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PRODUCT MANUAL

©AG

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2016

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. 331

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ISS2

331Low Power In-Sign Radar Traffic Detector

2

INTRODUCTION Product & technology 3

Key features 3 Product introduction 4 Typical applications 5 Product overview 5

INSTALLATION Radar mounting 6 Radar installation - Range 7

SYSTEM HARDWARE OVERVIEW Power & communications 8-9

RADAR CHARACTERISTICS General 10 Antenna plots 11 Frequency variants 12

RADAR COMMANDS & CONFIGURATION Radar command overview 13 Command list 14-15 Output configuration string 16 RS232 output message 17 Firmware update 18 Dip switch SW2 configuration 19 Dip switch SW1 configuration 20 Rotary switch SW3 configuration 21HELP Troubleshooting 22-24

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Product specification 25

MANUFACTURING TEST PROCESS Hyperion Test Equipment 26

END OF LIFE - DISPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS (EOL) AGD331 radar traffic detector 27

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION Safety precautions 28 Low power non-ionising radio transmission and safety 29

DISCLAIMER 32 Warranty 32

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3

INTRODUCTION

PRODUCT & TECHNOLOGY

KEY FEATURES

• Target speeds reported based upon multiple configurable parameters

• Range to target up to 180 metres• Speed measurement 11kph – 160kph• Bi-directional discrimination• Two independent FET switched outputs• RS232 serial communications for configuration and data output• Simple set-up option using rotary switches• Patent pending

331The 331 detector is a true ranging FMCW radar designed for OEM integration into Vehicle Actuated Sign (VAS) applications.Operating in the 24GHz K-band, the 331 offers accurate speed and range measurement while discriminating between advancing and receding traffic.Technical advancements allow for extremely low power consumption while maintaining vehicle detection distances up to 180 metres.

4

INTRODUCTION

PRODUCT INTRODUCTION

The 331 radar is a ground-up development by AGD using the latest power saving radar technology. The heart of the radar’s design is a unique pulsed, frequency modulated transceiver linked to a 32bit ARM Cortex processor. This helps deliver market leading radar performance while maintaining extremely low power usage.

Traditional Continuous Wave (CW) Doppler radars for sign driving applications have no ranging capability. The 331 contains filter-down technology from AGD high grade enforcement products, this furnishes the radar with a full multi-target acquisition platform, accurate range measurement, and adjustable output rate of targets. To the VAS designer, this simply means the system power is more efficiently managed by the ability to select the area of interest accurately (regardless of vehicle size).

Designed to be simple to use and quickly deployed into the end users sign solution, the 331 range and low speed can be set-up and adjusted via rotary and dip switches conveniently located on the rear of the unit. Additional parameters are accessible via an RS232 serial interface.

Utilising the same compact form factor as the AGD 330 radar, the 331 radar offers a direct physical retrofit solution, for those wishing to add more functionality.

5

INTRODUCTION

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

Sign Activation - Speed Sign Activation - Warning

PRODUCT OVERVIEW

Power-up and output detect LED

Power input, RS232 and switched output connections

Expansion socket

Switch 1 (Low speed threshold)

Switch 3 (Range)

Switches 2 (DIP)

* SW1 and SW3 can only be used to set the low speed threshold and range on switched output 1

6

INSTALLATION

RADAR MOUNTING

Installation of the radar within the sign should be in accordance with the table below which specifies the spacing (D) of the radar module PCB assembly from the inside front surface of the sign. These measurements are based upon a typical polycarbonate fascia and have been tested to provide optimum radar performance.

In the instance of different thickness front panel materials, customers are advised to contact AGD systems for further information and technical support.

Standard fixing of the radar module is based upon a set of four mounting holes with the dimensions shown in the diagram on the right.

The recommended material situated in front of a K-Band radar is 4mm thick polycarbonate.

The relatively wide beam profile of the K-band radar module ensures good detection coverage of single or dual lane approaches with relatively little adjustment of the sign in relation to the direction of approaching targets. Mounting of the radar within the sign is recommended at between two and five metres from the ground (optimum 3m).

D=15mm

62mm

55mm 65mm

The radars planar antenna should be 900 to the road surface, inclines in the road surface should be catered for by adjusting the 331 radars mounting angle.

