PRODUCTIONLOGISTICS

Information and Communication Systems in Production Logistics Management

Slovak University of TechnologyFaculty of Material Science and Technology in Trnava

Mission of Information and Communication Systems

Information and communication systems collect, save, prepare and communications data.

They are characterized the hierarchy structure with high level of automation by computing and communication technique. They are knitting up together into the network. Their subsystems use common database, it means the information of higher level are obtaining by concentration of data lower level.

They are the support of planning, organizing, management and control of logistics processes.

Time Classification

• Information systems supporting longtime strategic (planning) decision making – they create and optimize the items of logistics chains. They also provide necessary start data setting up decision process.

Time Classification

• Information systems supporting middle time and short time decision making –prepare non - complicated logistics systems operations. They create disposition plans for in-plant transport, for distribution inventories, purchase inputs, import the orders into production, goods dispatch etc.

Time Classification

• Information systems supporting management daily (operative) tasks – deal with execution and management of particular processes in material flow. There is important the speed of information processing and registration the physical situation of the processes without any delay. In the information structure it is the most important information about order transaction, expedition background, inventories status, production operative management, order execution for purchase etc.

Vertical and Horizontal Integration of Information and Communication Systems

Vertical integration – link between strategic and tactic operative systems.

Horizontal integration – link between particular tasks and processes of tactic and operative systems.

Information Source

External background (external information) = suppliers and customers market background in world – wide dimensions.

Internal background (internal information) = background for assurance continuity of production process, planning needs management and control of production and administration processes in territorial dimensions and business bound.

Main Technologies of Coding Systems and Automatic Identification

They exactly identify the products, raw materials, semi-products or final ones assigned to sale or consumption and identification their movements between various points in optional logistics chains.

By physical principle we recognize these:• optical,• radiofrequency,• inductive,• magnetic,• biometric.

Optical Technologies

It uses the light and its reflex which is scanning by sensitized sensors and then decode. There is the most important bar code.

Optical Technologies

System EAN (European Article Numbering) is standardized coding and identification system of consumer, distribution and handling units. Today, it is used to code and identify the service and non documentary change of business information.

EAN Fundamentals

It goes out basic physical principle of light reflex by bright surfaces and its absorption by dark surfaces. Data characteristics are presented just by bright strips, spaces and dark strips which are forming one after another by logical rule.

EAN Fundamentals

The bar code symbol is graphics expression of the identification number of object (good, product, palette) in the format that particular scanner is able to read and its decoder to transfer into the memory medium of relevant mechanism. Now, there are used following codes:EAN8,13, EANITF 14,UCC/EAN 128.

EAN8 and 13

The most known code for goods sold in commercial network. EAN codes the numbers 0-9, each of them by 2 lines and 2 spaces. It can contain 8 (EAN8) or 13 (EAN13) numbers. The first 2-3 numbers always indicate the country of the origin (Slovakia = 858), then next (4-6) define the producer and next ones the particular goods. The final number is check digit and verifies the correctness of decoding.

EAN 128

It allows to code many information about logistics item e. g. delivery number, production date, packing date, food stability, weight, length, width, field, capacity, goods’ recipient etc. Every information has numeric prefix (defined numeric combination), which assigns dead the kind of data. The code 128 can code 102 signs in all. Every sign is representing by 3 lines and 3 spaces.

New generation of double dimensional bar code (PDF 417)

It is the code with high information capacity and ability of the errors detection and correction. Every coded world is composed of 4 lines and 4 spaces wide minimum one and maximum 6 modules. There are always 17 modules strictly in the world. We can code not only common text and also graphics or special programming instructions in such kind of code. It uses in identification cards, driving licenses, patients ‘ diagnosis etc.

The Utilization of Bar Code in Production

= regulation of production flow, numbers of made products, staff registration made the production operation, automatic material delivery, identification of particular palette with goods or carried our services etc.

The Utilization of Bar Code in Production

Bar code advantages:• Correctness (comparing the manual data import),• Velocity,• Flexibility (all purpose broad utilization in many

extreme and climatic conditions),• Productivity and efficiency (retrenchment in

warehousing, optimal utilization the stock area, improvement of in-house handling, delivery system etc.)

OCR Technologies – Optical Character Recognition

It recognizes writing or printed texts or pictures which scanner or CCD camera transform into the digital form remaining until whole next running.

OCR Technologies – Optical Character Recognition

The technology MICR-Magnetic Ink Character Recognition is also part of this technology. The spirit is recognition the script or sign applying the magnetic ink. It is used in banking system and financial institutions selecting and transferring data into the system.

Radiofrequency and induction technologies

This kind of technology uses radio signal which invokes the reaction from special designed tag in form of radio message. The system contains 3 components:

• Identification tag (passive or active),• Scanner,• Antenna.

Radiofrequency and induction technologies

Identification tag consists of receiver or transmission antenna, discrete components and integrated chip. The passive tag actives the scanner which transmit in particular frequency impulse or non modular radiofrequency signal by antenna. The tag responds using small amount of energy form accepted signal and charges the chip. It sends off the code back into the scanner by modulated radiofrequency signal. Active tag can receive, save and transmit the data. These systems do not have and application limits because they do not require direct tag and scanning antenna visibility.

Radiofrequency and induction technologies

Utilization (e. g. RFID) : recording the identification of transit vehicles, checkout and registration of staff entrance and movement, identification of palettes and containers and their content, the movement of transport vehicles in production and in stocks, the protection of instruments and other devices against stealing etc.

Magnetic Technologies

The holder of magnetic codes is magnetic stripe. It is covered by micro permanent magnets situated in such distance not to impact each other. Code recording is carried out by combination magnet formation representing logical 1 or 0. The formation is sweeping by magnet impact of coding machine in consequence of this will occur the change of setting position – one magnet is pulling and other is releasing.Utilization: retail trade, traveling, banking system, financial services, health service, telecommunications.

Memory Card

Chip cards are differ the cards with magnetic stripe by volume of saved information and also by processor which allows to read the saved information or to read and to delete them gradually or to read saved information and to write new one (smart card) into the free memory.

Utilization: banking system, financial services, transport, health service etc.

Biometric Technologies

They use some digitized physiological features (fingerprint, shape, size or fingers’ length, voice etc.) for identification.Utilization: entrance safety and monitoring into the buildings, in production logistic – in quality control laboratory, health laboratories etc.