Production and Marketing of Rice Seed and Institutional Constraints for Quality

Seed Distribution in Odisha

Dr Debdutt Behura

Department of Agribusiness Management Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology,

Bhubaneswar

Trend in area, production, yield and area under HYV rice in Odisha

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Potential of Improved Seed • Intensive agriculture requires optimum levels of inputs

• Seed is the most important input, which determines the performance potential of a variety

• Improved high yielding varieties and high quality seeds help increase productivity

• Value added traits help reduction in losses due to pest & disease attacks and increases profitability

• Application of pesticides, nutrients, bioregulants etc. through seed treatments are more effective , precise and environment - friendly

• Production of commercial seed generates employment opportunities in rural areas

Why Focus on Quality Seed?

• Use of quality seed alone can increase productivity by 15 – 20 %

• In spite of more than 40 years of systematic progress made in the seed sector, there are significant gaps between the requirement and availability of quality rice seeds

• Huge inherent demand for quality rice seeds at affordable price

Objectives

• To study the seed replacement rate of rice in Odisha • To study the growth of rice seed production through

different sources in the state. • To analyze the dynamics of varietal turnover • To study the distribution and supply of rice seeds in Odisha

over the years. • To study the contribution of different seed producing and

marketing agencies in production and distribution of rice seeds in the state.

• To analyze the constraints in availability of quality rice seeds at the farm front

• To analyze the prospect of rice seed trade between Odisha and Bangladesh

Seed Replacement Rate (SRR)% of Rice in Orissa

Year Kharif Rabi Total

2000-01 8.50 3.75 8.28

2001-02 9.18 13.53 9.44

2002-03 5.25 8.40 5.39

2003-04 5.13 9.37 5.37

2004-05 4.66 5.63 4.73

2005-06 5.81 7.87 5.96

2006-07 5.87 14.16 6.40

2007-08 7.81 16.2 8.44

2008-09 14.13 24.84 15.05

2009-10 18.33 26.56 18.83

2010-11 19.99 29.37 20.64

2011-12 21.54 23.37 21.65

Seed Replacement Rate of Rice in Odisha by Districts during 2001-02, 2005-06 and 2011-12