Front screen material thickness Recommended Spacing D Comments

0.5mm 15mm +/- 1mm Spacing for 0.5mm material is not critical

1.0mm 15mm +/- 1mm

2.0mm 15mm +/- 1mm

3.0mm 15mm +/- 1mm

4.0mm 15mm +/- 1mm Spacing for 4mm material is not critical

5.0mm 15mm +/- 1mm

6.0mm 15mm +/- 1mm

Holes 4mmØ

7

INSTALLATION

RADAR INSTALLATION - RANGE

The 331 is a true ranging radar that allows the user to select at what range the radar needs to start reporting on tracked targets.

Each target needs to return sufficient signal in order for the radar to track its range. A target returns signal related to its Radar Cross Section (RCS) which is in part related to the reflecting area of the target. Targets that have a larger Radar Cross Section (RCS) will return a higher signal than those with a smaller RCS.

For example: If the detection range is set at 80 metres then all targets that have enough reflective power before this point will be tracked. Only when the target is at 80 metres will detection occur, allowing for accurate actuation of the sign at the correct range.

Maximum Range 180m

Dual Lane Detection 25m

Minimum Range 16m

8

SYSTEM HARDWARE OVERVIEW

POWER & COMMUNICATIONS

Terminal Connections Pin No. Function Power Off Power On - No Detect Power On - Detect

1 +5.5 to 15V dc - - -

2 0V dc / RS232 GND / Switched GND - - -

3 RS232 TX - - -

4 RS232 RX - - -

5 Switched Output 1 (FET1) High Ω High Ω Low Ω 6 Switched Output 2 (FET2) High Ω High Ω Low Ω 7 No function - - -

Power

The radar is powered using a DC voltage in the range of 5.5 – 15V dc. The power is applied to terminals 1 and 2 located at the bottom of the radar.

Power consumption 15mA @ 12V

* Please note that terminal 2 also serves as the RS232 GND connection and the 0V potential for FET 1 and 2 switched outputs.

Power-Up Sequence

Upon initialisation from power-up or *REBOOT! the LED will flash five times to indicate the radar has powered-up correctly.

FET Switched Outputs

The switched outputs are driven via Field Effect Transistors (FET) that are biased toward 0V. All external equipment should be connected to the same 0V.

When the FET is low impedance (<25Ω), the host equipment will be at the same potential as 0V. When the FET is high impedance (>100kΩ), this will be the same as an open switch.

The field effect transistors are rated at:

Max Voltage 15V

Max Current 50mA

*All connections should be made to the unit before applying power.

15mA

5.5 6 8 10 12 14 15

331 CURRENT

Supply voltage (v)

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A)

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24

22

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18

16

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9

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Supply voltage (v)

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65

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50

45

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25

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65mA - AGD330

FIG 1: SUPPLY CURRENT VS. SUPPLY VOLTAGE

9

SYSTEM HARDWARE OVERVIEW

POWER & COMMUNICATIONS

RS232 UART Interface

A UART interface is provided that uses RS232 voltage levels on the terminal connector:

Communications can be established with the 331 Radar using MS-226 (FTDI USB-232 converter) cable assembly (pictured) supplied separately. The wire ends should be connected as

FTDI Wire Colour 331 Terminal Connection Function

Black 2 Ov

Yellow 3 TXD

Orange 4 RXD

DEFAULT UART SETTINGS

Parameter Setting Baud rate 115200

Data bits 8

Parity None

Stop bits 1

Flow Control (handshaking) None

Transmit Delay 0

RADAR CHARACTERISTICS

GENERAL

Radar AntennaThe antenna design is a planar patch array with the following performance:

Operating Frequency Band and PowerThe radar frequency and power is as follows:

10

Parameter Specified Notes

Horizontal Beam-width 30 ̊approx -3dB

Vertical Beam-width 30 ̊approx -3dB

Side-lobe Suppression 16dB Minimum

E-Field Vertical Plane Polarised

Parameter Specified Notes

Centre Frequency 24.200GHz* FCC variant uses 24.125GHz

Frequency Modulation 14MHz

Power <100mW eirp

Field Strength <500mV/m @ 3m

Transmit Duration Time 10mS

ITU Code 13M3FXN

RADAR CHARACTERISTICS

ANTENNA PLOTS

Angle (Degrees)

11

1212

IMPORTANTRADAR CHARACTERISTICS

FREQUENCY VARIANTS

Several versions of this product are available at frequency options which are for use in different geographic regions related to the radio requirements of that specific jurisdiction as follows;

Frequency Variant EU Country of Use Other Countries Notes

24.200GHz UK, IE, BE, DK, ES, FI, EL, IT, NL, PT, SE, NO, FR AU,NZ,ZA,KR,TR

24.125GHz USA FCC Compliant Variant

This table is periodically updated: if the required country is not shown please enquire on availability.

