkavhl ksuejqu jel, yels fkdf'ka woyia lrkafka wdlh ksIAmdok yelshd jl%h u; lghq;= lrk njh'
- im;a fnod fjkalsf ldhlaIu;dj im;a fnod fjkalsf lhlaIu;dj hkafkka woyia lrkafka iudchg jvd;a jqjukd lrk ^jrKh lrk& NdKAv yd fiajd ksIAmdokh lsug ys im;a fnod fjkal< hq;= njhsz
- iEu NdKAvhlu wdka;sl msjeh ta ta NdKavfha ,g iudk jk g (Mc=P) im;a fnod fjka lsf ldhlaIu;dj ;yqre f'
Past perpas hits
je jYfhka
wjOdkh fhduqlr
we;'
24 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
Au
gu
st
13
, 2
01
4
ksIamdok yelshd jl%fhka we;=
25 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
Au
gu
st
13
, 2
01
4
im;a Nd;h wldhlaIu u
Wod(-
- l
26 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
Au
gu
st
13
, 2
01
4
wdl jDoa l%shdj,sh
ksIAmdok yelshdj fyj;a Nj ksuejqf wLKAv by< hdula wdl jOkh k f'
fuysoS ksIAmdok yelshd udhs jl%h ld,h;a iu wLKavj ol=Kg ;eka f' ld,h;a iu rf im;a iNdrh fyda ;laIKh fyda ta folu fyda by< hdu ;=
27 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
Au
gu
st
13
, 2
01
4
wiu;=,s; wdl jDoah
wdl jOk m%udKh uek ne,Su
- ksIamdok yelshd udhsu ol=Kg ;eka jq m%udKh m%;sY;hla f,i uek oelau ;=
28 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
Au
gu
st
13
, 2
01
4
wdl miqneiSu yd wdl wjmd;h
wdl miqneiSu
lsish rgl uq; ksIAmdokh" fiajd kshqla;sh yd wdodh ugu udi lsysmhlg jvd je ld,hla ;siafia my; jefgka mj;akd ;;a;ajhls'
ke;fyd;a
lsish rgl uq; o< foaYSh ksIAmdos;h wLKav j ld;= follg jvd je ld,hla my< jefgka mj;sk ;;a;ajhla wdl miqneiSula f,i ykd .ks'
lsish wdlhla wdl miqnEisulg uqyqK kag tu wdlh ksIAmdok yelshd jl%h we;=
29 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
Au
gu
st
13
, 2
01
4
wdl wjmd;h ^mydksh&
wdl miqneiaf W;u wjia:dj wdl wjmd;h fyj;a wdl mydksh hs' th os.=ld,sk ixisoah ls' fujeks wjia:djlos m%d.aOk f;d.h ydksh yels fukau ;dlaIKsl miqneisula o ish yelsh' tneka wdlfha ksIAmdok yelshdj wvq f' ksiamdok yelshd jl%h we;=
30 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
Au
gu
st
13
, 2
01
4
wdl indOl fya;=fjka im;a iNdrhg fyda ;dlaIKhg ydkshla is fkd iuia; b,afuys wvqula jqfha k" jl%h we;=
31 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
Au
gu
st
13
, 2
01
4
j;udk f;au iyd wkd.; ksIAmdok yelshdjka
j;udkfha oS wdlfha im;a idfmalaIj je m%udKhla m%d.aOk NdKAv ksIAmdokh i|yd wdfhdackh lrkq ,nqfjdfyd;a wdlfha ksIamdok Od;dj m%idrKh wkd.; Nj ksuejqu Yd, jYfhka jOkhla fmkakq lrkq we;' wkd.; ksIAmdok yelshd jl%h j;udk ksIAmdok yelshd jl%hg jvd Yd, jYfhka ol=Kg ;eka jkq we;'
wks;a w;g" j;udkfha oS m%d.aOk NdKAv i|yd je jYfhka im;a wdfhdackh fkdfldg j;udk mfNdackh i|yd im;a Yd, jYfhka fhdod.kq ,enqjfyd;a tu wdlfha wkd.; ksIamdok yelshdf jOkh b;d iSudiys; m%udKhla jkq we;' wkd.; ksIAmdok yelshd jl%h ol=Kg ;eka jqjfyd;a ;eka jkqfha u| jYfhks'
by; ksIAmdok yelshd udhsug wkqj fros j,ska m%udKhla wmkhkh lr " ;srs. j,ska m%udKhla wdkhkh lsrSfuka fuu wdlhg yelshd udhsfuka
ol=K;ska msys B ,laIH u; mdfNdack ugu mj;ajd .; yel'
32 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
Au
gu
st
13
, 2
01
4
01' Yd, im;a m%udKhla j;udkfha mfNdac.sl NdKav ksIamdokhg fhduqlrk wdlhla'
02' Yd, im;a m%udKhla j;udkfha m%d.aOk NdKav ksIamdokhg fhduqlrk wdlhla'
2014 oS A ,laIHh u; ksIAmdokh flfrk
neka 2020 oS ,d lr.; yelafla iq
wdl jOkhls'
2014 oS A ,laIHh u; ksIAmdokh
flfrk neka 2020 oS by< wdl
jOkhla ,d lr.; yelsh'
by< wdl jDoahla ,.dlr .eksf
wjial msjeh jYfhka judk
mfNdackh lem lsu oelah yelsh'
ta wkqj ys im;a j;udkfha oS
mfNdckh fj;ska wdfhdckhg ;eka
lsfuka wdl jDoah ls%hdj,sh
f.j;a lr.; yelsh'
33 | P a g e P r o d u c t i o n P o s s i b i l i t y C u r v e
wdl oHdf kj l,dj
Au
gu
st
13
, 2
01
4
Note
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