Districts 2001-02 2005-06 2011-12

Kharif Summer Total Kharif Summer Total Kharif Summer Total

Balasore 3.43 14.40 4.24 2.72 8.99 3.52 14.78 65.30 19.86

Bhadrak 3.26 19.47 3.84 2.23 4.92 2.39 13.82 11.96 13.76

Bolangir 11.36 2.48 11.29 4.30 4.06 4.30 26.03 35.21 26.26

Sonepur 9.03 16.88 10.68 6.40 3.59 5.92 25.29 10.16 21.76

Cuttack 5.45 30.14 6.37 4.31 23.12 4.92 13.12 19.72 13.32

Jagatsinghpur 12.46 73.47 13.89 4.54 50.69 5.10 13.77 100.00 15.42

Jajpur 12.26, 45.18 13.07 2.78 15.87 2.92 7.73 67.45 8.43

Kendrapara 7.03 17.83 7.65 2.34 5.27 2.41 8.88 47.77 9.68

Dhenkanal 12.55 45.97 13.27 4.29 1.13 4.21 12.58 73.56 13.24

Angul 11.79 26.19 12.01 5.15 7.24 5.21 16.21 0 16.06

Ganjam 12.93 0.00 12.89 6.60 2.65 6.59 33.73 100.00 33.78

Gajapati 21.41 0.00 21.22 10.84 0.00 10.75 50.00 0 49.51

Kalahandi 11.48 2.45 10.30 7.98 3.82 7.25 39.22 17.81 38.01

Nuapada 12.52 1.00 12.17 7.60 6.51 7.56 35.53 53.61 36.18

Districts 2001-02 2005-06 2011-12

Kharif Summer Total Kharif Summer Total Kharif Summer Total

Keonjhar 7.98 1.74 7.89 5.32 3.68 5.30 14.99 35.06 15.20

Koraput 5.77 33.11 10.18 7.26 8.69 7.44 34.09 33.97 34.07

Malkangiri 12.13 58.33 12.14 8.19 0.00 8.19 20.05 30.28 20.07

Nabarangpur 7.39 14.80 7.44 7.92 1.95 7.88 22.26 40.48 22.28

Rayagada 11.76 25.00 12.17 14.18 1.83 13.08 26.26 9.30 25.93

Mayurbhanj 4.30 0.26 4.25 2.81 0.00 2.75 9.98 7.87 9.95

Kandhamal 5.29 0.00 5.24 1.69 0.00 1.67 8.96 0 8.84

Boudh 5.40 0.00 5.39 3.08 0.00 3.04 18.61 56.96 19.08

Puri 11.06 11.33 11.13 5.19 8.67 6.30 20.51 20.21 20.45

Khurda 7.97 41.33 9.50 3.14 28.79 4.85 14.20 100.00 15.32

Nayagarh 5.61 20.43 5.73 0.94 0.00 0.93 9.81 30.00 9.82

Sambalpur 19.10 22.00 19.38 14.85 16.96 15.11 30.38 24.81 29.65

Bargarh 12.49 2.86 10.54 9.01 7.38 8.68 30.11 11.34 25.77

Deogarh 7.03 4.65 6.88 4.75 0.00 4.51 15.56 0 15.54

Jharsuguda 7.77 12.63 7.82 4.52 0.00 4.45 29.04 0 28.55

Sundergarh 8.33 7.69 8.32 5.17 0.00 5.14 16.55 10.31 16.50

Odisha 9.18 13.53 9.44 5.81 7.87 5.96 21.54 23.37 21.65

Spatial variability in HYV adoption during 2011-12 in Odisha

Note: The horizontal line is the state-level value

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Area certified under rice seed production in Odisha (Ha)

Year Kharif Rabi Total

2001-02 11269.903 1825.24 13095.143

2002-03 7433.46 908.55 8342.01

2003-04 9151.006 1195.7 10346.706

2004-05 8567.92 1375.18 9943.1

2005-06 8575.798 1542.14 10117.938

2006-07 8778.76 2446.75 11225.51

2007-08 11884.31 6920.2 18804.51

2008-09 18954.76 5064.04 24018.8

2009-10 21783.82 4743 26526.82

2010-11 21370.515 6366.15 27736.665

2011-12 23442.67 4186.22 27628.89

2012-13 26081.73 5743.69 31825.42

Seed area registered during Kharif, 2013 by agency

Agency Area registered Share OSSC 13768.79 35.5

NFSM 9344.8 24.1

Private 8447.91 21.8

SVS 2272.45 5.9

BGREI 2148.6 5.5

OAIC 1208.6 3.1

GOVT. 867.69 2.2

OUAT 254.6 0.7

GOI 227 0.6

NSC 174.4 0.4

SQSPP 30 0.1

CRRI 11.648 0.0

Total 38756.49 100.0

Rice seed area certified by OSCOPCA under different sources during kharif 2001-02 to 2012-13

Source

Class

2001-02 2005-06 2008-09 2010-11 2012-13

Total area

certified(ha) Total area

certified (ha)

Total area

certified (ha)

Total area

certified (ha)

Total area

certified (ha)

Dept. Farms

FS 413 122 412 401 704

CS 551 726 469 378 95

Total 964 848 881 779 799

O.S.S.C.

LTD.

FS 141 90 175 170 127

CS 8979 5886 12506 13375 12434

Total 9120 5976 12682

13545

12561

O.U.A.T. FS 142 240 268 177 248

CS 92 15 9 53 -

Total 234 255 277

230

248

PRIVATE

FS 130.1 280 427 513 652

CS 804 1160 2599 4938 4321

Total 934.1 1440 3026 5451 4973

N.S.C

FS 1 6 4 10

CS 52 575 837 27

Total 53 581 841 37

Source

Class

2001-02 2005-06 2008-09 2010-11 2012-13

Total area

certified(ha) Total area

certified (ha)

Total area

certified (ha)

Total area

certified (ha)

Total area

certified (ha)

SVS FS 0 0 673

CS 1492 503 3

Total 1492 503 676

OAIC FS 40

CS 95

Total 135 NFSM FS 167

CS 6662

Total 6829

BGREI FS -

CS 83

Total 83

NGO FS -

CS 28

Total 28

Total from all

sources

FS 830 734 1289 1284 2621

CS 10440 7842 17666 30423 23747

Total 11270 8576 18955 31707 26368

Trend in area under Certified Seeds and quantity Certified

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Percentage share of each seed source in certification of total quantity of Foundation rice seeds in Odisha(Kharif)

2001-02 2005-06 2008-09 2010-11 2012-13

Dept. Farms 46 16 31 25 22

O.S.S.C. LTD. 11 12 12 12 5

O.U.A.T. 22 37 14 12 8

PRIVATE 21 35 43 51 30

N.S.C 0.2 0.1 0.5

SVS 33

OAIC 2

NFSM 0.03

BGREI 0

NGO 0

Total (tons) 2036 1857 3136 3297 7727 0

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80

100

2001-02 2005-06 2008-09 2010-11 2012-13

Shar

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%)

Foundation seeds NGO

BGREI

NFSM

OAIC

SVS

N.S.C

PRIVATE

O.U.A.T.