These products may not be used in the following geographic regions;

Restriction Type EU Country Other Countries

Relevant 24GHz Band not allocated

Licence Required for Use

Frequency Allocated but EIRP too high

It is important to note that this table is updated from time to time. Please contact AGD for latest information if your intended country of use is not currently represented.

(Note: Countries are listed by their ISO 3166 2 letter code)

none currently identified

1313

IMPORTANTRADAR COMMANDS & CONFIGURATION

RADAR COMMAND OVERVIEW

Commands can be used to control the operation of radar. These are sent over the RS232 UART Link.

Commands are immediately followed by an operator that indicates the required action. Not all the operators are supported for all commands. Where an operator is used and it is not supported the radar will respond with warning message. The table shows the commands used by the radar.

Operator Operation

= Set a parameter to a value e.g. *LS=50<CR>

? Respond with value or values

^ Set default value for parameter

$ Provide help on the command

! Do something e.g. *REBOOT! Reboots the radar

Command OperatorsWhere a command is used to enquire or set a radar parameter the radar will respond in a set way. The radar will respond with a hash, #, followed by the command name, operator used and then the value of parameter or parameters.

For example

*DIR=A<CR> Radar responds with #DIR=A<CR>

*DIR?<CR> Radar responds with #DIR?A<CR>

Communication TasksThe operation of the 331 radar has been optimised as a low power device with minimal processing overhead. It is good practice to not ‘overrun’ the communication line with repeated send commands when the radar is operational.

Command requests to store settings are written to EEPROM each time they are sent from the host system, repeated sending of commands will erode the lifetime capacity of the radars non-volatile memory.

14

RADAR COMMANDS & CONFIGURATION

COMMAND LIST

Command Suffixes Description Default Lower Limit

Upper Limit

Comments

AGD - Shows detector type & version information

N/A N/A Reports radar model and version information

*BAUD ?=^$

Baud rate for RS232 115200 9600 115200 9600 or 115200

*DEFAULTS !$

Set all parameters to their calibrated defaults

- - - -

*DEFAULTSTATS !$

Resets the number of target detections as reported by *STATUS? command

- - - -

*HELP ?$!

Displays all user commands - - - -

*STATUS ?$

Reports Firmware version /Life /Status /Since

- - - -

*OUT1 ?=^$

Controls switched output 1Mode = detect / disabledLowspeed threshold = 11high speed threshold = 160 Maximum range =180Direction = A

*OUT1 = detect, 11, 160, 180, A<CR>

*OUT1=disabled<CR>

Note: OUT1 can wstill be set with SW1 and SW3

*OUT2 ?=^$

Controls switched output 2Mode = detect / disabledLowspeed threshold = 11 high speed threshold = 160 Maximum range = 180Direction = A

*OUT2 = detect, 11, 160, 180, A<CR>

*OUT2=disabled<CR>

*OUT3 ?=^$

Controls RS232 outputMode = detect / disabledLowspeed threshold = 11 high speed threshold = 160 Maximum range = 180Direction = A

*OUT3 = detect, 11, 160, 180, A<CR>

*OUT3=disabled<CR>

*MM ?^$=

Targets reporting method1 = Fastest Target 2 = Oldest valid tracked target 3 = Average Speed of oldest tracked target

2 1 3

*MS ?=^$

Message type 02 = *dd (10 fps)06 = *Sddd (10 fps)09 = *Sddd (5fps) 12 = Speed & Direction

12 02 12

*REBOOT !$

Forces firmware to restart - - - -

*TEMP ?$

Reports current temperature of radar (few degrees above ambient)

- - - -

*HOLDTIME ?=^$

The time the Switched output is held on after the target has left the detection zoneSetting global to both outputs

500 10 2000 Values are in Milliseconds

15

RADAR COMMANDS & CONFIGURATION

COMMAND LIST CONTINUED

Command Suffixes Description Default Lower Limit

Upper Limit

Comments

*LED ?=^$

* LED = ON, OFF\rTurns LED on and mimics switched output 1

ON OFF ON Off will help lower the current consumption

*MONITOR ?=^$

Switched output 1 will produce a constant demand if no target is seen for the duration of the monitor time

0 0 72 Hours where 0 is off

*SU ?=^$

Changes the radar’s speed unit

*SU = K<CR>#SU = K

K - - K = kph

M = mph

*TS ?=^$

Simulates a target to test all outputs

*TS=1<CR>#TS=1

0 0 1 FET 1 and 2 are set to a permanent detect (low impedance) state

RS232 streams constant 88mph / 88 kph using current message output setting (*MS)

Note: 1 mph = 1.6093 kph

16

RADAR COMMANDS & CONFIGURATION

OUTPUT CONFIGURATION STRING

Using the terminal application via the RS232 it is possible to set up both switched outputs as independent triggers by adding values to *OUT command string. The string will need a carriage return for the setting to be committed to memory.

Prefix Bytes Value Minimum Maximum Default Notes

*Command - - - *OUT

Switched Output-

1 3-

Identifies which output you setOUT 1 = FET 1OUT 2 = FET 2OUT 3 = RS232

Mode detect=speeding target accusationCount=counts at dedicated range*disabled=output disabled

Only selectable on *OUT2

- - -

Function of Switch outputDetectCount (OUT 2 only)Disabled

LST - 7 mph11 kph

98 mph159 kph - Minimum speed the radar will

report on

HST - 8 mph12 kph

99 mph160 kph - Maximum speed the radar will

report on

Maximum Range -

40 180-

The up to maximum a target can be seen in metres

Direction A = AdvanceR = ReccedeB = Bidirectional

- - A A / R / B

Example: *OUT1 = detect, 30, 50, 70, A <CR>Will set output 1 to detect targets between 30 and 50 (mph or kph depending on the value of *SU) up to a range of 70 metres when they are advancing towards the radar.

Example: *OUT1=disabled <CR>Will disable output 1 from operation in RS232 mode. However, the output can still be set using SW1 and SW3.

*Command Switched Output Mode LST HST Maximum Range Direction

17

RADAR COMMANDS & CONFIGURATION

RS232 OUTPUT MESSAGE

The speed of a single target of interest can be reported using the RS232 connection. This is typically used to display the actual speed of a target as it approaches the sign.

The *OUT3 command allows the user to filter which target to report by it’s speed, range and direction.

In the case of multiple valid targets at any one time, the *MM command allows the user to decide which target to report:

*MM=2 (default, recommended)

report the valid target that’s been tracked for the longest period of time

e.g. a valid target travelling at 32km/hr will be reported even if a new 50km/hr target is seen 3 seconds later

*MM=3

report the average speed of the valid target that’s been tracked for the longest period of time

e.g. a valid target travelling around 32km/hr (±2km/hr) will have its average speed reported over the duration it’s been tracked, even if a new 50km/hr target is seen 3 seconds later

*MM=1 (not recommended)

report the valid target with the fastest speed, regardless of distance from the sign or duration of the track.

e.g. a valid target travelling at 32km/hr will no longer be reported when a new 50km/hr target is seen 3 seconds later

The *MS command controls the format of a reported message & the rate at which they are sent (these selected formats are backwards-compatible with the AGD330 sign-activation radar):

Command Output formatOutput update rate (Frames Per Second)

Example - 30kph advancing target

Example - 160kph receding target

*MS=2 dd<CR> 10 30<CR> 160<CR>

*MS=6 *Sddd<CR> 10 *S030<CR> *S160<CR>

*MS=9 *Sddd<CR> 5 *S030<CR> *S160<CR>

*MS=12 ddd,A<CR> 1 030,A<CR> 160,R<CR>

*As the target moves through the radar beam and ceases to no longer detect, a speed of zero will be transmitted on all message types in the format selected.

18

RADAR COMMANDS & CONFIGURATION

FIRMWARE UPDATE

The 331 radar is designed to be re-flashable with firmware updates. Please contact AGD technical support for further instruction.

Switch 1(Low speed threshold)

Switch 3 (Range)

Switch 2 (DIP)

DIP SWITCH SW2 CONFIGURATION

19

RADAR COMMANDS & CONFIGURATION

DIP SWITCH SW2 - FOUR POSITION

4 Position Switch Number Function

LED output

On = LED on for each detect of switched output 1 Off = No LED activation

Test mode

Activates FET 1, FET 2 outputs and reports simulated target information over RS232(Replicates the RS232 *TS function)

Priority vehicle to report On = Fastest tracked target Off = Longest tracked target