O.S.S.C.LTD.

Dept.Farms

Percentage share of each seed source in certification of total quantity of Certified rice seeds in Odisha(Kharif)

2001-02 2005-06 2008-09 2010-11 2012-13

Dept. Farms 8 12 3 2 0.4

O.S.S.C.LTD. 82 67 76 64 69

O.U.A.T. 1 0.3 0.05 0.3 0

PRIVATE 9 19 15 28 22

N.S.C 1 4 5 0.3

SVS 1 0.1 0.01

OAIC 1

NFSM 8

BGREI 0.02

NGO 0.01

Total (tons) 16033 14439 39673 41968 49897 0

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2001-02 2005-06 2008-09 2010-11 2012-13

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Certified seeds NGO

BGREI

NFSM

OAIC

SVS

N.S.C

PRIVATE

O.U.A.T.

O.S.S.C.LTD.

Dept.Farms

Percentage share of each seed source in certification of total quantity of rice seeds in Odisha(Kharif)

2001-02 2005-06 2008-09 2010-11 2012-13

Dept. Farms 13 13 5 4 3

O.S.S.C.LTD. 74 61 72 60 60

O.U.A.T. 4 4 1 1 1

PRIVATE 10 21 17 30 23

N.S.C 1 3 5 0.3

SVS 1 0.06 4

OAIC 1

NFSM 7

BGREI 0.02

NGO 0.005

Total (tons) 18069 16296 42808 45266 57624 0

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100

2001-02 2005-06 2008-09 2010-11 2012-13

Shar

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Total seed production NGO

BGREI

NFSM

OAIC

SVS

N.S.C

PRIVATE

O.U.A.T.

O.S.S.C.LTD.

Dept.Farms

Varietal composition in the certification of the total quantity of rice seeds during 2012-13

Variety Share to the total production Kharif Rabi Total

Foundation

Seed

Certified

Seed

Total

seeds

Foundation

Seed

Certified

Seed

Total

seeds

Foundation

Seed

Certified

Seed

Total

seeds

MTU-1001 10 25 23 42 30 31 12 26 24 Swarna 10 25 23 9 20 19 Pooja 10 18 17 10 14 14 MTU-1010 6 7 7 16 38 37 7 13 12 Lalat 3 3 3 14 13 13 4 5 5 Ranidhan 1 5 5 1 4 4 Khandagiri 1 1 1 4 13 13 1 4 3 Pratikshya 1 2 2 1 2 2 Sarala 1 2 2 1 1 1 RGL-2538 1 2 1 1 1 1 CR-1018 0 1 1 0 1 1 Surendra 1 1 1 1 1 1 RGL-2537 1 1 1 1 1 1 Swarna Sub-1 2 0 1 1 0 1 Sahabhagi 4 1 1 1 0 3 1 1 Rest 49 6 11 23 6 7 47 6 11 Total quantity of

seeds certified in qts

77267 498944 576212 6619 119280 125899 83887 618224 702111

Percentage share in total production of certified seeds during 2012-13

MTU-1001(24%)

Swarna(19%)

Pooja(14%)

MTU-1010(12%)

Lalat(5%)

Ranidhan(4%)

Khandagiri(3%)

Pratikshya(2%) Others(17%)

MTU-1001

Swarna

Pooja

MTU-1010

Lalat

Ranidhan

Khandagiri

Pratikshya

Others

Percentage share in total seed supply/sold by major varieties during kharif season

Seed supply/sale by major varieties during kharif season.