Count mode

On = Count on switched output 2 Off = Output 2 disabled

ON

1 2 3 4

ON

1 2 3 4

ON

1 2 3 4

ON

ON

1 2 3 4

ON

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

ON

1 2 3 4

ON

1 2 3 4

ON

1 2 3 4

ON

1 2 3 4

ON

ON

1 2 3 4

ON

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

ON

1 2 3 4

ON

1 2 3 4

ON

1 2 3 4

ON

1 2 3 4

ON

ON

1 2 3 4

ON

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

ON

1 2 3 4

ON

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ON

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ON

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ON

ON

1 2 3 4

ON

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

ON

1 2 3 4

N.B. These switch values are ignored if SW1 and SW3 are both set to zero

Rotary Switch

Position

Low Speed Threshold

kph

Low Speed Threshold

mph

11 7

36 22

50 31

53 33

71 44

Rotary Switch

Position

Low Speed Threshold

kph

Low Speed Threshold

mph

80 50

96 60

106 66

124 77

RS232 mode. Switches

inoperable

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20

RADAR COMMANDS & CONFIGURATION

Only switched output one is configurable via these switches.

Rotary switch 1 - This sets the Low Speed Threshold (LST) of the radar. The low speed threshold is that speed below which the radar will not detect targets. Eg if the LST is set to 55km/hr the radar will only activate the output for targets travelling at 55km/hr or greater.

Ensure Rotary Switch 1 is set to 0 for configuring via RS232.

Further adjustment to switched output 1 and 2 outside of the designated values are made via the RS232 connection.

ROTARY SWITCH SW1 CONFIGURATION

Rotary Switch 1 Settings - 10 positions

Rotary Switch

Position

Function

16-40 m

16-50 m

16-60 m

16-70 m

16-80 m

Rotary Switch

Position

Function

16-90 m

16-100 m

16-120 m

16-180 m

RS-232 User Selectable

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21

RADAR COMMANDS & CONFIGURATION

ROTARY SWITCH SW3 CONFIGURATION

Rotary Switch 3 Settings - 10 positionsThe radar’s range can be easily adjusted for site specific topography and local conditions via rotary switch three.

Only Switched output one is configurable via these switches.

Rotary switch 3 - Sets the Range for a typical saloon type target.

Ensure Rotary Switch 3 is set to 0 for configuring via RS232.

Further adjustment to switched output 1 and 2 outside of the designated values are made via the RS232 connection.

2222

IMPORTANTHELP

TROUBLESHOOTING

The radar has an update/frame rate of 10Hz (ie a response time of 100ms), can we not decrease the update rate and save more power?

Yes, more power can be saved but the radar has been optimised for use on both Urban and High Speed roads. A vehicle travelling at 130kph (80mph) will produce a detection distance latency of about 4m at 10Hz which is of the order of the user range setting intervals. A variant 331 could be produced which reduced the power further with a lower update rate. However, this may only make it applicable for lower speed applications if an accurate position for the onset of detection needs to be preserved.

What is the advantage of an FMCW radar over normal sign activation radars that are based on speed detection by simple Doppler only?

An FMCW radar is a much more complicated radar architecture that allows the speed and the range of the target to be measured. This ensures that the sign is always activated at the same target distance. It is one of the main drawbacks with traditional low cost radars that you may have the sign activating at 140m for a truck and only 60m for a small car. Additionally, the set activation distance is almost completely unaffected by rain and fog etc with an FMCW radar compared to a traditional Doppler radar.****There are some additional explanatory notes on performance invariance owing to weather.

Can the 331 store the vehicles it counts?Another significant advantage of an FMCW radar like the 331 is that it can count vehicles better than a traditional Doppler radar that usually counts ‘platoons’ of traffic. The standard way of counting vehicles with the 331 is covered in the manual. Initially, the 331 will not be able to store this count but an operational extension to the radar for this function is provided for in the radar hardware.

The radar I currently use sometimes has a large delay in detection of an approaching vehicle and hence sign-activation when a large target is receding in the adjacent carriageway. Is this improved with the 331?

The 331 radar processes many targets simultaneously so the detection distance for the oncoming vehicle can be detected even when there are large receding targets.

Why is the ability to set a reliable sign activation distance so important?If the detection distance is too short the driver has no response time to absorb the sign’s message. If the detection distance is too large the sign is illuminated for a longer duration and hence more power is used which can be critical in low power applications. You need the sign to be on for just the right duration and at the right distance for the value of the sign message to be delivered to the driver. This distance will vary with the site and with the sign message.

Why is the LED on the 331 flashing repeatedly or intermittently?The operational voltage supply range for the radar is 5.5 to 15V dc (nominal 12Vdc). It is possible, especially in solar & battery based installations that the voltage supply level can fall outside the specified limits. Operation of the radar is not guaranteed outside these limits and incorrect operation can be manifest in an erratic or flashing LED state. Please check the voltage supply and reconnect the radar.