Percentage share in total seed supply/sold

2001 2005 2010 2011 2013

MTU-1001 13 16 17 18 27

Swarna 33 31 33 32 22

Pooja 0 11 14 16 18

MTU-1010 0 0 6 8 8

Lalat 14 8 7 4 4

Khandagiri 5 3 4 2 3

CR-1018 5 4 2 2 1

Surendra 2 6 2 1 1

CR-1009 16 3 1 1 0

BPT-5204 5 4 1 7 1

Others 9 14 14 10 15

Total seed supplied/sold (Qtss) 241441 136095 471678 487221 512143

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BPT-5204

CR-1009

Surendra

CR-1018

Khandagiri

Lalat

MTU-1010

Pooja

Swarna

MTU-1001

Dynamics of composition of rice seed sale in Odisha, Kharif

Sl.

No.

Varieties 2001 2005 2010 2011 2013

1 MTU-1001 32211.615

(13.34)

21310.36

(15.66)

82350

(17.46)

89797.78

(18.43)

139449.8

(22.23)

2 Swarna 79639.72

(33.00)

42168

(30.98)

157702

(33.43)

153407.26

(31.50)

113637.5

(22.19)

3 Pooja 14753.93

(10.84)

67000

(14.02)

76766.04

(15.76)

90064.1

(17.59)

4 MTU-1010 112.2 (0.05) 27598

(5.85)

37025.99

(7.60)

40471.9

(7.90)

5 Lalat 32925.2

(13.64)

11391.39(8.37) 31022

(6.58)

20705.60

(4.25)

22120.3

(4.32)

6 Ranidhan 1.2(0) 517.80 (0.11) 20560.5 (4.00)

7 Khandagiri 11782.16

(4.88)

3928.93

(2.89)

17169.5

(3.64)

10765.00

(2.21)

13998.3

(2.73)

8 Pratikshya 23814

(5.05)

15340.50

(3.15)

11072.3

(2.16)

9 Sarala 5770.2(1.22) 5261.50(1.08) 8787.4(1.71)

10 RGL-2538 3035.5(0.64) 4199.20(0.86) 7086.6(1.38)

Sl.

No.

Varieties 2001 2005 2010 2011 2013

11 CR-1018 11169.16

(4.63)

5842

(4.29)

9522.3

(2.02)

8394.30

(1.72)

5791.4

(1.13)

12 Surendra 3629.282

(1.50)

8793

(6.46)

7610.3

(1.61)

6446.76

(1.32)

5141.8

(1.00)

13 RGL-2537 1806.6(0.38) 4395.00(0.90) 5019.4(0.98)

14 Swarna Sub-1 334.5(0.08) 2384.10(0.49) 4800.9(0.94)

15 Sahabhagi 416.5(0.09) 80.00(0.02) 4347.3(0.85)

16 Naveen 9600.4(2.04) 7972.80(1.64) 1453.5(0.28)

17 CR-1009 38014.77

(15.74)

3839.42

(2.82)

4272.7

(0.91)

3483.90

(0.72)

1530.4

(0.30)

18 BPT-5204 10975.87

(4.55)

4982.01(

3.66)

2735.9

(0.58)

32024.75

(6.57)

3449

(0.67)

19 Rest 20980.66

(8.69)

19086.25

(14.02)

19916.5

(4.22)

8252.55

(1.69)

13360.8

(2.61)

20 Total seeds

supplied

241440.64

(100.00)

136095.29(

100.00)

471678.1

(100.00)

487220.83

(100.00) 512143.2

(100.00)

Year of release

Varietal age

Share in MV area (%)

2007 2010

Swarna 1979 31 41 31

Lalat 1988 22 10 8

Khandagiri 1992 18 4 4

Gayatri 1988 22 4 2

Savithri 1982 28 2 1

24 60 47

Pooja 1999 11 9 14

Vijetha 1995 15 6 10

Cottondora Sannalu 2000 10 2 4

Sarala 2000 10 1 2

Pratikshya 2005 5 0 4

Naveen 2005 5 0 1

9 18 35

Hybrids 2000s 0.5 0.8

Other MVs 21 18

Tracking varietal change

% of responses

Sources of seeds

Own 57

Gov't Seed Sale Center 31

Other farmers 7

Seed trader 4

Others 1

Sources of information

Other farmers 76

Extension officers 21

Seed trader 2

Others 2

Sources of seeds and varietal information(2010)

Organized Rice seed production and supply system in India

Source: www.seednet.govt.in

Actors/Stakeholders in rice seed value chain in Odisha

• DAC-Seed Division, GOI

• Research Institutes/SAUs- CRRI, OUAT, ANGRAU, IGKV, BCKV ,DRRetc

• OSSOPCA, OSSC Ltd, OAIC, NSC, SFCI, State Government Farms(57)