23

HELP

TROUBLESHOOTING

The 331 radar can be re-flashed. What does this mean?There is a development plan to include new features in the radar going forward. Customers who use a current version of 331 will not be disadvantaged by not having access to these new features. Re-flashing means we can email new application code that can be uploaded into the 331 radar over the RS 232 link which will enable new functions as they are available (some may require an additional expansion PCB to be plugged in). There is no requirement for the customer to return the hardware to AGD for upgrade.

I have set the detection range to 100m but motorbikes are only detected at 75m, why is this?The signal a vehicle generates is proportional to the size of its radar cross-section (reflecting area). If you set the radar to 100m the radar will be getting signals from the cars, vans and lorries at greater distances but not actuating the output until they are at 100m. For the motorbike, it does not generate enough signal at the longer ranges owing to the much smaller reflecting area. There is a further explanatory note regarding targets that have a ‘stealthy’ profile and the effect on detection range.

I have mounted the 331 radar in the sign and set the detection distance to 60m but I am only getting a detection range of typically 30m which varies with each target?

The radar is designed to operate through a plastic screen which normally forms the front face of the sign. This screen acts as the protective radome for the radar and guidance for the mounting is given in the relevant section of the Manual to minimise any losses. However, in rare instances some plastics have dyes, additives or protective films which are particularly good at attenuating the radar signals. If you have poor range performance you should verify that the radar is operating correctly by removing the plastic from in front of the radar to confirm whether the screen is indeed a poor match.

What is the difference between configuring the radar using the switches and a terminal window ?For quick configuration the radar can be set-up using the physical switches on the rear of the unit. SW1 is used to configure the low speed threshold, SW3 the range at which the target starts being reported. Note that SW2 becomes active if SW1 and SW3 are set to anything other than zero (zero denotes RS232 configuration). SW2 controls parameters for *OUT2, *MM, *LED and *TS commands.

The sign has been EMC tested and the radar has a CE mark. If I put the radar in the sign will that be enough to legally put this on the market in the EU?

This is not a safe assumption to make. There are special directives and associated specifications in the EU regarding radio devices (radar is classed as a radio device) and care should be taken on building a file for conformity. AGD has good experience on this and can give guidance or your usual Notified Body will give you independent advice on your required test documentation, Declaration of Conformity and product labelling etc.

I have seen references to the RTTE Directive for the radar. How does this affect the sign?The radar is a Class 2 radio device under Directive 1999/5/EC (soon to be updated in 2016 with Directive 2014/53/EU). When placing the 331 radar in an enclosure such as a VAS sign the whole sign may be considered a radio transmitter and the sign should be placed on the market according with the associated requirements. Your Notified Body will be able to advise on the appropriate tests (if any) and the required content of the DofC for the sign.

24

HELP

TROUBLESHOOTING

The accuracy of the speed measurement appears very good in the documentation is this likely to be the same for real targets?

The real world is a complex place and there a several known effects which can affect the speed accuracy. For a single target at 50m travelling directly towards the radar with a speed of 60km/hr will return a speed reading from the radar of 60km/hr ±1 with close to 100% confidence level. If the vehicle is quite close to the radar such that it is starting to ‘pass’ the sign, the vehicle is no longer travelling directly towards the radar and an angle is formed between the direction of travel of the target and the bore of the radar. In this case the speed of the target is effectively reduced at the radar by the cosine of this angle. Additionally, if the radar is used on a dual carriageway two vehicles in the adjacent lanes at similar distances travelling at a speed difference <8km/hr will have their speeds merged by the radar. In this specific case, the speed output of the radar will be the average of the two vehicle speeds.

The radar has a high speed measurement specification of 160km/hr (99mph). What happens for targets travelling above this speed?

For targets travelling above the upper speed threshold limit there will no output from the radar in normal operation. The radar will ‘see’ the target but not in a meaningful way that will allow the radar to make an output.

If we need the radar to output for targets over 160km/hr (100mph) is there anything that can be done?The radar has been optimised for low power and as a result the speed processing task has been restricted to keep the processing overhead low. The upper threshold for speed could be increased but at the expense of current consumption. This change is not a simple internal radar setting and would require a revision to the radar operational firmware.