• Private seed entrepreneurs( more than 50 MOU farms)

• Registered seed growers of OSSC Ltd(5000 nos)

• Organizers & Contract seed growers of Private seed entrepreneurs

• Govt. Schemes- NFSM, SVS, BGREI

• Farmers’ Organizations & SHGs (NABARD as well as Word Bank assisted)

• MNCs/National Seed Companies

• NGO

• Seed dealers of OSSC ltd and OAIC, PACS, Wholesalers/distributors of inputs both inside as well as outside the state, Input retailers both inside as well as outside the state, SHGs

• Farmers

Contract

seed growers

CS

MNC/National

Seed Companies

(R & D)

Hybrid M/Fe

Line/FS

Contract

growers

MNC/National Seed

Companies

processing/packaging

TL

Research stations in other

states (NSP)

OUAT (NSP) CRRI-ICAR (NSP)

BS BS BS

OSSC

OSSC farms/

Seed growers

DAFP govt .farms (57)

Private Farms(MOU-

more than 50 Nos)

OUAT

TL

FS FS FS

FS

CS

OSSC

OSSC farms Registered seed

growers (5000)

Private farms (more

than 50 MOU farms)

CS CS CS

OSSC

CS

FS

DDA-DAFP

(Schemes)

Storage facility (70),

2.60lakh qts

PACS (878)/Dealers of OSSC

(3225)

Flow chart of rice seed production and distribution in Odisha

DAC/Seed Division, GOI, NSP

OAIC

Research

station in

and

outside

sates

BS

Contract seed

growers

NGO

TL

DDA-

DAFP(Schemes)

SVS(GOI)

CS

Hybrid

DDA-DAFP

(Schemes)

Private

farm Contract growers

Private farm

TRIPTI(WB) FS CRRI Outlet/

Schemes

Seed

distributors/

Input dealers

Seed

distributors/

Input Retailers

DDA-

DAFP(Schemes)

through OAIC

Research/

Hybrid seed

OUAT

Seed Outlet

OAIC dealers

(644)

SWOT Analysis of rice seed production and marketing in Odisha

STRENGTH •Suitable natural conditions for rice seed production

•Farming community has vast experience in rice production

•National and state strategy for increased seed production

•National and state strategy for enhanced SRR to increase rice productivity

through NFSM, RKVY and BGREI

•Research institutions catering to the need for delivering new improved rice

cultivars with both biotic and abiotic stress tolerance

•Increased provision of subsidies for rice seed production and marketing

•Improved legal framework (Increased adherence to IPR, seed regulations and

seed quality control)

•Presence of large number of rice seed growers both individual as well as private

seed entrepreneurs practicing contract seed farming.

•Increased PPP mode both in production and marketing of rice seed in the state

•High improved rice seed varietal diversity catering to different topography and

agro-climatic conditions

•Enhanced rice farmers awareness about role of quality rice seeds in increasing

productivity

•Enhanced and better government rice procurement policy through PACS and

mandis with increased involvement of large numbers of rice millers

WEAKNESSES

•Small farms with highly scattered and fragmented plots limiting the

use of improved technology in rice seed production

•Poor productivity

•High post harvest losses due to inclement weather and defective

infrastructure causing failure in germination and high rejection due

to ODV (other distinguished variety).

•Weak implementation strategy in rice seed production and suffers

many hindrances – timely availability of Breeder and Foundation

seeds to growers, timely availability of fertilizer and pesticides,

specific institution credit sanction to the seed growers, specific

insurance scheme for rice seed growers, timely processing, timely

payment of dues along with poor infrastructure in handling such a

high volume of rice seed production in the state.

•Seed quality control is not effectively ensured due to lack of logistics

and staff constraints

•Weak implementation strategy in rice seed marketing: Seed marketing

mainly rests with two public sector organization viz. OSSC and OAIC. OAIC

does not have any logistic arrangements to procure, process and market seeds

and mainly does through its seed entrepreneurs and dealer networks.

Whereas, OSSC though has its own infrastructure, is handicapped to market

seeds of its own due to poor staffing, inadequate storage and transportation

facilities and market rice seeds through its dealer networks and PACS. Due to

official apathy, many a times, OSSC is not able to timely market the seeds

through PACS. Also due to delayed arrival of seeds at the sale points as well as

due to lack of availability of desired variety, farmers resort to sow their own

harvested seed thereby limiting the use of quality seeds at the farm front.