How accurate is the speed measurement?The speed measurement algorithm in the 331 radar is a cut-down version of the speed measurement algorithm used in high grade speed enforcement radars manufactured by AGD. The 331 radar outputs the speed of the target to the nearest integer. It is rounded to the nearest integer from a calculation of more significant figures.The speed measurement of each radar is verified at test via simulation. The simulation is calibrated and fully traceable to a national standard. The results of the verification are held for each serial numbered radar and are available as a certified document on request. The pass/fail criteria, tests and references are laid out on the certificate but essentially the pass limit simulated speed value +/-1 for all speeds tested.The target range measurement is treated in the same way as the speed measurement.

15mm

65mm

55mm

62mm

RoHS COMPLIANTRestriction on Hazardous Substances

ACCESSORIES 932 Target Simulator

MS-226 USB - RS232 Converter

DRILLING TEMPLATE

Front Panel of Sign Holes 4mmø

Owing to the Company’s policy of continuous improvement, AGD Systems Limited reserves the right to change their specification or design without notice.

25

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

SPECIFICATIONS

Technology FMCW Doppler Radar

Frequency K-band 24GHz

Range/Zone Up to 180m (dependent on sign mounting and user selection)

Mounting Height 2-5m nominal (optimum 3m)

Low Speed Threshold 9 preset selectable thresholds from 11 to 160kph and user defined via RS232

Direction Advance / Recede / Bidirectional

Weight 100g nominal

Product Mounting 4 off ø4mm mounting holes

Product Finish Open PCB finish for mounting inside sealed enclosures

Detect Outputs x2 FET Switched / x1 RS232

Operating Temperature -20ºC to +60ºC

Power Supply 5.5/15V dc

Current 15mA nominal at 12V dc (see fig 1)

Specifications ETSI EN 300 440 FCC CFR47 Part 15 AS/NZS4268 ETSI EN 301 489

User Adjustments • Range via rotary switch 3 or RS232 • Low speed threshold via rotary switch 1 or via RS232 • kph or mph via RS232 • Full configuration of all parameters vis RS232

26

MANUFACTURING TEST PROCESS

TEST EQUIPMENT:

TEST FUNCTION:

PRODUCT TEST: HYPERION was designed and developed by AGD Systems

HYPERION was designed and developed by AGD Systems

HYPERION INTELLIGENT DETECTION SYSTEMS

315 | 316 | 317 | 318 | 331 | 335 | 336 | 342

315 | 316 | 317 | 318 | 331 | 335 | 336 | 342

• True range simulation of target• Test cycle time 9 minutes

• Radar target processing optimisation • Verification of communication protocols

• True range simulation of target• Test cycle time 9 minutes

• Radar target processing optimisation • Verification of communication protocols

TM

HYPERIONTMTEST EQUIPMENT:

TEST FUNCTION:

PRODUCT TEST:

INTELLIGENT DETECTION SYSTEMS

Hyperion™ is a bespoke set of test equipment designed and developed by AGD Systems. It is dedicated to the testing of the ‘ranging’ portfolio of AGD FMCW vehicle radars. 100% of the 331 units manufactured at AGD are Certified by Hyperion.

The key test functions performed by Hyperion to Certify the premium performance of your Intelligent Detection System are:

• True range simulation of target

• Target speed and direction simulation at a given range

• Radar target processing optimisation

• Transmitted radar power and frequency modulation measurement

• Radar signal to noise level measurement

• Verification of interface and communication protocols

• Test cycle time of 9 minutes

The radar test sequences performed by Hyperion on the radar under test provides a thorough examination of the performance of the 331 radar and specifically the ranging measurement capability provided by the FMCW technology deployed. This gives full control of simulated targets’ signal size, speed, direction and range.

Verification of Bluetooth communication to the detector is verified during the test cycle.

Optimisation of frequency signals on Hyperion ensures full compatibility with country requirements within the 24GHz radar operating band.

LIFETIME PRODUCT TRACEABILITY There are clearly defined pass and fail criteria at all stages within the Hyperion test process. The test results in association with the product build revision are recorded on a product serial number basis. The full suite of test measurements is instantly sent to the dedicated product database within the AGD secure server facility, providing full traceability during the product lifetime.

The AGD Certified symbol is your mark of assured performance.

FULL RANGE

HYPERION is dedicated to the testing of the AGD portfolio of ‘ranging’ FMCW vehicle radars. It provides true range simulation and both target speed and direction simulation at a given range

2727

IMPORTANTEND OF LIFE – DISPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS (EOL)

AGD331 RADAR TRAFFIC DETECTOR

Item Qty Material1 1 Electronic Assembly - Mixed Metal + Printed Circuit Board

• Reuse / Recycle

• Separate & Recycle

• Downcycle

• Hazardous Recovery

• Non -Recyclable

This document serves as a guideline only for EOL procedures and further guidance may need to be sought from the appropriate authority or agency.