•Financial support for facilitating rice seed industry in the state is still weak.

•Many of the stakeholders lack experience on rice seed production, seed

distribution and marketing

•Poor information flow related to timely availability of seeds and of desired

variety

•Ineffective market chain

•Lack of adequate infrastructure for bulk handling of rice seeds for quality

control and marketing including processing, transportation, storage and

distribution

OPPORTUNITIES

•Large number of experienced rice seed growers

•New seed entrepreneurs with increased private investment

•National and state promotional activities for increased rice seed production to

cater to increased availability of quality seeds for increasing rice production

•Enhanced collaborative activities in rice seed production and marketing with

private seed companies from outside the state, seed growers, SHGs (World Bank

assisted TRIPTI program), farmers’ club and association(NABARD assisted

program), research institutions, NGOs and by converging national and state

production programs like NFSM and BGREI.

•Increased access to rice seed trade between eastern Indian state and opportunities

for cross border trade between India and neighbouring countries of Bangladesh,

Mayanmar, Nepal etc due to large numbers of rice varieties being released in the

state catering to diverse agro-ecological situations.

•Increased involvement of SHGs, farmers’ association, dealers as well as seed

entrepreneurs in marketing of rice seed in the state.

•Yield gap reduction in rice seed due to adoption of new and improved agronomic

production technologies like SRI, line planting, use of rice transplanters, reaper,

etc

•State favourable policies for technology improvement and research

•State favourable policies for post harvest and processing technology and

commercial services

THREATS AND CHALLENGES

•Unfavourable weather and natural disasters such as that of severe

cyclonic storm Phailin, flooding and drought and climate change

•Poor infrastructure and inadequate staffing resulting in poor quality

control and regulatory mechanism

•Poor quarantine checks to allow rice seed trade across the border

•Poor productivity and hence low profits to the farmers

•Highly risk venture

•Competition from the private seed companies from across the border

•Small seed growers are constrained to grow newly released varieties

because of IPR issues.

•Competition from other agri enterprises like sugarcane and fisheries

•Rising input costs like fertilizer, oil and labour

•Provision of subsidies through government agencies limits the growth

and independent functioning of private seed entrepreneurs in the state

•Instances of private seed entrepreneurs acting as grain processor (custom milling) which may compromise seed quality •Swift land reforms

CONCLUSIONS • SRR was below 10% till 2007-08. Within a span of next five years only it

reached 22%.

• SRR in inland districts are comparatively higher than that of coastal district. Timely availability of desired variety is a constraint

• Role of private seed entrepreneurs have increased significantly in production & marketing of both Foundation and Certified seeds

• Central Government schemes like NFSM and BGREI facilitates production of rice seeds in the state

• Both share of production and distribution of Swarna seeds and adoption of Swarna has declined over the period and is replaced mostly by MTU-1001

• Area under rice seed production has increased significantly over the years and is stated to reach a higher front in the near future thereby increasing the possibility of higher SRR as well as increased export to neighbouring states as well as countries like Bangladesh. However, quality is a major concern.

Policy Options 1.The OSSC Ltd along with the OSSOPCA who are the controlling authority in production and certification of seeds in the state are highly understaffed. Infrastructure facilities at their steps are too little and inadequate to produce and maintain quality standards of that enormous quantity of rice seeds. Immediate measures need to be taken to increase the production units under OSSC Ltd as well as certification centres with sufficient staff. 2.Godown facility to store paddy seeds in the state with OSSC Ltd is low. Currently seed production in the state is in the range of five lakh quintals under OSSC. There is urgent need to increase the storage capacity to keep the seeds in sound condition. 3.Seed Testing Laboratories are quite inadequate to check the large quantities of seed lots being sent for testing. At least 10 Seed Testing Laboratories are needed for better seed testing in 30 districts. 4.Efforts should be made to make the seeds available to farmers by May, particularly in the coastal districts. 5.Technical Training: The seed industry stretches all the way from genetic research, through varietal development, bulking up, certification, registration, production and marketing. Many of these topics are highly technical, and it need well trained seed scientists and technologists. So training is an essential element for successful

implementation of quality seed production, processing, storage and marketing.

Private Rice Seed Processing units in Odisha

Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd, Bonda, Atabira, Baragarh

Thank you