28

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

All work must be performed in accordance with company working practices, in-line with adequate risk assessments. Only skilled and instructed persons should carry out work with the product. Experience and safety procedures in the following areas may be relevant:

• Working with mains power • Working with modern electronic/electrical equipment • Working at height • Working at the roadside or highways

1. This product is compliant to the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS - European Union directive 2011/65/EU).

2. Should the product feature user-accessible switches, an access port will be provided. Only the specified access port should be used to access switches. Only non-conductive tools are to be used when operating switches.

3. The product must be correctly connected to the specified power supply. All connections must be made whilst the power supply is off or suitably isolated. Safety must take always take precedence and power must only be applied when deemed safe to do so.

4. No user-maintainable parts are contained within the product. Removing or opening the outer casing is deemed dangerous and will void all warranties.

5. Under no circumstances should a product suspected of damage be powered on. Internal damage may be suggested by unusual behaviour, an unusual odour or damage to the outer casing. Please contact AGD for further advice.

6. This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules.

• Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired

operation.

• This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. End users must follow the specific operating instructions for satisfying RF exposure compliance such that the module should not be installed in equipment intended to be used within 20cm of the body.

• The transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.

• Changes or modifications not expressly approved by AGD Systems Ltd could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

29

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

LOW POWER NON-IONISING RADIO TRANSMISSION AND SAFETY

Concern has been expressed in some quarters that low power radio frequency transmission may constitute a health hazard. The transmission characteristics of low power radio devices is a highly regulated environment for the assurance of safe use.

There are strict limits on continuous emission power levels and these are reflected in the testing specifications that the products are approved to. These type approval limits are reflected in the product specifications required for a typical geographic area such as those for the EU (ETS300:440), for the USA (FCC part 15c) and for Australia/New Zealand (AS/NZS 4268). The limits adopted in these specifications are typically replicated in many other localized specifications.

The level of safe human exposure to radio transmission is given by the generally accepted guidelines issued by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). This body has issued guidance for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz) which are quoted below.

Note 1 Values are calculated conversions for comparison purposes.

Note 2 Other equivalent limits include; Medical Research Council Limit of 10mW/cm2, IACP limit of 5mW/cm2 (at 5cm) and UK CAST limit of 5mW/cm2

Note 3 Calculation is made on the assumption antenna is a point source therefore the actual value is likely to be significantly less than that quoted. Note that a theoretical max level at a 5cm distance (which gives 0.318mW/cm2) is at a point in the field where the radar beam is not properly formed.

Note 4 Comparison for product model 331 operating in the band typically 24.050GHz to 24.250GHz

From the table it can be seen that it is extremely unlikely that a potentially hazardous situation could occur owing to the use of such low power devices.

It is considered to be good practice not to subject humans to radiation levels higher than is necessary. In a works environment where multiple equipment on soak test are to be encountered then it is considered good practice to contain the equipment in an appropriate enclosure lined with radar absorbing material.

Radar and ICNIRP limit comparison Typical Informative Limits for Radar Transmission Approval

Radar Transmitted

Level (Note 4)

ICNIRP Limit (Table 6)

Exposure Margin

ETS300:440

FCC (part15c)

AS/NZS 4268

Power (mW EIRP)

<100mW (<20dBm)

N/A N/A 100mW (20dBm)

1875mW (Note 1)

100mW (20dBm)

Max Power Density (mW/cm2)

3.18µW/cm2 at 50cm (Note 3)

<50W/m2 (5mW/cm2)

(Note 2)

0.064%

N/A

N/A

N/A

Field Strength (V/m) at 3m

<0.58V/m (5.8mV/cm)

(Note 1)

<137V/m (1370mV/cm)

0.42%

0.58V/m (5.8mV/cm)

(Note 1)

2500mV/m (25mV/cm)

0.58V/m (5.8mV/cm)

(Note 1)

NOTES

NOTES

DISCLAIMER

While we (AGD Systems) endeavour to keep the information in this manual correct at the time of print, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability or availability with respect to the information, products, services, or related graphics contained herein for any purpose.

Any reliance you place on such information is therefore strictly at your own risk. In no event will we be liable for any loss or damage including without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever arising from loss of data or profits arising out of, or in connection with, the use of this manual.

WARRANTY

All AGD products are covered by a 12 month return to factory warranty. Products falling outside this period may be returned to AGD Systems for evaluation, repair, update or re-calibration, any of which may be chargeable.

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